The Two Stages of Photosynthesis

Phosphorylation

- ATP is produced by chemiomosis during light reactions - Uses the electrochemical gradient within the thylakoids that was produced by electron transport - Is given its name because a high energy phosphate is added toADP to form ATP during chemiomosis

Water during light reactions

- It is split (lysed) to produce H+ (protons) and electrons - O2 is produced as a waste product

The two products of light reactions that are consumed in dark reactions

1. Electrons from NADPH + H+ 2. Electrons from ATP

The reactants in photosynthesis

1. Light 2. H2O 3. CO2

Products of photosynthesis

1. O2 2. Sugar

The Two Stages of Photosynthesis

1. Light Reactions (Photochemical reactions) 2. Calvin Cycle (Dark Reactions or Carbon Fixation Reactions)

Molecules that are transferred from the dark reactions to the light reactions

1. NADP+ 2. ADP

Molecules that are transferred from the light reactions to the dark reactions

1. NADPH + H+ 2. ATP

Gas consumed in dark reactions

CO2

By-product of light reactions

O2 (released as a waste gas)

Carbon Fixation

The incorporation of carbon into organic compounds Ex: Photosynthesis - CO2 becomes part of organic molecules that turn into sugar

The location of the enzymes that are responsible for producing carbohydrate molecules

The stroma

When dark reactions occur in chloroplasts

When NADPH + H+ and ATP are available

When light reactions occur in chloroplasts

When sunlight is available

The location of the H+ ion reservoir within the chloroplasts

Within the thylakoid membranes

The location of chlorophyll molecules within the chloroplasts

Embedded in the thylakoid membranes (1)

The location of the electron transport within the chloroplasts

Embedded in the thylakoid membranes (2)

The location of the ATP Synthase within the chloroplasts

Embedded in the thylakoid membranes (3)

The reactions that involve chlorophyll molecules

Light reactions

The molecule that serves as an electron acceptor in light reactions

NADP+ - Forms NADPH + H+ when 2 electrons are accepted (reduction)