The Columbian Exchange
Describe the Columbian Exchange.
"The Columbian Exchange" is the sharing of cultures that transformed the lives of two continents. Its was a two-way process with people, goods, and ideas moving back and forth.
Why were Europeans immune?
-their original environment -they had a greater diversity
Merchantilism
1. Get as much gold and silver as you can. 2. Establish a favorable balance of trade. 3. Get colonies.
How many total Africans were imported to the West Indies during the Atlantic slave trade?
1.7
What was the fatality rate for the Mohegans?
100%
what is the incubation of small pox?
14 days
What percent of infected people did smallpox kill in Europe?
30%
What percent of infected people did smallpox kill in the Americas?
50%
How many total Africans were imported to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade ?
9.5 million
How did disease effect North America?
90 percent of the Indian population where gone within a century of the Puritan landing on Plymouth Rock.
What was the fatality rate for many tribal groups?
95%
Who was less vunerable to European disease, African slaves or Indians?
African slaves
what happened to the tribe of Mandans?
Entire tribe of Mandans died in the winter of 1837-38
How did disease effect the Caribbean?
In the island of Hispaniola population declined from one million to 1492 to 46,000 by 1512.
Who were regarded as sinners? What did people think was likely to happen to these people?
Indians who were non-Christians were thought of as sinner. people believed they were more sunjected to illness because of their sins
How did disease effect Central Mexico?
Indigenous population decline from 25 million to less than one million with a century. Around Mexico and Central America population decline by as much as 90 percent.
What did Europeans catch easily?
Malaria
Name all the things echanged in the Columbian Exchange.
Plants Animals Diseases Demographic Mineral Wealth Trade Items Technology Language Religion Economy Government
Who were the first Europeans to explore Africa?
Portuguese
How did smallpox effect the Iroquois?
Smallpox killed half the Iroquois populations in 1738 and again in 1759
What were common diseases of the old world?
Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, chicken pox, bubonic plague, scarlet fever and influenza
Why did they begin to import slaves from Africa?
There was a decrease in the Native American slave population.
What did African labor do?
They worked in mines, agriculture, port towns, and sugar mills.
What was thought to be the vector of diseases?
Trade goods that traveled from tribe to tribe though middlemen
What was illness to Europe?
a consequence of sin
What most the most negative effect for the Indian people during the exchange?
disease
How were the pathways of most diseases?
invisable
How did smallpox reach people?
it was transported from the Caribbean to the mainland by the Cortez expedition in the 1630s
How long was the battle of tenochtitlan? How many natives died?
lasted eight-day where 240,000 natives perished.
Did all pathogens travel from Europe to the Americas?
no
What was traded from Africa to North/South America?
olive, onion, grape, citris fruits, cattle, flu, diptheria, coffee bean, turnip, peach, pear, sheep, typhus, whooping, banana, , honey bee, sugar cane, wheat, pigs, measels, rice, barley, oats, horse, small pox, molaria
What are the three main parts of the Columbian Exchange?
plants, animals, and diseases
What was traded from North/South America to Europe?
squash, turkey, cocoa, peanut, avocado, pumpkin, pineapple, tomato, syphilis, peppers, tobacco, cassava, vanilla, sweet potatoes, quinine, potato, maze
what were the new world diseases?
syphilis, polio, hepatitus, and encephalitis
Where were African slaves deported?
to all parts of the Americas
What was traded from Europe to Africa?
trinkets, liquor, guns