The Human Body- 30.2
What happens if humans don't get enough water?
Dehydration
What are two reasons why your body needs food?
Energy and raw materials are supplied to repair tissue
What type of fatty acids cannot be made in the body?
Essential
Why is water the most important nutrient?
Every cell in the body needs water because the body's processes including chemical reactions
What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fats? Give an example of each.
Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms- vegetable oil Saturated are single bonds and maximum number of hydrogen ions- butter
What is a trans-fat?
Unsaturated fats that are modified by adding hydrogen
What are two types of vitamins?
fat-soluble and water-soluble
What is another name for the complex carbohydrate cellulose?
fiber
Why is it important not to take large doses of vitamin supplements?
it can be toxic
What are vitamins?
Organic molecules that the body need in very small amounts
What is the role of vitamins in the body?
To help perform chemical reactions
How much water do humans need to drink each day?
1 liter
How many amino acids is the body able to synthesize?
12
How many amino acids are there?
20
What is meant by the term "balanced diet?"
A balanced diet provides nutrients in adequate amounts and enough energy for a person to maintain a healthful weight
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, and K
What happens to complex carbohydrates in the digestive system?
Broken down into simple sugars- absorbed into the blood and carried to cells
What are the water-soluble vitamins?
C and B
What happens to excess blood sugar?
Converted into glycogen
What type of vitamins can be stored in the tissues of the body?
Fat-soluble
What is a food source of simple carbohydrates?
Fruits, honey, and sugar cane
What is a food source of complex carbohydrates?
Grains, potatoes, and vegetables
What is the importance of fats in a healthy diet?
Help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins and are part of cell membranes, nerve cells, and certain hormones
What is the importance of fiber to the digestive system?
Helps muscles move food and wastes through your digestive system- reduces risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes
What is the role of proteins in the body?
Increases rates of chemical reactions, regulatory and transport functions, energy source
What does it mean to be able to synthesize?
Must be obtained from the foods that you eat
Which type of carbohydrates- simple or complex- provides the body with quick energy?
Simple
What are the two major types of carbohydrates?
Sugars and starches
What nutrients does your body need?
The nutrients that our body needs include water, carbohydrates, fats proteins, vitamins, and minerals
What is the difference between a calorie and dietary Calorie?
a dietary Calorie is equal to 1,000 calories