Testout Chapter 4 (4.1-4.3 & some 4.4)

list some common networking devices used on an Ethernet:

NICs, hubs (obsolete), switches, and routers.

When terminated w/ an RJ45 connector on both ends w/ a rollover cable, the wires within the connectors are rolled over to the opposite connector as follows:

- Pin 1 is connected to Pin 8 - Pin 2 is connected to Pin 7 - P3 to P6 - P4 to P5

What are the 'Gigabit Ethernet' standards?

-1000BaseT -1000BaseCX (short copper) -1000BaseSX (short) -1000BaseLX (long)

What are the '10 Gigabit Ethernet' standards?

-10GBaseT -10GBaseSR/10GBaseSW -10GBaseLR/10GBaseLW. -10GBaseER/10GBaseEW

what is a rollover cable?

-a cable w/ an RJ45 connector on 1 end & an RS232 (serial) connector on the other end. -rollover cable might also have an RJ45 connector on both ends, requiring an adapter to convert from the RJ45 connector to the serial cable. When terminated w/ an RJ45 connector on both ends, the wires within the connectors are rolled over to the opposite connectors.

what are the general rules for crossover & straight through cables?

-as a general rule, use a crossover cable when connecting 2 like devices. -You would use a straight through cable when connecting different devices or port types.

what are the components of an Ethernet frame?

-preamble -destination address -source address -data -optional bits to pad the frame. -CRC helps verify that the frame contents have arrived uncorrupted.

When collision detection is turned off, the device operates in full-duplex mode. The device can now send and receive data at the same time. However, full-duplex devices require:

-requires full duplex capable NICs -requires switches w/ dedicated switch ports (a single device per port)

Ethernet supports what cable types?

-unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables w/ a RJ45 connector. -fiber optic cables, (used in high speed applications, servers & streaming data) -coaxial cables for older Ethernet implementations (often called your thinnet or thicknet networks).

list some times to use a crossover cable. then a time to use a straight-through cable.

-when crossover is not performed by either device, use crossover cable. -crossover is performed by both devices, use a crossover cable to perform the crossing 3 times. when crossover is performed by 1 device, use a straight through cable.

you would use a straight through cable when connecting the following devices:

-workstation to a regular port on a hub/switch -router to a reg port on a hub/switch -regular port on a hub/switch to an uplink port on a hub/switch

when would you use a crossover cable to connect devices?

-workstation to a workstation, router to a router, or workstation to a router (In a back to back config). -Uplink port on a hub/switch to an uplink port on a hub/switch. -Workstation/or a router to the uplink port on a hub/switch. -Hub/switch using a regular port to a hub or a switch using the regular port.

10 gigabit Ethernet operates in what only?

10 Gbps (full duplex only)

1000Base-CX uses what type of cable length specification?

1000BaseCX uses shielded twisted pair (STP) instead of UTP.

what is the maximum length for a 10BaseT cable?

100 meters

what is the maximum cable length of 100BaseTX?

100 meters for 100BaseTX

what is the max cable length for UTP Ethernet "T" implementations?

100 meters for all standards

what's the difference between 1000BaseCX & 10GBaseT

1000Base-CX is limited to 25 meter cable runs & 10GBase-T using CAT 6 cables is limited to short runs less than 100 meters in length.

What does the 1000Base-SX standard use, multi or single mode fiber?

1000Base-SX uses multimode fiber.

What does the 100Base-FX standard use, single or multi mode fiber?

100BaseFX uses multimode fiber.

What are the 'Fast Ethernet' standards?

100BaseTX & 100BaseFX.

Ethernet standards support a maximum number of how many hosts on a single sub net?

1024 hosts on a single sub net

What does the 10BASE-FL standard use, multi-mode fiber or single mode fiber?

10Base-FL uses multimode fiber.

What are the 'Ethernet' standards?

10BaseT & 10BaseFl

What does 10GBase-ER/EW uses what type of fiber standard?

10GBase-ER/EW uses single mode fiber.

What does 10GBase-SR/SW use?

10GBase-SR/SW uses multimode fiber.

what is the maximum cable length for 10BaseFL

1k-2k meters

Ethernet uses a contention-based media access method defined by the IEEE 802.3 standards called

Carrier Sense, Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD).

What do the letters F, S, & L designate within a transmission medium?

Designates the fiber speed.

what are 10GBase standards ending in W (e.g., 10GBaseSW) used for?

SONET implementations

What's the most popular networking architecture for LANs?

Ethernet

What does 1000BaseLX (long) use for its cable medium? max cable length?

Fiber optic. 550 meters - 5 KM.

Devices with collision detected turned off operate in what duplex mode?

Full-duplex

most modern switches uses what? what does that sense?

MOST of them use Auto-MDI/MDIX, which senses the cable type used and performs crossing (or not) based on the cable. in which case, don't need to be concerned w/ which cable to use.

The 10GBaseSR standard can also be used w/ what?

Optimical Multimode 4 (OM4) fiber, which increases the supported distance to 400 meters.

what is a SONET?

SONET is a wide area network technology that uses fiber optics to multiplex signals across a single wire. SONET can leverage these Ethernet standards to run over much longer distances, which is very useful when creating a WAN.

1000Base-LX can use either what?

Single mode or multimode fiber.

What does the 10GBase-LR/LW standard use, single or multi mode fiber

The 10GBase-LR/LW uses single mode fiber.

what cable type is used w/ 10BaseT?

Twisted pair (CAT 3, 4, or 5)

what cable type is used w/ 100BaseTX?

Twisted pair (CAT 5 or higher), uses 2 pairs of wires

what cable medium does 10GBaseT use? what's the max cable length for 10GBaseT?

Twisted pair (CAT 6 or 7), 100 meters

describe the 'preamble' within a frame.

a set of alternating 1 & 0s terminated by two ones (11) that mark it as a frame.

what is a frame?

a unit of data that's ready to be sent on the network medium.

what does ethernet over power line allow?

allows for network comms to be transmitted over existing AC power lines. an Ethernet over Power Line device is plugged into an AC power outlet. An Ethernet network cable is then plugged into the device Another Ethernet over Power Line device is connected to the same AC circuit. These devices multiplex the AC copper power lines to transmit digital network signals at a frequency higher than the AC electrical power already on the circuit.

what does Ethernet over HDMI allow?

allows network-enabled entertainment devices to share data through an HDMI Ethernet Channel (HEC) without additional Ethernet cables. typically done by connecting a single device, like a TV, to the network with an Ethernet cable. The TV then shares the network connection by using HDMI w/ any other entertainment device that has HEC functionality.

crossing is ___ performed within a hub or the switch between ports used for connecting devices to the hub or a switch

auto performed

How are Ethernet devices identified?

by using the MAC address, which is burned into the NIC. this is also called the physical address.

10Base2 & 10Base5 Ethernet implementations, both of which are older implementations, use what type of cable?

coaxial cable

what does a straight through cable do?

connects each wire to the same pin on each connector (pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, etc.) a straight through cable is used when the crossover is performed w/ a hub/switch.

what's the maximum transmission speed for full duplex devices?

double the rated bandwidth (20 Mbps for 10BaseT, 200 Mbps for 100BaseT, and etc).

What does 1000BaseSX (short) use for its cable medium? what's its max cable length?

fiber optic cable. 200-550 meters, depending on cable quality.

what is the cable type used for 10BaseFL? describe the 10BaseFL transmission speeds.

fiber optic. with 10BaseFL, transmission speeds are rather low, so even with a multi-mode fiber cable the transmission distance can be between 1000 and 2000 meters.

what cable type is used for 100BaseFX? what's the max cable length for 100BaseFX?

fiber optic. 412-2k meters

Devices with collision detection turned on operate in what type of duplex xmode?

half-duplex

devices connected to a hub must use what type of duplex communication?

half-duplex communication

describe the "destination address" within a frame

identifies the receiving host's MAC address.

describe the "source address" within a frame

identifies the sending host's MAC address.

what does a W in a fiber optic standard indicate?

indicates for Ethernet over SONET.

what does a crossover cable do?

matches the transmit (Tx) wires on 1 connector w/ the receive (Rx) wires on the other connector.

10GBaseSR/10GBaseSW uses what cable medium? max cable length?

multimode fiber optic (w/ OM3 fiber). 300 meters.

are uplink ports on hubs/switches crossed?

no they aren't crossed

What does Ethernet offer?

offers high performance at a low cost and is easy to install & manage.

When a device transmits in half duplex mode, the device can send or receive in what direction at a time?

one direction at a time

what topologies does Ethernet use?

physical bus, logical bus. physical star, logical bus. physical star, logical star.

how do you tell the difference between a crossover/straight through cable?

place the connectors side by side facing the same direction. if the wires are in the same order on both connectors, the cable is a straight through cable. if the wires are in a different order, the cable is a crossover cable.

Regardless of whether you're working w/ 10GBase-T or the 100Base-T, it's the same what cable distance?

same 100 meters cable distance

10GBaseLR/10GBaseLW uses what cable medium? max cable length?

single mode fiber optic. 10 KM.

10GBaseER/10GBaseEW uses what cable medium? max cable length?

single mode fiber optic. 40 KM.

What does 1000BaseCX (short copper) use for its cable medium? max length of wire?

special copper (150 ohm). typically max 25 meters, mainly used within wiring closets.

The letters S, L, and E also roughly indicate the supported what?

supported transmission distance. S for Short. L for long. E for extended.

what is the fault domain?

the location of a physical problem & is often manifested by identifying the boundary between communicating devices. i.e. when a cable break occurs, a given host might be able to communicate w/ some devices but not others. when you identify the fault domain, you identify the boundaries of communication & the most probable location of the physical problem.

Why was CAT5e developed?

the original cat5 cable specification published by the IEEE 802.3 committee supported GB Ethernet, but CAT 5 did not reliably perform at GB speed in the real world. so CAT 5e was developed to RELIABLY support GB Ethernet.

when connecting ethernet devices, it's important that the transmit wires (Tx) from one device are matched with the what?

the receive (Rx) wires on the other device.

Some hubs and switches include the letter X in the port labeling to identify what?

to identify ports that perform crossing.

NICs in workstations and routers send data on the what?

transmit pins and expect to receive data on the receive pins

what cable type does 1000BaseT?

twisted pair (CAT 5e or higher)

What's the most common transmission medium used for Ethernet?

unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables w/ a RJ45 connector.

what are the maximum half duplex transmission speeds?

up to the rated bandwidth (10 Mbps for 10BaseT, 100 Mbps for 100BaseT, and etc.)

when would you use a rollover cable?

when connecting the serial port on a workstation to the console connector on a router or switch. you would then run a terminal emulation program on the workstation to connect to the console of the router/switch to perform config & management tasks.

when is a crossover cable used?

when crossing is not performed automatically, or when crossover is being performed twice.

On some hubs and switches, the uplink port has a button or switch that lets you use it as a regular port (with crossing) or an uplink port (without crossing). On others, the uplink port is shared w/ one regular port. You can use either port, BUT

you CANNOT use both ports at the same time.