Test #3 POSI

What portion of all lobbying groups in Washington are business related?

2/3

What percentage of voters today cast a split ticket?

20%

Differences in which of the following are factors that influence voter participation?

Age Education Sense of duty

What is the term Darrell West uses to describes candidates' use of televised ads?

Air wars

A simple way to describe citizens' groups is that they are groups...

Anyone can join

According to the Center of Responsive Politics, which interest group spends the most money each year lobbying members of government?

Chamber of Commerce

The socialization process results in schemas or frames of reference, that...

Citizens use to evaluate issues and developments. Help forming a common cause.

They type of interest groups that addresses issues of concern to the general public and not just the groups members is called a(n) ____ interest group.

Citizens'

People who believe that citizens ought to participate in political affairs are likely to describe voting as an exercise in...

Civic duty

Over 70 percent of Americans' political participation via community activities takes place in which of the following?

Civic organizations Church-related groups School-related groups

What protest movement of the modern era has had the most lasting effect?

Civil rights

The incentives that most noneconomic groups offer include

Collective goods

Which of the following help interest groups participate more effectively in group politics?

Contacts Skills Money

One characteristic of political socialization is that it is its effects are...

Cumulative

Which of the following forms of political participation require citizens to spend a comparatively large amount of personal resources?

Demonstrating for political causes Volunteering in a political campaign

The Black Lives Matter movement has sought, primarily, to highlight...

Disparities in local officials' treatment of black and white citizens

Even if a third-party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate has still done which of the following to help the third party succeed?

Drawn attention to an issue previously ignored by the two major candidates Encouraged the major parties to address issues introduced by the third party

An organization that collects dues in exchange for providing exclusive, members-only benefits is an example of a(n) ____ interest group.

Economic

Compared to non-Hispanic white Americans, blacks and Hispanics are more likely to support which of the following programs?

Economic assistance programs Affirmative action

Interest groups tend to rely on the courts to advance their policy goals when they have...

Faced legislative hurdles A low chance of achieving their goals through elected officials

The most important minor parties in the 20th century have been ___ parties.

Factional

True or False: Both pluralists and their critics agree that interest groups have little influence over the government.

False

True or false: Local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of the political machines?

False

Which two political parities were competitive during the first party system?

Federalists Democratic-Republicans

Which of the following place limits on government officials' ability to govern according to public opinion?

Few people are well informed on public affairs. Many people support policies that are inconsistent with each other. Many people have opinions on issues they know little about.

To what extent does religious denomination affect party affiliation?

For many individuals, religion plays a significant role in their political opinions.

Trump-era congressional Republican opinion (and policy support) regarding what issue is particularly representative of how abrupt shifts in opinion can change the boundaries of acceptable action?

Free trade

To date, the internet has proven itself to be better than television as a medium for...

Fundraising Mobilizing supporters

Which of the following sum up the various functions of political consultants?

Gathering voter opinions Production of promotional materials Advising on how to run a successful campaign

Which two candidates for president lost in overwhelming landslides in part because they diverged to far from the middle of the ideological spectrum?

George McGovern Barry Goldwater

Super PACs are legally forbidden from which of the following?

Giving money directly to candidates Giving money directly to political parties

What type of workers make up an increasing share of union workers?

Government workers

In an iron triangle, ___ provide campaign contributions to ___ in order to gain their support for a particular policy proposal.

Groups; members of congress

The Tea Party movement did not support which of the following policies?

Higher taxes Government subsidies for health insurance

Which of the following are examples of the effect economic class has on political opinion?

Income levels affect Americans' opinions on some public policy issues. Welfare assistance was higher support among lower-income Americans than higher-income Americans.

A(n) ____ ____ is comprised of various actors that all have interest and expertise in a particular policy issue even though they may disagree on what the outcome should be.

Issue Network

Which of the following are true about political contributions called hard money?

It is money political parties give to candidates It is subject to legal limits It is money given directly to candidates It can be spent as the recipient chooses

How did the Supreme Court rule on the Indiana law requiring citizens to obtain a government-issued voter identification card in order to vote?

It upheld the Indiana law

Which political leader wrote that the government must dilute the influence of factions and interest groups by filtering their views through properly structured governing institutions?

James Madison

Support for poverty programs is highest among which religious denominations?

Jews Catholics

Generally, secondary agents of socialization are more important...

Later in life

Which of the following characteristics of political campaigns have undergone change?

Length of the campaign Amount of money required Focus on the campaign

Which of the following are ways in which members of congress benefit from ties to lobbyists?

Lobbyists provide information on a specific pieces of legislation Lobbyists identify bills that need their attention Lobbyists testify at committee hearings

The mass killings at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School resulted in which of the following?

March for Our Lives demonstrations National School Walkout Day

The difference in the age participation voters is more pronounced in...

Midterm congressional elections

Recent studies of party identification have concluded that it is....

More fluid

Which of the following states have closed/partially closed primaries?

Nevada Florida North Carolina

Which of the following states have 800 or more registered lobbyists within the state?

New York Texas California

___ refers to the selection of the individual who will run as the party's candidate in the general election.

Nomination

Political scientist Mancur Olson argues that small interest groups can be more powerful than larger groups as long as they are more...

Organized

Interests groups rely on what two main lobbying strategies?

Outside Lobbying Inside Lobbying

The groups and interests that support a political party are collectively referred to as a...

Party coalition

In a proportional representation system, which of the following is true?

Political parities win a number of seats in the legislature in rough proportion to the percentage of the vote each party receives

A reason political parties have emerged whenever democracy has been established is that...

Political parties provide individuals a way to join together in order to exercise their collective influence.

Populism

Political philosophy expressing support for greater economic equality and for traditional social values.

Economic Liberalism

Political philosophy that believes governments should aid those in need.

Economic conservatism

Political philosophy that believes that the free market should dictate the workings of the economy.

Libertarianism

Political philosophy that supports individual liberty in both social and economic areas of life.

The strongest ideological party in U.S. history was the...

Populist

Internet political participation peaks during which of the following?

Presidential elections

Which of the following contributed to the decline of the old system of party organizations?

Primary elections

Countries with multiparty systems tend to have what kind of electoral system?

Proportional representation system

Voting for a candidate's promises rather than his or her past actions is an example of what is called ___ voting.

Prospective

Outside lobbying is aimed at bringing ____ pressure to bear on policymakers.

Public

Which of the following tactics were used to disenfranchise blacks in the post-Civil War South despite the passage of the 15th Amendment?

Publicized lists of voters Literacy tests

Which of the following are part of the money of politics?

Pursuing wealthy patrons Raising funds

Which of the following are roles that national political parties have?

Raise money for congressional campaigns Seek media coverage of party positions and activities Raise money for presidential campaigns

Which of the following are ways that American children are taught patriotism in schools?

Reciting the Pledge of Allegiance Learning to admire the Founding Fathers

Capture theory argues that ___ sometimes focus more on the needs of industries than on the public interest.

Regulatory agencies

The national, state, and local organizations of the Republican and Democratic parties are...

Relatively independent; each level doesn't have control over others

The civil war triggered a party realignment. What were the two major parties following this realignment period?

Republican Democratic

Which of the following voting blocs was largely notable for its migration to the republican party during the 1980s?

Southern whites

During the 1930s the Democratic Party became the party of federal power rather than the ___ party

States' Rights

Many voters cast a ___, where they only vote for candidates of one party.

Straight ticket

Which of the following statements about political and community leaders are true?

Their influence depends on their standing with the public They influence on public opinion The president has the greatest influence on public opinion

Why do men and women differ in their political opinions?

Their political opinions reflect their gendered positions in society, which tend to differ.

Which of the following statements are true regarding U.S. elections?

They allow voters to choose party nominees They are held more frequently than in other countries

Which of the following are true of grassroots parties?

They are open to all citizens They operate at the local level

How do interest groups expand the range of issues that come to lawmakers' attention?

They focus on issues that may be controversial They focus on issues that may not have broad impact

Why do pollsters rely most on the scientific method of random sampling?

To ensure that everyone has an equal chance of being included in the sample

Which of the following are the chief targets of interest groups when they lobby the executive branch?

Top officials of federal agencies

True or False: Saliency refers to how important people think an issue is compared to other issues.

True

True or false: Rather than being the result of an abrupt shift in response to a single disruptive issue, realignments are cause by gradual changes in response to several issues.

True

True or false: The accuracy of a poll is reduced when respondents express an opinion on an issue even though they have not thought about the issue before.

True

Current election laws in the U.S. favor...

Two-Party system

The proportion of eligible adult citizens who actually vote in a given election is known as ___ ___

Voter turnout

The main opposition to the Democratic Party in the 1830s and 40s was the ___ party, which eventually died out.

Whig

Interest group

beneficial policy decisions

Congressional committee

budget support for a program

Members of Congress

electoral support

The fact that more white women than white men vote for the Democratic party is an example of a(n) ___ gap.

gender

A public opinion ____ is designed to estimate the views or sentiments of the public.

poll

Federal agency

support for their administrative programs

Which amendment to the Constitution granted women the right to vote in the U.S.?

19

Which definition refers to an interest group?

An organization seeking to influence government policy

The overlap between groups has ___ in America's residential neighborhoods and workplaces.

Diminished

Which president was elected under his promise that he would do something about the Great Depression?

FDR

Which of the following factors are said to adversely affect voter turnout in the U.S.?

Frequent elections voter registration laws

Which of the following led to the start of the political party realignment in the 1930s that worked to benefit of the democratic party?

Great Depression

One example of an environment interest group is...

Greenpeace

Which of the following has the lowest voting rates?

Independents

In general, protest activity is ___ common in the United States than in many Western democracies.

Less

What law did congress enact in 1993 that required states to allow people to register to vote when applying for a driver's license or public assistance?

Motor Voter Act

An interest group may form a(n) ___ ___ ___ whose main goal is to raise and spend money to influence the outcome of elections.

Political action committee

Interest group influence is particularly strong among ___ agencies that are responsible for overseeing the nation's business sectors.

Regulatory

Which of the following are private goods?

Retirement plan Jobs

___ error (accuracy of a poll) is expressed as a plus-or-minus percentage.

Sampling

Most citizens' groups are ___ interest groups because they focus on a specific issue, such as the environment.

Single-Issue

The tendency of people to pay more attention to issues highlighted in the media is an example of...

Socialization

To date, what is the most successful of the most recent political movements?

Tea Party

Which groups represents the largest agricultural interest group in the United States today?

The American Farm Bureau

More people in the United States participate in election campaigns than people in other countries do because...

The U.S. has more elected posts than other countries do

Which of the following statements is true regarding a single-member district electoral system?

The candidates with more votes than any opponent wins the election in the district.

What is the key to a poll's accuracy?

The size of the sample

True or false: According to political scientist Mancur Olson, interest groups with smaller memberships usually prevail because they are able to join together and pool resources.

True

____ are representatives who take their constituents' desires into account when taking positions on policy issues, but do not always do exactly as their constituents wish.

Trustees

Which of the following would be considered expressions of public opinion?

Turnout at a political rally Participating in a telephone poll concerning candidates for a national election Approval ratings for a city's mayor

Government agency

constituent service

Interest groups

electoral support to members of Congress

A person known as a(n) ___ rider derives a benefit without contributing to its achievement.

free