Test 3 (Chapter 7)
Which of the following is not an example of a biological treatment for depression? A) electroconvulsive shock B) antidepressant medication C) contingency management D) herbal remedies
C) contingency management
Which of the following is the MOST effective dietary supplement/disorder pairing? A) ginkgo biloba for treating dementia B) black cohosh for treating depression C) zinc for treating PMS D) SAM-e for treating sexual dysfunction
A) ginkgo biloba for treating dementia
What is the average length of time for the treatment of major depressive disorder with ECT? A) 2ñ4 weeks B) 15 weeks C) 20 weeks D) indefinite
A) 2ñ4 weeks
About what percentage of clients with unipolar depression receive treatment from a mental health professional each year? A) 50 percent B) 33 percent C) 75 percent D) almost all
A) 50 percent
Which of the following is an example of an aspect of psychodynamic therapy for depression? A) A therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in her past. B) Every time the client says anything a little positive to his therapist, the therapist smiles. C) The therapist questions a client about the frequency and nature of her daily activities, including those that give her pleasure. D) The therapist attacks the irrationality of a client's beliefs about himself.
A) A therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in her past.
Which one of the following statements is MOST consistent with the use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for depression? A) Accepting negative thoughts and working with them is preferable to rejecting them entirely. B) One must completely eliminate negative thoughts to recover from depression. C) Negative thoughts are valuable guides for behavior. D) The behavioral approach alone is preferable to cognitive interventions.
A) Accepting negative thoughts and working with them is preferable to rejecting them entirely.
Why is interpersonal psychotherapy considered to be a sociocultural approach? A) Depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role expectations. B) Depression is thought to result from individual pathology. C) Depression is thought to be best treated within the family and in the real world rather than in the clinic. D) Depression is thought to be best treated by use of a multidisciplinary treatment team.
A) Depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role expectations.
Vagus nerve stimulation is MOST similar to: A) ECT. B) taking an SSRI. C) MAO inhibitors. D) tricyclics.
A) ECT.
Which of the following is TRUE about research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy for treating unipolar depression? A) Research studies show its effectiveness. B) It is no more effective than placebo therapy. C) 80 to 90 precent of depressed people show almost total elimination of symptoms. D) Although people become less depressed, their thought patterns don't change.
A) Research studies show its effectiveness.
In which of the treatments for depression is a stimulating current sent through a patient's prefrontal cortex? A) TMS B) DBS C) both TMS and DBS D) neither TMS nor DBS
A) TMS
Which of the following would a psychodynamic therapist be MOST likely to say about studies regarding the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for depression? A) The therapy does not lend itself to empirical research. B) Therapists' reports of individual recovery and progress should be disregarded. C) The therapy is less effective than other methods. D) More empirical studies need to be done before drawing conclusions.
A) The therapy does not lend itself to empirical research.
Among the reasons cited for so many college students experiencing emotional problems are all of the following EXCEPT: A) a lack of sensitivity to the issue by admissions counselors. B) burnout from the competitive admissions process. C) excessive pressure to do well and get into a top college. D) psychiatric medication that allows more students with serious problems to go to college.
A) a lack of sensitivity to the issue by admissions counselors.
A clinician says at a workshop, ìI prefer the most recently developed antidepressant medications, because they're harder to overdose on, and they don't require dietary restrictions.î This statement is: A) accurate. B) partially accurate; they are harder to overdose on, but do require dietary restrictions. C) partially accurate; they are easier to overdose on, but do not require dietary restrictions. D) inaccurate.
A) accurate.
Second messengers are: A) active inside the neuron. B) the same as neurotransmitters. C) important in increasing the effectiveness of tricyclics. D) used by therapists when treating couples
A) active inside the neuron.
An individual receiving a treatment for depression is happier because of higher levels of norepinephrine in his or her brain. What treatment is this person MOST likely receiving? A) an MAO inhibitor B) ECT C) an SSRI D) a tricyclic
A) an MAO inhibitor
JosÈ is depressed. His therapist told him that reading a book each month would help. He should also visit friends, go bowling, do the laundry, mow the lawn, and eat meals with his wife. In short, he should increase his positive activity. His therapist MOST likely reflects the ______ orientation. A) behavioral B) psychodynamic C) humanistic D) interpersonal
A) behavioral
A therapist treating a patient for depression first finds out what activities the client once found pleasurable. These activities are then reintroduced into the patient's daily schedule. Which type of therapy is this therapist using? A) behavioral therapy B) humanistic therapy C) interpersonal therapy D) psychodynamic therapy
A) behavioral therapy
MAO inhibitors work by: A) blocking MAO from breaking down norepinephrine. B) raising the level of MAO. C) lowering the level of tyramine, found in cheese and wine. D) interacting with the production of amphetamines.
A) blocking MAO from breaking down norepinephrine.
In the bilateral ECT, the electrical current passes through: A) both sides of the brain. B) only the left side of the brain. C) only the right side of the brain. D) the brain and the spinal cord.
A) both sides of the brain.
Clients who test their assumptions about what is causing their depression are working in which phase of Beck's treatment program? A) changing primary attitudes B) challenging automatic thoughts C) identifying negative thinking and biases D) increasing activities and elevating mood
A) changing primary attitudes
ìI do not know why you think you are a terrible surgeon. You have not lost a patient during an operation in two years. No one else in the city has that kind of record.î Which of the following orientations is MOST likely to describe the therapist who made this statement? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) humanistic D) interpersonal
A) cognitive
According to research studies, the success rate for interpersonal therapy is about the same as that for: A) cognitive therapy. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) placebo therapy. D) no therapy.
A) cognitive therapy.
Which interpersonal problem area identified by interpersonal psychotherapists is MOST like the cause of depression suggested by psychoanalysis? A) interpersonal loss B) interpersonal deficits C) interpersonal role dispute D) interpersonal role transition
A) interpersonal loss
The nutraceutical SAM-e: A) is used in treating depression. B) has more severe side effects than traditional antidepressants. C) is much less expensive than pharmaceuticals. D) was tested first in the United States, then in Italy and other countries.
A) is used in treating depression.
White Americans receiving Medicaid are: A) more likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, but may be less likely to respond to the medication. B) more likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, and may be more likely to respond to the medication. C) less likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, and may be less likely to respond to the medication. D) less likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, but may be more likely to respond to the medication.
A) more likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, but may be less likely to respond to the medication.
Lithium appears to affect: A) neurons's second messengers. B) absorption of salt. C) brain seizure activity. D) reuptake of serotonin.
A) neurons's second messengers.
If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind, then suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using: A) psychodynamic therapy. B) cognitive therapy. C) behavioral therapy. D) sociocultural therapy.
A) psychodynamic therapy.
Which of the following is NOT a goal of the cultural-sensitive therapy movement? A) therapy for minority clients delivered exclusively by minority therapists B) an awareness of the impact of the dominant culture on the self-views of the minority client C) special cultural training for majority therapists D) efforts to help minority clients establish a bicultural balance in their lives
A) therapy for minority clients delivered exclusively by minority therapists
People who take MAO inhibitors and want to decrease the risk of negative side effects would make the greatest changes in which aspect of life? A) what they eat B) the type and amount of exercise they get C) their sex lives D) the amount of time they could spend in the sun
A) what they eat
When is couple therapy preferable to individual therapy? A) when relationship conflicts and role transitions are paramount B) when one person has a serious mental illness C) when medication has not been successful D) when there is a serious lack of extended familial support
A) when relationship conflicts and role transitions are paramount
Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment with: A) ECT. B) lithium. C) imipramine. D) tranquilizers.
B) lithium.
ìSecond-generationî antidepressant medications include: A) Selegiline and Nardil. B) Imipramine and Elavil. C) Anafranil and Eldepryl. D) Cymbalta and Prozac.
C) Anafranil and Eldepryl.
A woman who is in conflict with her husband over whether she should have a career or stay at home full-time to care for their children is experiencing: A) interpersonal loss. B) interpersonal role dispute. C) interpersonal role transition. D) interpersonal deficits.
B) interpersonal role dispute.
About what percentage of people receiving treatment for depression are in dysfunctional relationships? A) 25 percent B) 50 percent C) 75 percent D) 90 percent
B) 50 percent
Which of the following is a correct match of person and approach? A) Lewinsohn and psychodynamic therapy B) Beck and cognitive therapy C) Seligman and behavioral therapy D) Weissman and learned helplessness
B) Beck and cognitive therapy
Therapists who treat African American clients for depression need to be aware that their clients are: A) less likely to benefit from proper antidepressant medication. B) less likely to receive newer second-generation drugs. C) more likely to receive the newer, not well-tested drugs. D) more likely than European Americans to receive drug prescriptions on their first therapy.
B) less likely to receive newer second-generation drugs.
Which of the following is important in using contingency management effectively? A) Increase the total number of activities, both positive and negative, so the person can learn to tell the difference. B) Make sure that the person receives reinforcement for engaging in positive activities. C) Be sure the person receives feedback from a group regarding which activities are positive and which are negative. D) Develop ways for the person to express depressed feelings through journal writing.
B) Make sure that the person receives reinforcement for engaging in positive activities.
A person with bipolar disorder is taking a commonly used drug to stabilize mood in the manic episodes. What else might also happen as a result of taking this drug? A) Nothing muchóthe drug works specifically on manic episodes. B) The person might experience at least partial relief from depressive episodes. C) The person might experience an initial intensification of depressive episodes, followed by a return to the usual intensity. D) The person probably would develop unipolar depression.
B) The person might experience at least partial relief from depressive episodes.
How likely are Medicaid recipients to be prescribed antidepressant medication? A) White Americans more often than African Americans; African Americans more often than Hispanic Americans B) White Americans more often than Hispanic Americans; Hispanic Americans more often than African Americans C) about 40 percent likely; ethnic group makes no difference D) about 20 percent likely; ethnic group makes no difference
B) White Americans more often than Hispanic Americans; Hispanic Americans more often than African Americans
Today, electroconvulsive therapy: A) is more likely to involve the use of insulin than shock. B) also involves the use of muscle relaxants. C) is given without anesthetic to reduce memory loss. D) is more likely to involve bilateral shock.
B) also involves the use of muscle relaxants.
Increasing pleasant activities is MOST likely to be a part of a _______ therapy program. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) interpersonal D) psychoanalytic
B) behavioral
A therapist turns on a buzzer when a client speaks slowly and laboriously. She turns it off when the client speaks more rapidly. In other cases the therapist instructs the client's spouse to ignore his mate when she complains or acts in a self-deprecating manner. This is an example of: A) cognitive therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) humanistic therapy. D) psychodynamic therapy.
B) behavioral therapy.
Arron's persistent feelings of sadness and impending doom dominate his life. Every time he says anything even a little positive to his therapist, the therapist smiles. Otherwise the therapist has a stone face. This therapist is probably using some variation of: A) cognitive therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) psychoanalytic therapy. D) interpersonal psychotherapy.
B) behavioral therapy.
If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced nondepressive actions, and improved your social skills, your therapist would be using: A) psychodynamic therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) sociocultural therapy.
B) behavioral therapy.
The best evidence for the effectiveness of the psychodynamic approach comes from: A) work with seriously depressed people. B) case study reports. C) large-scale research projects conducted by the APA. D) situations when the childhood loss is less obvious.
B) case study reports.
A depressed individual receiving therapy is told that many, even most of the negative thoughts that an individual experiences and records, have no basis in fact. MOST likely, the therapist is: A) changing primary attitudes. B) challenging automatic thoughts. C) training the individual in dichotomous thinking. D) negatively reinforcing verbal avoidance responses.
B) challenging automatic thoughts.
A person experiencing unipolar depression writes the following in an activity schedule, ìGo to store; doctor's appointment; visit museum; read novel; clean room.î What treatment approach is this person MOST likely receiving? A) psychodynamic therapy B) cognitive therapy C) interpersonal therapy D) adjunctive therapy
B) cognitive therapy
In order to effectively reduce the chances of relapse of depressive symptoms, patients should: A) take a larger dose of tricyclics than necessary for relief of symptoms. B) continue to take tricyclics after they are symptom-free. C) gradually taper the dose of tricyclics once they are symptom-free. D) take MAO inhibitors along with tricyclics.
B) continue to take tricyclics after they are symptom-free.
There has been a significant increase in the number of physicians prescribing antidepressants in the past few decades: A) because the results of drug therapy are vastly superior to those of cognitive therapy. B) despite the success of cognitive therapy. C) even though behavior therapy shows better results. D) because successful drug therapy is only effective in the short term.
B) despite the success of cognitive therapy.
Which of the following treatments produces the fastest results in the biological treatment for unipolar depression? A) MAO inhibitors B) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) C) tricyclic antidepressant medication D) second-generation antidepressant drugs
B) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Lithium has been found to: A) be useful in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. B) enhance the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in unipolar depression. C) increase the effectiveness of drugs used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) be more effective in treating bipolar disorder when used in conjunction with ECT than when used alone.
B) enhance the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in unipolar depression.
Which of the following is the BEST example of interpersonal role transition? A) taking an important exam B) going away to college for the first time C) exploring the spiritual dimensions of one's life D) planting a garden
B) going away to college for the first time
Which of the following is an example of effective adjunctive therapy for bipolar disorder? A) electroconvulsive therapy B) individual or group therapy C) hospitalization of the patient D) Prozac in combination with lithium
B) individual or group therapy
A person who is recovering from depression continues to take tricyclic medication for several months after most symptoms are gone. This is called: A) maintenance therapy, but it is not necessary; once symptoms are gone, they tend not to reappear. B) maintenance therapy, and it is often necessary to keep symptoms from reappearing. C) placebo therapy, but it is not necessary; once symptoms are gone, they tend not to reappear. D) placebo therapy, and it is often necessary to keep symptoms from reappearing.
B) maintenance therapy, and it is often necessary to keep symptoms from reappearing.
ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has changed over the years. Patients given this treatment now may receive: A) higher levels of current. B) muscle relaxants. C) oxygen to prevent memory loss. D) insulin.
B) muscle relaxants.
Many of today's cognitive-behavioral therapists would agree that: A) Beck's approach to therapy should continue to be followed without modification. B) negative cognitions should be accepted, not necessarily eliminated. C) acceptance and commitment therapy is outdated and no longer useful. D) therapy needs to be individualized, not delivered in a group setting.
B) negative cognitions should be accepted, not necessarily eliminated.
A behavioral therapist is MOST likely to use which of the following in treating a patient with unipolar depression? A) electroconvulsive treatments B) praise for engaging in positive activities C) insight into the underlying problem D) identification of distorted thinking and negative biases
B) praise for engaging in positive activities
Which one of the following is MOST consistent with a contingency management approach? A) providing sympathy when the person talks about depressed feelings B) praising the person for engaging in nondepressive activities C) limiting the contact family members have with the person D) analyzing the person's irrational thoughts
B) praising the person for engaging in nondepressive activities
A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers that as a small child her patient had been left alone by her mother on several occasions, and concludes that the patient is experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is MOST likely from which orientation? A) cognitive B) psychodynamic C) behavioral D) humanistic
B) psychodynamic
Second-generation antidepressants: A) mimic MAO inhibitors and tricyclics. B) target specific neurotransmission reuptake. C) increase the sex drive of depressed people. D) are yet to be widely prescribed.
B) target specific neurotransmission reuptake.
Ugo Cerletti, the first psychiatrist to use ECT effectively, later abandoned the procedure, MOST likely because of: A) the advent of antipsychotic medications. B) the likelihood that convulsions caused by it would result in broken bones and dislocated joints. C) the trend toward using bilateral rather than unilateral shock. D) better results from using insulin.
B) the likelihood that convulsions caused by it would result in broken bones and dislocated joints.
Electroconvulsive therapy would be MOST recommended when: A) depression is mild to moderate. B) the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs. C) suicide is not judged to be a significant risk. D) the patient first comes to therapy.
B) the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs.
If a person taking lithium began experiencing nausea, vomiting, sluggishness, tremors, and seizures, one would suspect: A) the person was not experiencing bipolar disorder. B) the person was experiencing lithium intoxication. C) the dose was too low. D) the person needs adjunctive therapy.
B) the person was experiencing lithium intoxication.
Which of the following best represents how tricyclics work? A) tricyclic ingested, reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin blocked, larger amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, less neuronal firing. B) tricyclic ingested, smaller amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, normal amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, reuptake triggers more neuronal firing. C) tricyclic ingested, less neuronal firing, more norepinephrine and serotonin released, reuptake slows release of norepinephrine and serotonin. D) tricyclic ingested, norepinephrine and serotonin blocked, neurons cease firing briefly, neurons begin firing without norepinephrine and serotonin.
B) tricyclic ingested, smaller amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, normal amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, reuptake triggers more neuronal firing.
Researchers were searching for drugs to treat schizophrenia when they came across imipramine, which alleviated the symptoms of depression, although it was not effective against schizophrenia. It became the first of a class of drugs, all sharing a similar molecular structure, called: A) tyramine. B) tricyclics. C) neuroleptics. D) MAO inhibitors.
B) tricyclics.
At least ______ of manic patients treated with lithium improve. A) 25 percent B) 50 percent C) 60 percent D) 75 percent
C) 60 percent
Which of the following is the MOST important reason for the decline in the use of electroconvulsive therapy since the 1950s? A) It was shown not to be effective in cases of severe depression with delusions. B) It is too expensive and not covered by medical insurance. C) Antidepressant drugs were developed. D) Most memory loss appeared to be permanent.
C) Antidepressant drugs were developed.
______ is a treatment in which tiny holes are drilled into the skull through which electrodes are implanted into the brain. A) Vagus nerve stimulation B) Transcranial magnetic stimulation C) Deep brain stimulation D) ECT
C) Deep brain stimulation
Which of the following is NOT true about the use of ECT and drug therapies for treating depression? A) ECT works quicker than drug therapy in reducing depression. B) ECT works somewhat more effectively than drug therapy in treating depression. C) ECT is likely to be prescribed first, and if it doesn't work, then drugs are prescribed. D) ECT appears to be somewhat more successful in treating depressed people who are also suicidal.
C) ECT is likely to be prescribed first, and if it doesn't work, then drugs are prescribed.
Which of the following statements about psychodynamic therapy in treating unipolar depression is MOST accurate? A) Carefully controlled, multiple-participant studies validate the success of this therapy. B) Not even case studies support the effectiveness of this therapy. C) Long-term therapy is only occasionally helpful to those with unipolar depression. D) Short-term therapy is less effective than long-term therapy.
C) Long-term therapy is only occasionally helpful to those with unipolar depression.
If you had high blood pressure, you would want to be especially careful when using: A) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. B) tricyclics. C) MAO inhibitors. D) second-generation antidepressants.
C) MAO inhibitors.
Which one of the following is a likely reason for using adjunctive therapy to treat bipolar disorder? A) People stop taking lithium because they dislike the euphoria it causes. B) People stop taking lithium because they miss the depression. C) People stop taking lithium because they feel more productive and creative without taking it. D) People take overdoses of lithium because it makes them feel so good.
C) People stop taking lithium because they feel more productive and creative without taking it.
MAO inhibitors are biochemical agents that alleviate depressive symptoms in approximately half of the clinically depressed patients who take them. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs? A) They stimulate serotonin production. B) They block synapses that release norepinephrine. C) They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine. D) They raise the levels of monoamine oxidase in the brain.
C) They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine.
What is currently true about pharmaceutical companies regarding their ads for medications in the United States? A) They are only allowed to advertise to physicians and psychologists. B) They must detail all the major side effects and potential risks of the drugs in their ads. C) They must recommend that patients consult with their doctors about taking the drugs in their ads. D) They have not found direct ads to be effective in increasing sales.
C) They must recommend that patients consult with their doctors about taking the drugs in their ads.
Which of the following would a cognitive therapist be LEAST likely to say to you? A) Please prepare a detailed schedule of your activities for the week. B) Write down your automatic thoughts as they occur to you. C) Try to evaluate what happens to you in ìblack and whiteî terms. D) Let's do a little experiment to test that attitude.
C) Try to evaluate what happens to you in ìblack and whiteî terms.
What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically valid) about behavioral therapy for an adolescent experiencing depression? A) There is really no difference in treatment effectiveness among adults and adolescents. B) Avoid drug therapy because of the side effects for adolescents. C) Use a combination of drug therapy and cognitive therapy. D) Focus on the brain stimulation treatmentsóECT, in particular.
C) Use a combination of drug therapy and cognitive therapy.
Current research regarding the effectiveness of behavioral therapy for depression is MOST consistent with which of the following statements? A) Therapy is most effective when techniques are used one at a time, in isolation. B) Increasing one's positive activities is more effective than just keeping track of them. C) Using a combination of behavioral techniques works better than using just one. D) Behavior therapists usually reject the addition of cognitive techniques to their therapy.
C) Using a combination of behavioral techniques works better than using just one.
Which of the following is the BEST example of the therapy technique known as behavioral activation? A) systematically ignoring the patient's depressive behavior B) asking patients to say whatever comes into their minds C) adding positive activities to the patient's life D) asking family members to help reinforce the patient's positive behavior
C) adding positive activities to the patient's life
The combination of lithium and psychotherapy is better than lithium treatment alone. This therapeutic addition is called: A) conjoint ego analysis. B) sociodynamic training. C) adjunctive psychotherapy. D) chemo-behavioral treatment.
C) adjunctive psychotherapy.
Which of the following is MOST likely to elevate the mood in a depressed person? A) inhibition of serotonin synthesis B) a decrease in the levels of serotonin C) an increase in the levels of norepinephrine D) blocking synaptic transmission at norepinephrine synapses
C) an increase in the levels of norepinephrine
Focusing on the addition of positive activities to a depressed patient's life is a behavioral technique known as: A) behavioral contingency management. B) behavioral cognition. C) behavioral activation. D) behavioral confrontation.
C) behavioral activation.
The mechanism of action of imipramine is to: A) destroy monoamine oxidase. B) mimic the action of norepinephrine and serotonin. C) block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. D) block the receptor sites for norepinephrine and serotonin on the postsynaptic neuron.
C) block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
If your therapist concentrated on helping you recognize and change negative thoughts and thus improve your mood, your therapist would be using: A) psychodynamic therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) sociocultural therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
Which of the following is NOT a part of Beck's cognitive therapy for unipolar depression? A) encouraging people to become more active and confident B) education about what automatic thoughts are C) discussion with family members about their maladaptive thoughts D) prompting people to test their attitudes and thoughts
C) discussion with family members about their maladaptive thoughts
The best treatment recommendation you could give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is: A) complex, due to conflicting experimental results. B) broad; a number of different therapies work equally well. C) drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy. D) no therapy has been shown to be effective.
C) drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy.
Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all wrong, with nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of Beck's treatment for depression? A) increasing activities and elevating mood B) challenging automatic thoughts C) identifying negative thinking and biases D) changing primary attitudes
C) identifying negative thinking and biases
Tomas has withdrawn from most social contacts because he never seems to be able to say the right thing. He just doesn't seem to fit in. His comments are always misinterpreted. He feels alone and is depressed. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an: A) interpersonal loss. B) interpersonal role transition. C) interpersonal deficit. D) interpersonal role dispute.
C) interpersonal deficit.
Tony just does not feel close to anyone. He feels alone because although he can get to know someone (a woman) quite well on a friendship level, he doesn't know how to get beyond that to a more intimate level. This is depressing him. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an: A) interpersonal role transition. B) interpersonal loss. C) interpersonal deficit. D) interpersonal role dispute.
C) interpersonal deficit.
If your therapist encouraged you to explore your roles in life and how they might be changing, or how your expectations might be different from someone else's, your therapist would be using: A) cognitive therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) interpersonal therapy. D) psychodynamic therapy.
C) interpersonal therapy.
If you are a minority, you are: A) more likely to receive antidepressant medication. B) likely to receive therapy with a culturally sensitive focus. C) likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy. D) unlikely to be impacted by economic pressures and a minority identity.
C) likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy.
The ìincreasing activities and elevating moodî phase of Beck's treatment for depression: A) requires the use of antidepressant medication to be effective. B) is the phase most related to cognitions. C) makes the therapy cognitive-behavioral rather than purely cognitive. D) deals with the problem of dichotomous thinking.
C) makes the therapy cognitive-behavioral rather than purely cognitive.
One of the side effects of ECT is: A) mania. B) psychosis. C) memory loss. D) intensification of the depression.
C) memory loss.
Research now suggests that once someone has been successfully treated for depression he or she: A) can safely stop treatment. B) needs to begin drug treatment if it has not already been tried. C) needs some type of continuation or maintenance therapy. D) needs to follow up with the same type of therapy.
C) needs some type of continuation or maintenance therapy.
Which patient group was the first treated with ECT? A) manic patients B) phobic patients C) psychotic patients D) hysterical patients
C) psychotic patients
The contingency management approach is an example of the application of ______ to the treatment of depression. A) business principles B) role playing C) reinforcement D) imitation (modeling)
C) reinforcement
Interpersonal psychotherapists believe that therapy must address: A) maladaptive attitudes. B) ego-superego conflicts. C) role transitions in relationships. D) developing social skills to elicit reinforcement from others.
C) role transitions in relationships.
A person taking antidepressant medication is starting to gain weight, and reports decreasing interest in sexual activity. These changes are MOST common among people taking what kind of antidepressant medication? A) MAO inhibitors B) tricyclics C) second-generation antidepressants D) vagus nerve stimulators
C) second-generation antidepressants
Second-generation antidepressants appear to act by: A) destroying MAO. B) facilitating the reuptake process. C) selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin. D) blocking the reuptake processes of all neurotransmitters more completely.
C) selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin.
You would expect to see the biggest impact of lithium on which part of the neuron? A) the gap between neurons B) the firing of the sending neuron C) the firing of the receiving neuron D) the reception of the neurotransmitter by the receiving neuron
C) the firing of the receiving neuron
What do psychodynamic therapists believe is the cause of unipolar depression? A) repression of feelings of inadequacy B) a biological imbalance in neurotransmitters C) unconscious grieving over real or imagined loss D) projection of internal anxiety onto a loved object
C) unconscious grieving over real or imagined loss
Among the biological treatments for depression, the one that uses an implanted pulse generator is: A) ECT. B) deep brain stimulation. C) vagus nerve stimulation. D) TMS.
C) vagus nerve stimulation.
What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically valid) about behavioral therapy for someone experiencing depression? A) Only use it in cases of severe depression, where it is the best therapy there is. B) It is better than drug therapy for those with mild depression. C) It is equal in effectiveness to cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies. D) It is better than nothing, but that's about it.
D) It is better than nothing, but that's about it.
Studies show that individuals with severe depression who have not benefited from more conventional treatments are about how likely to improve from using vagus nerve stimulation? A) 10 percent B) 20 percent C) 30 percent D) 40 percent
D) 40 percent
Which one of the following is the BEST example of adjunctive therapy? A) A patient is taking a mood stabilizer along with an SSRI. B) The child of someone with unipolar depression is given a vaccine against depression (if such a vaccine existed). C) Both members of a couple are being treated for depression. D) A patient is receiving both drug therapy and interpersonal therapy with his or her family.
D) A patient is receiving both drug therapy and interpersonal therapy with his or her family.
Which of the following is TRUE about the research on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression? A) It is less effective than placebo treatments. B) The research has not provided consistent results on this issue. C) It is more effective in group than in individual therapy sessions. D) It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of cases.
D) It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of cases.
Which of the following is true about the research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating unipolar depression? A) It is less effective than placebo treatments. B) The research has not provided consistent results on this issue. C) It is more effective in group than in individual therapy sessions. D) It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of the cases.
D) It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of the cases.
Corrina took an antidepressant and then ate a meal. Shortly thereafter her blood pressure skyrocketed and she felt faint. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true? A) She took an overdose. B) She took a tricyclic antidepressant. C) She did not need the antidepressant. D) She ate something containing tyramine.
D) She ate something containing tyramine.
How do monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors work? A) They increase the levels of reserpine in the blood. B) They decrease supplies of serotonin in neurons. C) They decrease supplies of dopamine in neurons. D) They increase supplies of norepinephrine in neurons.
D) They increase supplies of norepinephrine in neurons.
What do ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have in common? A) They are used primarily to treat those with mild forms of depression. B) Despite early promise, they have proven not to be effective treatments for depression. C) They are usually tried before medications in order to prevent medication-induced side effects. D) They suggest that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression.
D) They suggest that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression.
If you are receiving therapy designed to teach you and your spouse specific communication and problem-solving skills, your therapist is practicing: A) premarital instructional therapy. B) psychoeducational therapy. C) role transition therapy. D) behavioral marital therapy.
D) behavioral marital therapy.
Apparently tricyclics work by: A) blocking the production of norepinephrine and serotonin. B) blocking the reuptake of the tricyclic by the neurotransmitter. C) blocking the ingestion of the tricyclic. D) blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
D) blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
If you were treated with ECT, you would experience a(n): A) reuptake of serotonin. B) insulin-induced coma. C) increase in energy and creativity. D) brain seizure.
D) brain seizure.
Outcome studies on treatments for depression, comparing drug treatments with cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies, show that: A) cognitive therapies work quicker, but must be combined with drug therapy over the long run. B) all are equally effective, both initially, and in preventing recurrences. C) all three are equally likely to be prescribed by physicians. D) cognitive therapies are better at preventing relapses unless the drug therapy is continued even after the patient has improved.
D) cognitive therapies are better at preventing relapses unless the drug therapy is continued even after the patient has improved.
Conclusions from extensive studies of the effectiveness of various forms of treatment for depression show that: A) no more than one or two treatments appears to be effective in the treatment of depression. B) no matter what other treatment is used, drug treatment is essential and should be tried first. C) all treatments are equally effective in treating depression. D) cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are the best, and about equally effective.
D) cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are the best, and about equally effective.
If the focus of your therapist is primarily on how communication and problem-solving difficulties with your partner are contributing to your depression, your therapist is using: A) cognitive therapy. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) interpersonal therapy. D) couple therapy.
D) couple therapy.
Compared to earlier antidepressant drugs, ìsecond-generationî antidepressant drugs: A) work faster and more effectively. B) work faster, but not more effectively. C) do not work faster, but do work more effectively. D) do not work either faster or more effectively.
D) do not work either faster or more effectively.
Typical consumers of nutraceuticals: A) understand the interaction between them and prescribed medications. B) learn about them from scientifically valid sources. C) discuss taking them with their physician before doing so. D) have easy access to a variety of products.
D) have easy access to a variety of products.
A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of: A) interpersonal loss. B) interpersonal role dispute. C) interpersonal role transition. D) interpersonal deficits.
D) interpersonal deficits.
St. John's wort: A) has been shown to be effective in treating severe depression. B) produces undesirable effects. C) is available with prescription. D) is inexpensive compared to pharmaceuticals.
D) is inexpensive compared to pharmaceuticals.
All of the following about lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder are true, EXCEPT that: A) it is highly effective at eliminating manic symptoms. B) it alleviates depressive symptoms, though to a lesser degree. C) it appears to help prevent relapse. D) it interferes with the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.
D) it interferes with the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.
What kind of unipolar depression is behavioral treatment MOST effective in treating? A) severe depression B) depression of sudden onset C) depression of gradual onset D) mild depression
D) mild depression
Recent research indicates that behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice only: A) for serious but not mild forms of depression. B) over drug and cognitive therapies. C) when interpersonal therapy is the only other alternative. D) over placebo treatment.
D) over placebo treatment.
Behaviorists would be MOST likely to say that depressed people must improve their social skills because: A) the performance of socially unacceptable behavior is irrational. B) it is important to reinforce the client's depressive behavior. C) depressed people may be experiencing interpersonal role transition. D) positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior.
D) positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior.
Free association, interpretation of associations, and dream interpretation are all techniques used primarily by: A) interpersonal therapists. B) cognitive therapists. C) couples therapists. D) psychodynamic therapists.
D) psychodynamic therapists.
Behavioral therapy for the treatment of unipolar depression may include: A) changing irrational thoughts. B) altering interpersonal deficits. C) uncovering conflicts over loss. D) reinforcing nondepressed behavior.
D) reinforcing nondepressed behavior.
The key to long-term treatment of depression is: A) family support. B) some sort of brain stimulation. C) cognitive therapy. D) some sort of maintenance therapy.
D) some sort of maintenance therapy.
The effects of lithium were discovered during the investigation of: A) a drug to treat tuberculosis. B) a drug to treat schizophrenia. C) the effects of camphor on psychosis. D) the effect of toxic levels of uric acid.
D) the effect of toxic levels of uric acid.
If you live in the United States, you can be assured that: A) dietary supplements receive the same scrutiny from the FDA as prescribed medication. B) the United States is the center for most of the research on dietary supplements. C) claims made about the effectiveness of dietary supplements are based on solid research. D) you will be exposed to advertisements from the multibillion-dollar dietary supplement industry.
D) you will be exposed to advertisements from the multibillion-dollar dietary supplement industry.
If a friend is considering nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression, your BEST advice would be: A) ìDon't: nutraceuticals don't work.î B) ìBlack cohosh should help with practically any kind of mood disorder.î C) ìMelatonin is effective only with severe depression.î D) ìSt. John's wort should only be used for mild or moderate cases of depression.î
D) ìSt. John's wort should only be used for mild or moderate cases of depression.î
Your BEST advice to a friend who is experiencing severe depression would be: A) ìTry behavior therapy; it's the best therapy for severe depression.î B) ìCouple therapy works better than other therapies if you're experiencing marital problems.î C) ìPsychodynamic therapy or behavior therapy should work better than anything else.î D) ìTry combining cognitive therapy with drug therapy.î
D) ìTry combining cognitive therapy with drug therapy.î