The Art of Public Speaking - Midterm 1

The order of main points that follows a directional pattern is callled

spatial order

Topic

the subject of a speech

People who listen effectively

Work at listening

A speaker is expected to behave ethically

all the time

Main points

the major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two to five main points

Signpost

A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas

Speech goals and values may differ legitimately from person to person. What is the public speaker's responsibility in assessing a speech topic for a given situation?

Ask as many questions about the topic and audience as possible.

In order to avoid plagiarism when using an Internet source to research your speech, you should record

The title of the Internet document, the author or organizational sponsorship of the Internet document, and the date the Internet document was last updated.

Brainstorming

a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas

What type of organizational pattern would you be using if you presented a speech in which the first main point covers those things that lead to diabetes and the second and final main point descrives the nature of the disease?

causal

Personal inventory, clustering, reference, and Internet searches for speech topics

require that you start brainstorming early in the preparation process

Global plagiarism

stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own

If you decide to use a chronological order of main points in your speech, you are using an arrangement based on a(n) __________ pattern.

time

Paraphrase

to restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words

At times we miss a speaker's main point because

we listen for too many details

If you use the views or ideas of others

you should verbally acknowledge all sources whether you quote or paraphrase them

Bronson has a terrible headache. During class, he completely misses the teacher's homework instructions. Which of the following elements caused the communication process to be a failure for Bronson?

Internal interference

The most important ancient work on public speaking still used today is

Aristotle's Rhetoric

Which of the following are guidelines for ethical speaking?

You should be fully prepared for the speech, your goals should be worthy, and you should act ethically all the time

Problem-solution order

a method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem

Topical order

a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

Spatial order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern

Chronological order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

Causal order

a method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship

Central idea

a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech

Specific purpose

a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech

Internal preview

a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

Internal summary

a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points

Manipulating statistics in making a speech is

a subtle form of dishonesty that is unethical

An experienced speaker views nervousness as

a way to generate mental vitality for a speech

Connective

a word or phrase that connecs the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them

Transition

a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

In the process of communication, interference is defined as

anything that impedes the communication of a message

Good listening skills

are important in order to evaluate the messages of others effectively, remain important in this information age in order to absorb information quickly and accurately, and are important in order to avoid repeating to others what you misunderstood someone say

Because main points are the central features of your speech, you should select them carefully, phrase them precisely , and

arrange them strategically

A speech about the causes and effects of earthquakes would most likely be organized in __________ order.

causal

The kind of listening used to understand the message of a speaker is called

comprehensive listening

An effective specific purpose statement

contains wording giving the general purpose, states what the speaker wants to say, and states what the speaker wants the audience to know

An effective central idea is stated as a(n) __________ sentence.

declarative

You should avoid biased or abusive language in public speaking because it

defames, demeans and demoralizes, reinforces prejudicial attitudes, and can stereotype

In highly specialized technical fields such as engineering and mathematics

employers rank very highly the ability to communicate technical knowledge

Believing that your own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures is called

ethnocentrism

Good listeners

evaluate what they hear and assess evidence and reasoning

Incremental plagiarism

failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

The broad goal of a speech is called its

general purpose

Active listeners

give the speaker their undivided attention, do not prejudge the speaker, and do not allow themselves to be distracted

When the speaker wants to let the audience know what topic will be discussed next in the speech, what type of connective would likely be used?

internal preview

A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points is called a(n)

internal summary

Strategic organization

putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience

Public speakers who do not consider cultural differences before speaking

run the risk of alienating their audience

A speaker who combines two ideas into one main point is not following the guidelines for keeping main points

separate

When you are giving a speech and say, "My first point is," which of the following are you using?

signpost

A listener has a responsibility to encourage the speaker by

sitting in an attentive posture, maintaining consistent eye contact with the speaker, and showing support with appropriate facial expressions.

The central idea

sometimes becomes apparent after you have done your research, reveals more about the speech content than th specific purpose does, and sharpens the focus of the specific purpose

Ethical decisions

sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines

If you are giving a speech whose specific purpose is "to inform my audience how to travel from region to region," which organizational pattern would you likely use?

spatial

Patchwork plagiarism

stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own

The most effective speech topics can be generated from

subjects that the speaker wants to know more about

Ethics

the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

General purpose

the broad goal of a speech

Bill of Rights

the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution

Supporting material

the materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony

The channel in the process of communication is defined as

the means by which a message is communicated

In the process of communication, feedback is defined as

the message that is sent back to the speaker

Typically, speech topics are determined by

the speaker's qualifications, the occasion, and the audience

In public speaking preparation, which of the following is generally not a matter of ethical consideration?

the speaker's voice

A single infinitive phrase expressing exactly what the speaker wishes to accomplish in her/his speech is called

the specific purpose

In the process of communication, situation is defined as

the time and place in which speech communication takes place

Name-calling

the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups

Patchwork plagiarism occurs when a speaker

ties together words and ideas from several sources without citation

A speech about the 4 major factors to consider when choosing a cell phone would most likely be arranged in __________ order.

topical

Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech that describes the events in a gymnastics competition?

topical

Words or phrases that join one thought to another and indicate the relationship betweent them are called __________.

transitions

Which of the following concern the idea of suspending judgement when listening?

trying to understand the speaker's ideas, assessing the speaker's reasoning, and examining the speaker's evidence

Which of the following are the best ways to avoid global plagiarism?

using and citing more than one source in your speech and avoiding waiting until the last minute to research and prepare your speech

Examples of incremental plagiarism include

using the exact words of others as your own and rephrasing the words of others without credition the sources

Which of the following are characteristics of plagiarism?

using wording from other sources as your own and presenting ideas from other sources as your own

In U.S. history, restricting free speech

was used to keep women from voting, was used to stop civil rights leaders, and was used to keep abolitionists from exposing the evils of slavery

It is difficult to resist distractions while listening because

we think so much faster than a speaker can talk

Residual message

what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech

How many main points should most speeches contain?

2 to 5

The oldest known handbook on effective speech was written 4,500 years ago in

Egypt

Which is not considered to be public speaking?

One on one conversations

Which of the following are some of the positive effects of stategic organization?

The audience believes the speaker is more confident, the audience better understands the speech, and the speaker has more confidence.

While working on the body of your speech, you realize that the process you have just discussed is complex, so you decide to review the steps of the process before going to your next point. What type of connective would you likely add?

internal summary

A central speech idea

is a concise statement of what you expect to say in a speech

An effective central idea

is not in the form of a question

An effectively communicated message

is one the speaker intends to communicate and is generated verbally and nonverbally

"The problem with obesity" is an effective central idea because

it is not written as a complete sentence and it does not reveal enough about content or general purpose

Effective note-takers tend to

listen for and record main points and evidence

Focusing on a person's unique accent or manner of speaking can cause a listener to

lose the point of the message, judge the speaker's intellect, and judge the speaker's message unfairly

Supporting materials should be well-organized and directly relevant to the __________ that they are supporting.

main points

When a set of main points follows a consistent pattern of wording throughout, it can be described as __________.

parallel

The problem-solution pattern of organization for ordering main points is primarily used for __________ speeches.

persuasive

Plagiarism

presenting another person's language or ideas as your own

A connective statement in the middle of a speech that explains what you are about to discuss is called an internal

preview

Ethical decisions are an important part of public speaking because

public speaking is a form of power and it can be abused

When deciding the order of main points in your speech you should consider 3 thing: your topic, your audience, and your

purpose