Test 2- Spine

The middle finger is the dermatome for

C7

True of False? Cervical fractures occur more frequently than cervical dislocations

False

Finger abduction assesses which of the following cervical nerves?

T1

True or False? A positive sign of a first thoracic nerve root stretch is pain in the scapular area or arm.

True

The most common mechanism of injury for a cervical fracture is

axial loading and violent neck flexion

C6

elbow flexion and wrist extension

During a brachial plexus injury, muscular weakness is evident in the

external rotators, deltoid, and biceps brachii

T1

finger abduction and adduction

C1-C2

neck flexion

Contralateral

pain on the opposite side

Which of the following signs and symptoms is not related to neurological deficits or damage?

referred pain

Actions involving stimulation of a motor neuron by a sensory neuron in the spinal cord without involvement of the brain are called

reflexes

C4

shoulder elevation

The dermatome for C3 is the

supraclavicular fossa

C8

thumb extension and ulnar deviation

True or False? A cervical fracture or dislocation automatically produces signs of a serious neck injury, namely sensory or motor problems.

False

True or False? A cervical sprain usually involves the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius.

False

True or False? An individual with a cervical fracture will not be able to walk under their own power.

False

True or False? Large compressive loads, such as those sustained during weight lifting, can cause fractures of the vertebral endplates, leading to a wedge fracture in the cervical area

False

True or False? The body landmark associated with the first thoracic vertebra is the base of the spine of the scapula.

False

Osteochondritis of the spine because of abnormal epiphysis plate behavior that allows for herniation of the disk into the vertebral body is termed

Scheuermann disease

A loss of cerebrospinal fluid around the spinal cord because of deformation of the spinal cord or a narrowing of the neural canal is called

Spinal stenosis

True or False? A cervical sprain has the same mechanism of injury as a cervical strain, but the action is more violent in nature for the sprain

True

True or False? Because the intervertebral disks are avascular, they rely on changes in posture and body position to produce a pumping action to bring in nutrients.

True

True or false? The right and left pedicles have notches on their superior and inferior borders, providing openings for the spinal nerves to pass through.

True

The vertebrae that consists of a bony ring with large, flat, superior articular facets on which the skull rests is the

atlas

Grade II burners represent

axonotmesis

After executing a tackle by leading with his head, a football player is down on the field. All of the following suggest an unstable neck EXCEPT: a) The player is unconscious b) The player is conscious and reports numbness in the upper extremities c) the player is conscious, neurologically intact, and reports neck pain d) all of the above

d) all of the above

C7

elbow extension and wrist flexion

Lordosis

excessive lumbar curve

Kyphosis

excessive thoracic curve

C3

lateral neck flexion

Scoliosis

lateral rotational curve

The ligament that connects the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae is the

ligamentum flavum

The functional unit of the spine is called the

motion segment

A localized conduction block that causes temporary loss of sensation and/or loss of motor function from selective demyelination of the axon sheath without true axonal disruption is termed

neurapraxia

Bilateral sensory changes including burning pain, tingling, or total loss of sensation is referred to as

neuropraxia

Ipsilateral

pain on the same side

C5

shoulder abduction

The myotome for C5 is

shoulder abduction

An acute process in which the nucleus pulposus herniates through the posterior annulus, resulting in signs and symptoms of cord or nerve root compression is termed

soft-disk disease

Which of the following characteristics would suggest a cervical sprain rather than strain?

symptoms that persists for several days

If a unilateral cervical dislocation is present, the neck will be visibly tilted in what direction?

toward the dislocated side

Axial loading of the cervical spine occurs when the neck is in a position of

flexion

The Spurling test is a

foraminal compression test

True of False? Factures and dislocations commonly occur at the fourth, fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae.

true

True or False? Axial loading has been identified as the leading mechanism of injury for severe cervical spine injuries

True

True or False? In a brachial plexus injury, pain is usually transient and resolves itself in 5 to 10 minutes

True

True or False? The spiral nerve is composed of two roots. One is responsible for motor function; the other is responsible for sensory function.

True

True or False? The thoracic curve is convex posteriorly

True

Normal ROM for cervical flexion is

80-90 degrees

An athlete has sustained a sprain to the cervical region and is having radiating paresthesia down the left arm. What should be done for this athlete?

refer to a physician

The Torg ratio aids in the assessment of

spinal stenosis

A crushing compression fracture that leaves a vertebra narrowed anteriorly is termed a(n)

wedge fracture

A deformity of the neck in which the head tilts toward one shoulder and, simultaneously, the chin rotates toward the opposite shoulder is termed

wry neck