Test #2: Review Sheet (Chapters 20, 21, 22, 23)

3) According to Time magazine's Henry Luce, what was the key word to explain the essence of the United States?

"The abundant life" Or opportunity

11) What did Walter Lippmann conclude about democracy during the 1920s?

American voters were not well-informed on issues

32) Why did a stigma emerge around public assistance during the New Deal years?

Black workers were relegated to the least generous assistance programs with discriminatory eligibility standards administered by states.

22) Starting in the 1950s, the government asked federal employees to demonstrate their patriotism. This was especially true for those who were suspected of being disloyal. Along with this group, what other minority was specifically targeted by the government?

Chinese Immigrants

15) Which of the following legal bans no longer passed constitutional scrutiny by the end of the 1920s?

Criminalizing the advocacy of unlawful acts for the sake of political change.

28) Assess the results of the Rural Electrification Agency.

Farms did not only gain electricity, but also radios, electric stoves, refrigerators, and mechanical equipment to milk cows

5) In the 1950s, what did the term "totalitarianism" describe?

Fascism, Nazism & Communism

1) Which statement about farms in the 1920s is accurate?

For the first time in U.S. history, the number of farmers declined

9) During the 1920s

Government policies reflected the pro-business ethos of the decade

17) Which of the following is considered internationally to be the "capital" of Black America?

Harlem

38) On what grounds did the Austrian-born economist Friedrich A. Hayek reject the New Deal state?

He was convinced that even the best intentioned government planning efforts would threaten individual liberties.

7) Why did Harry Truman's loyalty review system target homosexuals working for the government?

Homosexuals were considered susceptible to blackmail and thought to be lacking the manly qualities necessary to fight communism.

24) As a response to the Great Depression and in contrast to previous federal economic policy

Hoover approved public-works projects for the unemployed.

29) In contrast to the American Federation of Labor, the Congress of Industrial Organizations fought for

Industrial democracy

36) How did the role of the national government change during the war?

It grew and created several federal agencies to regulate the war effort. Or it regulated industrial and agricultural production, worked to shape public opinion, and established a new military draft.

40) Assess the effects of the Marshall Plan

It helped to jump-start the economies of western Europe.

16) Which of the two following countries suffered the largest reductions in the immigration quotas accepted by the United States after the Immigration Act of 1924?

Italy and Russia

30) The Share Our Wealth movement

Led by Huey Long, a former governor and senator, this movement began in 1934, and called for taking the richest citizens' money and giving it to the rest in the form of grants and jobs.

2) How did Walter Lippmann view the Cold War?

Objected to turning foreign policy into an "ideological crusade." Was afraid that this could lead the US into permanent war for who knows how long. or He saw it as a long, protracted war that the United States must win at all costs.

25) Harold Ickes directed which of the following?

Public Works Administration

31) Which phrase best describes Eleanor Roosevelt's tenure as First Lady?

Redefined the role of First Lady, championing women's rights, civil rights, and human rights.

33) During the 1930s, what was one way Franklin Roosevelt's administration approached civil liberties?

The Department of Justice added a Civil Liberties Unit

27) Fearing a sit-down strike in 1937, how did U.S. Steel react?

The company agreed to recognize the Steel Workers Organization Committee.

10) Why did cigarettes become known as "torches of freedom" during the 1920s?

Women began to smoke cigarettes as an expression of personal freedom.

14) Still active today in pushing for individual rights, the American Civil Liberties Union started during what conflict?

World War I or arrest of anti war dissenters

21) The 1943 Texas Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution

allowed Mexicans equal treatment in public accommodations, while still segregating blacks.

12) In their 1929 study Middletown, Robert and Helen Lynd

argued that leisure activities and consumption had replaced political involvement.

19) The National Resources Planning Board's slogan was

economic security and full employment. or stop Social Security benefits.

26) The National Industrial Recovery Act

established codes that set standards for production, prices, and wages in several industries

37) During the war, Americans

experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline.

39) The principles of freedom embodied by the 1941 Atlantic Charter

reflected the idea of a global extension of the New Deal that would improve the quality of life for people all over the world.

8) The automobile

spurred growth in other industries such as tourism and steel production.

34) What type of image grew in popularity among painters and writers during the 1930s?

the lives of ordinary people leading their ordinary lives

13) During the 1920s most acts of foreign policy were conducted

through private economic relations.

6) Along with freedom, which was the other concept the United States used to mobilize support at home and abroad?

totalitarianism

4) What were the Nuremberg trials?

trials in which Nazi leaders were charged with "crimes against humanity

18) In American Individualism, Herbert Hoover

understood self-interest tended to promote private interests and it should continue to be that way

20) How did wartime experiences change Mexican-American life in California?

​Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican-Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods.

35) Freedom House was an organization that

​​Demanding an American intervention in the European war.

23) Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed to have a list of communists working for the U.S. State Department. Why did the Republican Party initially support McCarthy's actions?

​​because he was an effective weapon against the Truman administration o to win the 1952 presidential election.