Test 2

An advantage of line structure in organizations is A. a clear chain of command. B. a high level of centralization. C. shared decision making. D. that managers possess a wide range of knowledge. E. there are many layers.

A. A clear chain of command

Frederick Taylor A. analyzed jobs to improve efficiency. B. used special bonuses for workers. C. proposed free tuition programs to motivate workers. D. assumed workers knew the best way to do the job. E. proposed health insurance benefits for workers.

A. Analyzed jobs to improve efficiency.

An organization that creates many products with similar characteristics, such as automobiles, television sets, or vacuum cleaners, would most likely be which of the following types of organizations? A. Continuous manufacturing B. Intermittent manufacturing C. Project manufacturing D. Assembly line E. Fixed-position

A. Continuous manufacturing

An organization that creates many products with similar characteristics, such as automobiles, television sets, or vacuum cleaners, would most likely be which of the following types of organizations? A. Continuous manufacturing B. Intermittent manufacturing C. Project manufacturing D. Assembly line E. Fixed-position

A. Continuous manufacturing

If a department store contest promises that the employee with the highest sales will be treated to dinner by the store manager, the store is helping its employees fulfill which of the following needs? A. Esteem B. Security C. Physiological D. Self-actualization E. Social

A. Esteem

A company that manufactures large products, such as houses or bridges, may require that all resources be brought to a central location during production. This type of facility layout is called A. fixed-position. B. product. C. line. D. central control. E. assembly line.

A. Fixed-position

Internal recruiting has advantages over external sources, one of which is A. improved employee morale. B. higher costs. C. a longer period of adjustment to the new job. D. more time to find the right candidate. E. higher turnover rate.

A. Improved employee morale

A hospital having an x-ray, obstetrics, emergency room, and other units probably would best be classified as a(n) A. intermittent organization. B. project organization. C. continuous manufacturing organization. D. fixed organization. E. HMO

A. Intermittent organization

A hospital having an x-ray, obstetrics, emergency room, and other units probably would best be classified as a(n) A. intermittent organization. B. project organization. C. continuous manufacturing organization. D. fixed organization. E. HMO

A. Intermittent organization

The Hawthorne Studies were important because they A. introduced the idea that social and psychological factors affect productivity and morale. B. presented important data about how managers perceive their employees. C. showed that workers should control the workplace. D. used fear as a motivator. E. dealt with self-actualization needs.

A. Introduced the idea that social psychological factors affect productivity and morale.

The term used to refer to the raw materials, components, completed or partially completed products, and pieces of equipment a firm uses is A. inventory. B. order quantities. C. production. D. tangibles. E. intangibles.

A. Inventory

Minimizing inventory by providing an almost continuous flow of items from suppliers to the production facility is referred to as A. just-in-time management. B. economic ordering. C. material requirements planning. D. logistics. E. operations management

A. Just-in-time management

An organizational form that is based on direct lines of authority from the top executive to the lowest level of employees is called A. line structure. B. functional structure. C. line-and-staff structure. D. matrix structure. E. a committee.

A. Line structure

_____ make decisions about the use of an organization's resources and are concerned with planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's activities. A. Managers B. Shareholders C. Employees D. Consumers E. Suppliers

A. Managers

In the United States, workers'________ needs, as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wage laws and federal occupational safety standards. A. physiological and security B. security and social C. social and esteem D. esteem and self-actualization E. physiological and esteem

A. Physiological and security

The processes an organization uses to maintain its established quality standards are called A. quality control. B. implementation. C. inspections. D. operations management. E. total quality management.

A. Quality control

A primary reason for using standardization is to A. reduce production costs. B. increase consumer options. C. reduce product quality. D. increase variations. E. foster creativity.

A. Reduce production costs.

Maslow's hierarchy illustrates A. the order in which people strive to satisfy their needs. B. that money is the sole motivator of people. C. that people will self-actualize no matter what else happens to them. D. that managers have assumptions about workers' attitudes labeled X, Y, and Z. E. that food and shelter are the sole motivators of people.

A. The order in which people strive to satisfy their needs

When explaining employee motivation through Herzberg's two-factor theory, all of the following represent motivational factors except A. wages. B. achievement. C. recognition. D. responsibility. E. advancement

A. Wages

When managing quality in manufacturing, when is sampling likely to be used? A. When inspection tests are destructive B. When every product absolutely must be tested because of human life and safety C. To assess the quality of services D. To assess the quality of work-in-process goods E. Sampling is generally used in conjunction with inspection tests

A. When inspection tests are destructive

Management is a process designed to achieve an organization's objectives by using its resources ____________ (accomplishing the objectives with a minimum of resources) and _________________ (having the intended result). A. effectively; efficiently B. efficiently; effectively C. quickly; competently D. competently; quickly E. thoroughly; completely

B. Efficiently; effectively

While trying to determine the effects of lighting and noise on workers' productivity, which of the following found that social and psychological factors could significantly affect productivity? A. Frederick Taylor B. Elton Mayo C. Abraham Maslow D. Victor Vroom E. B.F. Skinner

B. Elton Mayo

The first step in quality control for any organization is A. inspection. B. establishing standards. C. sampling. D. implementation. E. correction.

B. Establishing standards

Downward communication conveys A. information about the grapevine. B. explanations of decisions and orders. C. complaints. D. status reports. E. policy questions.

B. Explanations of decisions and orders.

If ABC Computer Company is determining demand for its future products and how much consumers are willing to pay, the company will likely rely on A. the economy. B. marketing research. C. the competition. D. the past. E. intuition.

B. Marketing research

A planning system that schedules the precise quantity of materials needed for production is called A. just-in-time management. B. material-requirements planning. C. economic order quantities. D. flexible scheduling. E. cycle time management.

B. Material-requirements planning

Building a computer so that components can be installed in different configurations to meet customers' needs is a result of A. flexible manufacturing. B. modular design. C. customization. D. specialization. E. varied engineering

B. Modular Design

Building a computer so that components can be installed in different configurations to meet customers' needs is a result of A. flexible manufacturing. B. modular design. C. customization. D. specialization. E. varied engineering.

B. Modular design

Prior to the Hawthorne Studies, management theorists believed that the primary motivators of employees were job security and A. recognition. B. money. C. awards. D. praise. E. punishment.

B. Money

Diagonal communication A. is the traditional flow of communication from higher to lower levels of the organization. B. occurs when individuals from different units and departments within an organization communicate. C. flows from lower organizational levels to higher ones. D. occurs with communication between peers and colleagues. E. is an informal method of communication in organizations that can improve decision making.

B. Occurs when individuals from different units and departments within an organization communicate.

Multidivisional structures A. are temporary. B. organize departments into larger divisions, often based on geography, product, and/or customer. C. bring together specialists from a variety of areas to work on a single project. D. make slower decisions. E. are less innovative but make quicker decisions.

B. Organize departments into larger divisions, often based on geography, product, and/or customer

A human resources manager deciding how many positions an organization will need is engaging in which of the following activities? A. Recruiting B. Planning C. Training D. Selling E. Compensating

B. Planning

Which of the following is not a basis for organizing using a multidivisional structure? A. Geography B. Project C. Product D. Customer E. Function

B. Project

Organizations must have adequate supplies of all types of ________ and coordinate their use carefully to achieve their objectives. A. knowledge B. resources C. suppliers D. laws E. products

B. Resources

Determining how many items are to be inspected is called A. efficiency. B. sampling. C. appraisal. D. effectiveness. E. specifications.

B. Sampling

According to Maslow, living life to the fullest is most closely associated with fulfilling this need: A. psychological. B. self-actualization. C. security. D. social. E. physiological.

B. Self-actualization

The qualifications necessary for a specific job are spelled out in the job ___________ A. evaluation. B. specification. C. analysis. D. description. E. assessment.

B. Specification

The system in which management collects and analyzes information about the production process to pinpoint quality problems in the production system is called A. total quality management. B. statistical process control. C. quality control. D. operations control. E. production control.

B. Statistical process control

All activities involved in obtaining and managing raw materials and component parts, managing finished products, packaging them, and getting them to customers are part of A. resource management. B. supply chain management. C. engineering. D. finance. E. strategic planning.

B. Supply chain management

Following the interview, the next stage of the employee selection process usually involves A. orientation. B. testing. C. filling out insurance forms. D. reference checking. E. viewing company videos

B. Testing

Maslow's hierarchy is important to managers because A. it is an economic motivator. B. workers won't be motivated to contribute to the organization's goals until their basic needs are met. C. it debunked Hawthorne's theory of motivation. D. workers are able to satisfy higher needs and forget about the lower levels, which are costly. E. it is efficient.

B. Workers won't be motivated to contribute to the organization's goals until their basic needs are met.

All of the following are functions of management except A. directing. B. staffing. C. advertising. D. organizing. E. controlling.

C. Advertising

What is upward communication? A. The traditional flow of communication from higher to lower levels of the organization B. When individuals from different units and departments within an organization communicate C. Communication that flows from lower organizational levels to higher ones D. Communication between peers and colleagues E. Communication among friends as well as in non-work social relationships

C. Communication that flows from lower organizational levels to higher ones.

The document that contains an overview of a job's title, tasks, relationships with other jobs, physical and mental skills required, duties, and responsibilities is referred to as a job A. evaluation. B. analysis. C. description. D. policy. E. procedure.

C. Description

Theories X and Y are most closely associated with A. Abraham Maslow. B. Frederick Herzberg. C. Douglas McGregor. D. Elton Mayo. E. William Ouchi.

C. Douglas McGregor

Managers need adequate ____________ resources to pay for essential activities. A. Human B. Management C. Financial D. Corporate E. Information

C. Financial

Frederick Taylor and other early twentieth-century management theorists believed which of the following would motivate employees to work hard? A. A long lunch break B. Adequate tools and long hours C. Financial incentives D. Nice bosses and long vacations E. Safe working conditions

C. Financial incentives

Professionals who specialize in luring qualified people away from other companies are known as A. tacticians. B. strategists. C. headhunters. D. counselors. E. career planners.

C. Headhunters

When providing benefits, a manager is most closely involved with which of the following resources? A. Natural B. Physical C. Human D. Financial E. Structural

C. Human

Which of the following organizational forms allows managers to take responsibility for the areas in which they specialize? A. Line structure B. Functional structure C. Line-and-staff structure D. Matrix structure E. A committee

C. Line and staff structure

The term standardization means A. ensuring that every product has the same quality. B. that similar products, manufactured by different companies, all operate in the same manner. C. making identical, interchangeable components or products. D. making the exact product a particular customer needs or wants. E. making an item in self-contained units that can be interchanged to create different products.

C. Making identical, interchangeable components or products.

The increased use of electronic communication in the workplace has caused many organizations to implement all but which of the following? A. Formal policies on appropriate Internet use B. Software programs to monitor employee Internet use C. Most companies simply let employees do what they want on the Internet D. Requiring employees to use corporate computers while at work E. Consulting online resources on how to handle employee Internet usage

C. Most companies simply let employees do what they want on the internet.

Management is a process A. that is unanimous. B. of dissipating resources. C. of coordinating resources to achieve objectives. D. that works well. E. mainly used in for-profit businesses.

C. Of coordinating resources to achieve objectives

Maslow's hierarchy classifies needs that motivate people in which order, starting with the most basic? A. Self-actualization, physiological, esteem, security, and social B. Social, self-actualization, physiological, esteem, and security C. Physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization D. Esteem, social, self-actualization, security, and physiological E. Security, physiological, self-actualization, esteem, and social

C. Physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualizaton

A metal fabrication plant with a cutting department, a drilling department, and a polishing department would likely use which of the following layouts? A. Fixed position B. Horizontal position C. Process D. Geographical E. Customer based

C. Process

A company performing large, complex tasks such as construction or exploration is called a(n) A. continuous manufacturing organization. B. intermittent organization. C. project organization. D. construction company. E. oil company.

C. Project organization

A company performing large, complex tasks such as construction or exploration is called a(n) A. continuous manufacturing organization. B. intermittent organization. C. project organization. D. construction company. E. oil company

C. Project organization.

The buying of all materials needed by the organization is called A. consumer behavior. B. capital expenditures. C. purchasing. D. buyer behavior. E. acquisitions.

C. Purchasing

The degree to which a good or service meets the demands and requirements of customers is called A. efficiency. B. productivity. C. quality. D. effectiveness. E. customer satisfaction.

C. Quality

Materials that have been purchased to be used in making other products are included in A. finished inventory. B. partial inventory. C. raw materials inventory. D. supplier inventory. E. components parts inventory.

C. Raw materials inventory

According to Maslow, an employee who goes to night school to get a college degree to minimize the chance of being laid off during a recession is motivated to fulfill which of the following needs? A. Self-actualization B. Psychological C. Security D. Esteem

C. Security

All of the following are activities performed by human resources managers except A. planning. B. recruiting. C. selling. D. training. E. compensating.

C. Selling

The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne Studies was A. Abraham Maslow. B. Douglas McGregor. C. B.F. Skinner. D. Elton Mayo. E. Nathaniel Hawthorne.

D. Elton Mayo

If a manager is analyzing several methods for obtaining the money needed to expand operations, she is involved with which of the following resources? A. Natural B. Physical C. Human D. Financial E. Structural

D. Financial

Which of the following is not typically part of downward communication? A. Performance feedback B. Assignment of tasks C. Details on organizational strategy D. Gossip E. Directions

D. Gossip

The process of determining how many supplies and goods are needed, keeping track of quantities on hand, each item's location, and who is responsible for it is called A. the economic order quantity model. B. just-in-time inventory management. C. material-requirements planning. D. inventory control. E. procurement.

D. Inventory control

Quality A. is a concern only for manufacturing companies. B. is a concern only for service providers. C. refers to the price charged for a product. D. is a critical element of operations management. E. depends on employees' perceptions.

D. Is a critical element of operations management

Determining, through observation and study, the specific tasks that comprise a job and the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to perform it is called A. job description. B. job specification. C. job design. D. job analysis. E. job designation.

D. Job analysis

Which of the following organizational forms is also called a project management structure? A. Bureaucratic structure B. Line structure C. Multidivisional structure D. Matrix structure E. Line-and-staff structure

D. Matrix structure

Which of the following organizational forms is most likely to be complex and expensive? A. Line structure B. Functional structure C. Line-and-staff structure D. Matrix structure E. Committee

D. Matrix structure

In some companies, the department that handles the human resources management function is called A. finance management. B. marketing management. C. budgeting management. D. personnel management. E. sales management.

D. Personnel management

Within organizations, purchasing is also referred to as A. consumption. B. disposition. C. acquisitions. D. procurement. E. budgeting.

D. Procurement

Upward communication conveys A. orders. B. explanation of decisions. C. requests for information. D. progress reports and complaints. E. information about procedures and methods.

D. Progress reports and complaints.

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, all of the following represent hygiene factors except A. comfortable working conditions. B. fair company policies. C. adequate wages. D. responsibility. E. job security

D. Responsibility

What did the Hawthorne studies reveal? A. That money is truly the only motivator B. That changing physical conditions will improve employee productivity C. That supervisors should view their employees as unmotivated individuals who must be forced to do their jobs D. That managers who understand the needs, beliefs, and expectations of people will have the greatest success motivating workers E. That nothing will motivate an employee who is unmotivated to work

D. That managers who understand the needs, beliefs, and expectations of people will have the greatest success motivating workers

A model that identifies the optimum number of items to minimize the costs of managing them is called A. just-in-time management. B. flexible scheduling. C. material requirements planning. D. the economic order quantity model. E. logistics.

D. The economic order quantity model

It is especially difficult to measure quality characteristics when A. a firm uses ISO 9000. B. a firm has a total quality management program. C. the product is a good. D. the product is a service. E. a firm uses statistical process control.

D. The product is a service

A disadvantage of line structure is A. an unclear chain of command. B. the speed of decision making. C. that there are no direct lines of authority. D. that it is very uncommon. E. that managers must possess a wide range of knowledge and skills.

E. An unclear chain of command

The planning of human resources includes all of the following except A. determining how many employees and what skills the organization needs. B. forecasting how many employees the organization needs to hire and what qualifications they must have. C. forecasting the supply of people in the work force who will have the necessary qualifications to meet the firm's needs. D. considering the status of current personnel. E. appraising performance

E. Appraising performance

If a manager is concerned about doing the work with the least cost and waste, then her primary managerial concern is A. effectiveness. B. accountability. C. delegation. D. hiring. E. efficiency.

E. Efficiency

Achievement, recognition, involvement, responsibility, and advancement are all examples of Herzberg's _______ factors. A. esteem B. security C. social D. hygiene E. motivational

E. Motivation

Based on Maslow's hierarchy, a homeless person will most likely work toward fulfilling which of the following needs? A. Self-actualization B. Esteem C. Social D. Security E. Physiological

E. Physiological

______ is forming a pool of qualified applicants from which management can select new employees. A. Human resources management B. Interviewing C. Headhunting D. Selecting E. Recruiting

E. Recruiting

It is desirable to test only a sample of the product in all of the following circumstances except when A. inspection procedures are expensive. B. elaborate testing equipment is required. C. testing takes a significant number of hours to complete. D. the product is destroyed by sampling. E. sampling is the cheapest option and does not destroy the product

E. Sampling is the cheapest option and does not destroy the product

Which of the following is an informal communication channel? A. Leaflets B. Telecommunications C. Job descriptions D. Grievances E. The grapevine

E. The Grapevine

Facility location decisions are complex because A. all customers want plants nearby. B. transportation costs are prohibitively high. C. delivery speed is not very important. D. proximity to market is not very important. E. they involve the evaluation of a number of important factors and the costs are high.

E. They in valve the evaluation of a number of important factors and the costs are high.

Facility location decisions are complex because A. all customers want plants nearby. B. transportation costs are prohibitively high. C. delivery speed is not very important. D. proximity to market is not very important. E. they involve the evaluation of a number of important factors and the costs are high.

E. They involve the evaluation of a number of important factors and the costs are high.

The birth of the study of human relations can be traced to A. research conducted by Mayo and Hawthorne. B. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. C. Herzberg's study of hygiene and motivation factors. D. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. E. time and motion studies conducted by Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.

E. Time and motion studies conducted by Fredrick W. Taylor and Frank and Lilian Gilbert.

________ is a philosophy that uniform commitment to quality in all areas of an organization will promote a culture that meets customers' perceptions of quality. A. The marketing concept B. Total quality manufacturing C. ISO 9000 D. Statistical process control E. Total quality management

E. Total quality management