Test 1 (Chapter 1-2)

The formal discipline of psychology, as we know it today, began when?

1800s

Older adults with low levels of the chemical acetylcholine in their brains may develop memory loss. Which of the following psychological perspectives does this best relate to?

Biological

The __ perspective is a psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts.

Biological

Which modern psychological perspective focuses on bodily events and their effects on behavior, feelings, and thoughts?

Biological

The __ is a psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior.

Cognitive Perspective

Which modern psychological perspective focuses on how people reason, remember, understand language, and solve problems?

Cognitive perspective

Carl Jung would agree that

Darth Vader and dragons would represent the shadow archetype

Research methods that depict behavior, but do not necessarily yield casual explanations, are called what?

Descriptive methods

Mark is angry when the teacher blames him for misbehaving when it was actually the child behind him who has been acting up. As he leaves school, he shoves another boy who gets in his way. Freud would say that Mark is unconsciously using the defense mechanism of:

Displacement

__ occurs when people direct their emotions toward objects, animals, or people that are not the real object of their emotion.

Displacement

A __ is required to obtain a license to practice clinical psychology.

Doctorate degree

A(n) __ psychologist studies how genetically-influenced behavior that was functional or adaptive during our species' past may be reflected in the present behaviors, mental processes, and traits of modern humans.

Evolutionary

__ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes the extent to which people are outgoing or shy.

Extroversion v. introversion

Which school of psychological thought was influenced by the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin?

Functionalism

Where was the first psychological laboratory was officially established by Wilhelm Wundt?

Germany

which variable does an experimenter manipulate when conducting experimental research?

Independent variable

According to Freud, the psychosexual stage that occurs during the grade school years until puberty is called the:

Latency stage

According to the __ view of personality, the story we tell about ourselves shapes who we are.

Narrative

What test consists of a series of standardized multiple-choice items and also can include a section where one is asked to rate themselves on a series of scales?

Objective test

What are the Big Five personality traits?

Openness to experience, boringness, cleanliness, and psychopathic

__ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life

Personality

__ occurs when a person's own unacceptable or threatening feelings are repressed and then attributed to someone else.

Projection

Assessment instruments that are designed to tap unconscious feelings or motives are called:

Projective tests

Which is a theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy emphasizing unconscious motives and conflicts?

Psychoanalysis

Which school of thought in psychology emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind?

Psychoanalysis

__, one of the oldest theories of personality, was very influential and still appeals to some psychologists today.

Psychoanalytic

Phrases such as "displacing one's anger", "being in denial", and "repressing a memory" are all based on ideas related to:

Psychodynamic theory

__ founded the field of psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

__ focus on how groups affect attitudes and behavior, why people obey authority, and how each of us is affected by other people--- spouses, levers, friends, bosses, parents, and strangers

Social psychologists

Which modern psychological perspective focuses on how our behavior is influenced by the other people in our environment and the communities we belong to?

Sociocultural

In psychoanalysis, which component of personality is present at birth and is the reservoir of unconscious psychological energy and the motives to avoid pain and obtain pleasure?

The Id

What does the empirical evidence show about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator's ability to predict a person's behavior on the job or in relationships?

The evidence does not support it

__ is the study of psychological issues that have a direct practical significance

applied psychology

Psychology is defined as the discipline concerned with:

behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, and external environment

a __ is a measure of how strongly two variables are relate to one another

correlation

Critical thinking requires:

creativity for creating alternative explanations

__ emphasized the purpose of behavior as opposed to its analysis and description

functionalism

The __ perspective of psychology focuses on the environmental rewards and punishers that maintain or discourage specific behaviors.

learning

Phrenology is what?

pseudoscience related; the bumps on ones head are related to personality traits

A __ is a medical doctor who diagnosis and treats mental disorders and takes a more biological approach than other psychotherapists.

psychiatrist

According to your textbook, __ is the aspect of psychology that is least recognized and understood by the public.

research psychology

__ combine elements of behaviorism with research on thoughts, values, expectations, and intentions and believe that people learn not only by adapting their behavior to the environment, but also by observing and imitating others.

social cognitive learning theorists

Archetypes are:

universal, symbolic images that appear in myths, art, and dreams

Who established the first psychological laboratory in 1879?

Wilhelm Wundt

Who was a famous functionalist?

William James