Test 2
Who was the father of motor behavior? Question options: George Stelmach Robert Singer Franklin Henry Richard Schmidt
Franklin Henry
Who wrote the first major theoretical paper from the discipline of kinesiology on what was known as the memory drum theory? Question options: Richard Schmidt George Stelmach Shirl Hoffman Franklin Henry
Franklin Henry
This time period is considered one of the greatest eras of interest in motor behavior. Question options: the Vietnam War (1959-1975) World War II (1939-1945) the Golden Age of Sports (1920s) the Cold War (1940-1990s)
World War II (1939-1945)
Does participation in physical activity vary by race? Question options: Yes, and there is equal participation across all types of physical activities. Yes, and there is also great variation across types of physical activity. No, it does not vary greatly. It depends on the sport or physical activity being considered.
Yes, and there is also great variation across types of physical activity.
One of the goals of sociology of physical activity is to look at physical activity with a penetrating gaze that goes beyond our common understanding of social life. The text says that this requires Question options: a dash of skepticism about common assumptions acquaintances from other cultures good historical knowledge about our own culture an ability to see common threads that run through everyone's lives
a dash of skepticism about common assumptions
Which of the following is a primary source of historical evidence? Question options: a book written in 1992 by a journalist born in 1965 about the Mexico City Olympics in 1968 a poem about the first modern Olympic Games held in Athens in 1896, written in 2000 by an American poet who has a graduate degree in history a tape-recorded interview conducted in 1987 with a famous sport historian about the ancient Greek Olympic Games in the 5th century B.C. a newspaper article about the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics written at the time the Games were in progress
a newspaper article about the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics written at the time the Games were in progress
The term gender refers to Question options: an individual's sex a genetic category an individual's heterosexuality a set of norms and expectations about how we should behave based on society's understanding of sexuality
a set of norms and expectations about how we should behave based on society's understanding of sexuality
What is electromyography? Question options: the finding that only practice conditions similar to game performance will benefit future game performance a cognitive mechanism that controls movement a movement task with which the subject does not have prior experience a system for monitoring and recording the electrical activity in muscles
a system for monitoring and recording the electrical activity in muscles
All of the following examine learning (rather than performance) EXCEPT Question options: a test of accuracy immediately after practice for accuracy analysis of a football game after two weeks of intrasquad practice measuring RT after two days without practice on the RT task a comprehensive final exam
a test of accuracy immediately after practice for accuracy
What differentiates motor learning (ML) from motor control (MC)? Question options: the kinds of studies conducted the kinds of research conducted acquisition versus neuromuscular activity changes in time versus changes in growth
acquisition versus neuromuscular activity
The North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, the major scholarly society in the subdiscipline in North America, was founded Question options: after Europeans founded a scholarly association in sport sociology before Europeans founded a scholarly association in sport sociology primarily to bring Mexican sport sociologists into contact with scholars in the United States and Canada with the organizing help of professional athletes who were critical of sport
after Europeans founded a scholarly association in sport sociology
Which of the following is most critical in helping students develop skills? Question options: ample practice opportunities specific feedback ample appropriate practice opportunities adequate instruction
ample appropriate practice opportunities
What is thematic analysis? Question options: an approach that examines material such as magazines and newspapers and then categorizes the content in various ways a research approach that involves collecting numerical data societal conceptions of the human body, including body image, body ideals, and body practices the ability to do what you want without being stopped by others
an approach that examines material such as magazines and newspapers and then categorizes the content in various ways
Values Question options: can be moral or nonmoral in nature are based on others' conceptions about the importance of things are unrelated to knowledge, motor skills, or fitness are objective beliefs that are defined by each professional organization to guide our personal and professional decisions
are objective beliefs that are defined by each professional organization to guide our personal and professional decisions
By the 1860s, many amateur ____________ teams were on their way to becoming professionalized; common practices by that time included charging admission and paying players. Question options: basketball baseball football tennis
baseball
In the World War II period, from 1943 to 1952, what professional sport league started for women? Question options: basketball tennis baseball golf
baseball
According to the text, ideals in our society concerning women's body size and appearance have led some women to an extreme response that involves Question options: wearing clothes that disguise body size walking more each day taking an aerobics class becoming anorexic
becoming anorexic
In the 1960s several prominent physical educators appeared on the scene who Question options: moved away from science and gravitated toward studies of sport from postmodern perspectives turned away from education and used philosophical techniques to produce insights about sport focused heavily on idealistic and realistic studies of sport began making philosophical predictions about the nature of sport in the 21st century
began making philosophical predictions about the nature of sport in the 21st century
Which experimental design compares two groups (randomly formed) on the same task (movement speed)? Question options: between-group design research design within-group design experiment design
between-group design
Although girls and women are participating in sport and other physical activities in greater numbers now than in earlier decades, females still tend to take part in sports that involve less Question options: need for day-to-day coaching competition among athletes for playing positions body contact among players need for support among teammates
body contact among players
The text outlines behavioral guidelines for sport, which include Question options: caring about your opponent's well-being as much as your own winning as an indication of proper sport performance comparing your current performance with your past performances in order to lead to more successful behavior organizing practice in a way that leads to greater efficiency in the sport
caring about your opponent's well-being as much as your own
History of physical activity teaches us about _____ as well as _____ in the past, which helps us understand the past as well as the present and make reasonable decisions for the future. Question options: differences; similarities sports; athletes changes; stability instability; patterns
changes; stability
Physical activity sociologists Question options: conduct research in natural settings teach high school study movement study mental state
conduct research in natural settings
One of the overall goals in studying the history of physical activity is to Question options: learn about events that took place more than 100 years ago interview older people to learn what physical activities were like when they were young identify and describe patterns of change and stability in physical activity engage in teaching, research, and service in a university setting
identify and describe patterns of change and stability in physical activity
A person who examines the behavior of 5 or 10 cheerleaders, looks for similarities, and then draws conclusions about the nature of cheerleading in general would be using what kind of reasoning? Question options: deductive inductive descriptive mystical
inductive
Which form of reasoning starts with specific cases in order to develop broad, general principles? Question options: deductive descriptive inductive critical and poetic
inductive
Philosophers take ___________seriously; these include moods, emotions, ideals, values, and daily experiences. Question options: reliability reflection dualism intangibles
intangibles
From the perspective of mind-body dualism, the mind Question options: is usually considered superior to the body is usually considered inferior to the body is usually considered equal to the body and body cannot and do not affect one another
is usually considered superior to the body
The physical education teaching profession took root in the United States Question options: before 1800 between 1800 and 1850 just before 1900 after 1900
just before 1900
After John kicked the football from the 22-yard line, he heard the referee yell, "It's good." What type of knowledge was expressed by the referee? Question options: knowledge of performance-intrinsic feedback knowledge of performance-extrinsic feedback knowledge of results-intrinsic feedback knowledge of results-extrinsic feedback
knowledge of results-extrinsic feedback
Practicing a skill is most likely to bring about which of the following? Question options: conditioning endurance learning training
learning
Which of the following is NOT a component of socioeconomic status? Question options: wealth linguistic skills occupational prestige educational level
linguistic skills
This view reflects the belief that subjective experiences are of little value and that humans are complex machines. Question options: dualism holism separatism materialism
materialism
What type of research uses qualitative and quantitative methods? Question options: dual methods survey research societal analysis mixed method
mixed method
What are the two analytical frameworks used by historians to make sense of data they have collected in their research of history of physical activity? Question options: modernization theory and rehabilitation theory rehabilitation theory and human agency rehabilitation theory and social facilitation modernization theory and human agency
modernization theory and human agency
What type of researcher studies differences in growth patterns in children ages 2 to 12 years? Question options: motor learning expert motor behavior expert motor control expert motor development expert
motor development expert
Research on ___________ often compares novices and experts to determine how they differ within various sports. For example, they want to determine why some children are more advanced performers than adults attempting the same skill. Question options: memory drum motor expertise training knowledge of results
motor expertise
Motor behavior includes three subdisciplines. Which is NOT one of the subdisciplines? Question options: motor control motor development motor performance motor learning
motor performance
The significance of skills discussed in the text highlights which of the following statements? Question options: Motor skills represent the standards of excellence by which players evaluate their performance. Motor skills must be practiced for at least 15 hours a week for skills to improve. Motor skills are the least important factor in sports. Motor skills are not goal oriented.
motor skills represent the standards of excellence by which players evaluate their performance
Before the 1950s, scientific research on physical activity Question options: did not exist was well-developed and widespread often addressed topics that could be applied to teaching rarely addressed topics that could be applied to teaching
often addressed topics that could be applied to teaching
Sociologists of physical activity conduct studies of which of the following? Question options: ongoing social life as it ordinarily occurs money, prestige, body size, strength, and information related to sport activity sports traditionally considered appropriate for boys and girls appropriate physical activity for various body styles
ongoing social life as it ordinarily occurs
Sociologists gain information about physical activity through all of these methods EXCEPT Question options: observing and giving insight interviewing thematic analysis ophthalmology
ophthalmology
Knowledge of results focuses on ____________, whereas knowledge of performance focuses on ___________. Question options: outcome; practice the process and nature of movement; outcome reaction time; learning outcome; process of movement
outcome; process of movement
A historian of physical activity would look at Question options: time patterns of change and stability in a culture during a time period history deductive reasoning
patterns of change and stability in a culture during a time period
The focus of motor behavior research today includes Question options: shattering the myth that motor control diminishes with age cognition and memory elite performance potential treatments of disease and injury, including Parkinson's disease
potential treatments of disease and injury, including Parkinson's disease
The ability to do what you want without being stopped by others best defines which of the following terms? Question options: prestige power control social power
power
The type of performance experience engaged in for the express purpose of refining motor control function to improve skill is known as Question options: learning skill practice training
practice
Researchers have found that there are several potential reasons that there are more men coaching and administrating women's athletics. These reasons include all of the following EXCEPT Question options: the larger number of male players constitutes a larger pool of qualified candidates women's coaching salaries still lag behind those of men, which causes some of the top female players to seek careers outside athletics male administrators favor applicants with stereotypical masculine qualities that qualified female applicants may not possess qualified women are still playing sports professionally, so they are not able to take on these leadership roles as coaches and administrators
qualified women are still playing sports professionally, so they are not able to take on these leadership roles as coaches and administrators
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research methods? Question options: qualitative = easy; quantitative = difficult qualitative = words; quantitative = numbers qualitative = volumes; quantitative = statistics qualitative = bias; quantitative = freedom from bias
qualitative = words; quantitative = numbers
The principle that practice should match the performance environment for maximal improvement is Question options: quality of practice specificity of practice practice enhancement speed of acquisition
quality of practice
Pedro is doing research for a school project. He is reading a book about kinesiology written by an engineer who has never knowingly engaged in physical activity. What type of rule is used in determining the credibility of the source? Question options: rule of context rule of relevance rule of perspective rule of omission
rule of perspective
Which of the following is not true of rules that govern games? Question options: Rules tell us what should be accomplished and how we should go about accomplishing it. The primary purpose of rules is to detect cheaters. Rules create efficiency. Rules have little or nothing to do with sport skills.
rules have little or nothing to do with sport skills
Sociology of physical activity focuses on Question options: shared beliefs and social practices that constitute specific forms of physical activity your individual beliefs about your ability in physical activity shared beliefs of society and how society compares race and gender to forms of physical activity parental views of specific forms of physical activity
shared beliefs and social practices that constitute specific forms of physical activity
A comparison of play-like sport to duty-like sport finds that play-like sport considers Question options: sport participation justified by the utility of the sport sport as something that we must do because of what it does for us the value of sport is its ability to improve health and teach civil values sport participation justified by its intrinsic value
sport participation justified by its intrinsic value
In the first half of the 20th century, the main focus of school physical education classes was Question options: exercise sports military drills expressive movement
sports
In the mid-1990s African American athletes were being portrayed on TV as having Question options: less camera appeal than whites more camera appeal than whites stronger mental skills than whites stronger physical skills than whites
stronger physical skills than whites
Intercollegiate athletics were inaugurated on American college campuses by Question options: coaches students college presidents alumni
students
If you ask for responses to a questionnaire that you mail to athletes on 10 varsity teams, you are probably engaged in which type of research? Question options: survey research ethnography interviewing societal analysis
survey research
Question 3 1 / 1 point All of the following are general issues in philosophy EXCEPT Question options: the nature of physical activities such as sport, play, games, exercise, and dance, and the nature of human embodiment knowledge and physical activity the values connected with physical activities and embodiment the Hippocratic oath
the Hippocratic oath
Which of the following best illustrates the most significant change in physical activity in the latter part of the 20th century? Question options: the influence of professional sport on society the focus on health outcomes resulting from physical activity great changes in the ethical behaviors of amateur and professional athletes greater focus on gender and gender differences in sport and physical activity performance
the focus on health outcomes resulting from physical activity
The statement that excellent play is valued illustrates which of the following? Question options: Only talented players are respected in competition. The process of competing in the game is valued as much as the outcomes that result from the play. The winners are more respected by their peers than the losers of a game. Sportsmanship is considered a key component of excellent play.
the process of competing in the is valued as much as the outcome that results from the play
If someone came up to you and asked you to analyze a series of pictures of collegiate athletes and sort them into categories, what type of research method would this person be using? Question options: thematic analysis societal analysis ethnography interviewing
thematic analysis
Boys and girls are similar in motor skill performance during childhood EXCEPT in one skill, in which the gender difference is substantial. Select the exception. Question options: running catching throwing jumping
throwing
What is NOT a goal of sociology of physical activity? Question options: to look at physical activity beyond the common understanding of social life to identify and analyze patterns of change in physical activity to analyze athletes and their physical activity to critique physical activity programs in order to identify problems and recommend changes
to analyze athletes and their physical activity
Which of the following is one of the three main goals of the sociology of physical activity? Question options: to critique physical activity programs in order to enhance social life to identify and analyze patterns of change and stability in physical activity to compare physical activity with the stability of social well-being to critique physical activity programs in order to identify problems and recommend changes leading to the enhancement of individual well-being
to identify and analyze patterns of change and stability in physical activity
The main three goals of philosophy include all of the following EXCEPT Question options: to understand the individual ethics of those who participate in physical activity to better understand the world and our lives in it to understand the nature and value of physical activity, particularly in the form of exercise, sport, games, play, and dance to understand what a person is and the role that physicality and movement play in how we come to know ourselves and our world
to understand the nature and value of physical activity, particularly in the form of exercise, sport, games, play, and dance
A sociologist in kinesiology would know that in women's college basketball there are now many more men coaches than women coaches. Question options: True False
true
Both the amateur and professional models of intercollegiate athletics often lead to exploitation of student-athletes. Question options: True False
true
Boys and girls are more similar than different in motor skill performance. Question options: True False
true
Determining the authenticity of written historical evidence involves matters such as who actually authored the piece and the date it was produced. Question options: True False
true
Games may or may not be experienced as play. Question options: True False
true
In the second half of the 20th century, growth in participation in exercise and sport greatly outpaced population increases. Question options: True False
true
Individuals' opposition to the use of American Indians as mascots is based on the belief that this practice actually distorts and trivializes the culture rather than honors it. Question options: True False
true
Motor behavior research is closely related to biomechanics. Question options: True False
true
Pedagogy, the study of teaching, applies motor behavior research. Question options: True False
true
Skill acquisition, one of the five areas studied in motor control, is about learning. Question options: true false
true
Sociologists of physical activity seldom rely on a physical lab space, but rather they see all sport settings in the social world as their laboratory. Question options: True False
true
The Philosophic Society for the Study of Sport founded the Journal of the Philosophy of Sport in the 1970s. Question options: True False
true
Values can be moral or nonmoral. Question options: True False
true
Feedback that produces the greatest improvement in performance and potentially produces the greatest learning Question options: is given after every performance of a skill is intrinsic; extrinsic feedback does little to improve performance varies depending on the expertise of the performer is knowledge of results
varies depending on the expertise of the performer
Which of the following is NOT a value promoted by the field of physical activity? Question options: winning skill pleasure fitness
winning
Two main physical educators who were early leaders in the field of sport and exercise philosophy in the 1960s were Question options: Metheny and Slusher Metheny and Zeigler Zeigler and Kleineman Fraleigh and Slusher
Metheny and Slusher
When did the physical education profession begin? Question options: 1840 to 1900 1900 to 1920 1920 to 1950 1950 to present
1840 to 1900
During what decade did kinesiology subdisciplines develop a recognizable identity in North America? Question options: 1960 1920 1970 1950
1960
The discipline of kinesiology began a phenomenal growth spurt in the Question options: 1940s 1960s 1980s 21st century
1960s
Sport historians would be more interested in which source of information? Question options: 1968 baseball game photo 1968 baseball game audio recording 1968 baseball bat 1968 baseball player who remembers things well
1968 baseball player who remembers things well
The NASSH was designed in 1972 to attract a broader scholarly membership including women, Canadians, and international scholars beyond North America. What does NASSH stand for? Question options: National Athletic Society for Historians North American Sport Society for Historians National Athletic Sport Society for History North American Society for Sport History
North American Society for Sport History
What is the best way to set goals to achieve the best results? Question options: Set a challenging goal that seems impossible to achieve. Set a simple goal that you can easily achieve. Set a goal that requires moderate effort to achieve. Set multiple goals at one time.
Set a goal that requires moderate effort to achieve.
____________ is a key component of philosophy. This process helps us to better understand what we have experienced in our daily lives. Question options: Debate Reflection Reasoning Testing
Reflection
From 1900 to 1950, scholarship was influenced by which of the following two items? Question options: American College of Sports Medicine, the Cooper Institute the YMCA, Oberlin College Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, the Cooper Institute Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, Harvard Fatigue Lab
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, Harvard Fatigue Lab
Which of the following statements about sport ethics is NOT correct? Question options: Sport ethics represents a defensible standard of behavior. Sport ethics are impartial, consistent, and critical. Rule bending is acceptable as long as it is not called or noticed by the official. No one counts more than anyone else (for example, players, fans, coaches).
Rule bending is acceptable as long as it is not called or noticed by the official.
The passage of this education amendment helped to create more opportunities for women and girls to participate in sport. Question options: Equal Opportunity Amendment Civil Rights Amendment Public Law 94-142 Title IX
Title IX
Which of the following is a major influence on female participation in collegiate athletics? Question options: more female coaches more college teams available high school teams more available now than in the past Title IX legislation
Title IX legislation
Deductive reasoning starts with a broad, general principle and examines specific facts that follow from it. Question options: True False
True
The two goals of philosophy of physical activity are: (1) to clarify thinking about physical activity and the mind-body relationship; and (2) to use these insights to make positive changes in people's lives. Question options: True False
True
According to the text, which kind of practice makes perfect? Question options: correct the best repetitive No practice makes perfect.
correct
The three reflective reasoning processes of philosophical research are inductive, deductive, and _______ reasoning. Question options: mystical ethical speculative descriptive
descriptive
Between 1950 and 2000, physical activity professions Question options: moved from a focus on exercise in 1950 to a focus on health by 2000 stayed relatively stable diversified and expanded actually shrank in numbers because fitness wasn't as important after World War II
diversified and expanded
The experimental design used in motor behavior research to determine the impact of two different types of practice on the same skill performance would be identified as Question options: between-group design within-group design descriptive dual design
dual design
What view sees the mind and body as separate? Question options: holistic view idealistic view dualistic view cognitive view
dualistic view
Which of these methods do researchers use to spend many months or even years in observation of a particular social setting? Question options: historical analysis societal analysis ethnography interviewing
ethnography
While his players are working out, a coach notices a mistake in an athlete's form. The coach tells the player what might work better and how to do it. What type of feedback is the coach giving the player? Question options: intrinsic feedback extrinsic feedback frequent feedback expert feedback
extrinsic feedback
A coach tells a player the correct way to inbound a basketball from the sideline; at the same time the coach is demonstrating how to throw the ball inbound in a game-like situation. What is taking place? Question options: intrinsic feedback and sensory perception goal setting and extrinsic feedback observational learning and novice control extrinsic feedback and observational learning
extrinsic feedback and observational learning
Practice guarantees improved performance. Question options: True False
false
Race and ethnicity are similar concepts that are basically interchangeable. Question options: True False
false
The North American Society for Sport History began in the mid-1950s, and it founded a scholarly journal in the early 1960s. Question options: True False
false
Women's intercollegiate athletics grew on college campuses in the late 19th century at about the same rate as men's intercollegiate athletics. Question options: True False
false
What are some environmental conditions that might affect learning in sport? Question options: feedback, practice, transfer skill, practice, performance fatigue, practice, performance retention, skill, transfer
feedback, practice, transfer
The 1920s were known as the Question options: Era of American Baseball Golden Age of Sports Rebirth of the Modern Olympics Aerobic Movement
golden age of sports
An important research direction in history of physical activity that began taking shape in the 1980s was Question options: history of recreational sports history of martial arts in the United States history of exercise and health history of physical therapy
history of exercise and health
The belief that the mind and body are interdependent and work together is Question options: dualism holism materialism unifism
holism
