The point Ch. 38, 39, 40, & 41

The etiology of cancer of the colon and rectum is predominantly _____________________, a malignancy arising from the epithelial lining of the intestine.

Adrenocarcinoma

Intrinsic factor, which is secreted by the gastric mucosa, cannot be absorbed without the presence of vitamin ________.

B12

Elderly, acutely ill, or debilitated people with decreased salivary gland secretion from general dehydration or medications are at high risk for bacterial ____________ which is characterized by swelling.

Parotitis

The correct sequence to perform an abdominal assessment is to perform inspection, auscultation, __________ and palpation.

Percussion

Chyme, which is partially digested food mixed with gastric secretions, can stay in the small intestine for 3 to 6 hours, allowing for continued breakdown and absorption of nutrients.

True

Decompression of the bowel through a nasogastric tube is necessary for all patients with small bowel obstruction.

True

Diarrhea is defined as the increased frequency of more than three bowel movements per day.

True

Herpes simplex is an abnormal condition of the lips that is frequently seen in immunosuppressed patients.

True

Most peptic ulcers result from infection with the gram-negative bacteria H. pylori, which may be acquired through ingestion of food and water.

True

Nursing interventions for impaired oral mucous membranes for the patient with oral cancer include gentle brushing and flossing, and adequate fluid intake.

True

Preparation of a patient for a barium enema study may begin 48 hours prior to the test.

True

Proton pump inhibitors may be administered for at least 1 year in patients with risk factors for peptic ulcer disease.

True

The vast majority of gastric cancers are acquired and not inherited.

True

Straining at stool initiates the ____________ maneuver that results in a potentially dangerous increase in BP.

Valsalva

Absorption is the major function of the small intestine, and occurs when small molecules, vitamins, and minerals pass through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream.

True

Atrophy of the taste buds is an excepted age-related change of the gastrointestinal system.

True

Barrett esophagus is a condition in which the lining of the esophageal mucosa is altered.

True

Celiac disease is a disorder of malabsorption caused by an autoimmune response to consumption of products that contain the protein gluten.

True

In Crohn's disease, the common clinical manifestations include abdominal pain and _____________.

diarrhea

_____________, an abdominal discomfort associated with eating, is the most common symptom of patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction.

dyspepsia

Greater than 5 to 6 bowel sounds heard in less than 30 seconds is considered a standard used to document bowel sounds that are ________________.

hyperactive

__________, inflammation of the oral mucosa, is a frequently occurring side effect of chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Stomatitis

In the immediate postoperative period following a neck dissection the nurse must assess for ________ (coarse, high-pitched sound on inspiration) which can be heard over the trachea with a stethoscope.

Stridor

________________, the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen in the United States, is the most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery.

Appendicitis

In a radical neck dissection, the tumor and surrounding musculature are removed but the cervical lymph nodes are left intact.

False

The patient with a hiatal hernia should be instructed to lie down for at least 1 hour after eating.

False

The patient with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) should select foods low in fiber in order to minimize intestinal irritation.

False

The most common site for a peptic ulcer formation is in the pylorus.

Falsw

_____________________is a chronic functional disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with diarrhea, constipation, or both.

Irritable bowel syndrome

Digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas include trypsin (aids protein digestion), amylase (aids starch digestion), and __________ which aids fat digestion.

Lipase

_____________ is a burning sensation in the stomach and esophagus that moves up to the mouth.

Pyrosis

The most frequent symptom of oral cancer is a __________ sore or mass that bleeds easily and does not heal.

Painless

___________ syndrome may occur as a result of any surgical procedure that involves the removal of a significant portion of the stomach or includes resection or removal of the pylorus.

Dumping

__________________ is indigestion, an upper abdominal discomfort associated with eating.

Dyspepsia

________ is the most common symptom of esophageal disease and may vary from an uncomfortable feeling in the upper esophagus to acute pain and difficulty swallowing.

Dysphasia

Diverticula may occur anywhere in the small intestine or colon, but most commonly occur in the ascending colon.

False

Norepinephrine stimulates gastric secretions and motility.

False

Older adults tend to have increased gastric motility.

False

Gastritis and _____________ from peptic ulcer disease are the two most common causes of upper GI tract bleeding.

Hemorrhage

Tumors of the small intestine are uncommon, of these approximately 64% are __________________.

Malignant