TEST FOR RELATIONS
Theories are developed to help us
describe, explain, and predict interactions.
One of the significant outcomes of World War I was the
increased nationalism and new states following the demise of three major European empires.
The realist perspective posits that
states exist in an anarchic international system.
What does Rousseau's story of the stag and the hare illustrate?
that states follow their short-term self-interests
Which of the following studies is an example of the behavioral approach to the study of international relations?
the Correlates of War project
One reason political scientists develop theories is to
understand the causes of events.
Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, Europe's five major powers
ushered in a period of relative peace in the international political system.
What is one reason that students of international relations should study history?
Core concepts in the field, such as sovereignty, were developed and shaped by historical events.
The ultimate failure of the League of Nations to accomplish its mandate can be attributed to which of the following factors?
The League lacked the needed political weight, legal instruments, and legitimacy.
Which of the following is true of the relationship between international relations and history?
They are so intertwined that there was no separate international relations subfield until the early twentieth century.
4. Which of the following is true of the Treaties of Westphalia?
They codified the rights of states to determine their own domestic policies after the Thirty Years' War.
Which of the following is true of constructivists?
They use discourse analysis to answer foundational questions in the study of international relations.
What was different between the Vietnam War and the war in Iraq that made a comparison between the two NOT a perfect application of history?
Unlike Vietnam, Iraq was a state with different ethnic and religious groups seeking different objectives.
Which of the following is true regarding the approaches to the study of international relations?
Using a multi-method approach can help us answer key questions in international relations.
As part of the nineteenth-century balance-of-power system in Europe,
alliances were formed to counteract potentially more powerful factions.
Philosopher Thomas Hobbes described what he calls the "state of nature." What does this concept illustrate?
anarchy
The idea that states will hesitate to start a war with an adversary whose power to fight and win wars is similar to their own underpins the concept of
balance of power.
Which approach to the study of international relations involves suggesting hypotheses about patterned interactions and empirically testing them?
behavioralism
Critiques of the behavioral approach argue that
behavioralism focuses too much on data, and different data may lead to different conclusions.
In the balance of power in Europe following the Napoleonic Wars, Russia played the role of ________ while Britain played the role of ________.
builder of alliances; balancer
Which theoretical perspective focuses on how social and cultural factors shape policy?
constructivism
in order to keep the balance of power in Europe following German unification, the European great powers
divided up Africa, giving Germany a sphere of influence on the continent to appease its great power aspirations.
The ancient Greek historian Thucydides used diplomatic history to
examine the causes of war.
The objective of the Correlates of War project was to
find patterns among a number of different wars.
The Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I
fueled German dissatisfaction by making the country pay the economic cost of the war.
Philosophers help us understand international relations by
highlighting relationships between individuals and society as well as between societies.
Constructivism argues that the key structures of the international system are dependent on
ideas.
________ refers to annexing distant territory and its inhabitants to an empire, and ________ refers to the settling of people from a home country among indigenous peoples of a distant territory.
imperialism; colonialism
Scottish economist Adam Smith posits that the wealth of states and of the international system is increased when
individuals are allowed to pursue their rational self-interests, unfettered by state regulation.
Using the comparative method, Aristotle concluded that states rise and fall because of
internal factors.
The comparative method of analysis
involves looking at both similarities and differences between states.
International relations
is the study of the behavior and interaction of actors.
Theorists who use alternative methods to study international relations contend that
it is important to study social and cultural factors.
Following the Treaties of Westphalia,
leaders in Europe began to establish permanent militaries.
Two principles that rose out of the American and French Revolutions and provided the foundation for politics in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are
legitimacy from the consent of the governed and nationalism.
The theoretical perspective most focused on the idea that human nature is basically good is
liberalism
The three most prominent theoretical approaches used to study international relations are
liberalism, realism, and constructivism.
The theory that addresses the ethical content of international affairs and explores what "should be" is known as ________ theory.
normative
The League of Nations was an international organization that was
not joined by the United States and Russia.
Posing foundational questions and seeking normative answers are characteristic of a ________ approach to the study of international relations.
philosophical
In Europe following the 1648 Treaties of Westphalia, in states in the west, such as England and France, ________ , while in states in the east, such as Prussia and Russia, ________.
private enterprise was encouraged; serfs remained on the land
As an approach to the study of international relations, historical analysis
provides useful background to many contemporary issues.
Which international relations perspective rose to dominance around the time of World War II?
realism
Which theoretical perspective might draw the lesson that had the United States used all its military might in Vietnam the outcome may have been different?
realism
________ posits that states define their interests in terms of power, while ________ argues that states' interests are malleable and ever-changing.
realism; constructivism
During the Cold War, ________ was the strategic idea to push the Soviet Union out of Eastern Europe and back to its own borders, and ________ was the strategic idea to protect the status quo from further Soviet expansion.
rollback; containment
Thucydides concluded that the underlying cause of the Peloponnesian War was
the changing distribution of power between Athens and Sparta.
Realism posits that ________ determines the structure of the international system.
the distribution of power among states
The most important outcome of World War II was
the emergence of two superpowers and the decline of Europe as the epicenter of world politics.
The concept of legitimacy, which emerged in the aftermath of the American and French revolutions, implies that political power ultimately rests with
the people.
Among the factors leading to an end to Europe's balance-of-power system under the Concert of Europe was
the solidification of previously flexible alliances between the European powers.
Which of the following methods are used in the behavioral approach to international relations?
the use of empirical methods
Postmodernists seek to find the voices of "the others" in international relations. Which of the following is an example of such voices?
the voices of the disenfranchised and marginalized
Saying that the international system is characterized by "anarchy" means
there is no international authority.
Pinker and Dempsey drew different conclusions on whether contemporary international relations is more peaceful than it was in the past because
they were examining different data.
When studying international relations, constructivists
trace the impact of ideas and cultural factors on shaping identities.
Unlike European states, the United States was not an imperial power and had no colonies.
F
Despite the fact that U.S. President Woodrow Wilson had been the principal architect of the League of Nations, the United States refused to join.
T
Realist and liberal theories argue that the key structures in the international system are material, while constructivists argue that they are social and dependent on ideas.
T
The behavioral approach to the study of international relations draws on the scientific method
T
The peacefulness witnessed during the Concert of Europe was surprising given that there were major economic, technological, and political changes in Europe during this period.
T
The postmodern approach to international relations calls for the inclusion of traditionally "voiceless" actors such as the women of the Greenham Common Peace Camp.
T
Which factor contributed to Napoleonic France's military victories?
The French army was united by passionate nationalism.
BEING sovereign entities means that states
are legally equal participants in the international system, regardless of size.
Which approach dominates the study of international relations today?
behavioralism
The behavioral revolution in American social sciences was spawned primarily by scholars'
belief that more scientific study of international relations would find underlying patterns of behavior.
Which theoretical perspective posits that states generally cooperate?
liberalism
The idea that basic concepts need to be deconstructed to find the hidden meanings underneath the surface in order to understand international relations is a characteristic of ________.
postmodernism
The authority of a state to govern matters within its own borders free from external interference is known as
sovereignty
All of the following actors affect international relations in important ways: heads of state, central governments, nongovernmental organizations, international organizations, and individuals.
true
Which country exerted control over Palestine post-World War I?
Britain
Why did the advent of the railroad begin to upset the balance of power in Europe?
It gave continental countries like Germany an enhanced level of strategic mobility equal to that of maritime powers such as Britain.
What political consequences did industrialization have?
It gave new power to the European middle classes.
Why is competition between theories important?
It helps us identify their strengths and weaknesses.
How did the League of Nations respond to Italy's invasion of Ethiopia?
It imposed sanctions, but those sanctions were not enforced.
Why is 1648, marked by the creation of the Treaties of Westphalia, a seminal year for scholars of international relations?
It marked a decrease of religious authority in Europe and the rise of secular authority in the form of sovereign states.
Which of the following is true of behavioralism?
It proposes that both individuals and groups act in patterned ways.
By the end of the nineteenth century, ________ and ________ were the only Asian countries not under direct European or U.S. influence.
Japan; Siam (Thailand)
________ is a group's identification with their common history, language, customs, and practices.
Nationalism
What is a problem that stems from using history to study contemporary state interactions?
One's theoretical orientation may determine one's interpretation of history.
Which of the following is true of the relationship between philosophy and the study of international relations?
Philosophy provides both substantive and methodological contributions to the study of international relations.
In the twenty-first century, what accurately describes the methods used by scholars of international relations?
Scholars use a mixed-methods approach.
Which of the following arguments might a postmodern theorist make about sovereignty?
Sovereignty has multiple meanings conditioned by time, place, and historical circumstance.
During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union supported opposing groups in wars in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
T
In a popular referendum in 2016, Great Britain voted in favor of leaving the European Union.
T
In addition to Germany, Japan and Italy also played a major role in the breakdown of interstate order in the 1930s.
T
In the early 1900s, Britain joined an alliance with Japan (a non-European power) against Russia (a European power).
T
Philosophy has made both substantive and methodological contributions to the study of international relations.
T
Which of the following political changes occurred in the years following the Napoleonic Wars?
Germany was formed out of fragments.
When Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany,
Germany's economy was in crisis.
Why, following World War II, did the Soviet Union use its newfound superpower status to solidify control over Eastern European states like Poland and Czechoslovakia?
It feared another invasion from the West and wanted a buffer zone of friendly nations to protect it.
Which factor contributed to the absence of major war on the continent under the Concert of Europe?
Colonialism allowed rivalries to be played out in distant places.
1. The 1648 Treaties of Westphalia are important because they marked the rise of religious authority uniting Europe.
F
By the end of the nineteenth century, China was the only Asian country that was not under direct European or U.S. influence.
F
Important questions of international relations today can be answered with exclusive reliance on the behavioral approach.
F
The Correlates of War project in the behavioral tradition has proven all of its hypotheses on the causes of war.
F
The Korean War in the 1950s was conducted by the United States without UN authorization because of the Soviet veto.
F
The goals of the United States in the Vietnam War and the 2003 Iraq War were the same, making the analogy between them an accurate one.
F
Today's key issues can be easily understood without any reference to history
F
Understanding behavior between states is the sole focus of the study of international relations
F
