The Russian Revolution

bloody sunday

"Bloody Sunday" was the name given to the bloodshed that occurred on January 22, 1905 in which over 200,000 workers proceeded to protest to czar asking for better working conditions and lives. Nicholas II' generals ended up killing and injuring over one thousand laborers.

Revolution of March 1917

- In the chaos members of the imperial parliament or Duma assumed control of the country, forming the Russian provisional government.

propaganda

- Propaganda is giving out biased or misleading information to promote a particular point. Commonly used in political strategies. In the Russian revolution Stalin was known for his use of political propaganda to promote himself as a kind and caring leader to his people. In Animal farm propaganda is carried out verbally in slogans or speeches. It made the animals believe they were working for a better future and made them feel united with a common enemy

What was the outcome of the Russian Revolution

- Tzar Nicholas abdicates and is killed. Bolsheviks take power and start to redistribute wealth and repair nation. Russia becomes the communist USSR. Stalin comes to power and is a cruel and controlling dictator.

Great Purge

-1934- Stalin cracked down on Old Bolsheviks, his net soon widened to target army heroes, industrial managers, writers and citizens, they were charged with a wide range of crimes, from plots to failure to not meeting production quotas.-under stalins rule- 20 million killed-campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938.

Stalin's year as a leader

-20 million people died bc of him

Famine of 1921

-A huge famine killing over 7 million Russians due to peasants sowing less grain and breeding fewer animals.

autocrat

-A monarch who does not have to share power

put in order: -trotsky killed -stalin takes power -nicholas II abdicates -WWI ends -WWI begins -5 Year Plan -Lenin dies -Civil War starts in Russia -90% of all peasants live on farms -trotsky forced to leave USSR -lenin launches the NEP -Duma first created -lenin arrives back in russia after 17 yrs -alexander II assassinated -bloody sunday -march revolt -rasputin and theczarina in control of govt -provisional govt takes over -russian marxist split into two groups over type of revolution

-Alexander II assassinated -Russian Marxist split into two groups over type of revolution - bloody sunday -duma created -WWI begins -rasputin and czarin in control of govt -march revolution -nicholas II abdicates -provisional govt takes over -lenin arrives after 17 years -brest-litovsk treaty signed -WWI ends -civil war starts in Russia -lenin launches the NEP -russia becomes the ussr -lenin dies -stalin takes power -5 year plan -trotsky foreced to leave ussr -90%of all peasants live on farms -trotsky killed

command economy

-An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.

1904 Russo-Japanese War

-Fight for Control of Korea and Manchuria-Thought quick victory make him popular Japanese defeated Russia extremely fast

Bloody Sunday

-Jan 22, 1905 -St Petersburg, Russia, -Unarmed demonstrators -led by Father Georgy Gapon were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards the Winter Palace to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia

Bloody Sunday 1905

-January 22,1905 -200,000 ppl and their families went to czars palace to protest - St. Petersburg -protest for -- better working conditions ---

what was Lenin's goal?

-Lenin's goal was transforming the soviet economy to full commumunist one -create a bunch of food for the people in cities

Propandada and censorship

-Russia and China have been forced to develop their propaganda strategy to combat the newfound power of the average internet user, who can seek and share information at the instant click of a mouse.

Cheka

-Secret police- formed by Lenin-Secret police force'Protective Section'Censored all books and newspapers-Spied on political groups-Helped Tsar control the country and opposition

1905 revolution

-Series of General StrikesShut down factories, schools, offices, shops, railways, and hospitalsPeasants rebelled - killing landlords, and burning farmsSoldiers/Sailors overthrew leaders

Provisional Government

-Temporary government -The twelve-man committee set up by the Duma ---Provisional because up to rule Russia for a temporary period only - until elections

1905 Ecenomic Issues

-because of the long hours and little payment, workers rebelled against landlords and workers would stop working and March on the streets protesting. Workers started being violent towards landlords.

what did the Bolsheviks want?

-bolsheviks goal was to overthrow the provisional govt and set up a govt for the proletariat

collective farms

-govt siezed over 25 million private owned farms -govt-owned farms -produced food for state -govt thought it would reduce # of workers but kulax would resist

Nicholas II

-last Russian Czar ending the dictatorship of the Ronamovs

NEP and explain (including effects on country)

-new economic policy 1921-28 -temporary nationalism, March 1921- After the Kronstadt revolt, Lenin realised the a change was needed to the policy. These changes included: Peasants could sell their surplus again and peasants who increased food production would pay less tax .

4 social classes

-peasants - 80% - urban/city dwellers - 15% (discontent, wages, and conditions) -middle class (bourgeoisie) - 3% -aristocrat- 2% (no discontent; party; #livindamclovinllife) 8/10 people were struggling to survive (discontent, lack of food and land)

Four social classes

-peasants 80% ---lack of food and land -Urban/City dwellers ---poor working conditions,washes,and hours -middle class 3% ---they wanted more power in government -Aristocrat 2% ---no discontent

marxism

-the theory that every social, political, or religious movement springs from a desire by one group of people to take economic advantage of another group; taught that history would naturally progress toward perfection (communism)

abdicate

-to step down from the throne

characteristics of totalitarianism

-total state control of the economy, military, and news media

What was Stalin's goal?

-wanted rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture

what is the percentage of peasants who lived in collective farms

90% of peasants lived on collective farms

soviet

A Russian council composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers.

Tundra

A barren land with no vegetation near the arctic circleMost of Russia uninhabitableOnly 5% agricultural land

Red Guards

A defense force

totalitarianism

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A treaty between Russia and GermanyOne of the harshest treaties ever made

White Army

A variety of enemies who were against the 'Reds'Composed of anyone who was against the Bolsheviks

Alexander Kerensky

Alexander Kerensky is the prime Minster of the provisional Goverment.

who was alexander kerensky

Alexander Kerensky was the head of the Provisional Government who decided to stay in the war in order to preserve Russia's honor.

tsar

An emperor in Russia

Stalin

Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition

by 1921 what did the leadership and govt of russia look like?

By 1921, the Communists have officially won the war and controlled Russia. The Communists turned Russia into a bureaucratically centralised state who dominated a single party.

Mensheviks

Communist Party of Russia Led by Julius Martov. Party should be massive with all workers. Big and long revolution. Run democratically

Bolsheviks

Communist Party of Russia. Led by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Small group of skilled revolutionaries. Lead the party and make all decisions. Short and quick revolution

who led Bloody Sunday?

Father Gapon

Lenin

Founded the Communist Party in Russia and set up the world's first Communist Party dictatorship. He led the October Revolution of 1917, in which the Communists seized power in Russia. He then ruled the country until his death in 1924.

What specific things did the communists do to gain and keep power?

In order to gain and keep power, the Communists decided to appeal to the force of Russian Patriotism.

Fundamental Laws

Laws by which the Duma had to follow1st law - 'To the Empire of all the Russias belongs supreme autocratic power.'

explain lenins travels and arrival

Lenin was sent to Siberia as his arrest caused by his revolutionary acts, and after his release he decided to go into exile in Switzerland. He later presumed the leadership of Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Party and was shipped back to Russia.

lenins NEP

Lenin's NEP gave permission to farmer once more to own their own private farms rather than taking all the product to the government.

explain what advantages the red army eventually had?

Leon Trotsky helped the Red Army become more well-disciplined and formidable fighting force. The Red Army also succeeded with turning their ideas into instruments of power and control.

who was leon trotsky

Leon Trotsky was a fervid revolutionary who lead the Petrograd soviet.

years of the revolutions

March 8, 1917- November 7, 1917

How did Nicholas try to put down the strike and what was the result of Nicholas II'a attempt?

Nicholas tried to put down the strikes by ordering his troops to dissipate the crowds and shoot the citizens if there were a need to. The result of Nicholas II's attempt was backfiring because all his troops ended up turning against him and join the strikes.

Russian Orthodox Church

Official Church of Russia Priests taught parishioners to respect Tsar and government. Head of church was government minister.Government always had control

Rasputin s Influence

People start thinking that Alexander is a German who is trying to take over Russia because of close relationship she and Rasputin has. Words spread that they are having an affair.

5 year plan its purpose and explain (include effects)

Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products and were enforced by the police powers of the state. -set possible goals to increase the output of steal, coal, oil and electricity -to reach them they had to limit production of consumer goods, as a result people suffered severe lack of thousing, clothes, and food, and other necessary goods -purpose was designed to indstrialize USSR in the shortest possible time and the process to expedite the collectivization of farms

Who was Rasputin and what was his relationship with Alexandra?

Rasputin was a Siberian peasant who helped Alexandra's son Alexis heal from his hemophilic disease. Alexandra had plenty of affection towards Rasputin that she gave him power to become involved within the government.

Trotsky

Russia's Commissar (Minister) for Foreign Affairs

stalins 5 year

Stalin's Five Year Plan was created in order to be part of the industrialization in the USSR

explain "command economy"

The "Command Economy" is where the government has absolute control over all the products made in the country, how the process of the products should be, and the cost of the products.

explain who the bolsheviks were and their leadership

The Bolsheviks were a small group of Marxist Social Democrats who were lead by Vladimir Ulianov, or Lenin. They were a party of extreme radicals who were dedicated to violent revolution in order to end the capitalist system in Russia.

explain the brest-letvosk treaty

The Brest-Litovsk treaty was a treaty stating the withdrawal of Russia in WWI. Russia gave up 25% of their land, including eastern Poland, the Ukraine, Finland, and Baltic states of Lithuania, to Germany.

explain what the cheka was

The Cheka was the first group of secret policeman who worked for the Reds. The Cheka instituted the Red Terror who aimed at the destruction of all the people who opposed the new regime.

who established the provisional govt and what was it?

The Duma established a provisional government the same day they forced Nicholas II to abdicate from the throne, March 15. It was an emergency and temporary government to manage political transitions.

explain what the duma was

The Duma was the state assembly, the legislative body created by the tsar which he tried to get rid of but failed. The Duma declared government responsibility after the tsar got out of control.

the great purge (1930s)

The Great Purge in 1930's was a campaign of political repression during 1936-38, within the Soviet Union.

who fought in the russian civil war between 1918-1921? explain the differences..

The Red Army and the White Army fought each other in the Russian Civil War between 1918-21. The Red Army consisted of the Bolsheviks while the White Army consisted of an anti-Bolshevik group from Siberia.

who were the soviets

The Soviets were members of the council of workers' and soldiers' deputies, they were mainly socialists and had more radical views.

Execution of the Royal Family

The Tsar and his family (the Tsarina and their 5 children) were executed by the Bolsheviks in July 1918.

Who took direct control of the Russian military during WWI?

The Tsar took direct control of the Russian military during WWI.

what ere the weaknesses of the white army?

The White Army's weaknesses was the disagreements between one another of a common goal and their different political views/ideas.

what was the biggest mistake the provisional government made?

The biggest mistake the Provisional Government made was to stay in the war in order to preserve Russia's honor.

explain the different oppisition to the new communist regime

The different groups arising against the new Communist regime included the bourgeoisie, aristocratic liberal, and anti-Leninist, and groups who were still loyal to the czar. Allied troops would also spread throughout Russia so they can do everything in their hands to bring Russia back into the war.

Which group of people were becoming more and more discontent with the tsarsist regime?

The middle class, workers, peasants, soldiers, and aristocrats were becoming more and more discontent with the tsarist regime.

USSR (Union of Socialist Republic)

The new constitution which started at the start of 1923

name all 3 of the bolsheviks main goals

The three Bolshevik's main slogans were: "Peace, Land, Bread" "Worker Control of Production" and "All Power to the Soviets".

explain what happen to nicholas II family

The tsar along with his five children and wife were captivated and sent to Tobolsk, Siberia, in August 1917, and later on to Ekaterinburg, Urals, April 1918. They were later murdered and burned near a mine shaft by members of the local soviet.

Tsarina Alexandra

The wife of Tsar Nicholas II The last empress German descent 5 children - 4 daughters and 1 son

What did Nicholas II use to keep power in Russia after the 1905 Revolution?

Tsar Nicholas II relied on the army and bureaucracy as support for his autocratic regime.

Alexis

Tsar Nicholas II's son.Heir to the throne. Had Haemohilia.

kulaks

Wealthy farmers who could... -own a farm -Hire laborer workers

Rasputin and Alexandra' Control

While tzar Nicholas went to fight the battle at tannenbnburg Alexandra was left to in charge and had to make decision with ministers. Alexander had put full trust on Rasputin and listened to whatever Rasputin decided on.

Proletariat

Working class

Who initiated strikes in March of 1917 and why?

Working-class women initiated the strikes in March of 1917 because they were protesting the price of bread and chanted throughout the city, "Peace and Bread," "Down with the Autocracy".

soviets

local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers -in some cities, they had more influence than the provisional government -formed by revolutionaries who competed for power

What did the Mensheviks want?

menshaviks wanted to follow a more evolutionary path, as opposed to revolutionary, and did not want to overthrow the current government

censorship

no publication, film, art or music is allowed to be published without the permission of the state

how did govt control people?

used violence and terror to control people