The Chemistry of life
Which colors of light are mainly absorbed or reflected by chlorophyll? Absorbed, Reflected A Blue and red Green and yellow B Green and yellow Blue and red C Yellow only Blue only D Blue only Green only
A Blue and red Green and yellow
Which combination measures the rate of photosynthesis? Direct measurement, Indirect measurement A Oxygen production Biomass increase B Carbon dioxide uptake Biomass decrease C Oxygen uptake Biomass increase D Carbon dioxide production Biomass decrease
A Oxygen production Biomass increase
Which enzyme is amylase? Source, Substrate, Product(s) A Pancreas, Starch, Maltose B Stomach, Protein, Peptides C Pancreas, Peptides, Amino acids D Small intestine, Maltose, Glucose
A Pancreas, Starch, Maltose
What is denaturation? A. A structural change of a protein that results in the loss of its biological properties B. A change in the genetic code of an organism C. A change in the amino acid sequence of a protein causing a disruption of its 3D shape D. The process by which amino acids are broken down and ammonia is released
A. A structural change of a protein that results in the loss of its biological properties
What makes gene transfer between species possible? A. All species use the same genetic code B. All species have the same genetic material C. All species produce the same polypeptides D. All species transcribe genes using plasmids
A. All species use the same genetic code
What principle is necessary to preserve the sequence of DNA during replication? A. Base pairing is complementary B. One gene codes for one polypeptide C. Substrates are specific to enzymes D. The genetic code is universal
A. Base pairing is complementary
Which molecule is a polysaccharide? A. Cellulose B. Fructose C. Maltose D. Sucrose
A. Cellulose
The most abundant structural protein in the human body is found in ligaments and skin. What is the name of this protein? A. Collagen B. Hemoglobin C. Myoglobin D. Immunoglobulin
A. Collagen
What process occurs when fatty acids combine with glycerol to make a triglyceride? A. Condensation B. Decarboxylation C. Denaturation D. Hydrolysis
A. Condensation
What is chemiosmosis? A. Coupling of ATP synthesis to the electron transport and proton movement B. Phosphorylation of glucose in the mitochondrial matrix C. H^+ ions moving down a concentration gradient into the mitochondrial matrix D. Activation of ATPase in order to synthesize ATP
A. Coupling of ATP synthesis to the electron transport and proton movement
What is light energy used for in photosynthesis? A. Formation of hydrogen and oxygen B. Formation of carbon dioxide only C. Formation of ATP and glucose D. Formation of oxygen only
A. Formation of hydrogen and oxygen
What is the role of sulfur in living organisms? A. Formation of protein B. Formation of carbohydrates C. Formation of teeth D. Transmission of nerve impulses
A. Formation of protein
What happens during the pathway of glycolysis? A. Glucose is broken down into pyrovate B. Carbon dioxide is produced C. More ATP is consumed than is produced D. Lactic acid is produced
A. Glucose is broken down into pyrovate
What property of water makes it a good evaporative coolant? A. High latent heat of evaporation B. Relative low boiling point C. Volatility D. Transparency
A. High latent heat of evaporation
What causes water to have a relatively high boiling point? A. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules B. Hydrogen bonds between hydrogen and oxygen within water molecules C. Cohesion between water molecules and the container in which the water is boiled D. Covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen within water molecules
A. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules
Olive oil may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. What is/are the compound(s) responsible for the health benefits of olive oil? I. Cis unsaturated fatty acids II. Trans unsaturated fatty acids III. Saturated fatty acids A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
A. I only
What characteristic(s) of water allow(s) effective transport of nutrients around the body by blood? I. Solvent properties II. Thermal capacity III. Transparency A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
A. I only
Which of the following is a role of ATP in photosynthesis? A. It provides the energy to make carbohydrate molecules B. It splits water molecules to form oxygen and hydrogen C. It breaks down pyruvate into carbon dioxide D. It converts light energy into chemical energy
A. It provides the energy to make carbohydrate molecules
What is the difference between galactose and lactose? A. Lactose is a disaccharide and galactose is a monosaccharide B. Lactose is the product of anaerobic respiration in humans and galactose is the product of anaerobic respiration in yeast C. Lactose is an enzyme and galactose is a hormone D. Galactose is a sugar found in milk but lactose is not found in milk
A. Lactose is a disaccharide and galactose is a monosaccharide
Which sugars are both disaccharides? A. Maltose and lactose B. Lactose and fructose C. Fructose and galactose D. Galactose and maltose
A. Maltose and lactose
Which of the following chemical elements are part of biochemical molecules in living organisms? A. Nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and iron B. Lead, oxygen, carbon and phosphorus C. Helium, carbon, sulfur and nitrogen D. Silicon, helium, oxygen and iron
A. Nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and iron
For what purpose is the enzyme lactase useful? A. Production of lactose-free milk so that more people can consume dairy products B. As a dietary supplement to aim in protein digestion of milk C. For use in coagulating milk protein to make cheese D. To improve protein consumption in developing countries that lack milk
A. Production of lactose-free milk so that more people can consume dairy products
Which can be explained by the solvent properties of water? A. Sodium chloride is transported as Na+ and Cl- in blood. B. Movement of water occurs under tension in the xylem. C. Water is the coolant in sweat. D. Ice floats on liquid water.
A. Sodium chloride is transported as Na+ and Cl- in blood.
Where in the cell does the Calvin cycle take place? A. Stroma of chloroplast B. Mitochondrial matrix C. Cytoplasm D. Inside thylakoid
A. Stroma of chloroplast
What is involved during oxidation? A. The loss of electrons B. The gain of electrons C. The gain of hydrogen D. The loss of oxygen
A. The loss of electrons
What is an active site? A. The part of an enzyme that binds only to the product molecules. B. The sequence of amino acids responsible for the catalytic activity of enzymes. C. The sequence of amino acids responsible for the structure of an enzyme. D. The specific area responsible for the activity of all proteins.
A. The part of an enzyme that binds only to the product molecules.
When substrate concentration increases, in a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme, why does the rate of reaction increase? A. The substrate molecules collide more frequently with the active site B. There are more active sites to catalyze the reaction C. The substrate molecules are moving faster D. There are more substrate molecules to catalyse the reaction
A. The substrate molecules collide more frequently with the active site
Why is light important in photosynthesis? A. To produce ATP and split water molecules B. To produce ADP needed to fix carbon dioxide C. To activate the enzymes that fix carbon dioxide D. To activate carbon dioxide molecules
A. To produce ATP and split water molecules
What is the role of NADH + H^+ in aerobic cell respiration? A. To transfer hydrogen to the electron transport chain B. To reduce intermediates in the Krebs cycle C. To accept electrons from the electron transport chain D. To combine with oxygen to produce water
A. To transfer hydrogen to the electron transport chain
What happens during glycolysis for one molecule of glucose? A. Two pyruvates are formed. B. There is a net gain of two NADPH + H+. C. There is a net loss of two ATP. D. Two acetyl CoA are formed.
A. Two pyruvates are formed.
Water shows strong cohesive properties. Which of the following can occur because of the cohesive properties of water? A. Water can be pulled up a plant through the xylem. B. Enzymes can react with their substrates in cells. C. Sweating cools the body on a hot day. D. Salt can dissolve in sea water.
A. Water can be pulled up a plant through the xylem.
Which nucleic acids are directly involved in transcription? A. mRNA and one DNA strand B. mRNA and both DNA strands C. tRNA and both DNA strands D. tRNA and one DNA strand
A. mRNA and one DNA strand
Which of the following correctly show the process and location for pyruvate formation? Process, Location A Aerobic cell respiration, Cytoplasm B Respiration, Chloroplast C Photosynthesis, Cytoplasm D Photosynthesis, Chloroplast
B Respiration, Chloroplast
How many molecules of water are required to completely hydrolyse a polypeptide made up of 23 amino acids? A. 11 B. 22 C. 23 D. 44
B. 22
Molecules A and B are amino acids and C is a dipeptide. Which reaction represents a condensation reaction? A. A + B + H2O → C B. A + B → C + H2O C. C + H2O → A + B D. C → A + B + H2O
B. A + B → C + H2O
Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose? A. Anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell B. Aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell C. Glycolysis in a human liver cell D. The formation of lactic acid in a human muscle cell
B. Aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell
Why is sweat a good coolant for the body? A. The arterioles that transfer water to sweat move closer to the skin surface when it is hot B. Breaking H-bonds between water molecules in sweat requires energy from body heat C. Sweat contains minerals such as sodium chloride D. Sweat is non-polar
B. Breaking H-bonds between water molecules in sweat requires energy from body heat
What process forms triglycerides? A. Evaporation B. Condensation C. Hydrolysis D. Glycolysis
B. Condensation
What is used to reduce NADP in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? A. Conversion of ATP into ADP + Pi B. Electrons from Photosystem I C. Protons from the thylakoid space D. Oxygen released by photolysis of water
B. Electrons from Photosystem I
Which of the following could be a function of a membrane protein? A. Energy storage B. Enzymatic activity C. Oxygen uptake D. Thermal insulation
B. Enzymatic activity
What is required to replicate DNA? A. Temperature of 37ºC B. Free nucleotides carrying A, C, G and T bases C. Plasmids D. Endonucleases
B. Free nucleotides carrying A, C, G and T bases
Which molecule is a mono-saccharide? A. Maltose B. Fructose C. Starch D. Cellulose
B. Fructose
Which type of light is least useful for photosynthesis in terrestrial plants? A. Blue B. Green C. White D. Red
B. Green
What links the pairs of complementary bases in a DNA double helix? A. Covalent bonds B. Hydrogen bonds C. Ionic bonds D. Peptide bonds
B. Hydrogen bonds
How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured? I. By the amount of oxygen produced II. By the increase in biomass III. By the amount of carbon dioxide produced A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
B. I and II only
What will be produced during aerobic respiration? I. Water II. ATP III. Ethanol A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
B. I and II only
Which of the following factors influence(s) the rate of oxygen production in photosynthesis? I. Temperature II. Wavelength of light III. Number of mitochondria A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
B. I and II only
Which properties explain the ability of water to dissolve solutes? I. Polarity of water molecules II. High specific heat capacity of water III. Hydrogen bonding A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
B. I and III only
Which statements correctly explain properties of water? I. Water is a useful medium for metabolic reactions as many substances dissolve in water II. Water is useful as a coolant as it takes a small amount of heat energy to change its temperature III. Water molecules are cohesive which helps water transport in the roots and stems of plants A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
B. I and III only
It is possible to attach β-galactosidase to alginate beads for use in the production of lactose-free milk. What are enzymes that have been attached in this way called? A. Inhibited B. Immobilized C. Catalysed D. Activated
B. Immobilized
What is a role of cholesterol in animal cells? A. It increases body fat B. It controls membrane fluidity C. It lines the inner wall of capillaries D. It is a constituent of bile
B. It controls membrane fluidity
What property makes water an important coolant in the natural world? A. It is cohesive B. It requires much energy to evaporate C. It has a lower temperature than blood D. It has a low specific heat
B. It requires much energy to evaporate
What property of water makes it suitable as a coolant? A. It takes a lot of energy to increase the temperature of water. B. It takes a lot of energy for water to evaporate. C. Water molecules are cohesive and stick to the skin. D. Water is a good solvent so it can transport heat from the body.
B. It takes a lot of energy for water to evaporate.
Which variable has the least effect on enzyme activity? A. Temperature B. Light intensity C. pH D. Substrate concentration
B. Light intensity
What is reduced in Photosystem I? A. ADP B. NADP C. NAD D. FAD
B. NADP
What is the link reaction in aerobic respiration? A. Pyrovate is carboxylated, acetyl reacts with coenzyme A, reducing NADH + H^+ B. Pyrovate is decarboxylated, acetyl reacts with coenzyme A, forming NADH + H^+ C. Pyrovate reacts with coenzyme A, forming NADH + H^+ D. Pyrovate is decarboxylated, reacting with coenzyme A, reducing NADH + H^+
B. Pyrovate is decarboxylated, acetyl reacts with coenzyme A, forming NADH + H^+
Which chemical is produced during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans? A. Carbon dioxide B. Pyruvate C. Water D. Lactate
B. Pyruvate
In an experiment the effect of changing pH on an enzymatic reaction is tested. Which could be a dependent variable in this kind of experiment? A. Changing substrate concentration B. Rate of formation of product C. Variation in temperature D. Change in pH
B. Rate of formation of product
Which of these molecules is a disaccharide? A. Galactose B. Sucrose C. Cellulose D. Ribose
B. Sucrose
How can a change in pH stop an enzyme-catalysed reaction from occurring? A. Collisions between enzyme and substrate are prevented B. The structure of the enzyme is altered C. There is too much product produced D. The active site is blocked by the substrate
B. The structure of the enzyme is altered
Why does exposure to high temperatures cause an enzyme to lose its biological properties? A. The substrate blocks the active site at high temperatures B. The three dimensional structure of the enzyme becomes changed C. Chemical reactions cannot take place at high temperatures D. High temperatures increase the activation energy of reactions
B. The three dimensional structure of the enzyme becomes changed
Why does exposure to high temperatures cause an enzyme to lose its biological properties? A. The substrate blocks the active site at high temperatures. B. The three dimensional structure of the enzyme becomes changed. C. Chemical reactions cannot take place at high temperatures. D. High temperatures increase the activation energy of reactions.
B. The three dimensional structure of the enzyme becomes changed.
What is light used for in photosynthesis? A. To absorb carbon dioxide B. To split water molecules C. To oxidize organic compounds D. To make oxygen and hydrogen react
B. To split water molecules
During which process is messenger RNA (mRNA) formed? A. Translocation B. Transcription C. Translation D. Transmission
B. Transcription
What does the universal nature of the genetic code allow? A. Change of genetic code in the same species B. Transfer of genes between species C. Formation of clones D. Infection by bacteria
B. Transfer of genes between species
What happens for each glucose during glycolysis? A. Four ATP are used B. Two three-carbon compounds are formed C. Two NADPH + H+ are formed D. Two pyrovates are decarboxylated
B. Two three-carbon compounds are formed
Which of the following contains the element phosphorus? A. Amino acids B. Viruses C. Ribose D. Deoxyribose
B. Viruses
On which molecule is a codon found? A. Polypeptide B. mRNA C. tRNA D. rRNA
B. mRNA
If 15% of a sample of DNA is thymine, what percentage of the DNA is guanine? A. 15% B. 30% C. 35% D. It cannot be determined from the information given
C. 35%
If a polypeptide consists of 240 amino acids, what is the minimum number of nucleotides needed on the sense strand of a gene to code for it? A. 80 B. 240 C. 720 D. 1440
C. 720
Which of the following is the best definition of cell respiration? A. A process needed to use energy, in the form of ATP, to produce organic compounds B. A process used to provide oxygen to the atmosphere C. A controlled release of energy, in the form of ATP, from organic compounds in cells D. A controlled release of energy in the production of food from organic compounds
C. A controlled release of energy, in the form of ATP, from organic compounds in cells
What happens in both respiration and photosynthesis? A. Triose phosphates are decarboxylated. B. NADPH is produced. C. ATP is produced. D. Electrons pass through ATP synthase.
C. ATP is produced.
What is required for ATP synthesis in mitochondria? A. Active pumping of protons into the matrix B. Diffusion of protons out of the matrix C. Accumulation of protons in the intermembrane space D. Accumulation of protons in the matrix
C. Accumulation of protons in the intermembrane space
A short sequence of nucleotides reads GGACAGAGCGCAGACGA. In which type of molecule could this sequence be found? A. DNA molecule only B. RNA molecule only C. Both in a DNA and an RNA molecule D. In double-stranded DNA only
C. Both in a DNA and an RNA molecule
What is a difference between carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage? A. Carbohydrates are used for long term storage and lipids for short term storage B. Carbohydrates contain more energy per 100 g than lipids C. Carbohydrates are more easily transported to where energy is required than lipids D. Carbohydrates store food only in plants whereas lipids store food in plants and animals
C. Carbohydrates are more easily transported to where energy is required than lipids
Which gas produces most of the bubbles in bread dough? A. Oxygen B. Methane C. Carbon dioxide D. Water vapour
C. Carbon dioxide
Which molecules are mono-saccharides? A. Starch, glycogen, cellulose B. Sucrose, maltose, lactose C. Fructose, glucose, galactose D. Glucose, lactose, cellulose
C. Fructose, glucose, galactose
Which base is connected to its complementary base in a base pair by three hydrogen bonds? A. Uracil B. Thymine C. Guanine D. Adenine
C. Guanine
Which of the following statements is/are correct for DNA replicaton? I. It occurs during interphase II. It is semi-conservative III. It is a stage of protein synthesis A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. I, II and III
C. I and II only
What are necessary to make DNA replication semi-conservative? I. Separation of the strands by RNA polymerase II. Complementary base pairing III. Use of pre-existing strand as a template A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
C. II and III only
Which events take place in DNA replication? I. Formation of messenger RNA II. Unwinding of DNA double helix III. Formation of complementary strands by DNA polymerase A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
C. II and III only
Where in a eukaryotic cell does the Krebs cycle take place? A. In the cytoplasm B. Between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria C. In the matrix of the mitochondria D. On the surface of the cristae
C. In the matrix of the mitochondria
How can the activity of a human amylase enzyme be increased during a laboratory experiment? A. Adding sugar to the mixture B. Decreasing the pH from 7 to 3 C. Increasing the temperture from 20 ºC to 37 ºC D. Adding water to the mixture
C. Increasing the temperture from 20 ºC to 37 ºC
What is lactase used for? A. It is used to make sugar-free milk B. It hydrolyses lactose to glucose and fructose C. It improves the digestion of milk by some people D. It decreases the acidity of the milk
C. It improves the digestion of milk by some people
Which molecule is a disaccharide? A. Glucose B. Galactose C. Lactose D. Ribose
C. Lactose
Which molecule is found in both DNA and RNA? A. Ribose B. Uracil C. Phosphate D. Amino acid
C. Phosphate
During glycolysis a hexose sugar is broken down to two pyrovate molecules. What is the correct sequence of stages? A. Phosphorylation ➤ oxidation ➤ lysis B. Oxidation ➤ phosphorylation ➤ lysis C. Phosphorylation ➤ lysis ➤ oxidation D. Lysis ➤ oxidation ➤ phosphorylation
C. Phosphorylation ➤ lysis ➤ oxidation
Which substance in prokaryotes contains sulfur? A. DNA B. Phospholipids C. Proteins D. Antibiotics
C. Proteins
What process occurs during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? A. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere. B. Protons are pumped from the thylakoid space to the stroma. C. RuBP is carboxylated then regenerated in the Calvin cycle. D. Triose phosphate is converted to glycerate 3-phosphate.
C. RuBP is carboxylated then regenerated in the Calvin cycle.
What contributes to the structure of an enzyme? A. Sequence of bases linked by hydrogen bonds B. Sequence of substrates linked by condensation reactions C. Sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds D. Sequence of polypeptides linked by hydrolysis reactions
C. Sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
What is predicted by the induced-fit model? A. An inhibitor changes the shape of the active site B. The substrate shape exactly fits the active site C. The enzyme shape is changed by the substrate D. The substrate is an inhibitor of the active site
C. The enzyme shape is changed by the substrate
Which are functions of lipids? A. Hydrophilic solvent and energy storage B. Hydrophobic solvent and membrane potential C. Thermal insulation and energy storage D. Thermal insulation and hydrophilic solvent
C. Thermal insulation and energy storage
What is light energy used for during photosynthesis? A. To produce carbon dioxide B. To produce water molecules C. To produce ATP D. To break down sugar molecules
C. To produce ATP
How much energy is stored in 1 kg of body fat compared to 1 kg of glycogen? A. Half as much B. Same amount C. Twice as much D. One tenth as much
C. Twice as much
Blood is a water-based transport medium. Which property of water makes it a good transport medium? A. High specific heat B. Transparency C. Versatility as a solvent D. It has its greatest density at 4℃
C. Versatility as a solvent
How does chlorophyll respond to the red, green and blue wave length? Red, Green, Blue A Reflects Reflects Absorbs B Absorbs Reflects Reflects C Reflects Absorbs Reflects D Absorbs Reflects Absorbs
D Absorbs Reflects Absorbs
What usually distinguishes DNA from RNA? DNA, RNA A Strands are symmetrical Strands are antiparallel B Contains adenine Contains cytocine C Pentoses linked to phosphates Pentoses linked to bases D Double stranded Single stranded
D Double stranded Single stranded
Which sugars are examples of a monosaccharide and disaccharide? Monosaccharide, Disaccharide A Fructose, Galactose B Lactose, Maltose C Sucrose, Fructose D Galactose, Lactose
D Galactose, Lactose
The percentage of thymine in the DNA of an organism is approximately 30 %. What is the percentage of guanine? A. 70% B. 30% C. 40% D. 20%
D. 20%
Which process requires oxygen in aerobic cell respiration? A. Oxidation of triose phosphate B. Reduction of hydrogen carriers C. Maintaining an oxygen concentration gradient in mitochondria D. Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
D. Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
A polymer of alpha-D-glucose found in plants has mostly 1,4 linkages and some 1,6 linkages. Which molecule fits this description? A. Glycogen B. Cellulose C. Amylose D. Amylopectin
D. Amylopectin
What role does iron play in living organisms? A. As a component in nucleic acids B. As a component of lipids C. As a component of carbohydrates D. As a component of proteins
D. As a component of proteins
Which of the following is true about a polar amino acid and cellulose? A. Both are polysaccharides B. Both contain nitrogen C. Both are hydrophobic D. Both contain hydrogen atoms
D. Both contain hydrogen atoms
Which carbon compound produced by living organisms is inorganic? A. DNA B. Cellulose C. Glucose D. Carbon dioxide
D. Carbon dioxide
What is phosphorous used for in plant cells? A. Structure of hemoglobin B. Composition of long-term energy storage C. Positive charge of membranes D. Composition of nucleic acids
D. Composition of nucleic acids
Which of the following is a function of cellulose in plants? A. Storage of fat B. Formation of mitochondria C. Storage of energy D. Formation of cell walls
D. Formation of cell walls
What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication? A. Unwinding of DNA double helix B. Formation of messenger RNA C. Separation of DNA strands D. Formation of the complementary strand
D. Formation of the complementary strand
What is the correct sequence of chemicals produced in the anaerobic respiration pathway? A. Lactate - pyruvate - ethanol B. Ethanol - pyruvate - glucose C. Glucose - lactate - pyruvate D. Glucose - pyruvate - lactate
D. Glucose - pyruvate - lactate
Which substances are made during photosynthesis and store energy that can be used by cells? A. Carbon dioxide and glucose B. ATP and water C. Water and glucose D. Glucose and ATP
D. Glucose and ATP
Which of the following is part of the process of cellular respiration? A. Changes in the volume of the thoracic cavity B. Exchange of gases across the surface of the alveoli C. Exchange of gases across the surface of capillaries D. Glycolysis
D. Glycolysis
What chemical substances are used during the manufacture of organic molecules in photosynthesis? I. Hydrogen II. ATP III. Carbon dioxide A. I and III only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
D. I, II and III
The following processes occur in aerobic cellular respiration. I. Decarboxylation of pyruvate II. Diffusion of protons through ATP synthase III. Phosporylation of glucose Which is the correct sequence for these properties? A. I ➤ II ➤ III B. I ➤ III ➤ II C. II ➤ III ➤ I D. III ➤ I ➤ II
D. III ➤ I ➤ II
Which statement describes glycogen? A. It is a hormone involved in the control of blood glucose B. It is a component of the cell wall in plants C. It is a monosaccharide converted to pyruvate during cell respiration D. It is a polysaccharide found in animals
D. It is a polysaccharide found in animals
Why do leaves of plants look green? A. Most of the green light is absorbed by chlorophyll and most of the red and blue light is reflected. B. Most of the blue light is absorbed by chlorophyll and most of the red and green light is reflected. C. Most of the red light is absorbed by chlorophyll and most of the green and blue light is reflected. D. Most of the red and blue light is absorbed by chlorophyll and most of the green light is reflected.
D. Most of the red and blue light is absorbed by chlorophyll and most of the green light is reflected.
What are the most frequently occurring elements in living organisms? A. Calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium B. Calcium, sodium, nitrogen and phosphorus C. Carbon, phosphorus, oxygen and nitrogen D. Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
D. Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
What happens during translation? A. Copying of DNA to produce DNA B. Copying of DNA to produce mRNA C. Copying of DNA to produce tRNA D. Polypeptide synthesis
D. Polypeptide synthesis
Which chemicals are used for energy storage? A. Disaccharides and glycerol B. Polysaccharides and glycerol C. Monosaccharides and glycerides D. Polysaccharides and glycerides
D. Polysaccharides and glycerides
What substance is produced from glucose during anaerobic respiration in all organisms? A. Carbon dioxide B. Ethanol C. Lactate D. Pyruvate
D. Pyruvate
What happens in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? A. Splitting of water molecules B. ATP synthesis C. Reduction of NADP D. Reduction of CO2
D. Reduction of CO2
This is a sequence of nucleotides from a section of mRNA AUGAAACGCACGCAG From which DNA sequence has it been transcribed? A. ATGAAACGCACGCAG B. UACUUUGCGUGCGAC C. TACUUUGCGTGCGTC D. TACTTTGCGTGCGTC
D. TACTTTGCGTGCGTC
What happens to triose phosphate (TP) in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? A. TP is reduced to glycerate-3-phosphate (GP) B. TP is linked CO2 ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) C. TP is oxidized by NADPH + H+ D. TP is regenerated into ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
D. TP is regenerated into ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
Which is an effect of protein denaturation? A. The order of amino acids is changed when the protein overheats B. The bonds between amino acids are broken by condensation C. Parts of the protein become linked together by hydrolysis D. The three-dimensional structure of the protein is altered
D. The three-dimensional structure of the protein is altered
In a section of DNA separated during transcription, which complementary base pairing will occur on the antisense strand? A. Cytocine and adenine B. Adenine and thymine C. Thymine and uracil D. Uracil and adenine
D. Uracil and adenine
Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis. What is the source of this oxygen inside the plant? A. Air spaces in the leaf B. Carbon dioxide C. Glucose D. Water
D. Water
What is the source of the oxygen released into the atmosphere in photosynthesis? A. Glucose B. Carbon dioxide C. Chlorophyll D. Water
D. Water
Where are proteins synthesized by free ribosomes used? A. Outside the cell after secretion B. Within the nucleus C. Within the lysosomes D. Within the cytoplasm
D. Within the cytoplasm
What provides evidence for the universal nature of the genetic code? A. Uracil replaces thymine in RNA B. The amount of A is equal to the amount of T and the amount of G is equal to the amount of C C. Nucleic acids contain the same bases in all species D. mRNA codons are assigned to the same amino acids in different species
D. mRNA codons are assigned to the same amino acids in different species
