TEST 2

Alan Freed

- was a disc jockey who attached "rock and roll" to a musical style. Was an early and influential advocate of rhythm and blues. Used "rock and roll" as a code for rhythm and blues while broadcasting over WJW in Cleveland in 1951. He is a part of the payola scandal.

Rockabilly

A country take on rhythm and blues, performed mainly by white Southerners, that combined elements of country music with rock and roll. Was most popular in the midfifties.

Motown

A set of stylistic features heard in sixties Motown recordings: melodic saturation, a good mellow beat, a broad spectrum of sound and a predictable format.

British Invasion

An influx of British bands in the early 60s whose styles borrowed from American pop, rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and early blues and who, in turn, were to have a profound influence in the emergence of rock. The first wave, in 1964, included the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Kinks, the Animals, the Dave Clark Five, and several others.

Kinks

Categorized in the United States as a British Invasion band, the band is recognized as one of the most important and influential rock groups of the era.

Teen Pop Idols

Elvis, Chuck Berry, etc.

Country Influenced Rock

Grateful Dead

Muddy Waters

He added the power of amplification and a full rhythm section during his first years in Chicago. He is considered father of the modern Chicago blues. He was a major inspiration for the British blues explosion in the 1960s.

Rolling Stones

In 1969, billed as the "world's greatest rock and roll band." helped bring a blues sensibility into mainstream.

The Day the Music Died

In February 3, 1959, Buddy Holly died in a plane crash with Ritchie Valens and J.P. "the Big Bopper" which was marked as the day rock and roll died.

Folk Revival

It began in 1958 when the Kingston Trio's recording of "Tom Dooley" topped the pop charts. It ended seven years later, when Bob Dylan went electric at the Newport Folk Festival, and folk fathers Alan Lomax and Pete Seeger went ballistic.

Rock and Roll

It helped create an identity for teens and was popular during the late 50s. Usually catered to a white audience. It epitomized a rebellious attitude.

Buddy Holly

Passion of him and his fellow rock-and-rollers was the driving force behind the rapid evolution of rock and roll. He is described as the single most influential creative force in early rock and roll.

Twist

Song made in the 1960's by Chubby Checker. It was a dance most popular during the 60's where numerous celebrities and famous individuals also performed by JFK, Marilyn Monroe, etc.

Crimson

The band are widely recognised as a foundational progressive rock group (although the group members resist the label). Was influential but short-lived: lasting for just under one year, it established several of the ground rules of British progressive rock (a high standard of instrumental expertise, active technological engagement, complex multi-part compositions and the fusion of then-current psychedelic rock forms with classical, jazz and folk idioms) Most important member is Robert Fripp,

Jefferson Airplane

The band that first directed the spotlight to San Francisco and to acid rock. They formed in 1965 and remained one of the leading psychedelic rock bands into the early seventies.

Beach Boys

The most important and innovative of the surf music bands. They reworked Berry's riffs and rhythms as rock, not rock and roll.

Creedence Clearwater Revival

Their musical style encompassed the roots rock and swamp rock genres. Despite their San Francisco Bay Area origins, they portrayed a Southern rock style, singing about bayous, catfish, the Mississippi River, and other popular elements of Southern iconography. Their musical influence can be heard in many genres including southern rock, grunge, roots rock, and blues.

Poco

Was part of the first wave of the West Coast country rock genre.

Cream

a 1960s British rock super group power trio.

Paul Anka

a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actor. He became famous in the late 50s

Bo Diddley

a beat that was inspired by the clave pattern of Afro-Cuban music that Bud Holly used.

Boogie-Woogie

a blues piano style characterized by repetitive bass figures, usually in shuffle rhythm.

T-Bone Walker

a flamboyant black performer whose stage antics included playing his guitar behind his head while doing the splits.

Surf Rock

a genre of popular music associated with surf culture. It was especially popular from 1961 to 1966.

Folk Rock

a musical genre combining the elements of rock and folk in the 60s that was used by the Byrds and Bob Dylan and influenced the Beatles

Doo-Wop (Gospel Roots)

a pop-oriented R&B genre that typically featured remakes of popular standards or pop-style originals sung by black vocal groups. Died out in the early 1960s with the rise of the girl groups and Motown. Was strongly connected to the pop music that rock and roll and rhythm and blues were reacting against. Served as the bridge between pre-rock pop and the black pop of the 1960s and beyond. Preserved the romance of earlier pop styles through the emphasis on tuneful melody and rich textures, while simultaneously introducing features that anticipated the black pop of the 1960s.

Acid Rock

a rock substyle defined not by a music feature but simply by the music's ability to evoke or enhance the drug experience.

Concept Album

a rock-era album which represented a unified artistic vision rather than a compilation of a group or individual's songs.

Sh-Boom

a song by The Chords written in 1954 which was a quintessential doo-wop song.

Race Records

a term that came into use in the early 1920s to describe recordings by African American artists intended for sale primarily in the African American community.

Chicago Blues

a type of urban blues that started in Chicago and is famous with Muddy Waters.

Kingston Trio

an American folk and pop music group that helped launch the folk revival of the late 1950s to late 1960s.

Sun Records (Sam Phillips)

an American independent record label founded in Memphis, Tennessee, starting operations on March 27, 1952. Founded by Sam Phillips, Sun Records was notable for discovering and first recording such influential musicians as Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Johnny Cash.

Connie Francis

an American pop singer of Italian heritage and the top-charting female vocalist of the 1950s and 1960s.

Jerry Lee Lewis

an American rock and roll and country music singer-songwriter and pianist. He is viewed as rock and roll's first great wild man.

Sly and the Family Stone

an American rock, funk, and soul band from San Francisco in the sixties that were pivotal in the development of soul, funk, and psychedelic music.

Ritchie Valens

an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist in the rock and roll era.

Temptations

an American vocal group known for their success with Motown Records during the 1960s and 1970s.

Four Tops

an American vocal quartet who were apart of the Motown music that were notable for having Stubbs, a baritone, as their lead singer.

Eric Clapton

an English musician, singer and songwriter. Has been referred to as one of the most important and influential guitarists of all time

The Who

an English rock band formed in 1964.

Producer

an individual working within the music industry, whose job is to oversee and manage the recording.

Coasters

are an American rhythm and blues/rock and roll vocal group that had a string of hits in the late 1950s. Leiber and Stoller produced them.

Jazz Rock Fusion

are variants of a musical fusion genre that developed from mixing funk and R & B rhythms and the amplification and electronic effects of rock music, complex time signatures derived from non-Western music and extended, typically instrumental compositions with a jazz approach to lengthy group improvisations, often using wind and brass and displaying a high level of instrumental technique. It was created around the late 1960s.

Girl Groups

came about in the late 50s and were also apparent in the early 60s

Electric Blues

came into prominence in the fifties and featured the usage of an electric guitar. features regular blues form, rough-edged vocals, vocal-like responses and solos from the lead guitar or harmonica, a dense texture with several instruments playing melody-like lines behind the singer, and a rhythm section laying down a strong beat usually some from of the shuffle rhythm popularized in forties rhythm and blues.

Soul

came into use as an expression of the positive sense of racial identity that emerged during the decade. Soul refers to the emotionally charged black music of the sixties that draws deeply on gospel and blues. It is best exemplified by the music that came from Memphis and Alabama and Aretha Franklin and James Brown.

James Brown

epitomized the "soul man" and stood apart from other male soul singers. billed himself as "Soul Brother Number 1" and the "Godfather of Soul." Was the most important male soul artist of the sixties. His subsequent music brought popular music closer to its African roots than it had ever been before.

Horns/Sax/Guitar

instruments used throughout the 50s.

Bubblegum

is a genre of pop music with an upbeat sound contrived and marketed to appeal to pre-teens and teenagers, that may be produced in an assembly-line process, driven by producers and often using unknown singers. The classic period ran from 1967 to 1972.

Funk

is a music genre that originated in the mid to late 1960s when African-American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and R&B. De-emphasizes melody and harmony and brings a strong rhythmic groove of electric bass and drums to the foreground. Songs are often based on an extended vamp on a single chord, distinguishing them from R&B and soul songs, which are built on chord progressions.

Leiber and Stoller

laid the groundwork for subsequent generations of producers. They stand apart from the other producers because they wrote so many of the songs their acts recorded and in general exerted more control over the final product. They left their imprint most strongly on the recordings of Coasters and the Drifters. They were among the first to elevate record production to an art.

Guitar Gods

lead guitarists in the late 60s.

Louis Jordan

led a jump band in the R & B style. Got a record deal with a major label, Decca, with whom he signed a contract in 1939.

BEATLES

led the transformation of rock and roll into rock. AKA as GOD, they placed a key role in reshaping the music and the industry that supported it. The Beatles established rock as the new popular music, making rock an international musical language, creating a new kind of popular song, proposing rock as art, confirming the recording as the primary musical document, and expanding the range of musical influences and sounds ,from sitars and calliopes to tape loops and crowd noises.

Little Richard

made his mark in a series of songs released between late 1955 and early 1958. Embodied the new spirit of rock and roll more outrageously and flamboyantly than any other performer of the era.

Country Rock

music combining a strong honky-tonk two-beat with a clear, simple rock rhythm.

Bob Dylan

music from the early sixties recaptures the substance and spirit of the songs of Woody Guthrie. He practiced "talking blues" which was taken from Woody Guthrie. He used beats, instruments, harmonies, forms, and the like to create an atmosphere. In the sixties, he played a key role in bringing forth folk and country into rock. His music profoundly influenced many of the important acts of the 1960s and beyond.

Power Trio

new sound of the late sixties. These were bare-bones bands- just guitar, bass, and drums- set up to showcase the skills of their exceptionally able guitarists, most notably Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton

Led Zeppelin

one of the most important bands of the sixties and seventies that found a balance between group interplay and solo brilliance.

Triplet

rhythmic pattern that divides each beat into three equal parts. After 1950s, became a staple in slow rhythm and blues and were also used to add rhythmic energy in medium tempo songs.

8-To-The-Bar

the first four bars describe a scene and the last eight repeat the same words and melody.

Ray Charles

the most important and influential of the black solo singers who fueled the growth of rhythm and blues in the late 1950s.

Supremes

the most popular female vocal group of the 1960s and the main reason that Motown kept challenging the Beatles for chart supremacy.

Chuck Berry

the ultimate architect of rock and roll. He provided both the first important model for lead guitar playing and the first definitive rock rhythm guitar style. His music defines the core elements that make rock and roll stand apart not only from pop and country, but also rhythm and blues.

ACapella

type of style used in doo-wop.

Jimi Hendrix

used the electric guitar frequently and he drew deeply on the blues inspiration. Used electric blues as a point of departure, but he greatly increased the range, volume, and variety of sounds, even as he helped morph blues guitar styles into the dominant rock solo style.

Bill Haley

was a part of the white acts from rhythm and blues. He was considered to write the first rock and roll record.

Grateful Dead

was an American rock band formed in 1965. The band was known for its unique and eclectic style, which fused elements of rock, folk, bluegrass, blues, reggae, country, improvisational jazz, psychedelia, and space rock

Otis Redding

was an American singer-songwriter, record producer, arranger and talent scout. He is considered one of the greatest singers in the history of American popular music and a seminal artist in soul and rhythm and blues. His singing style was powerfully influential among soul artists of 1960s and helped exemplify the Stax sound. Most importantly, known as King of Soul.

Janis Joplin

was the only female performer in the San Francisco rock scene. She was rock's original blues diva. She defined a new role of women in rock. She was the lead singer of the psychedelic-acid rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company.

Aretha Franklin

was the queen of soul and one of the singular talents of popular music.

Elvis

was the symbol of rock and roll for millions, for both those who idolized him and those who despised him. He brought a fresh look, a fresh attitude, and a fresh sound to popular music. He performed other types of styles like rockabilly.

Shirelles

were a female vocal quartet. From 1960 to 1963, they were almost always on the charts.

Chiffons

were one of the top girl groups of the early 1960s.

Dark Ages

when many crucial rock and roll performers either died or left the scene and rock and roll died.