the protestant reformation

rise of sects

1520s to 1530s new religious groups formed in Germany and Switzerland sects did not form organized churches no clear authority, discipline, membership, or rules they only had one preacher as a leader most sects died out

break with the church

1522 luther openly disagreed with church doctrine bible was the sole religious authority ceremonies could not make up for sin priests had no special role in salvation god viewed all people of faith equally printing press spread his ideas pope leo X in 1521 declared luther a heretic and excommunicated him charles V summoned luther to diet of worms commanded to abandon ideas banned from printing and sale of his works fredrick the wise took luther away and hid him luther translated the bible into german charles V continued to fight luther's teachings prince who supported luther protested the emperor's treatment of lutheran church established lutheran church luther's followers and later reformers came to be called protestants

the beginning

Germany first to break from Roman Catholic Church Germany was not a united nation rulers could not control independent ideas pope needed funds johann tetzel named to raise funds indulgences pardons from punishment of sin

Calvinism

Huldrych Zwingli the vicar of the cathedral in zurich, Switzerland started the swiss reformation influenced by humanist Erasmus Zwingli and luther shared many ideas disagreed on forms of worship and use of religious images zwingli died in battle between catholics and protestants his work was carried on by a french protestant named john calvin

John calvin

a french-born swiss protestant who broke with the roman Catholic Church in 1533 and set forth the tenets of his theology, know today as presbyterianism, in institutes of higher he christian religion in 1536 commemorated as a renewer of the church by the lutheran church

theocracy

a government ruled by religious leaders claiming gods authority during the protestant reformation the city of geneva, Switzerland became a theocracy and was the center of Calvinism

Huguenots

a group of french protestants during the 16th and 17th centuries the persecution and flight of the huguenots greatly damaged the reputation of Louis XIV abroad, particularly in england

Erasmus

argued the Roman Catholic Church had lost sight of its spiritual mission other humanists agreed and called for reform this caused a religious revolution that split the church in Western Europe

cause

church became more interested in income than saving souls pope acted more like a political leader and warrior some priests engaged in vice and misconduct pop ignored their concerns northern humanists sought a new emphasis on personal faith and spirituality believers encouraged to withdraw

luther's protest

claimed tetzel committed grave error posted 95 theses or statements about indulgences news spread that a monk had challenged selling of indulgences luther saw himself a reformer he did not intend to break with the Roman Catholic Church

predestination

common belief among protestant thinkers in 1500's the elect chosen beforehand for salvation they formed a special community self disciplined and dedicated to god's wishes in geneva, calvinism became the official religion theocracy: religious rulers claimed gods authority

martin luther

german theologian and leader of the reformation. his opposition to the wealth and corruption of the papacy and his belief in salvation would be granted on the basis of faith alone rather than by works caused his excommunication from the Catholic Church reformation day was a day in 1517 when martin posted a proposal at the doors of a church in Wittenberg, Germany to debate the doctrine and practice of indulgences. this proposal is popularly known as the 95 theses quit law school to enter monastery found np comfort in churches methods for overcoming sin revelation through bible study developed lutheranism ceremonies and good deeds inner faith in god salvation through grave of god justification by grace through faith simple faith could lead to salvation

calvinism spreads

huguenots french people who converted to calvinism 1/3 of the nobility France remained primary Catholic huguenots considered a threat civil wars between huguenots the edict of Nantes (1598) calvinism spread Poland, Hungary, and Scotland puritanism, calvinism

calvin's church

john calvin founded the protestant church in Switzerland the institutes of the christian religion a complete and clear set of religious beliefs (1536) explained what faithful should believe calvin's followers were called calvinists this new code strengthened them against opposition and persecution

henry VIII

king of England from 1509 to 1547 who succeeded his father, Henry VII. his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, his first wife, compelled him to break from the Catholic Church by the act of supremacy in 1534 Henry VIII is famous for having been married 6 times

spread of protestantism

lutheran church established other reformers joined the criticism charles V sent armies against protestant princes in Germany (1546) won most of the battles but could not defeat princes pf the lutheran church peace of ausburg (1555) the right to choose your religion subjects could accept or move away

reformation

movement to reform that Catholic Church the protestant reformation was a movement in Europe that began with martin luther's activities in 1517 and concluded with peace of Westphalia in 1648

indulgences

pardon from the church for a person's sins it was the catholic church's practice of "selling indulgences" that led martin luther to write and post his 25 theses

sects

smaller groups with distinct beliefs within larger religious groups protestant christianity is famous for its many small sects that have broken away from well-known branches of the faith

predestination

the belief that no matter what a person does, the outcome of his or her life is already planned by god john calvin taught predestination in geneva, Switzerland and said that it encouraged good behavior out of thankfulness

the Anglican church

the protestant reformation came to England by way of Henry VIII caused the break between England and the Roman Catholic Church it was a political move "defender of faith" Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn, his lady in waiting pope clement VII refused HenryVIII withdrew England from the Catholic Church created the Anglican Church