The Roman Empire

Papia-Poppaean Laws

"punished bachelors, adultery, rape; rewarded procreation"

Nero

- Built Golden House - First emperor to persecute Christians - Kills Brittanicus - Married to Octavia (later killed her to be with girlfriend) - Separated himself from Claudius

Pax Romana

200 year period of peace in Rome. A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.

Josephus

A Galilean who wrote a history of the Jewish rebellion against Rome. His book is an important source of knowledge concerning 1st century Judaism. Great historian, a General in the Jewish War in Galilee. Many committed suicide and he surrendered in 67 CE. Assisted in negotiating, predicted Vespasian as Emperor: Apologist who emphasized The Antiquities, culture and wisdom of Jews to Greco-Roman audience. Blames Zealots and governor for Jewish War

Masada

A mountaintop fortress where the Jews held off the Roman soldiers for three years. The mountain where the Zealots went when they tried to live apart from the Romans, ended up killing themselves

Jewish War

A rebellion of Jewish Zealots against Rome in 66-70 CE Revolt by the Jews against Roman control, Jerusalem was destroyed, Jews & Christians were displaced.

Battle of Actium

Anthony vs. Octavian & Cleopatra, a navy battle off the coast of Greece. With small, but fast ships Octavian defeated Antony & Cleopatra. They later returned to Egypt and killed themselves

Battle of Philippi

Battle in 42 BCE pitting Antony and Octavian against Brutus and Cassius, where Antony emerged victorious despite Octavian's defeat. Octavius and Antony defeat Brutus and Cassius, who commit suicide; 1) no one left to restore republic 2) Octavius and Antony divide Rome east (Octavius) and west (Antony)

Mark Antony

Caesar's right-hand man, teamed with Octavian to punish Caesar's murders, fell in love with Cleopatra, went into civil war, at the Battle of Actium, he and Cleopatra fled and committed suicide dislikes Lepidus

Origins of Christianity

Christianity was founded by Jesus, a man who lived from about 6 B.C.E to about 30 C.E.

Julio-Claudians

First dynasty of Rome. Emperors were Augustus Caesar (Octavian), Caligula, Claudius, Nero and Tiberius. Most of these Roman emperors suffered from mental illness

Octavian

Formed Second Triumvirate in 43BC with Antony and Lepidus after Caesar's death,reduced power of the Senate, began a period known as Pax Romana or Roman Peace Julius Caesar's grandnephew, later known as Augustus. By defeating Mark Antony, he gained rule of all roman lands. He was Rome's first true emperor.

Augustus

Imperial title given to Octavian from the Senate marking the founding of the Empire of Rome. (63 BCE - 14 CE) First emperor of Rome (27 BCE - 14 CE) He restored order and prosperity to the Empire after nearly a century of turmoil. Grandnephew to Julius Caesar.

Jotapata

Josephus and his troops were backed into a cave here. The made a suicide pack, so they didn't have to surrender to the Romans. Stopped right before Josephus and he became a prisoner and agent of the Roman empire.

2nd Triumvirate

Octavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus Present in Rome began in 43 BC. It was comprised of Octavian, an experienced general Marc Antony, and a powerful politician Lepidus. They ruled for ten years until their alliance ended in jealousy and violence.

Caligula

Only ruled for four years, mentally unstable. He had an affair with his sister and named them both as Gods. He also named his horse a consul.

Judaism

The first major monotheistic religion. It is based on a sense of ethnic identity, and its adherents tend to form tight-knit communities wherever they live. Were considered strange and hostile.

Lepidus

The third member of Antony and Octavius's coalition. Though Antony has a low opinion of Lepidus, Octavius trusts his loyalty. Rules Africa

2nd Settlement

Wanted power over Tribune of Plebs, resigned consulship

Agrippina

Wife of Claudius; poisoned him and pushed Nero to throne (Julio-Claudian Dynasty 27 BC - 70 AD)

Tiberius

son-in-law of Augustus who became a suspicious tyrannical Emperor of Rome after a brilliant military career (42 BC to AD 37) Had a haunted house with "minnows"

Agrippa

the close friend of Octavian who led military expeditions against Antony and Cleopatra, won the Battle of Actium with him

Cleopatra

(31 B.C.) - She was the queen of Egypt known as a Ptolemaic ruler. She became queen when her dad died and she and her brother was not old enough to rule. She and Julius Caesar had an affair and they had a child together and named it Caesarion. Caesar and Cleopatra may have wanted to rule together but he was assassinated before they got the chance. Later she became married to Marc Antony which was supposed to be a peace maker between Rome and Egypt and Antony was still going to rule with Octavian. Octavian did not approve and attacked Egypt. Cleopatra and Marc Antony decided to kill themselves rather than having it done by Octavian.

Claudius

- Disabled - Wife was Agrippina - Son was Brittanicus, Agrippina's son was Nero -

1st Settlement

- Octavian renounced all powers (gave it to senate & people) - In return, Octavian = Consul - Received "extended province" for 10 years - Gaul, Syria, Cyprus, Egypt