The Physiology of Breathing- BIO 153

Under what conditions is there an increase of oxygen being released (dissociated) from hemoglobin?

The PO2 of the blood - if it decreases, hemoglobin releases it •Blood pH (7.35 to 7.45) - lower pH causes more release •Temperature - higher temps cause more release •The metabolic activity of the RBC

At the interstitial tissue level, oxygen diffuses OUT of the capillaries and carbon dioxide diffuses INTO the capillaries. What does the pressure of CO2 and O2 have to do with it?

gases move from areas of high pressure to low pressure

should the PO2 be high or low for the maximum amount of loading onto hemoglobin?

high

what will happen if there is a dramatic increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood?

hyperventilation will occur

what is the way most of the carbon dioxide is transported by the blood?

in ionic form as bicarbonate in the plasma

in what units is the pressure measured?

mm/Hg

What is the pressure difference between the atmospheric pressure and intrapulmonary pressure when you are holding your breath?

no difference

where in the brain is the normal rate and depth of breathing established?

the brain stem

If the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic blood vessels had an interference of some sort, the brain wouldn't be able to regulate breathing because there would be no signal from these 3 things.

•PCO2 •PO2 •pH

With respect to pressure, when does air move into and out of the lungs?

•air moves into the lungs when the atmospheric pressure is greater than that of the lungs •air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the atmospheric pressure

what is happening to the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation and exhalation?

•the volume of the thoracic cavity is increasing during inhalation and decreasing during exhalation

what are some factors that affect the rate of gas exchange in the lungs?

1.PO2 of the alveoli 2.PCO2 of the blood 3.Thickness of the respiratory membrane

what is the normal range of respiratory rates for a resting adult?

12-20

how many oxygen can one hemoglobin carry?

4

what is the normal pH of blood?

7.35-7.45

Sympathetic input causes the bronchioles to and parasympathetic input causes the bronchioles to .

DILATE and CONSTRICT.

what is the most important chemical regulator of respiration?

carbon dioxide

what causes asthma?

excessive stimulation of the smooth muscle in the bronchioles

what is Dalton's law?

where there is a mixture of gases in the air, the total pressure is the sum of each of the individual pressures