test #1

This is the person credited with cultivating the indigo plant in America

Eliza Lucas Pinckney

According to professor JP, the fashion professional is distinguished from the fashion _____ through their knowledge, understanding, and application on terminology, specifically and cyclically nature of the fashion business

Enthusiast

The strategy of keeping fashion fresh with rapid assortment rotation is called?

Fast fashion

Bill Cunningham's column in the New York Times was called what?

On the street

These are specific groups of political customers

Target Market

The designs said that jeans were "the most important item of fashion in the 20th century?"

Yves Saint Laurent

Physical mobility has contributed to a "cross pollination of cultures" meaning

a broader merchandise seduction is needed to satisfy more sophisticated consumers who are exposed to many cultures

Which of these best exemplifies the primary level of the fashion business?

a cotton farmer

The most significant change un the status of women is

a higher degree of social power

the primary objective of a business is to

make a profit

The purchase of one company by another is known as

merger or acquisition

Which type if manufacturer turns out adaptations that have survive the introduction stage and are in the rise stage of the fashion cycle?

moderate

Which of the following factors has influenced the rate of fashion change?

modern communications

Which of the following is not a principle of fashion?

more expensive styles become successful fashion more frequently

The first designer to license in their name to a manufacturer was

pierre cardin

Which of the following is the most important trait of a fashion influential?

popularity within their group where others are prone to copy them

The designer who uses his or her talents to adapt or change the successful designs of others and typically works for a manufacturer is called a(n)

stylist - designer

Laws vased on religious or moral principles and restrict what we can or cannot purchase are known as____

sumptuary laws

The auxiliary level of fashion industry includes

support services

Denim jeans illustrate the concept of a fashion classic for all the following reasons except

the fashion cycle of jeans can be bought at many different price points

The difference between a fashion innovator and a fashion influencer is

the innovator is the fist to try new styles, the influencer whos adoption of a new style gives a style prestige among a group

The horizontal-flow theory of fashion adoption is dependent on

the introduction of new styles to many social groups at the same time

The two factors relating to population with the greatest bearing on fashion demand are

the size and growth of the population + age

The upward flow theory of fashion adoption depends on which group of consumers to exert the strongest influence?

young members of the lower income groups

Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?

fashion is a mysterious and unpredictable force that influences everyone

The rise, popularity, and decline of a fashion item is known as

fashion life cycle

Fashion is evolutionary, not revolutionary is best explained by which of the following statements?

fashion tends to change gradually

Which of the following s not a component of fashion?

fiber

Which of the following represents the auxiliary level of the fashion industry

ford model management

which of the following types of ownership benefits from the expenses of an established from business?

franchise

Which of the factors below slows down the adoption of new fashion

habit + custom

The largest minority group in the united states is/are

hispanics/Latinx

A bridal gown designer adds formal wear, footwear, and jewelry to its product lines. This is an example of

horizontal growth

Where on the fashion cycle would innovators most likely be located

introduction

One of the most precious possessions of the average US citizen today is

leisure time

Disney sum sum

licensing

Bill cunningham lived in a tiny apartment in this iconic New York building

Carnegie Hail

This is the year those iconic rivets made their way onto Levi's jeans

1873

Jeans entered the world of 'fashion" as a symbol of wealth and prestige during this period

1930's

The age group for more than half of all discretionary income spending power is

50+

This was Bill Cunningham's primary form of transportation

Bicycle

What was Bill Cunningham's primary mode of transportation?

Bicycle

This is the color of the indigo dye vat?

Green

This is the university that Bill Cunningham dropped out of before moving to New york City

Harvard

This is the counter-culture group that adopted jeans in their standard wear during the late 1960's

Hippies

A cardinal role in any business is____

Know your customer

The sociological environment is important to the understanding of fashion. Sociological factors include

Leisure time, ethnic influences, status of women, social mobility, faster communications

Prior to his photography career, Bill cunningham was a_____

Mailner

Bill cunningham is a native of this US State?

Massachusetts

This is when a total lack of interest for a style has set in and it cannot be sold at any price

Obsolescence stage

The tiny hardware sewn into jeans to make them sturdier are called what?

Rivets

This is the organization charged with creating a wholesome, family friendly image for jeans

The denim council

Businesses engaged in the manufacturing of materials and finished products used in the production of apparel and accessories for men,women, and children is known as

The fashion industry

In 2008, the french ministry of culture conferred this aware to Bill Cunningham

The officier de londre des arts es des letters

Hip- hop culture made this jean designer a household name in the mid- 1980's

Tommy hilfiger

This is the number of liters which levi's had reduced its water consumption since 2011

Two billion

This is how much cottom it takes to make a pair of jeans

Two pounds

Which type of business ownership offers limited liability and easy transfer of ownership?

corporation

At which point on the fashion cycle do design with the greatest consumer acceptance and in the greatest volume in retail stores appear?

culmination

When on the fashion cycle would apparel offered by Walmart and Khol's be located

culmination stage

Studies that divide broad groups of consumers into smaller, more homogenous target segments are called

demographics

Which studies help merchants determine the income of potential customers?

demographics

Trimmings, sleeve style, pant or skirt lengths, and waistline are examples of

details

Wars and disasters lend to make people

develop a need for fashion compatible with their altered environment and attitudes

Money left over after an individual or family has paid taxes, provided food, basic clothing, shelter, taxes, and transportation is

discretionary income

Which theory of fashion adoption has the least acceptance today?

downward flow

Which of the following is not a cultural condition that favors stability in dress?

education

All fashions end in____

excess

Which of the following statements about facts is accurate?

fads have a rapid rise and even more rapid decline

The individuals who have the most influence on the continued success of the fashion industry in the united states are

fashion followers

There are 5 basic psychological influencing fashion demand including boredom, curiosity, need for companionship and need for self assurance what is the remaining psychological factor?

reaction to convention

Fashions are evolutionary in nature, they are rarely_____

revolutionary

Which of the following does not refer to a silhouette

ruffled pleated

WHich of these best describes the secondary level of the fashion business?

sewing contractor

Which type of business ownership accounts for more than 70% of all business in the US?

sole proprietorship