Test 2 Research Methods

Which of the following methods can a researcher adopt in order to keep the experimental group and control group similar? Probability sampling Randomization Matching

All

Which scale is often used to measure the relationship among racial groups?

Bogardus social distance scale

In the hypothesis, those spending more time on Facebook are more likely to feel depressed. What is the dependent variable?

Depression

In the hypothesis, those who study longer hours earn higher exam scores. What is the dependent variable?

Exam score

Which of the following research design is the most rigid and precise one?

Experiment

Dr. Jones is developing a research study in which he plans to use the length of a participant's ring finger to determine mathematical prowess. At the most basic level, his indicator fails which test for validity?

Face Validity

True/ False It is impossible to have several indicators of only one concept.

False

True/ False One weakness of experiment is that it usually has a low reliability.

False

True/ False Snowball sampling is a type of probability sampling.

False

True/ False The issue of external validity in experimental designs deals with this question, "Did the treatment make the difference, or something else make the difference?"

False

Which of the following pairs are not essential components of a classical experimental design?

Independent and dependent variables Pre-testing and post-testing Experimental group and control group All

Likert scales are designed to be _____ in measurement.

Ordinal

Dr. Smith is instructing his graduate students to put together a sample for an upcoming research study of college students. The graduate students were asked to stand outside of the student union to solicit participants, finding 50 freshmen, 50 sophomores, 50 juniors, and 50 seniors. What sort of sampling method is being used?

Quota Sampling

The variable "educational level" of students was measured as last year in the school was completed (i.e., by using attributes such as none, 1st, 2nd, 3rd grades) This type of measurement falls under _____ measures.

Ratio

In the hypothesis, religious people live longer than less religious people. What is the independent variable?

Religiosity

Professor Duncan administered a questionnaire containing the following items: ​ Please tell me how you feel about your supervisor's leadership style on the following three items: 1 2 3 4 5 Valuable ----:----:----:----:---- Worthless Easy ----:----:----:----:---- Demanding Critical ----:----:----:----:---- Uncritical ​ Duncan was using a:

Semantic differential scale.

Which of the following quasi-experiments is "comparing the results of two groups, one group receives the stimulus, while the other group does not receive the stimulus?

Static group comparison

A researcher who uses a list of registered voters as a sampling frame and selects every 5th person on the randomized list is engaging in what kind of sampling?

Systematic

Maria conducted an experiment to determine whether showing college students a video about the origins of racial prejudice decreases their level of prejudice. She gave the experimental group a pretest to measure their level of prejudice, showed them the film, and then gave them a posttest to again measure their level of prejudice. The control group saw a wildlife film and took the pretest and posttest. The results of the study showed that watching the video about the origins of racial prejudice decreased the prejudice of the experimental group compared to the control group. What might be a source of external invalidity for Maria's study?

The pretest might have sensitized the experimental group members to their bias, so they were more impacted by the film.

True/ False "Population" is theoretically specified aggregation of survey elements.

True

True/ False Both indexes and scales are composite measures of variables

True

True/ False Both scales and indexes are ordinal measures of variables.

True

True/ False Color can be used as a variable, while red can be used as one of the attributes.

True

True/ False In a natural experiment, the researcher does NOT manipulate the independent variable.

True

True/ False In a situation of perfect homogeneity there is little need to be concerned with careful sampling procedures.

True

True/ False One advantage of probability sampling is that the sample is more representative of the population than other types of sampling methods.

True

True/ False One strength of experimental designs (compared with surveys) is that they are easy to isolate a variable.

True

True/ False One way to check for the internal validity of the index is to see whether the composite index is related to the individual items.

True

True/ False One weakness of experimental designs (compared with surveys) is that they are pretty narrow in scope. In other words, they can only manipulate few variables.

True

True/ False Snowball sampling would be an effective strategy for a researcher to use if a researcher was interested in studying a population of gang members.

True

True/ False The difference between a parameter and a statistic is called the sampling error.

True

True/ False Validity refers to the extent to which an empirical measure adequately reflects the real meaning of the concept under consideration.

True

True/ False When a certain question has too many missing answers, researchers should find out the meaning of these missing answers.

True

True/False With limited resources, if a researcher wants to increase the reliability of the research, the validity of the research will at the same time be decreased.

True

A classification system derived from the observation of specific variables is known as a(n):

Typology

In the hypothesis, those with a spouse are healthier than those without a spouse. What is the independent variable?

Whether having a spouse

In the hypothesis, those with pets are happier than those without pets. What is the independent variable?

Whether having pets

Which of the following is NOT a type of preexperimental research design?

classical experimental design

Professor Tyler wrote a proposal to study the impact of authoritarianism on child rearing practices. She began her research by reviewing the meaning of authoritarianism. Based on this review, she formulated her own definition of authoritarianism. This process illustrates:

conceptualization

Verifying the validity of a measurement using an outside source of information, such as SAT scores or GPA, when examining a measure of academic performance is using:

criterion-related validity.

A level of measurement describing a variable whose attributes are rank-ordered and have equal distances between adjacent attributes are _____ measures.

interval

The double-blind experiment is one in which:

neither the subjects in the experimental or control groups nor the experimenters know which are the experimental and control groups.

Kyo is looking to perform a quick research study to determine the effects of a documentary about domestic violence on people's perceptions of violence. His experiment consists of administering a brief survey to a group, having them watch a movie, then surveying them as they leave to determine if any change occurred. What kind of design is Kyo utilizing?

one-group pretest-posttest

The difference between the experimental and control group should be:

that the experimental group receives the independent variable and the control group does not.