Theories of leadership 4-5
Even in purely economic terms, in 2010 the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners estimated that businesses around the world lose Blank______ every year to fraudulent activity.
$2.9 billion
The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners estimates that globally businesses lose how much each year due to fraudulent activity?
$2.9 billion
An agent influences a target by giving and taking favors. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called
exchange
The potential influence one has due to the strength of the relationship between the leader and the follower is referred to as power.
referent
In his classic study, Stanley Milgram found that some ____% of individuals followed the requests of their "boss" even though doing so may have gone against their own personal beliefs.
70
Long-term success as a leader requires
A high need for socialized power and a high need for activity inhibition.
Which of the following is likely to have the least amount of power?
A policeman dressed in regular clothes
The notion of 'do what you want others to do to you' refers to which type of thinking?
Care-based
The actions of the Taliban against women in Afghanistan is an example of using which type of power?
Coercive
Which type of bias is present when an individual encourages his client to purchase a product that may not be right for the client, but that would earn the individual a hefty sales commission?
Conflict of interest
Which of the following is not true?
Followers always have less influence over the rest of the group than the leader does.
Which of the following statements regarding referent power is not true?
Followers with little referent power usually find it easy to deviate from group norms.
In contrast to previous generations, which group believes that leaders have to earn their positions, not be given them based on seniority?
Gen Xers
The group of workers identified by Zemke as entrepreneurial individuals who embrace change and take a free agency approach to their jobs are the ______.
Gen Xers
The question of whether you should tell authorities that your spouse has a highly contagious and dangerous disease or protect her privacy is an example of which ethical dilemma?
Individual versus community
Who has the greater capacity to influence followers?
Leaders who have the ability to use rewards and punishments.
_____ power is primarily a function of the situation.
Legitimate
Which type of power is most likely to be used in a crisis situation?
Legitimate power
Which of the following is not one of the six composites that comprise Miner's motivation to manage?
Maintaining good relationships with subordinates
_____ doubt the wisdom of traditional racial and sexual categorizing and seek seeking teamwork, security, and work-life balance as they move into the workplace.
Millennials
Which of the following is true about the dual-process theory of moral judgment proposed by Joshua Greene?
Moral judgments concerned primarily with "rights" and "duties" are made by automatic emotional responses.
Which of the following is not part of the concept of moral potency?
Moral justification
An individual who tells his superiors that he is responsible for completing 90% of the work done by his group is probably guilty of which type of bias?
Overclaiming credit
When we overestimate the quality of our own work and contributions to our team, we are showing which type of bias?
Overclaiming credit
All of the following are true of Theory Y except
People are not naturally industrious
Individuals who are relatively selfish, impulsive, uninhibited, and lacking in self-control have a high need for which type of power?
Personalized power
Which of the following are nonverbal gestures of power? (Check all that apply.)
Pointing Staring Touching
Studies by McClelland and also by Miner use which method of assessing the need for power?
Projective personality tests
As a result of his decisions in his personal life, Tiger Woods lost which type of power?
Referent
Many people admire Michael Dell and see him as a role model. Which type of power does Dell have?
Referent
Which type of power does an individual who is admired and seen as a role model have?
Referent
Which type of thinking can be characterized as 'following the highest principle or duty'?
Rule-based
Deciding how to balance spending time with your children versus making a bigger commitment to your career is an example of which type of dilemma?
Short-term versus long-term
The four generations of values identified by Zemke include each of the following except _____.
Techies
Successful managers typically subscribe to
Theory Y
Which of the following is not true of female managers?
They are more likely to act out of self-interest.
In the context of influence tactics, identify a feature of coalition tactics that is different from that of consultation.
They are used when agents seek the aid or support of others to influence a target.
Which of the following is an effective team leader's ideal job?
To create the conditions for the team to be successful
True or false: As demonstrated by Michelle Obama's gaffe at a dinner at Buckingham Palace, cultural differences can impact power.
True
True or false: Effective leaders know how the influence tactics they use affect others.
True
If you want to minimize status differentials with subordinates, what should you do at a meeting with them?
You should sit at a circular table.
When an individual justifies his behavior by comparing it to to even more heinous behavior he is using
advantageous comparison.
Several significant people in an alcoholic's life, such as spouse, children, employer, or neighbor, agree to confront the alcoholic in unison about the many dimensions of his or her problem. This is an example of an influence tactic called _____.
coalition tactic
A policeman giving a ticket is an example of ____ power.
coercive
Cult leader Jim Jones is an example of a leader using _____ power.
coercive
A minister establishes a committee of church members to help plan the layout and use of a new church addition. In this scenario, the minister uses an influence tactic called _____.
consultation
An agent asks a target to participate in planning an activity. In this scenario, the agent uses an influence tactic called _____.
consultation
Two politicians agree to vote for each other's pet legislation despite minor misgivings about each other's bills. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called _____.
exchange
In order to be successful in the operating room, a brain surgeon must have ______ power.
expert
When an individual shows a systematic pattern of acts of kindness towards people who are like them, they are demonstrating _______ ______.
in-group favoritism
Individuals in a clique who sit next to each other at a circular table
increase their power.
The change in a target agent's attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors as the result of influence tactics refers to _______.
influence
In the context of influence tactics, when an agent attempts to get a target person in a good mood before making a request, Blank______ occurs.
ingratiation
A minister's impassioned plea to members of a congregation about the good works that could be accomplished if a proposed addition to the church were built is an example of an influence tactic called _____.
inspirational appeal
An agent makes requests to targets based on his or her position or authority. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called _____.
legitimizing tactic
Individuals like Sergeant York who rationalize their behavior as they fight and kill in war situations use ______ justification.
moral
According to the text, how people vary in their motivation to influence and control others refers to _______..
need for power
Research shows that the relationship between how we think we should act and our actual behavior is
often inconsistent.
All of the following are bases of power except ____ power.
organized
The status differential between members of a group is called the _____.
pecking order
A sentence that opens with, "John, we have known each other a long time and I have never asked anything of you before" represents the beginning of an influence tactic called _____.
personal appeal
Agents ask another to do a favor out of friendship. In this scenario, the agents use an influence tactic called _____.
personal appeal
The capacity to produce effects on others or the potential to influence others refers to
power
A judge who gives Samuel, a convicted prisoner, a suspended sentence but tells him to consider the suspension a "sword hanging over his head" if he breaks the law again is using an influence tactic called _____.
pressure tactic
An agent uses threats or persistent reminders to influence targets. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called _____.
pressure tactic
A politician's adviser explains how demographic changes in the politician's district make it important for the politician to spend relatively more time in the district seeing constituents than he or she has in the recent past. In the context of influence tactics, this scenario is most likely an example of _____.
rational persuasion
An agent uses logical arguments or factual evidence to influence others. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called _____.
rational persuasion
The Stanford prison experiment highlighted the role of the ____ in the leader power equation.
situation
True or false: Although most people purport to judge others by their merits, research shows that implicit prejudice often distorts their judgments.
true
True or false: Good leaders are open to being influenced by subordinates.
true
True or false: It is important for leaders to internalize a strong set of ethics.
true
True or false: One's ethical judgments are negatively affected by conflicts of interest.
true
True or false: Stanley Milgram found that many people will obey an authority figure even when doing so is in conflict with their conscience.
true
Constructs representing generalized behaviors or states of affairs that are considered by the individual to be important are known as
values.
Hume and Smith argued that ________ are central to moral judgment.
emotions
Leaders who show they understand the world as we see and experience it show ______.
empathy
Thinking that is characterized as 'do what's best for the greatest number of people' is referred to as ______ thinking.
ends-based
Principles of right conduct or a system of moral values are referred to as
ethics
An agent influences a target by giving and taking favors. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called .
exchange
power is the power of knowledge.
expert
Avolio and his associates have defined ethical leadership as having eight core components.
false
True or false: Authentic leaders are inconsistent in their values, their beliefs, and their actions.
false
A salesperson's good-natured or flattering banter with a customer before the customer makes a decision about purchasing a product is an example of an influence tactic called _____.
ingratiation
An agent makes a request or proposal designed to arouse enthusiasm or emotions in a target person. In this scenario, the agent uses an influence tactic called _____.
inspirational appeal
Values that refer to modes of behavior are called ___ values.
instrumental
Leaders who demonstrate their commitment to higher principles through their actions demonstrate strong _______.
integrity
Which types of power are best for a leader to use?
it depends on the situation
A coach deciding who will play in a game is an example of power being exercised.
legitimate
An individual's formal or official authority is called ______ power.
legitimate
A principal asks a teacher to be on the school's curriculum committee, and the teacher accedes to the request despite reservations because it is the principal's prerogative to appoint any teacher to that role. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called _____.
legitimizing tactic
The potential to influence others due to one's control over desired resources is power.
reward
Power is a function of the leader, the follower, and the .
situation
True or false: It is necessary to exercise power in order for it to have effect.
false
True or false: McClelland found that individuals with a high need for power are guaranteed leadership success.
false
True or false: Studies show that predictions of ethical behavior are generally consistent with actual behavior.
false
Prejudice that occurs without the individual's awareness refers to _________ prejudice.
implicit
True or false: Male managers are more likely to involve others when developing strategy.
false
A manager who chooses a job applicant who is more like herself rather than another applicant who is not like her is demonstrating _______ _______.
in-group favoritism
Coercive power can be thought of as being the opposite of ______ power.
reward
Employee of the month and special parking spots are examples of using ____ power to influence behavior.
reward
