The Art of Public Speaking Key Terms Final Exam Part One

What is the definition of crescendo ending?

A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity.

What is the definition of dissolve ending?

A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement.

What is the definition of preliminary bibliography?

A list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic.

What is the definition of problem-solution order?

A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.

What is the definition of topical order?

A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.

What is the definition of spatial order?

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.

What is the definition of chronological order?

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.

What is the definition of causal order?

A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.

What is the definition of central idea?

A one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech.

What is the definition of rhetorical question?

A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud.

What is the definition of specific purpose?

A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.

What is the definition of positive nervousness?

Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation.

What is the definition of appreciative listening?

Listening for pleasure or enjoyment.

What is the definition of critical listening?

Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it.

What is the definition of empathic listening?

Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker.

What is the definition of comprehensive listening?

Listening to understand the message of a speaker.

What is the definition of visualization?

Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.

What is the definition of global plagiarism?

Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own.

What is the definition of patchwork plagiarism?

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own.

What is the definition of ethics?

The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.

What is the definition of general purpose?

The broad goal of a speech.

What is the definition of brief example?

A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.

What is the definition of example?

A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.

What is the definition of internal preview?

A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.

What is the definition of internal summary?

A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points.

What is the definition of preview statement?

A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body.

What is the definition of extended example?

A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

What is the definition of signpost?

A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.

What is the definition of connective?

A word or phrase that connects that ideas of a speech and indicates the relationships among them.

What is the definition of transition?

A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished the thought and is moving on to another.

What is the definition of hypothetical example?

An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.

What is the definition of research interview?

An interview conducted to gather information for a speech.

What is the definition of key-word outline?

An outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form.

What is the definition of stage fright?

Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.

What is the definition of incremental plagiarism?

Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people.

What is the definition of audience-centeredness?

Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.

What is the definition of plagiarism?

Presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own.

What is the definition of strategic organization?

Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.

What is the definition of peer testimony?

Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic.

What is the definition of expert testimony?

Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields.

What is the definition of credibility?

The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

What is the definition of goodwill?

The audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind.

What is the definition of ethnocentrism?

The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

What is the definition of spare "brain time"?

The difference between the rate at which most people talk (120 to 150 words a minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400 to 800 words a minute).

What is the definition of main points?

The major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two to five main points.

What is the definition of supporting materials?

The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.

What is the definition of frame of reference?

The sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference.

What is the definition of egocentrism?

The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being.

What is the definition of paraphrase?

To restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words.

What is the definition of residual message?

What a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech.