TFN: nursing theorists

What are the three major elements of Jean Watson's theory?

1. 10 Clinical Caritas Processes 2. Transpersonal Caring Relationship (TCR) 3. Caring Moment

Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing is made up of ____ related theories

3

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where performance considers consistency, predictability, and time management as essential components

Competent

The core of _______'s theory is to explain why people can be helped through nursing

Orem

T or F: According to Katie Eriksson, a person is an entity of body, soul and spirit

T

The __________________ develops through three principles: helicy, resonancy, and integrality

Unitary Human Being

Exploring the parts of the whole to understand the whole (by Levine)

Wholeness (Holism)

What are the 3 classifications of the Theory of Nursing Systems? (Orem)

Wholly compensatory system Partially compensatory system Supportive-educative system

Comes from the Latin word meaning "to keep together"

conservation

What are the Five Methods Nurses Use to Meet the Patient's Self-Care Needs according to Orem?

1. Acting for or doing for another 2. Guiding and Directing 3. Providing physical and psychological support 4. Providing and maintaining an environment that supports personal development 5. Teaching

___________________ is the process of change whereby the individual retains his integrity within the realities of his internal and external environment

Adaptation

Factors that affect the value of the therapeutic self-care demand or self-care agency of an individual

Basic Conditioning Factors

This type of self-care requisite is related to different stages in the human life cycle and might include events such as attending college marriage, retirement, adjusting to a new job, or adjusting to body changes

Developmental Self-Care Requisites

According to Levine, _____________ represents the person's effort to protect self-integrity

Disease

According to ___________________, nursing actions fall into one of three categories: wholly compensatory, partly compensatory, or supportive-educative system

Dorothea Orem

This theorist made the Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing

Dorothea Orem

___________________'s view of health is a state characterized by soundness or wholeness of developed human structures and of bodily and mental functioning

Dorothea Orem

___________________'s view of nursing is a therapeutic self-care designed to supplement self-care requisites

Dorothea Orem

___________________'s view of person is a total being with universal developmental, and health deviation needs who is capable of SELF-CARE

Dorothea Orem

___________________'s view of person is when a person is under the care of a nurse

Dorothea Orem

Constitutes the fundamental unit of both the living and the nonliving

Energy Field

T or F: Dorothea Orem believed that the person and the environment form a single unit and change together

F - Martha Rogers

T or F: Myra Levine view nursing that seeks to promote symphonic interaction between human and environmental fields, to strengthen the integrity of the human field and to direct and redirect patterning of the human and environmental fields for realization of maximum health potential

F - Martha Rogers

T or F: Patricia Benner view the environment as the context in which individuals live their lives and each individual has both internal and external environments

F - Myra Levine

A unifying concept and energy signifies the dynamic nature of fields

Field

This type of self-care requisite is required in conditions of illness or disease or may result form medical measures required to diagnose and correct the condition

Health Deviation Self-care Requisites

What are the 2 energy fields?

Human field Environment field

This is the foundational belief of the sanctity of life

Levine's Value System

According to ___________, human beings are dynamic energy fields, which are integrated with environmental energy fields.

Martha Rogers

Building Blocks of Unitary Human Beings belongs to ___________________

Martha Rogers

______________ view the person as an irreducible, irreversible, pandimensional, negentropic energy field identified by pattern

Martha Rogers

________________ uses the term passive health to symbolize wellness and the absence of disease and major illness

Martha Rogers

___________________ views environment as an irreducible, pandimensional energy field identified by pattern and manifesting characteristics different from those of the parts

Martha Rogers

According to __________, health and disease are patterns of adaptive changes

Myra Levine

This theorist view nursing as a human interaction

Myra Levine

This theorist view person as a "System of systems, and in its wholeness expresses the organization of all the contributing parts"

Myra Levine

This theorist view person as a holistic being; wholeness is integrity

Myra Levine

This theorist view person that has a sense of identity and self-worth

Myra Levine

The capacity to adapt to his or her environmental condition

Organismic Response

Refers to an infinite domain without limit

Pandimensionality

This classification of the theory of nursing system is when both the patient and the nurse participate in self-care activities, with the responsibility for care shifting from the nurse to the patient as the self-care demand changes

Partially compensatory system

The person requires a balance of energy and a constant renewal of energy to maintain life activities What conservation of principle is this? (by Levine)

Principle of Conservation of Energy

Encompasses the ideas of self-worth, identity, and respect What conservation of principle is this? (by Levine)

Principle of Conservation of Personal Integrity

Recognition of the holiness of each person What conservation of principle is this? (by Levine)

Principle of Conservation of Personal Integrity

Recognizes the sanctity of life that is manifest in all persons What conservation of principle is this? (by Levine)

Principle of Conservation of Personal Integrity

Reminds that life gains meaning through social communities and that the meaning of health is socially determined What conservation of principle is this? (by Levine)

Principle of Conservation of Social Integrity

Addresses healing as a process of restoring structural and functional integrity through conservation and defense of wholeness What conservation of principle is this? (by Levine)

Principle of Conservation of Structural Integrity

As a nurse even the smallest of our actions can make a difference, including the simplest of things such as spending time with our patients, and the way we speak to them. What Principle of Homeodynamic is this?

Principle of Helicy

Describes the unpredictable but continuous, nonlinear evolution of energy fields as evidenced by a spiral development that is a continuous, nonrepeating, and innovative patterning that reflects the nature of change. Any small change in any of the environmental fields causes a ripple effect, which creates larger changes in other fields. This explains the fact that many forces are mutually interacting and constantly evolving.

Principle of Helicy

As a nurse we share a connectedness with our patient, and we share the mutual simultaneous experience. Person and environment become one field. For example, meditation, music or humor can be used to produce a positive environment.

Principle of Integrality

Emphasizes the continuous mutual process of person and environment. Human and environmental energy fields are mutually and continuously changing. We affect our environment and our environment affects us

Principle of Integrality

Nurses might incorporate activities such as art and music to assist a patient who is ill in an attempt to help them adjust to change inflow. Furthermore, the use of touch, talking, or imagery can enhance well-being. What Principle of Homeodynamic is this?

Principle of Resonancy

The constant change in flow from a lower to higher frequency. It is a flow of energy between people and everything around them.

Principle of Resonancy

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where the performer in this stage perceives the situation as a whole

Proficient

This classification of the theory of nursing system is when the patient has the ability for self-care but requires assistance from the nurse in decision making, knowledge, or skill acquisition

Supportive-educative system

T or F: The Universe of Open Systems holds that energy fields are infinite, open, and integral with one another

T

T or F: The human and the environment are in a continuous process and are open systems

T

Postulates a way of perceiving unitary human beings and describe the nature and direction of change

The Principles of Homeodynamics

A theory that describes why and how people care for themselves and suggests that nursing is required in case of inability to perform self-care as a result of limitations

Theory of Self-Care

Explains that maturing or mature adults deliberately learn and perform actions to direct their survival, quality of life and well-being

Theory of Self-Care Deficit

Consists of all the care measures necessary to meet all of an individual's known self-care requisites

Therapeutic Self-care Demand

This type of self-care requisite is found in all human beings and are associated with life processes

Universal Self-care Requisites

This classification of the theory of the nursing system is when the patient is unable to perform any self-care activities and relies on the nurse to perform care.

Wholly compensatory system

Man is a unified whole possessing his won integrity and manifesting characteristics more than and different from the sum of his parts. a. energy field b. openness c. helicy d. pattern and organization e. sentient, thinking being

a

Man and environment are continuously exchanging matter and energy with one another. a. energy field b. openness c. helicy d. pattern and organization e. sentient, thinking being

b

The life process evolves irreversibly and unidirectionally along the space-time continuum. a. energy field b. openness c. helicy d. pattern and organization e. sentient, thinking being

c

Describes the way complex systems are able to continue to function even when severely challenged

conservation

What is the outcome of adaptation?

conservation

Pattern and organization identify the man and reflects his innovative wholeness a. energy field b. openness c. helicy d. pattern and organization e. sentient, thinking being

d

Man is characterized by the capacity for abstraction and imagery, language, thought, sensation and emotion a. energy field b. openness c. helicy d. pattern and organization e. sentient, thinking being

e

What are the 5 assumptions of Martha Rogers?

energy field openness helicy pattern and organization sentient, thinking being

This canon of nursing care consist of the type of food being taken by the patient

food

According to Myra Levine, the concept of ___________ implies wholeness and integrity

health

Refers to the oneness of the person

integrity

According to Levine, the goal of __________ is to promote adaptation and maintain wholeness

nursing

An abstraction; it reveals itself through manifestation

pattern

This identifies energy fields

pattern

____________ self-care requisite is also known as Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

universal

What are the 4 Levels of Organismic Response

• Fight or Flight • Inflammatory Response • Response to Stress • Sensory Response

This theorists' view of environment is composed of the External Environment (temperature, bedding, ventilation) and the Internal Environment (food, water, medications)

Florence Nightingale

This theorists' view of health is "being well and using every power that the person has to the fullest extent"

Florence Nightingale

This theorists' view of nursing is being responsible for someone else's health

Florence Nightingale

This theorists' view of nursing is the "Service to God in the relief of man"

Florence Nightingale

This theorists' view of nursing is to alter or manage the environment so as to put the patient in the best possible situation

Florence Nightingale

This theorists' view of person is a passive type of patient

Florence Nightingale

This theorists' view of person should holistically be seen by the nurse

Florence Nightingale

__________________ believed that disease is a reparative process that nature instituted when a person did not attend to health concerns

Florence Nightingale

It means that caring is an endeavor to mediate faith, hopes, and love through tending, playing and learning

Caritas

Means love and charity, eros and agape are united, and caritas is by nature unconditional love

Caritas

What is the basic motive of caring?

Caritas

_____________ is the fundamental motive of caring science, also motive for all caring

Caritas

This is the "core" of nursing according to Jean Watson

Caritas Processes

This canon of nursing care is defined as talking to the patient but avoiding personal (about self) talks

Chattering hopes & advises

Characterizes the total caring reality and is based on cultural elements such as traditions, rituals and basic values

Caring Culture

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where newly graduated nurses belong

Advance Beginner

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where one can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance

Advance Beginner

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where one has sufficient experience to easily understand aspects of the situation

Advance Beginner

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where one is guided by rules and oriented by task completion

Advance Beginner

The concept used by Katie Ericksson instead of environment

Caring Culture

Characterized by intensity and vitality, and by warmth, closeness, rest, respect, honesty, and tolerance; and seen as the source of strength and meaning in caring

Caring communion

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where a sense of mastery is acquired through planning and predictability

Competent

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where an increased level of efficiency is evident

Competent

In which was did Florence Nightingale served?

Crimean War

According to _______________, prevention of disease can be achieved through: 1. Environmental Control 2. Social Responsibility

Florence Nightingale

Known as the Lady of the Lamp because she made ward rounds during the night, providing emotional comfort to the soliders during the Crimean War

Florence Nightingale

What theory states "Modify the Environment to Enhance Patient Recovery" and who made this theory?

Environmental Theory of Nursing by Florence Nightingale

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where one has an intuitive grasp of the problem without losing time considering a range of alternative diagnoses and solutions

Expert

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where the performer no longer relies on analytical principles like rules and guidelines

Expert

T or F: Jean Watson believed that healthy surroundings were necessary for proper nursing care.

F - Florence Nightingale

T or F: According to Myra Levine, a person is a unity of the mind-body-spirit-nature

F - Jean Watson

T or F: Martha Roger's view on nursing is a reciprocal transpersonal relationship in caring moments guided by carative factors and caritas processes

F - Jean Watson

T or F: According to Katie Eriksson, there are significant aspects that make up a person which are: the role of the situation, the role of the body, the role of personal concerns, and the role of temporality

F - Patricia Benner

T or F: Dorothea Orem believed that the environment is the "situation" because it suggests a social environment with social definition and meaning

F - Patricia Benner

T or F: According to Nightingale, when talking to a patient , as a nurse, you are allowed to talk about your personal experiences to give them inspiration

F - avoid personal (self) talks

T or F: The caritative caring ethics comprises the ethics of caring, the core of which is determined by the 10 carative factors

F - determined by the caritas motive

T or F: According to Jean Watson, caring is effectively demonstrated and practiced intrapersonally

F - interpersonally

T or F: Jean Watson stated that caring is more "curative" than is healthogenic

F - more "healthogenic" than is curative

T or F: Benner proposed nurses at higher levels could be classified as an advance beginner if they placed in an unfamiliar situation

F - novice

T or F: According to Florence Nightingale, a person explained as an active type of patient but patient preferences are still considered by the nurse

F - passive type of patient

T or F: dignity is a prerequisite of caritas

F - reconciliation

She is the mother of Modern Nursing

Florence Nightingale

This theorists' concept of environment emphasized that nursing was to "assist nature in healing the patient in a way that was consistent with the laws of nature."

Florence Nightingale

According to _________________, the environment is nonphysical

Jean Watson

This theorists' view of person is an embodied spirit

Jean Watson

This theorists' view on health is a harmony between the self and other, self and nature, and openness to increased possibility

Jean Watson

Which theorist proposed the 10 Carative Factors?

Jean Watson

Who believed that the nurse IS the environment?

Jean Watson

_________________ said that the practice of caring is central to nursing

Jean Watson

"The model does not consider caring as a soft nice thing for nurses to do or a nice way to be, in some romantic pre-modern sense. BUT, it posits caring knowledge and actions as a SERIOUS ontological, ethical, and pragmatic concern for the discipline" Which theorist said this? And what model is this theorist referring to?

Jean Watson Caritas Processes

According to __________, health implies being whole in body, soul, and spirit; wholeness and holiness

Katie Eriksson

According to ___________. the person is "the human being"

Katie Eriksson

According to this theorist, a person is fundamentally a religious being and dependent on communion

Katie Eriksson

This theorist believed that the environment is Ethos - originally refers to home, or to a place where human beings feel at home

Katie Eriksson

When was Florence Nightingale born which is also the International Nurses Day?

May 12 (1820)

Used the word "patient" rather than the word "client" to describe the recipient of care

Myra Levine

Nursing and medical students belong in this skill acquisition in nursing

Novice

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where one has difficulty discriminating between relevant and irrelevant aspects of a situation

Novice

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where one has no background experience of the situation in which he or she is involved

Novice

This canon of nursing care includes observing & recording anything about the patient

Observation of the sick

According to _____________, health is focused "on the lived experience of being healthy and ill"

Patricia Benner

This theorist defined health as what can be assessed, while well being is the human experience of health or wholeness.

Patricia Benner

This theorist introduced the "Skills Acquisition in Nursing: From Novice to Expert"

Patricia Benner

Viewed nursing practice as the care and study of the lived experience of health, illness, and disease and the relationships among these three elements

Patricia Benner

__________________ view of nursing is the "enabling condition of connection and concern"

Patricia Benner

This is a skill acquisition in nursing where the performer identifies the most significant aspects and has a better understanding of the situation based on background understanding

Proficient

T or F: In Transpersonal Caring Relationship (TCR), one of the factors is the nurse's moral commitment in protecting and enhancing human dignity as well as the deeper/higher self

T

T or F: In Transpersonal Caring Relationship (TCR), one of the factors is the nurses' caring consciousness and connection having the potential to heal since experience, perception, and intentional connection are taking place.

T

Contains the caring elements (faith, hope, love, tending, playing, and learning), involves the categories of infinity and eternity, and invites to deep communion

act of caring

_________________ is to connect with the spirit of the other through the processes of caring and healing and being in authentic relation, in the moment

Transpersonal Caring Relationship (TCR)

The ________________ is the art of making something very special out of something less special

act of caring

What carative factor corresponds with the Caritas process given?: Assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering "human care essentials", which potentiate alignment of mind-body-spirit and evolving spiritual emergence a. The assistance with the gratification of human needs b. Systematic use of creative problem-solving caring processes c. The promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning d. Allowance for existential phenomenological-spiritual forces

a

What carative factor corresponds with the Caritas process given?: Creatively using oneself and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process and engagement in the artistry of caring-healing practices a. Systematic use of creative problem-solving caring processes b. The promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning c. The formation of a humanistic altruistic system of values d. Instillation of faith-hope

a

What carative factor corresponds with the Caritas process given?: Cultivating one's own spiritual practices; deepening of self-awareness, going beyond the ego-self a. Cultivation of sensitivity of oneself and to others b. Development of helpingtrusting, human caring relation c. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings d. Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring processes

a

What carative factor corresponds with the Caritas process given?: Being authentically present and enabling, sustaining, and honoring in the deep belief system & subjective life world of oneself and the one being cared for a. Allowance for existentialphenomenological-spiritual forces b. Installation of faith-hope c. The assistance with the gratification of human needs d. The promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning

b

What carative factor corresponds with the Caritas process given?: Creating a healing environment at all levels (physical, nonphysical), the subtle environment of energy and consciousness whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and peace are potentiated a. Cultivation of sensitivity of oneself and to others b. The provision of a supportive, protective, and corrective mental, physical, societal and spiritual environment c. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings d. Development of helping-trusting, human caring relation

b

What carative factor corresponds with the Caritas process given?: Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship a. The promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning b. Development of helpingtrusting, human caring relation c. The provision of a supportive, protective, and corrective mental, physical, societal and spiritual environment d. Cultivation of sensitivity of oneself and to others

b

What carative factor corresponds with the Caritas process given?: Being present to, and supportive of, the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with a deeper spirit of oneself and the one being cared for a. The provision of a supportive, protective, and corrective mental, physical, societal and spiritual environment b. The assistance with the gratification of human needs c. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings d. Allowance for existentialphenomenological-spiritual forces

c

What carative factor corresponds with the Caritas process given?: Opening and attending to spiritual, mysterious, and unknown existential dimensions of life, death, suffering; "allowing for a miracle" a. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings b. Development of helping, trusting, human caring relation c. Allowance for existential phenomenological-spiritual forces d. Cultivation of sensitivity of oneself and to others

c

This is the moment when the nurse and another person come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created

caring moment

It means to cherish, to appreciate, and to give special attention. It conveys the concept of love.

caritas

What carative factor corresponds with the Caritas process given?: Engaging in a genuine teaching-learning experience within the context of a caring relationship, while attending to the whole person and subjective meaning; attempting to stay within the other's frame of reference a. The provision of a supportive, protective, and corrective mental, physical, societal and spiritual environment b. The assistance with the gratification of human needs c. Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring processes d. The promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning

d

What carative factor corresponds with the Caritas process given?: Practicing loving kindness and equanimity for oneself and other a. Installation of faith-hope b. Development of helpingtrusting, human caring relation c. Systematic use of creative problem-solving caring processes d. The formation of a humanisticaltruistic system of values

d

"client" comes from the Latin word for "_____________" "patient" comes from the Latin word for "_________________"

follower suffering

This canon of nursing care includes diet of the patient, meal schedule and its effect of the patient

food intake

According to Jean Watson, ________ is a subjective disharmony within the spheres of the person

illness

Refers to the act that occurs when the carer welcomes the patient to the caring communion

invitation

This canon of nursing care includes exposing the patient to sunlight

light

In order, what are the skills acquisition in nursing by Patricia Benner?

novice advance beginner competent proficient expert

This canon of nursing care is defined as keeping the patient clean at all times

personal cleanliness

This canon of nursing care is defined as the continuity of work

petty management

What are the 5 health of houses by nightingale?

pure air pure water efficient drainage cleanliness light

Refers to the drama of suffering

reconciliation

An ontological concept described as a human being's struggle between good and evil in a state of becoming

suffering