The Cold War

Loyalty Review Program Results?

14,000 subject to scrutinity 2,000 quit their jobs 212 were fired

What year did the soviet test it's first atomic weapon ?

1949

What happened during the Korean War?

1950-1953; the North Korean Communist army passed the 38th parallel and invaded the non-communist South Korea. United States came to help South Korea once Soviets armed them with tanks and overran them

What were the results of the Korean War?

40,000 Americans died, 100,000 wounded

What was the Long Telegram?

5,540 word message explaining his views of the Soviets; created by George Kennan

HUAC

A comittee formed in 1938 to investigate both Communist and Facist activities in the US Used to be a minor commitee till Hoover expanded it

Cuban Missile Crisis

A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the "hottest" periods of the cold war.

Who was Alger Hiss?

A diplomat who served in Roosevelt's Adminstration. Also he attended the Yalta Conference Accused of being a spy and he was He hid secret papers in his pumpkins (Pumpkins Papers) Convicted of Perjury

NATO

A millitary alliance formed with Western Europe and a mutual defense alliance. Consisted of 12 counteies when it first began

Warsaw Pact

A millitary alliance in Eastern Europe

Loyalty Review Program

A program established by Truman to screen all federal employees. This only scared people more More then 6 million people screened

Marshall Plan

A recovery program that would give Europeans nations American Aid to rebuild their economies.

Alliance for Progress

A series of cooperative aid projects with Latin America goverments propesed by Kennedy in order to improve relations between US and Latin America

How long was the Berlin Airlift?

About a year

Define the Cold War

After WWII when the US and Soviet Union started to become really hostile towards each other. Led to an era of confrontation and competition between the two nations that lasted from (1946-1990)

Sputnik

After the Soviets launched Sputnik (first ever sattilite) Khruschchev boasted that " we will bury capitilism.... your grandchildren will live under communism."

Look Over Iron Curtain Map

Be able to identify NATO nations, the Warsaw Pact nations and where the Iron Curtain is.

Potsdam Conference

Between Truman and Stalin near Berlin. Met to primilary work out the deal on Germany.

Fallout Shelters

Built by familes in their backyards to protect themselves from bombings and they stocked these fallout shelters with canned food.

What was the Soviets View from the Long Telegram?

Came from Russians sense of insecurity and fear of the West.

What does CIA stand for?

Central Intelligence Agency

Declaration of Liberated Europe

Declaration that asserted that "the right of the people choose the form of goverment under which they will live".

Election of 1960

John F. Kennedy vs. Richard Nixon

Who was Joseph McCarthy

Joseph Raymond "Joe" McCarthy was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957.HE GAIN POPULARITY AUICK BUT LOST IT AFTER ACCUSING PEOPLE IN THE ARMY OF BEING COMMUNIST

Berlin Wall

Kennedy and Khruschev meet to talk about a problem. Krus. wants to stop the flood of people going from Communist east Germany to West Berlin but Kennedy refused Krus. built a wall up- blocking movement for nearly 30 years. The wall was a visible symbol of the Cold War divisions

Kennedy and Latin America

Latin America society not good. Kennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus on Latin America .Helped keep existing gov in power and prevent communist movements from flourishing. Their on good terms

Who is Chiang Kai Shek?

Leader of China's Nationalist gov when communist forces drove it out of mainland in 1949

Who is Mao Zedong?

Leader of Communist revolutionaries and became ruler as leader of Chinese Communist Party. Mao Zedong led communist forces in China through a long revolution beginning in 1927 and ruled the nation's communist government from its establishment in 1949. Along with Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, Mao is considered one of the most significant communist figures of the Cold War.

How did the Bay of Pigs make US look?

Made them look weak, disorginzed and scared

The Rosenburgs

On this day in 1953, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were convicted of conspiring to pass U.S. atomic secrets to the Soviets, are executed at Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, New York. Both refused to admit any wrongdoing and proclaimed their innocence right up to the time of their deaths, by the electric chair. The Rosenbergs were the first U.S. citizens to be convicted and executed for espionage during peacetime and their case remains controversial to this day.

What were Red Channels ?

Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television was an anti-Communist tract published in the United States at the height of the Red Scare. Issued by the right-wing journal Counterattack on June 22, 1950, the pamphlet-style book

Truman Doctrine

When Truman asked congress for money for the goal of to aid free peoples who are resisiting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outisde ressures.

Communist Subversion

When communist tried to weaken the US secretly and overthrow its gov. This led to the search of spies escalating

Why was the Long Telegram created?

When the Soviets refused to cooperate an American Embassy in Moscow was told to take their behavior.

Space Race

When the soviets got the first astorunut and first satellite to go to space and US was worried that the soviets sucess in space might convince the world that communism was better then capitalism

What does SEATO stand for?

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

Suez Crisis

Suez Canal crisis definition. A major international incident that arose in 1956 from the decision by Gamal A. Nasser of Egypt to nationalize the Suez Canal, which long had been controlled by Great Britain.

What was the "Hollywood Ten"

Ten Screen Writers who used their 5th amendment rights to protect themsleves from self-incrimination and refused totestify People were saying that their was hollywood communist

"More Bang for the Buck" Meant?

That they could use the atomic bomb instead of supporting a expensive army and losing a lot of lives at the same time. The bomb would be cheaper, more effiecient, and quickest way. They would save money from doing this

Kennedy's "flexible response"

the buildup of conventitional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons

Containment of Communism in Turkey

US sending new aircraft carrier FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT to join MISSOURI in protecting Turkey and the eastern Mediteranean. US helped turkey resist soviet demands

Brinkmanship

the willingness to go to the brink of war to force the other side to back down Critics claimed this tatic to be too dangerous.

General MacArthur getting fired. What was that about?

truman did it, because MacArthur wanted to end communism for good by finshing off china while it was still weak. truman and his cronies were hold overs from the communist ridden roosevelt administration, and would not tolerate such actions

CIA

Eisnhenhower used the CIA to have hidden or covert operations. He had these operations to PREVENT UPRISINGS

Bay of Pigs

Fidel Castro overthrows Cuba's corrupt dictator Makes ties and works with the Soviets (Made the Soviets really close to US now) US feared soviets would use cuba as base (In order to spread revoultion in western hempishere) Esinehewer told CIA to secretly train exiles from Cuba Was to set off poupular uprising agaisnt Castro So 1,400 armed cuban landed at the BAy of Pigs on south coast of cuba but the coral reefs ran them aground Kennedy didnt run air support to keep US secretly out of it Bay of Pigs dark moment for Kennedy Adminstration

Guatemla (Covert Operations)

Following year of the Iran covert operation Jacob Guzman was elected Pres. of guatemla. He took alot of companies away even an American fruit own company with his new reforms. Czech delivered arms to Guatemla (1954). So CIA trained guatemlan oppisitions and trained and arm them at secret camps. They then invaded guatemla and Arbenz Guzman left office.

What does HUAC stand for?

House Un-American Activities Committee

What was "Duck and Cover"?

In case of a bombing people in the US learned drills to duck and cover under desks, tables, etc, turn away from windows, etc. They would duck down and cover up. Made Americans feel safe but really wouldnt protec them from nuclear radition

ICBMs

Intercontinental ballistic missile

Iran (Covert Operations)

Iranian Prime Minister ready to make deal with the Soviets. The pro American Shah tried to force Mossadegh out of office, but fled and exiled. Then the CIA sent agents to organize street riots and rebel in an uprising and retuened the Shah to power after kicking out Mossadegh.

Why was the Warsaw Pact established?

It was estavlished as a response to the creation of NATO

What does NATO stand for?

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Massive Retaliation

Nuclear Files: Key Issues: Nuclear Weapons: History: Cold War: Strategy: Massive Retaliation. Massive Retaliation was an all-or-nothing strategy. It was the threat to turn the Soviet Union into a smoking, radiating ruin at the end of two hours.

China's fall to communism

The Chinese Communist Revolution or The 1949 Revolution was the culmination of the Chinese Communist Party's drive to power since its founding in 1921 and the second part of Chinese Civil War (1946-1949).

Satellite Nations

The Communist countries of Eastern Europe Controlled by the Soviet (these countries had to stay friendly to the soviets)

Taiwan Crisis

The First Taiwan Strait Crisis (also called the 1954-1955 Taiwan Strait Crisis, the Formosa Crisis, the Offshore Islands Crisis or the 1955 Taiwan Strait Crisis) was a short armed conflict that took place between the governments of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC).

Why did the Korean War begin?

The Korean War (1950-1953) began when the North Korean Communist army crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded non-Communist South Korea. As Kim Il-sung's North Korean army, armed with Soviet tanks, quickly overran South Korea, the United States came to South Korea's aid.

The Berlin Airlift

The Soviets decided to cut off all road and rail traffic to West Berlin in hopes of kicking out the US or for them to reconsider their idea. This was a blockade So the US brought more then 2 million tons of siupplies to the city. (By planes)

Project Venona

The Venona project was a counter-intelligence program initiated by the United States Army Signal Intelligence Service (a forerunner of the National Security Agency) that lasted from 1943 to 1980.

Containment

The idea of the US keeping the Soviet Union from expanding power and they belived it be only a mteer of time before the Soviet system fall apart

Red Scare

US getting scared of communist spies Person came out of soviet embassy in Cnaada and turned out he had documents revealing their trying to infiltrate the US and Canada's goverment

Containment of Communism in Iran

US putting troops in Southern Iran . US sent the USS missiouri to the mediterean sea and this pressured the soviets forces to withdrew

Iron Curtain

The seperation of the Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the West.

Containment of Communism in Greece

Truman asked for 400 million from congrss to fight Communist agression in Turkey and Greece. Helped stabilize greek gov.

What was the Yalta Conference?

Yalta Conference was the second wartime meeting of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the conference, the three leaders agreed to demand Germany's unconditional surrender and began plans for a post-war world. Stalin also agreed to enter the asian war agianst Japan and let eastern europe countries have free elections

Millitary-Industrial Complex

an informal relationship that some people believed exists between the military and the defense industry to promote greater military spending and influence gov policy

SEATO

an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia; signed in September 1954 in the Philippines

Peace Corps

an organization that sent Americans to provide humanitrian services in less-developed nations (program that helped less developed nations fight poverty)

Civilian Defense Agency

set up bombs shelters in cities, made plans to assist survivors after attack