The History of Life on Earth

When sediment layers are deposited, the oldest layers are deposited blank and are found at the bottom

first

Scientists have found remains of woolly mammoths in the Arctic tundra. Which experiment would best model the process by which a woolly mammoth would have been fossilized?

submerging a specimen in water and then freezing it

What can be inferred about these species? Write one letter in each blank to complete the paragraph. Larval and adult horseshoe crabs look very similar to a-(look at pic in word doc)

trilobite (a)

Based on the data, it appears that blank (look at pic in word doc)

1. e

A scientist conducts a geological survey of an area and discovers fossils of Tropites in the sediment.(look at pic in word doc)

240 million years ago

Since the same fossils are found in layers blank, these layers are the same age.

3. a, k, q

This suggests that the trilobite and the horseshoe crab share a common (look at pic in word doc)

3.ancestor (b)

The graph shows changes in marine organism biodiversity over the past 500 million years.(look at pic in word doc)

The number of species has increased.

When scientists studied geological columns from different parts of the world, they discovered that fossils of dinosaurs, many groups of reptiles, and marine invertebrates disappeared at the top of the Mesozoic section. What is the most likely explanation of this evidence?

An extinction event caused many of the organisms to die off.

The domed shape of the body and the repeating(look at pic in word doc)

segments (c)

Birds share many similarities with a certain group of dinosaurs that includes the Tyrannosaurus rex and the Velociraptor. Like birds, these dinosaurs had hollow bones and scales. Fossil evidence shows that many had feathers and some could fly. Evidence also suggests that these dinosaurs were warm-blooded.- Given the similarities, identify one characteristic that could be used to differentiate birds from dinosaurs.

Birds have different shaped feet than dinosaurs, birds have a smaller wingspan than dinosaurs. Birds are much smaller than dinosaurs.

Fossils are likely to be of hard body structures like bones, teeth, and shells.

Bodies naturally decompose. Soft tissues like skin and eyes decompose the fastest. Tissues that last longest have the best chance to become fossils.

Older fossils are found in lower rock strata. More recent fossils are found closer to the surface.

Earth's layers are created by depositing new layers of sediment on top of old ones.

look at photo for this one. Based on the diagrams, identify which organisms would be more closely related to humans and which would be less closely related. Explain your answer.

More closely related to human: mouse because the embryo looks similar to a human. Less closely related: Fish because it isn't curling like the other embryos.

He concludes that Species A is older than Species B. Which statement supports his conclusion?(look at pic in word doc)

Sediments are in layers, with older sediment deposited in lower layers.

Hyracotherium is the genus of the earliest known horse ancestor. Equus is the genus of the modern horse. The image shows changes in the horse skull over time. (look at photo)Which statement is not supported by the evidence in the image? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

The horse brain has decreased in size over time.

The pictures show an artist's drawing of the fossil worm Aysheaia on the left and the modern velvet worm on the right.(look at pic in word doc)

They have very similar body structures.

Which piece of evidence could show that woolly mammoths and modern elephants are directly related and share a common ancestor?

They share similar anatomical features.

From last question- . Explain why determining the age of a new fossil is important to scientists.

To know what era the organism lived in to see how the organism changed from the time it was alive to present-day.

Many fossils result from organisms dying near or in water.

Water carries and deposits sediment. Objects under water are likely to be covered by layers more quickly than objects on land.