The Final MGT

49)_______ is a "we feeling" that binds group members together. A) Group cohesiveness B) Groupthink C) Norming D) Social loafing E) Forming

A) Group cohesiveness

9)________ defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated. A) Organizational structure B) Work specialization C) Departmentalization D) Organizational behavior E) Matrix departmentation

A) Organizational structure

75) The ________ component of an attitude is the emotional or feeling component of that attitude. A) affective B) cognitive C) behavioral D) evaluative E) reflective

A) affective

7) Ichiro is an on-site coordinator for the International Olympics Committee. Ichiro is good at his job because he regularly seeks new ideas and contrary opinions. He tolerates ambiguity well while being quite task-focused. Ichiro's decision-making style is best described as A) analytical. B) conceptual. C) valuable. D) behavioral. E) intuitive

A) analytical.

74) The belief that "violence is wrong" is a descriptive statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

A) cognitive

8) Reggie's Records uses time-series forecasts, such as past holiday sales and the strength of store sales this year, to predict future sales based on patterns of historical data. Reggie's is using A) data analytics. B) groupthink. C) sunk-cost bias. D) big data. E) intuition

A) data analytics.

5) Max was recently promoted to production manager at a busy boat factory. As a department manager, Max had proven himself to be very efficient, and he had a logical and practical approach to solving problems. Max has a reputation for being decisive and getting things done. Most of the factory's employees like Max, but they feel he exercises too much control over them. Max most often uses a(n) ________ decision-making style. A) directive B) conceptual C) ambiguous D) behavioral E) intuitive

A) directive

64) Jake tells his boss only what he believes the boss wants to hear. Jake is engaging in ________. A) filtering B) selective perception C) communication apprehension D) emotional block E) selective selection

A) filtering

40)At which stage in Tuckman's Model, is trust the lowest? A) forming B) storming C) norming D) performing E) adjourning

A) forming

69) Bear State Bank has decided that tellers must rotate through a new weekend shift on Saturday afternoons because several of its financial competitors have recently begun to offer additional hours to customers. Bear State Bank is implementing a(n) ________ change. A) innovative B) reactive C) adaptive D) radically innovative E) proactive

A) innovative

32) A small, blockchain-based banking firm has a clan culture. Its employees have generous perks and are empowered to participate and collaborate on key projects. The end results are profitability and an enviably low 2-percent turnover rate. A clan culture has a(n) A) internal focus and values flexibility. B) strong external focus and values stability and control. C) external focus and values flexibility. D) continual focus on efficiency, cost cutting, and outsourcing. E) Internal focus and values stability and control

A) internal focus and values flexibility.

17) The ________ is a structure characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited information network, and centralization. A) mechanistic model B) organic model C) traditional model D) bureaucracy organization E) simple structure

A) mechanistic model

56) The channel by which a communication is passed between a sender and a receiver is called a ________. A) medium B) conduit C) conductor D) transmission E) coder

A) medium

13) The ________ refers to the number of subordinates that a manager directs. A) span of control B) unity of command C) chain of command D) decentralization principle E) leadership web

A) span of control

65) Lewin's change model consists of three A) stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. B) forces: employee characteristics, change agent characteristics, and change agent-employee relationships. C) forms: adaptive, innovative, and radically innovative. D) steps: diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation. E) types; innovative, adaptive, reactive

A) stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.

30) Reminding employees about the founders at each quarterly meeting is an example of which technique for transmitting culture? A) stories B) material symbols C) language D) rituals E) tools

A) stories

37) Human resources management refers to: A) the management of people in organizations. B) concepts and techniques for organizing work activities. C) all managerial activities. D) concepts and techniques used in leading people at work. E) management techniques for controlling people at work.

A) the management of people in organizations.

22) Trait research focused on ________, whereas behavioral studies focused on ________. A) underlying traits; observable behavior B) the task at hand; relationships C) observable behavior; specific leader activities D) observable behavior; underlying traits E) identifying certain traits in leaders; relationships leaders engaged in

A) underlying traits; observable behavior

44) Derek proposed the purchase of a new Toshiba copier to his boss, Guadalupe. Guadalupe said that she has always used and liked Xerox copiers, but when she thinks about it later, she realizes she does not really feel strongly about the brand of copy machine used in the office. Guadalupe should probably adopt a(n) ________ conflict-handling style when trying to resolve this matter with Derek. A) avoiding B) accommodating C) compromising D) forcing E) integrating

B) accommodating

81) McClelland's theory of needs concentrates on which three needs? A) achievement, realization and acceptance B) achievement, power and affiliation C) power, acceptance and confirmation D) affiliation, control and realization E) control, status and relationships

B) achievement, power and affiliation

26) Leaders who know who they are, know what they believe in and value, and act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly are known as A) ethical leaders. B) authentic leaders. C) transformational leaders. D) transactional leaders. E) charismatic leaders.

B) authentic leaders.

1)Santiago is the vice president of operations for a company that manufactures floor cleaning robots. The company's largest factory recently burned down, though thankfully no one was harmed. Now Santiago must decide the best course forward to replace that manufacturing capacity. He is considering rebuilding in the same location, moving to another city or state, or even another continent. In making this decision, Santiago will likely encounter ________ due to the countless locations, timelines, contractors, and demand pressures he must consider. A) an ethical dilemma B) bounded rationality C) groupthink D) a bounded dilemma E) rationality

B) bounded rationality

34) Employees and customers are treated like a family at Rahal Realty. Fadil and Inas Rahal, the owners, work to encourage unity to increase their employees' job satisfaction and commitment. At their realty, the Rahals have built a(n) ________ culture. A) market B) clan C) adhocracy D) hierarchy E) costumer-focused

B) clan

77) Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) values clarification

B) cognitive dissonance

47) When Emily, an American manager, became director of operations at the firm's apparel factory in China, the tension mounted quickly due to misunderstandings and the extensive time needed to translate conversations between herself and the employees. Emily is experiencing ________ conflict. A) personality B) cross-cultural C) intergroup D) envy-based E) global conflict

B) cross-cultural

4) A person's ________ reflects the combination of how he or she perceives and responds to information. A) location on the introvert/extrovert scale B) decision-making style C) time orientation D) Big Data perception E) data orientation

B) decision-making style

11) Consultants Exceptional (CE) has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and understand the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. CE believes that in order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understand the basic organizational structure of the company. Consultants are then able to recommend actions and changes based on the company's structure. You instruct the trainees to ask about the degree of rules and regulations that direct employees and managers. You want to help them understand the ________. A) chain of command B) degree of formalization C) span of control D) degree of departmentalization E) idea of matrix restructuring

B) degree of formalization

23) Some of the departmental directors spend more time training and helping their employees, while other spend more time on the technical issues that arise in the development process. According to the categories used in the University of Michigan studies, the directors can be described as ________. A) oriented toward initiating structure vs. oriented toward consideration B) employee-oriented vs. production-oriented C) training-oriented vs. development-oriented D) assistance-oriented vs. growth-oriented E) authority-type leaders vs. laissez-faire-type leaders

B) employee-oriented vs. production-oriented

28) A strong organizational culture may reduce A) internalizing behaviors. B) formalization. C) norms. D) the regulation of employee behavior. E) consistency.

B) formalization.

67) Which of the following is an inside force for change? A) domestic competition B) low productivity C) advancements in automation D) immigration E) Political environment

B) low productivity

27) Customers often comment on the ________ at Nate's Wine and Spirits. The employees are engaged, knowledgeable, and friendly to the point that customers describe it as a family-like atmosphere. Their "social glue" is so strong they even do things together outside of work. A) mission statement B) organizational culture C) code of ethics D) diversity plan E) company image

B) organizational culture

31) Nunya is a computer software company that employs highly intelligent, but somewhat unusual people. The regular distribution of lollipops, toys, or treats every Friday is an example of a ________ that helps reinforce Nunya's culture. A) story B) ritual C) material symbol D) symbolism E) tool

B) ritual

50) Nick's team was not making much progress on defining a new production process. Wesley was being very uncooperative. He did not agree with Nick's direction, and he has not completed his tasks. This team is in what stage of group development? A) performing B) storming C) adjourning D) forming E) norming

B) storming

21) You are the CEO of an engineering design firm that has several departments, each specializing in the design of different products. You have noticed a great deal of difference between the styles of the various department directors. You also see a big difference in the morale, employee satisfaction levels, and effectiveness (productivity) levels of the departments. One of your goals as CEO is to maximize productivity across all departments. As you look at the difference between the department directors, you notice that some are more charismatic and enthusiastic than others. In identifying this difference, you are looking at the directors' ________. A) behaviors B) traits C) values D) attitudes E) all of the above

B) traits

66) Go Grub's customer complaints have increased because its drivers often get lost when attempting deliveries, which means that the deliveries arrived late. The drivers have resisted using GPS systems, claiming they know their territories, but managers are now encouraging them to look for the best solution to the increased level of customer complaints. Go Grub is in the ________ stage of Lewin's change model. A) changing B) unfreezing C) evaluating D) refreezing E) implementing

B) unfreezing

15) The trend in recent years has been toward ________. A) narrower spans of control B) wider spans of control C) a span of control of four D) an ideal span of control of six to eight E) eliminating spans of control in favor of team structures

B) wider spans of control

10) Consultants Exceptional (CE) has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and understand the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. CE believes that in order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understand the basic organizational structure of the company. Consultants are then able to recommend actions and changes based on the company's structure. One of the questions you tell the trainees to ask is, "To what degree are tasks subdivided into separate jobs?" This question addresses the issue of ________. A) formalization B) work specialization C) span of control D) chain of command E) matrix restructuring

B) work specialization

80) The two-factor theory suggests that dissatisfaction is caused by extrinsic factors. Which of the following is an example of such a factor? A) advancement B) working conditions C) achievement D) recognition E) nature of the work itself

B) working conditions

36) After you start a new job, how can you assess whether you are a fit? A) Become a lifelong learner. B) Focus on being optimistic and making the best of everything. C) Ask yourself, "Do my values align with the organization's values?" D) Avoid becoming a victim to external influences. E) Avoid conflicts within the organization

C) Ask yourself, "Do my values align with the organization's values?"

25) The first comprehensive contingency model for leadership was developed by ________. A) Hersey and Blanchard B) Blake and Mouton C) Fred Fiedler D) John Kotter E) Douglas Surber

C) Fred Fiedler

39) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) The HR function in the organization is largely insulated from unethical behaviors. B) The HR department is largely responsible for the unethical behaviors of employees in the organization. C) HR management is the voice of organizational ethics. D) HR management must focus on clearly illegal behaviors within the firm and leave ethics up to the conscience of each individual manager. E) HR management is only responsible for hiring, training and evaluating employees

C) HR management is the voice of organizational ethics.

6) Saburo, a server in a downtown café, is very popular with customers and employees. He has a warm personality and will always lend a hand when needed. Saburo has a supportive nature that leads people to confide in him. He does have a tendency to avoid conflict and finds it difficult to say no when he might hurt someone's feelings. Saburo likely has a(n) ________ decision-making style. A) directive B) conceptual C) behavioral D) analytical E) intuitive

C) behavioral

73) Employers can look for high ________ scores to specifically hire workers who perform well, are liked by their supervisors, and are resilient. A) extroversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability E) openness to experience

C) conscientiousness

38) The knowledge, education, training, skills, and expertise of a firm's workers is known as: A) physical capital. B) management's philosophy. C) human capital. D) production capital. E) cultural diversity.

C) human capital.

46) Bruce, whose primary job is supervising a small production group, is not getting cooperation from all members on the cross-functional team he leads. In particular, Selas, a senior marketing manager, seems to resist his direction and tries to influence team members to go in another direction. The source of conflict in this case may be A) status differences. B) workplace incivility. C) inconsistent goals. D) ambiguous jurisdictions. E) Value differences

C) inconsistent goals.

68) A(n) ________ change involves introducing a practice that is new to the industry, such as using drones (rather than delivery trucks) to deliver products to customers. A) innovative B) adaptive C) radically innovative D) reactive E) proactive

C) radically innovative

58) During communication, the ________ initiates a message by encoding a thought. A) receiver B) channel C) sender D) speaker E) leader

C) sender

14) If you have a narrow span of control, you have a(n) ________ organization. A) efficient B) short C) tall D) matrix E) fat

C) tall

24) All contingency theories are based on the idea that effective leadership performance depends on ________. A) the proper match between the leader's style and the control the situation gives the leader B) selecting the right leadership style based on the level of the followers' readiness C) using a leadership style that is appropriate to the situational conditions D) making use of the best path for the goal that is identified E) the "right" traits

C) using a leadership style that is appropriate to the situational conditions

51)Which of the following is true of informal groups? A) Informal groups have appointed leaders. B) A temporary committee is an example of an informal group. C) Members of an informal group are assigned to it by the skills they possess. D) Informal groups can advance or undercut the plans of formal groups. E) An informal group is a group formed by people who have different interests

D) Informal groups can advance or undercut the plans of formal groups.

78) Two managers are talking about how they get the best out of their employees: Jo: "I tell my employees that times are tough and there is no way of telling when the guys in head office might try to downsize. Let me tell you, a bit of fear keeps them focused on the task at hand." Chris: "I tell them that head office is making them more responsible for deciding how to do their work. The increased sense of ownership they have makes productivity go way up." How would these managers be best characterized by Douglas McGregor? A) Both hold Theory X assumptions. B) Both hold Theory Y assumptions. C) Chris holds Theory X assumptions; Jo holds Theory Y assumptions. D) Jo holds Theory X assumptions; Chris holds Theory Y assumptions. E) The statements would not indicate that either manager is predisposed to either Theory X or Theory Y assumptions.

D) Jo holds Theory X assumptions; Chris holds Theory Y assumptions.

19) Which of the following statements best characterizes the function of leadership within an organization? A) Leadership is more important than management. B) Vision is a common thread throughout the research on leadership. C) Management is more important than leadership. D) Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles. E) Leaderships and management are interchangeable terms.

D) Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles.

53)________ is the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals. A) Organizational behavior B) Job performance C) Job satisfaction D) Organizational commitment E) Job involvement

D) Organizational commitment

3) ________ is a technique used to predict future outcomes based on historical data and analytics techniques. A) Data mining B) The decision tree C) Heuristics D) Predictive analytics E) Big data

D) Predictive analytics

41)________ teams have been found to have a positive effect on productivity and attitudes of control, yet no impact on job satisfaction or organizational commitment. A) Project B) Cross-functional C) Virtual D) Self-managed E) Functional

D) Self-managed

45) Grace missed another deadline and her boss, Kiara, is very upset. Kiara will have to explain to the client again why the project is behind. Kiara thinks she may say something she'll regret if she talks to Grace about this now, so she decides to wait a while. Kiara is using the ________ style of handling conflict. A) dominating B) integrating C) compromising D) avoiding E) accommodating

D) avoiding

59) A(n) ________ communication network occurs when a checkout clerk reports to a department manager, who in turn reports to a store manager, who reports to a regional manager. A) direct B) all-channel C) vertical D) chain E) horizontal

D) chain

48)In the performing stage of group development, members A) prepare for disbandment by applying for new jobs. B) develop close relationships by socializing often. C) test the leader's policies to see what will happen. D) concentrate on solving problems and completing tasks. E) try to know eachother

D) concentrate on solving problems and completing tasks.

35)Symbols, stories, heroes, and rites and rituals are ways in which ________ is (are) most often transmitted to employees. A) plans B) goals C) objectives D) culture E) Strategies

D) culture

57) The receiver of a communication is most likely to ________ a message initiated by the sender. A) explain B) reproduce C) reflect D) decode E) discard

D) decode

61) All of the following are examples of downward communication flows EXCEPT A) managers assigning goals for subordinates B) managers informing employees of procedures C) managers pointing out problems that need attention by employees D) employees completing attitude surveys E) managers telling employees to work more quickly

D) employees completing attitude surveys

2) After three summers working for a local landscaping business, Scott suggested that his boss add snow removal as an extra service. With this holistic hunch, Scott was acting on ________ that snow removal might be a good addition to the service offerings. A) hindsight bias B) minority dissent C) a knee-jerk reaction D) intuition E) groupthink

D) intuition

63) Communication that takes place among members of work groups at the same level is known as ________ communication. A) tangential B) cross-functional C) job D) lateral E) downward

D) lateral

33) Terry, the owner of River City Flooring, is driven by competition. His company sells and installs custom flooring, cabinets, and countertops. River City Flooring focuses on customers by delivering quality results on tight deadlines. Terry pushes his managers to continually exceed their productivity goals because that is what increases profits. Terry feels "there is not enough time for training." However, his employees are regularly rewarded for their success in meeting company goals. River City Flooring has a(n) ________ culture. A) clan B) hierarchy C) adhocracy D) market E) People oriented

D) market

12) Proctor & Gamble departmentalizes by Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization by ________. A) function B) process C) geography D) product E) interest

D) product

70) A technological innovation that improves the performance and speed of a computer's operating system would be considered a ________ innovation. A) new direction B) process C) disruptive D) product E) proactive

D) product

54) Because she beat her goal this year by nearly 30 percent, Helena has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal. She said her failure was due to the poor economy. Helena provides an example of A) the halo effect. B) a self-fulfilling prophecy. C) fundamental attribution bias. D) self-serving bias. E) horn effect

D) self-serving bias.

55)Communication must include both the ________ and the understanding of meaning. A) transportation B) interpretation C) writing D) transfer E) intention

D) transfer

52) According to the diversity wheel, which of the following is an organizational dimension? A) physical ability B) work experience C) educational background D) union affiliation E) age

D) union affiliation

62) Suggestion boxes, employee attitude surveys, and grievance procedures are examples of ________. A) organizational structure B) horizontal communication C) managerial communication D) upward communication E) diagonal communication

D) upward communication

60) When all communication is channeled through one person, a ________ communication network exists. A) direct B) chain C) lateral D) wheel E) box

D) wheel

42)________ is the conflict-handling style in which both parties give up something to gain something. A) Avoiding B) Forcing C) Accommodating D) Collaborating E) Compromising

E) Compromising

79) Who proposed the two-factor theory of motivation? A) Maslow B) McClelland C) McGregor D) Vroom E) Herzberg

E) Herzberg

76) Jan is a security officer. Jan believes that it is important to know exactly who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they take lunch, which makes it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office. Jan becomes frustrated with those employees. She makes note of them and reports them to their supervisors. What is the behavioral component of Jan's attitude to the employees who did not sign out of the office? A) Jan believes that it is important that she know exactly who is in the office at any given time. B) Jan notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they take lunch. C) Jan finds it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office. D) Jan becomes frustrated with those employees who do not sign out of the office. E) Jan notes which employees leave the office without signing out and reports them to their supervisors.

E) Jan notes which employees leave the office without signing out and reports them to their supervisors.

29) Culture may be a liability when it is a barrier to ________. A) change B) diversity C) mergers D) acquisitions E) all of the above

E) all of the above

18) John Kotter's view argues that management focuses on coping with complexity, whereas leadership focuses on coping with ________. A) conflict B) success C) defeat D) morale E) change

E) change

43)Ricky told his team that he is moving forward with a change to the bonus structure, despite vocal objections from several team members. Ricky is using the ________ conflict-handling style. A) voiding B) collaborating C) compromising D) accommodating E) dominating

E) dominating

71) Harrison is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home. He likely scores low on which of the Big Five personality dimensions? A) agreeableness B) conscientiousness C) extroversion D) openness to experience E) emotional stability

E) emotional stability

16) In an organization that has high centralization, ________. A) the corporate headquarters is located centrally to branch offices B) all top-level officials are located within the same geographic area C) action can be taken more quickly to solve problems D) new employees have a great deal of legitimate authority E) top managers make all the decisions and lower-level managers merely carry out directions

E) top managers make all the decisions and lower-level managers merely carry out directions

20) Which theory states that people are born with certain characteristics that predispose them to being leaders? A) Fiedler's perspective B) characteristic theory C) LPC D) contingency theory E) trait theory

E) trait theory