***Theories of MFT

debts/filial responsibility

(Contextual Family Therapy) As an account for the child's experience of the degrees of fairness and ethical consideration from their parents toward them, parents will either earn debts (resulting in destructive entitlement) or filial responsibility (resulting in loyalty).

Deparentification Process

(Contextual Family Therapy) This is a two part process.(1) The therapist becomes temporarily parentified to relieve the parentified child and then (2) addresses the larger spectrum of family dynamics to work toward systemic change.

Entitlement

(Contextual Family Therapy) What individuals are inherently due from others in their family as well as what is earned from others based upon behavior toward them.

loyalty

(Contextual Family Therapy) an individual's internalized expectations of and obligations to his or her family of origin. This concept is assumed to exert a powerful influence over the individual's functioning.

Multidirectional Partiality

(Contextual Family Therapy) Clinical stance that therapists are accountable to everyone whose well being is potentially affected by their intervention. Requires keeping channels open among all family members. Every intervention must serve the best interests of everyone involved.

Merit

(Contextual Family Therapy) Merit is earned when parents are responsible and ethical with the equitable asymmetry within the parent-child relationship. If they are ethical and fair, they earn merit, which rewards them with loyalty from their childhood as they mature into adults. (deserving of reward or praise)

ledger

(Contextual Family Therapy) The manner in which individuals within a family keep track of and balance debts and entitlements.

Exoneration

(Contextual Family Therapy) The process in which an individual restores balance within his or her ledger. Free/clear "charges"

Destructive Entitlement

(Contextual Family Therapy) This results when individuals experience the denial of entitlement from their family of origin, and in turn, seek what they believed to be owed to them through a different relationship—typically, their family of creation.

Equitable Asymmetry

(Contextual Family Therapy) the unequal, but healthy, degree of care and consideration given by parents toward children. --children are not able to care for themselves and are entirely dependent upon their parents—making them both incredibly vulnerable or delightfully entitled based upon the circumstances of their upbringing.

revolving slate of injustice

(From contextual theory) the generational perpetuation of destructive entitlement where one generation damages the next innocent generation. The process is reinforced by earned destructive entitlement and is the chief factor in family and marital dysfunction.

split filial loyalty

(From contextual theory), if parents require the child to choose between them, the child must be loyal to one at the expense of his/her loyalty to the other. The child becomes symptomatic as he/she attempts to bring the parents together.

legacy

(contextual) Certain attributes or qualities that are attributed to an individual as an account of being born to his or her parents.

First order change vs. Second order change

*pay attention to family change First order change: -superficial change, doesn't directly impact rules of family or create long term change (e.g. cycle of parents fight > child acts out > parents come together to discipline child [intervention: first order change: parents come to therapy and agree to work together to discipline child. This behavioral change may reduce child acting out short term, but when parents begin to fight the symptom will re-emerge/continue the pattern. -change that occurs at the BEHAVIORAL level only regarding family patterns of interaction second order change: -change fundamental rules of system, creates lasting change -change that occurs at the level of FAMILY BELIEFS or RULES that govern patterns of interaction. -establish new perspectives between people

Object relational theorists typically think...

- When you are born the story begins, you become defined by that story- can fade, but never erased- First primary relationship shapes who you are-Internal Voice-Whatever damage is done is done—can learn to limp.

How Treatment is Closed for Satir Experiential Therapy

--For the placator: Rapport is established when client openly disagrees with therapist --For the Blamer: increase awareness of others --For the Supper-reasonable: value the internal --For the irrelevent: increase client's ability to recognize thoughts and feelings of self Ultiiate goal/how its determined successful: Congruent: goal is to move people towards congruent communication, in which they respectfully balance needs for self and others and appropriately acknowledge context

Differences between 3 types of epistimology -Premodernism -Modernism -Post-modernism

--Premodernsim "T": felt truth/ ultimate truth Authority: Church (e.g., religion has a premodern view that we exist because God chose us as his children). Can be too authoritarian/closed minded --Modernism "t": truth is hypothetical and derived from empiricism/science. We know truth based on theory. Authority: university --Postmodernism "t+p+p": there is no absolute truth, there is truth through hypothetical in addition to personal and political/society Authority: self

Assessments for suicidal risk and ideation

-Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS)-Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II)-Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)

Difference between 1st generation of bowenian therapy (Bowen's approach) and 2nd gneeration of bowenian therapy (Guerin and Fogarty's approach):

-Bowen focused on the entire family of origin and assumed that change within the family of origin will influence change in the individual. -Guerin and Fogarty ONLY focused on members of the family origin if they were directly related to the problem of the client. The purpose of only included member directly invovled, rather than the entire system, was to detriangulate emotional processes within the nuclear family.

Key Themes of Satir Experiential Approach

-Individuals are naturally growth oriented, intrisically striving toward fulfilled potential, wholeness, and authenticity

What are useful assessment instruments for distinguishing between normal reactions to the crisis event and reactions that are excessive or reflect a pre-existing condition or disorder?

-Mental status exams-Rapid assessment instruments (RAIs)-Semi-structured interviews

Shared themes of classical approach to MFT

-based on general system's theory -brief (10 sessions or less) - action-oriented -interventions aimed at symptom relief

7 principles of a stable marriage Gottman

-building a love map -express fondness/admiration -turn toward one another -accept influence -solve problems -manage conflict and overcome gridlock -create shared meaning

According to contextual family theory, as an account for the child's experience of the degrees of fairness and ethical consideration from their parent's loyalty toward them, parents will either earn debts (resulting in ____________) or filial responsibility (resulting in ____________).

-debts result in destructive entitlement -filial responsibility results in loyalty

After a problem is defined in MRI therapy, the therapist will estimate a solution (positive feedback) which is maintaining the problem (unwanted behavior). 3 ways this may show up include

-deny problem exists (intervention: ACT) - attempts to solve problem that actually does not exist ( intervention STOP ACTING) -attempts impossible solution (intervention: ACT DIFFERENT:Y)

Duty to warn must have which two things to act

-evidence of imminent risk to an identified individual or group -potential of death is imminent (may not warn if the threat is not death, example if HIV exposure was the threat the therapist may not break confidentiality)

Collaborative therapist role

-facilitate collaborative relationships and generative, two-way dialogical conversations -conversational partners/withness/develop mutual new understandings with clients -not knowing -client is expert -assess who is talking about the problem and how does each understand the problem, and assess clients worldview

Themes of Structural Family Therapy

-families are a system structured through set patterns and rules that govern interactions -there are multiple sets of subsystems that are interdependent with the whole -Family structure may be understood as a an organized pattern in which families interact within- compromised of roles, communication, styles, and interactional styles that are determined by covert and overt rules.

2 goals of bowen's intergenerational therapy

-increase differentiation -decrease emotional reactivity to anxiety in system

Symbolic-Experiential Family Therapy Key Themes

-individuals thrive in environments with safety an support which allow for open expression and nurture authentic growth -sessions are spontaneous rather than structured -therapist should be authentic and show their real anxieties and emotiona reactions in sessions to evoke emotional experience of the family as well -emphasizes co-being and co-becoming (growth experienced through interaction and dialogue) -the therapist uses his/her own experience and craziness, to influence family members' internal meanings, thereby changing dysfunctional patterns.

Shared themes of transgenerational models

-informed by psychoanalytic theory as it applies to the family system - long-term - insight & working through (rather than symptom relief) - unresolved conflictual patterns are transmitted across generations -early childhood experience influence adult experience -genograms -history taking -transference and countertransference as therapeutic tools -

to break confidentiality regarding a client's suicidal ideation requites the presence of what 3 things

-plan -access to plan -intent to follow through

dysfunction is conceptualized as ___________ in strategic therapy

-symptoms stem from faulty organization within family and service to function in maintaining its structure and homeostasis/resitance to change. - Family life cycle results in positive feedback loops that disrupt homeostasis. Failing to adjust to family life cycle results in development/maintence of symptoms and ongoing problems.

Suicide screening questions

1. Being with questions that address feelings about living.2. Follow up with questions that address specific thoughts about death, suicide, and self-harm.3. For clients who have thoughts about death, suicide, or self harm, follow up with more specific questions about those thoughts and about a suicide plan, intent, and lethality.4. For clients who have attempted suicide or engaged in self harm, follow up with more specific questions about those incidents.5. As appropriate, follow up with questions that address the client's risk for harm to others.

Satir Experiential Approach 3 themes of assessment

1. Family's system's symptomatic behavior 2. Communication patterns and stances 3. Influence and exploration of family of origin's issues

Goals of Satir Experiential Therapy

1. Increase congruent communication (Move from survival stance to congruent stance) 2. Improved self-esteem including recognition and appreciation for the individuality of each family member 3. Growth - as a self-esteem is recognized and nurtured, individuals are able to actualized their growth potential (o Congruent communication: help families develop ways for all members to communicate so that the system's homeostasis no longer needs the initial symptoms/problems to maintain balance o Self-actualization: fulfilling one's potential and living meaningfully self-compassion: ability to accept one's strengths and weaknesses Example: reduce defensiveness and increase self-worth/self-compassion Move from survival stance to congruent stance)

Satir Communications Therapists 4 Primary Assumptions

1. People naturally tend toward positive growth 2. All people posses the resources for positive growth 3. Every person and everything or situation impact and are impacted by everyone and everything else 4. Therapy is a process involving interaction between the therapist and client; and in the relationship each person is responsible for theirself.

5 Part structure of Early Milan Family Therapy

1. Pre-session: team meets without family to build hypothesis 2. Session: team meets with family to check hypothesis (validate or modify) 3. Intersession: team meets alone to discuss/form intervention 4. Intervention: therapist returns to family to deliver intervention as a positive connotation or prescription of a ritual (always use paradox and state interventions against change to address family's natural resistance to change) 5. Post-session discussion: team debriefs and makes plans and hypotheses for next session

Madanes Strategic-Humanism states that all problems stem from conflict between LOVE and VIOLENCE. 4 ways individuals attempt to resolve this conflict are through:

1. dominate and control-->behavioral problems 2. desire to be loved --> anxious/depressive problems 3. love and protect --> abuse/neglect 4. repent and forgive --> sexual/physical abuse

Robert's 7 stage crisis intervention model

1. plan and conduct a thorough biopsychosocial and lethality/imminent danger assessment; 2. make psychological contact and rapidly establish the collaborative relationship; 3. identify the major problems, including crisis precipitants; 4. encourage an exploration of feelings and emotions; 5. generate and explore alternatives and new coping strategies; 6. restore functioning through implementation of an action plan; 7. plan follow-up and booster sessions.

Strategic first session

1st session: -social stage: therapist observant regarding how family interacts -problem stage: what brings in -interaction stage: observing family talking about problem -goal setting: *strategic part* define goals and have family sign contact and plan for how goals will be accomplished. Therapist will assign a task/homework at home.

Rational Emotive Therapy

A Cognitive Therapy based on Albert Ellis' theory that cognitions control our emotions and behaviors; therefore, changing the way we think about things will affect the way we feel and the way we behave. ABC model, antecedent-events in family, B-influenced by irrational beliefs, and result in a problem C

Domain 3 Milan Family Therapists viewed the use of interventions as nothing more than a ___________ in which the therapist tests hypotheses and interventions through trial and error as they learn about the family.

A Learning Process

negative feedback loop

A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving

Domain 3 A well-defined system is characterized by what two primary elements? (structural)

A functioning spousal subsystem and clear boundaries between all individuals and subsystems.

Milan Systemic Family Therapy Summary

A theory and therapeutic model influenced by Bateson and the MRI Group, originally developed in Italy by Selvini Palazzoli, Boscolo, Cecchin, and Prata. The primary techniques associated with the early Milan group were rituals and positive connotations. developing a ritualistic technique, invariant prescription, to counteract the dirty game, or power struggle between the parents and their child. Boscolo and Cecchin moved away from the strategic approach, developing a collaborative style of therapy. In this model, problems are maintained when the family holds to an old epistemology that does not fit its current circumstance. The therapist introduces new information indirectly by asking questions and the family solves problems themselves as they develop a new epistemology. The therapist/client interactions within the session are the treatment. In their interviews they displayed a curious attitude about the family and the meanings they derived from their experiences and interchanges.

Functional Family Therapy

A therapeutic approach based on systems theory, cognitive theory, and behavioral principles in which clients are helped to understand the function or interpersonal payoff of certain of their behaviors as a prelude to substituting more effective ways to achieve the same results. (used with adolescents with criminal behavior)

Feminist Family Therapy

A treatment philosophy with a nonsexist, egalitarian view in which the social and familial gender roles of women and men are actively considered, including the perspective that social and cultural structures often give men a greater amount of power and control over political and economic resources.

Domain 3 What is the treatment duration in Symbolic-Experiential?

AS long as needed; generally between 6 months and 2 years

Domain 3 Symbolic-Experiential A symbolic-experiential therapist's effort to reframe symptoms as efforts towards building competence by focusing on the positive attributes of anxiety as a means towards self-growth.

Activating Constructive Anxiety

Domain 3 The therapist's intentional confrontation with the family where he or she will directly and openly share his or her subjective emotional experience of working with the family.

Affective Confrontation

Domain 3 Increasing the emotional intensity of the system to encourage structural change. structural

Affective Intensity

Domain 3 Who is involved in Symbolic-Experiential therapy?

All members of the family, including at least two generations.

Domain 3 What are the goals of therapy? Narrative Family Therapy

Alter the problem-saturated story to better reflect the preferred narrative

Domain 3 What are the goals of therapy? structural

Alter, reorganize, and restructure the family system

Domain 1 A metaphorical or symbolic message (process).

Analogical Message

Domain 3 Who is involved in (early) therapy?

As many family members who are directly related to the problem are included in treatment.

Assessment and diagnosis used in contextual therapy

Assessment: no structured assessment process but like all transgenerational models it emphasizes taking history of family system through out prior generations. - May use genograms Themes of Assessment: -early focus on family resources (help family acquire adequate resoruces to meet basic needs- food, shelter, income, etc.) prior to beginning therapy -Minotor presence and interactions between 4 dimensions of individual and relational psychology (facts, psychology, transactions, relational ethics) -track themes of trust, loyalty, reliability, and fairness Diagnosis: non-pathologizing and maintained a systemic focus on presenting problem

Assessment in object-relational therapy often looks like:

Assessment: no structured. Transgenerational assessments such as gathering rich background through out generations is commonly used. A genogram can be used. Common themes of assessment include: exploring early childhood experiences and the clients interpretation of them, exploring the individuals past and present relationship with primary caregivers, and exploring current relationship style and areas in which they may be struggling to establish healthy, long-term relationships

Domain 1 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy The individual's basic need for trust and security, significantly influenced and developed throughout infancy and early childhood per the child's relation to his or her primary caregiver. _____ in early childhood influences relationship styles throughout adulthood.

Attachment

Ben, the 13-year-old son of a family you are seeing, frequently breaks curfew and comes home late. A Milan systemic therapist might create a ___________ that explains how his behavior serves his family.a. goalb. hypothesisc. family gamed. positive label

B

The overarching focus of Milan therapy is to: a. correct or fix the family's interaction. b. generate new meanings and distinctions for the system that changes the interactional behavior sequences in the family. c. take an active stance to correct the family system. d. maintain the family interaction patterns.

B

All of the following are examples of interventions used in Milan systemic therapy EXCEPT:a. positive connotation.b. paradox.c. circular questions.d. rituals.

B, MRI and strategic use paradox

Domain 3 Symbolic-Experiential After the therapist wins the battle for structure, the family must win this battle - that is, realize and demonstrate that they are responsible for change, not the therapist.

Battle for initiative

Domain 3 Whitaker stated that the therapist must first win this battle if therapy is to be effective - this entails determining who attends the session, what time sessions are, how frequently sessions occur, and for how long. If the family is not willing to meet these expectations set by the therapist, then they are not prepared to invest in the growth process and change would be unlikely.

Battle for structure

Domain 1 Solution Focused Therapy This concept refers to the therapist's stance in SFT. It is important that the therapist maintains an open mind which lends itself to possibilities, while being careful not to exert expertise which limits possibilities. Example: Client reports feeling depressed, therapist does not draw from pre-existing knowledge on depression but instead listens to the client's unique story with depression as if it were their first time learning about what it means.

Beginner's Mind

Domain 3 Occurs when family members attempt to play therapist to one another - this is avoided.

Bilateral Pseudo-Therapy

Domain 3 A Symbolic-Experiential therapist's intentional maneuver to adapt to the language, accent, rhythm, or posture of the family.

Bilateral Transference

Domain 1 Satir Experiential Approach One of Satir's four dysfunctional communication styles. Often disagree with others and hold others responsible for things not going their way. They often feel insecure and powerless and feel that they must go to extreme measures - verbal and/or physical aggression - for anyone to really listen to them. Here, the self and the context are acknowledged, while the other is not.

Blamers (t)

Domain 1 Satir's belief that the __________ interact and influence communication processes at both the verbal and nonverbal level.

Body, Mind, and Feelings

Domain 1 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Attachment theory's term for the process in which individuals form a connection in a relationship that satisfies the primary need for attachment.

Bonding

When the group split, which pair moves away from any use of paradoxical intervention aimed at changing behavior and instead focused exclusively on introducing new information into the family system - an effort in their words, to move toward more of a pure systemic approach to family therapy. The goal became having families create a new epistemology to allow for new ways of operating. Their primary interventions were less directive and more process bases, identified through the concepts of hypothesizing, circularity and neutrality. Circular questioning was the only defined intervention. (Milan therapy)

Boscolo and Cecchin

Domain 1 (structural) Individuals, subsystems, and families are separated from one another by these. This is a hypothetical line of demarcation that serves to protect a family and its subsystems.

Boundaries

Domain 2 (structural) What are the themes and concepts that the therapist must track through the assessment? (4)

Boundaries, Complementarity, Hierarchy, Conflict Management

Domain 3 An intervention in which therapists reinforce appropriate boundaries and diffuse inappropriate boundaries by adapting the interactional patterns of the family's structure. structural

Boundary Making

The following therapist is most associated with multigenerational process of psychopathology

Bowen

Which theory believes that relative birth order is significant in determining specific characteristics?

Bowen's transgenerational

a difference between the two transgenerational models (Bowen's and contextual) is that the therapist's role is ___________ in Bowen. and ___________ in contextual

Bowen- neutral/coach Contextual- multidirectional partiality

Domain 3 What is the treatment duration for this model? Solution Focused Therapy

Brief - will conclude as soon as desired solution is achieved

Domain 1 Who was the primary contributor of symbolic experiential?

Carl Whitaker

positive feedback loop

Causes a system to change further in the same direction.

Domain 3 Offers the family alternative perspectives and views on how they interact with one another.

Challenging Family Assumptions

Domain 3 Offers the family alternative ways of perceiving the role of the symptom in relation to the family's structure. stuctural

Challenging the symptom

3 steps in Change Interactional Patterns and Creating Engagement Stage 2 for EFT

Change interactional patterns and creating engagement. ■Step 5: Promote identification of disowned attachment needs and aspects of self; integrate into relational interactions. ■Step 6: Promote acceptance of partner's experience along with new interaction sequences. ■Step 7: Encourage direct expression of needs and wants while strengthening emotional engagement and attachment bonds. ◇Note: Steps 5-7 first done focusing on withdrawing partner, and then repeated focusing on pursuing partner. (Get the withdrawn member to connect and pursuer will follow)

Domain 1 Solution Focused Therapy SFT view that change is inevitable and _____, that the client's situation is always in flux although these changes often go overlooked.

Change is Constant

Dysfunction is conceptualized as __________ in Satir's Experiential Model

Chaos is present due to an unhealthy status quo: State of homeostasis including at least one symptomatic member.

The therapist asks one family member to comment on the interactions of two other family members to create circularity within the system and help the therapist build a more elaborate hypothesis. (BC) Milan

Circular Questioning

Domain 1 What class does symbolic experiential fit into?

Classical Schools

Domain 1 What class of family therapy is Satir Experiential Approach model under?

Classical Schools

Domain 1 What class does this model fall under? structural

Classical schools

Domain 1 A clear boundary between the parental subsystem and the children establishes the parents in leadership positions. It allows the parents and the children to interact, but supports the couple in a separate relationship, with time to enjoy the mature activities of recreation and pleasure. Healthy families have ____ generational, hierarchical boundaries that allow parents to maintain parental roles and children to maintain child roles.

Clear Boundary

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy In Narrative therapy, after clients had discharged the therapist would welcome them back to serve as _______ on current cases. This would reinforce their growth and maintain the collaborative stance of the therapist.

Clients as Consultants

Domain 3 Whitaker would always work with a ______, as he believed this allowed him to be crazier in session as he could rely on his _____ to ground him. In symbolic-experiential therapy, the ______ team was used as a therapeutic tool.

Co-Therapist

Domain 1 (structural) When two family members join to create a _____ against one another or several family members.

Coalitions

Domain 1 In Satir's approach, all form of behavior are considered _____ and need to be tended to by the individual communicating as well as the recipient. Satir Experiential Approach

Communication

Domain 1 Solution Focused Therapy One of the three types of clients in SFT. _______ are willing to acknowledge that there is a problem, but unwilling to acknowledge their role in it and instead keep focus on others.

Complainant: The complainant is very aware of the problem and is affected by it, but she doesn't see herself as contributing to the problem or its solution. The complainant is burdened by the problem, but she may see the solution as resting outside her influence. The complainant's relationship to therapy is one of compliance--she will attend therapy in order to describe the problem, her frustrations with the problem, as well as those persons contributing to the problem; however, she is not yet able to see how her behavior could alleviate the problem.

Domain 1 (structural) A balanced relationship between two individuals that often results in effective teamwork. The relationship may not be symmetrical - that is, equal parts - but nonetheless balanced.

Complementarity

Domain 3 Solution Focused Therapy SFT therapists will intentionally and consistently _______ and reflect upon client's efforts, strengths, and improvements throughout the entire discourse of therapy.

Compliments

Domain 1 Satir Experiential Approach One of Satir's four dysfunctional communication styles. They are often overly-rational, level-headed, analytical, and speak in a matter-of-fact manner. Use logic and rules. They often fear the vulnerability associated with expressing their true feelings. Here, the context is acknowledged, but the self and other are not.

Computers - supereasonable

Domain 1 The family's capacity to resolve conflict and negotiate effective and balanced solutions.

Conflict Management

Domain 4 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Name the Phase (Cycle De-Escalation and stabilization -4, Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns-3, Consolidation and Integration-2, Termination) Consolidating new positions and cycles of attachment behavior

Consolidation and Integration

Domain 4 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Name the Phase (Cycle De-Escalation and stabilization -4, Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns-3, Consolidation and Integration-2, Termination) Facilitate the emergence of new solutions to old problematic relationship issues.

Consolidation and Integration

4 steps in Consolidation and Integration Stage 3 for EFT

Consolidation and integration. ■Step 8: Facilitate new solutions to old problems. ■Step 9: Consolidate new positions and new cycles of attachment. (Generalize solutions and understanding to all issues)

Domain 1 Narrative Family Therapy The concept that the self is fluid, constantly constructed and deconstructed through interaction with others and the environment.

Constitutionalist Self

Domain 1 Emotionally-Focused Couples Therapy What class foes this model fall under?

Contemporary Class

Domain 3 An intervention used to unravel a family's double-bind message by referring to their dysfunction as legitimate and necessary, and as so, instructing the family not to change.

Couterparadox

Which of the 4 hoursemen defined by Gottman is the most common dysfunctional communication patterns observed in couples headed for divorce?

Criticism

Domain 1 Solution Focused Therapy One of the three types of clients in SFT. ________ acknowledge that there is a problem, are willing to accept their role in it, and are engaged in putting forth effort toward change.

Customer

Domain 4 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Name the Phase (Cycle De-Escalation and stabilization -4, Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns-3, Consolidation and Integration-2, Termination) Access underlying emotions driving the interactional positions. review p 209

Cycle De-Escalation and Stabilization

Domain 4 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Name the Phase (Cycle De-Escalation and stabilization -4, Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns-3, Consolidation and Integration-2, Termination) Identify the negative interactional cycle that maintains attachment insecurity review p 209

Cycle De-Escalation and Stabilization

Domain 4 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Name the Phase (Cycle De-Escalation and stabilization -4, Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns-3, Consolidation and Integration-2, Termination) Reframe the problem as a cycle based on attachment needs/fears.

Cycle De-Escalation and Stabilization

Domain 4 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Name the Phase (Cycle De-Escalation and stabilization -4, Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns-3, Consolidation and Integration-2, Termination) Establish therapeutic alliance and clarify core issues as attachment-based. Review p 209

Cycle De-Escalation and Stabilization

4 steps in De-Escalation of Negative Cycles Stage 1 for EFT

De-escalation of negative cycles. ■Step 1: Create an alliance and delineate conflict in attachment struggle. ■Step 2: Identify the negative interaction cycle. ■Step 3: Access unacknowledged emotions and underlying interactional positions. ■Step 4: Reframe problem in terms of negative cycle and attachment needs; cycle is common enemy. (Build therapy relationship and conceptualize with attachment theory-reframe and externalize the cycle)

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy These questions help individuals to unravel their stories and see them from different perspectives, creating an opportunity for them to decide whether or not to choose to continue identifying with it.

Deconstructing Question

Deconstructing is a term in narrative therapy that ________________

Deconstructing makes the issue more specific and reduces overgeneralizing; it also clarifies what the core issue or issues actually are.

Domain 3 Three categories of being driven crazy, going crazy, or acting crazy. different orientations of craziness as exhibited in dysfunctional families.

Degrees of Craziness

the unwillingness to care about others and results from being mistreated, neglected or exploited by parents. Can also result from "overgiving" of things by a parent while emotionally neglecting the child. Having a "chip on their shoulder" or "acting like the world owes them a living" is a way people describe this in others is known as ____________.

Destructive entitlement

Domain 1 (structural) Boundaries that are permeable and permit fluid contact with other subsystems. May be prone to enmeshment.

Diffuse Boundary

Domain 1 The content of the message (objective).

Digital Message

Domain 1 May be independent or isolated.

Disengaged Systems

A therapist prompts their married couple to share about an infidelity (conflict) that has occured between two of their close friends and process about it. This is an example of which multigenerational intervention? And what is the purpose of the therapist doing this?

Displacement story --purpose is to create distance between the themselves and their problems to encourage rational thinking

Domain 1 Satir Experiential Approach One of Satir's four dysfunctional communication styles. They desperately avoid conflict and will often change the topic of focus or conversation in the midst of escalation. They may also avoid conflict by taking on the role of a placater, blamer, or computer, but quickly shift out of the stance prior to another's reaction. They often feel insignificant and scared inside. Here, the self, other, and context go unacknowledged.

Distractors/Irrelevant (mur)

Domain 2 Narrative Family Therapy How does this model diagnose?

Do not objectively label problems with pathological or systemic diagnoses

A therapist practicing Framo's object-relational approach of therapy may recommend that a couple comes to therapy and presents with the husbands difficulty connecting with his wife due to having an emotionally distant mother to ..................

Do therapy with the husband and his mother, rather than between the couple. The purpose is to WORK THROUGH the CORE relationship that resulted in the INTERNALIZED OBJECT hat FUELED the emotional distance (presenting problem) with his wife will resolve the conflict.

Domain 1 Satir Experiential Approach Satir identified four of these within families. Also known as Survival Stances.

Dysfunctional Communication Styles

Domain 4 Satir Experiential Approach Name the phase (early, middle, later). Status Quo (homeostasis), introduction of a foreign element (the therapist)

Early

Domain 4 Solution Focused Therapy Name the phase (early, middle, later): The therapist joins with the family through non-judgmental interest to create a sense of comfort and safety. The therapist will also address client complaints while giving compliments for presented and/or past strengths and resources.

Early

Difference between Early Milan Group and Late Milan Group

Early Milan Group (Palazzoli and Prata): -founded the Milan Group Center for Study of the Family (Palazzoli) -Influenced by MRI-Group (Bateson's systemic-orientation) and Strategic Family Therapy Approaches (paradoxical interventions etc) -Belief: Family interactions are governed by a set of rules that may be adapted through paradoxical intervention -Structure of therapy: Family was seen by a therapist dyad (one male and one female) and were observed live by a therapy team during sessions. -Duration of therapy: "brief-long-term therapy" - Each session had 5 parts and took place once per month for no more than 10 sessions over the course of a year -two basic interventions: positive connotation and ritual (meant to introduce new ways of thinking into family system. intervention was not dependent on family following through with them but that they would benefit just from considering new ways to think about problem) Late Milan Group (Boscolo and Cecchein): Published Milan Systemic Family Therapy, less adaptive to paradoxical interventions and tried to become a "purer systemic model" -Purpose: introducing new information into family system to move toward a more pure systemic approach to family therapy. -Goal: families create a new epistimology to allow for new ways of operating. - Interventions: less directive and more process based, used hypothesizing, circularity, and neutrality. Circular questioning is the only defined intervention.

Domain 4 Symbolic-Experiential Name the phase of therapy (Early, Middle, Later) Here, the therapist must win the Battle for Structure while the family must win the Battle for Initiative.

Early Phase

Early, Middle, and Late phase of Object-relatonal therapy

Early Phase: assess early childhood, family, relationships past and present, and areas in which they are struggling to form long-term healthy relationships Middle Phase: fostering isnight throug hexploring past relationships, uncovering and udnerstanding meaning of their current behaviors in relation to past experiences during childhood and then work through unresolved internalized conflicts Late Phase: try developing new behaviors in which they interact with themself and others. Reshape internalized objects from the past, freeing the individuals to relate to others in a health way

Domain 3 Having the family experiment with new ways of behaving and interacting, as instructed by the therapist, in the here and now of the therapeutic encounter. (structural)

Enactments In an enactment, family members are asked to talk with each other rather than to the therapist. This serves the dual purpose of allowing the therapist to see firsthand how clients interact, instead of relying on their descriptions, and having clients experience different ways of interacting

Domain 1 (structural) Receive affection and nurturance within the family system but may risk autonomy and outside relationships.

Enmeshed Systems

Domain 1 A set of beliefs that are incongruent with reality and become problematic, such as not believing that one is responsible for his or her own behaviors.

Epistemological Error

Domain 1 The manner in which individuals (families) make sense of the world, including making their relationships to and with others.

Epistemology

Domain 3 Solution Focused Therapy Questions that ask clients to reflect on times when the problem was not present, or when the problem was not a problem. E.g., "Are there any times when the problem is les likely to occur or be less secere?

Exception Question

Domain 1 Symbolic-Experiential The therapist's willingness to both receive the family's reactions to him or her as well as disclose his or her own reactions toward the family.

Existential Encounter

Domain 3 This is a process of expanding the symptom to the system; that is, _______ to include each member, shifting the nature of anxiety within the family and reducing blame and scapegoating.

Expanding Distress

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy Questions oriented toward helping the client to externalize the problem, thereby separating from them in an effort to feel less powerless. These questions usually entail shifting the use of language from identifying the problems as an adjective (i.e., feeling depressed) to a noun (i.e., recognizing the presence of depression).

Externalizing Questions

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy A process that separates the problem from the person, often personifying the problem into its own external entity. The manner in which the problem becomes externalized is based upon the client's use of language and expressed lived reality.

Externalizing the Problem

Domain 3 How was (early) therapy set up?

Families were seen by a male/female dyad and observed by other members of the therapy team.

Domain 1 Healthy family interaction in Experiential Therapy is traditionally characterized through flexibility and openness to life experiences.

Family Interaction

A parent stating "our family doesn't talk about pain" is an example of which Bowinian concept ____________

Family Projection Process

Domain 3 A process in which an individual re-experiences the development of their primary triad across several generations.

Family Reconstruction

Domain 3 An in-session intervention where family members are asked to place other family members in positions symbolic of their role in the family from the perception of the sculptor. Family members will take turns going about this process while reflecting on the experiences and interpretations throughout.

Family Sculpting

Domain 3 Discussing problematic or stressful situations in fantasy-based, "what if" terms or deemphasizing stressful situations by suggesting absurd ______ (e.g., maybe if you medicated your husband, he wouldn't be so emotional)

Fantasy Alternative

Gregory Bateson

Father of Cybernetics.

Domain 1 Who was the first and secondary contributor? of structural family therapy

First: Minuchin Second: Aponte

Domain 3 Symbolic-Experiential When a family would abruptly stop showing up for treatment, Whitaker would take this as a positive sign that the family experienced sudden and profound growth and no longer require therapeutic support. Whitaker would always be supportive of a family's request to terminate therapy regardless of the phase of treatment.

Flight Toward Health

Focus of object-relational theory

Focuses on the reciprocal relationship between a Mother and her infant and its effect on the infants development of sense of self.

Domain 3 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Engaging clients to remain attuned to the creation of new, more responsive interactional patterns and expressing primary emotions (not getting caught up in managing day-to-day conflict).

Focusing the Session

When is hospitalization appropriate for a therapist to recommend?

For a client who has just attempted suicide or is in imminent risk for suicide as indicated by the presence of a specific suicide plan with access to lethal means in conjunction with other risk factors such as impaired judgment and problem solving skills, impulsive behavior, severe mental illness or chemical dependency, a lack of social support, and/or a history of previous suicide attempts.

Domain 3 Solution Focused Therapy In SFT, the therapist will use the first session to shift the attention of the individual or family toward the overlooked positive aspects of their situation. This occurs through illuminating upon times when the problem is not present as well as exploring strengths and resources. This sets the stage for therapy being solution-focused as opposed to problem-focused.

Formula First Session Task

multidirectional partiality

From Nagy's contextual family therapy, the clinical stance of the therapist in which the therapist is accountable to, and supportive of, every relevant member, even when it necessitates accepting contradictory positions within a conflict. The therapist strives for neutrality, joins with each family member, and keeps communication open with all members.

Domain 1 Unacknowledged strategies that result in destructive interactions within families - often, games are unspoken and used as attempts to control another's behavior.

Games

Nothing exists except in the now. This statement was likely made by a: a. psychoanalyst b. transgenerational therapist c. Gestalt therapist d. none of the above

Gestalt therapist : focuses on present moment

Changing the manner in which people talk about themselves, their problems, and the world at large - making room for new meanings and adapting the lived narrative both individually and collectively. Goal of therapy or therapeutic approach? Collaborative Therapy

Goal of therapy

Stategic therapist always encourage both parents to be present for therapy and the primary goals are to _________________

Goals: alter behavioral interactions of family membrt to achieve symptom relief and also change the structure of the family and parental hierarchy

founder of MRI who created a model who created integrated human communication processes model.

Gregory Bateson

strategic humanism

Haley and Madanes's more recent model is oriented toward increasing family members' ability to soothe and love rather than to gain control over one another.

Object Relations theory help psychoanalysts by..

Helping to understand why people find themselves in relationships that appear to be maladaptive and self destructive

Domain 1 (structural) The physical structure of the family as determined by the system's rules, boundaries, and interactional patterns.

Hierarchy

Domain 1 Solution Focused Therapy In SFT, the therapist is intentional about maintaining the presence of _____ that things will improve and get better for the client.

Hope

Domain 3 Continual process of conceptualizing the nature of the family's behavior that guide questioning and interventions.

Hypothesizing

Domain 2 Narrative Family Therapy Name the domain during assessment phase: The therapist will intentionally draw attention to times in the client's life when the problem is not a problem. These can occur historically, presently, or be future-oriented by engaging imagination and anticipation.

Identifying unique outcomes

Domain 3 What are the goals for this Symbolic-Experiential?

Increase family members' sense of belongingness and encourage freedom to individuate 1. increase level of stress 2. development of family nationalism - shared anxiety 3. expand family relationships with extended family 4. Expand relationships to culture and community 5. Develop sense of family boundaries 6. Separate generations 7. Family learns to play 8. Develop we-they. Therapist and family split 9. Explode the myth of individuality - create family unit 10. Each member should be more themselves

Domain 1 Symbolic-Experiential A primary goal in growth-oriented therapies, encouraging each individual family member in becoming more and more of who they are.

Individuation

Domain 3 The therapist can achieve this by increasing the affective component of an interaction, by increasing the length of a dialogue, or by repeating the same message in different interaction through the use of tone, volume, and pacing. (structual)

Intensity

Domain 1 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Dichotomous _____ of relating such as the pursuer-distancer or attacker-blamer relationship pattern.

Interactional Patterns

Domain 4 Milan Name the part of the session (early): The team would meet privately to discuss and form an intervention.

Intersession

Domain 1 Structural family therapists are continually stepping in and out of the family raising intensity, and unbalancing the system through swift and strategic interventions.

Intervening

Domain 4 Milan Name the part of the session (early): The therapist would return to deliver the intervention to the family. The intervention would take the form of either a positive connotation or prescription of a ritual - either of which were always given in the form of a statement leaning against change (use of paradox to address family's natural resistance to change0.

Intervention

Stages of Satir's Growth Model

Intervention: 6 Stages of Satir's Growth Model • Status Quo: homeostasis with symptomatic member(s) • Introduction of Foreign Element: gets system off balance • Chaos • Integration of New Possibilities: interprets new information in a meaningful way • Practice: develops new pattern • New Status Quo: homeostasis without symptomatic member

This was a concept introduced by Karl Tomm used to help families in finding new ways of communicating, behaving, and creating meaning. Collaborative Therapy

Inventive Questioning: Use 'Why? What If?' and other inventive questions to challenge your assumptions and turn your findings inside out and upside down.

Domain 1 Emotionally-Focused Couples Therapy Who were the primary contributors?

Johnson, Greenberg

Domain 3 (structural) An intentional maneuver by the therapist to establish a therapeutic relationship with the family system. The therapist will adapt to the family's communication pattern and other mannerisms to create a comfortable therapeutic space.

Joining & Accomodating

Domain 4 Name the three phases of therapy structure in structural family therapy

Joining and accommodating phase, Mapping the family structure phase, intervening phase

Domain 2 Narrative Family Therapy Name the domain during assessment phase: During the joining and assessment phase, the therapist will intentionally inquire about learning of the individual in ways not related to the problem. This sets the stage for externalizing the problem, identifies strengths and resources, and expands the client's sense of self beyond the problem and toward competence.

Knowing the person apart from the problem

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy Questions that explore specific situations and efforts that are congruent with the preferred narrative.

Landscape of Action Questions

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy Once there is a clear understanding of the preferred narrative, these questions serve to explore the meanings within the preferred narrative. For instance, how does the client's preferred narrative of spending more quality time with family reflect upon them as a person.

Landscape of Meaning questions

_____ is at the foundation of this approach, and therapists will intentionally adapt to the style and form of _____ used by clients as a means of joining and entering their internal worlds. Collaborative Therapy

Language

Domain 1 Solution Focused Therapy By attending to the _________ used by clients, therapists can gain an understanding of their lived reality and how they experience the meaning of situations, relationships, others, and self.

Language and Meaning

Domain 4 Satir Experiential Approach Name the phase (early, middle, later). Practice/Implementation (experience change and explore feelings openly), attainment/the new status quo

Later

Domain 4 Solution Focused Therapy Name the phase (early, middle, later): The therapist continues to inquire about positive patterns, and as they occur, the therapist encourages the client to be intentional about doing more of what is working. If no positive patterns are emerging, the therapist will explore the client's situation in greater detail through a process of deconstruction.

Later

Domain 4 Symbolic-Experiential Name the phase of therapy (Early, Middle, Later) The family begins to operate as a mobile milieu therapy unit within the family/co-therapist suprasystem.

Later Phase

Domain 1 Satir Experiential Approach Satir considered them to be those demonstrating functional and effective communication styles. They can be open and honest in their communication and display genuine receptiveness as they listen to others. They are able to acknowledge the self, the other, and the context through communicative interactions.

Levelers *GOAL*

Domain 2 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Exploring how partners engage each other and identifying each individual's role in the creation and maintenance of negative interactional patterns.

Looking Beterrn

Domain 2 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Exploring how each partner constructs his or her emotional experience of relatedness.

Looking Within

Which therapy model gathers clear/brief description of problem. Once problem is understood the therapist identifies the behavioral international patterns that maintain it and intervene with the ue of paradoxical intervention.

MRI

Which therapy model is unique in that there are typically very few family members involved (only 1 or two) however, it is not uncommon for there to be a team of therapists utilized in sessions.

MRI

Domain 1 Which two models influenced the Early Milan Group?

MRI Group and Strategic Family Therapy

Difference between first order change and second order change according to an MRI therapist

MRI: •First-order Change: change that occurs at the BEHAVIORAL level only regarding family patterns of interaction •Second-order Change: change that occurs at the level of FAMILY BELIEFS or RULES that govern patterns of interaction.

Important people involved in MRI

MRI: Don Jackson founded MRI, Virginia Satir, Jay Haley, John Weakland, Richard Fisch (MRI brief therapy), and Paul Watzlawick https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVEf5Ca95Wk

Major stages in family development in which structural family therapists acknowledge that family renegotiates boundaries to define levels of closeness/differentiation to support members' growth needs.

Major stages in family development • Couple formation • Families with young children • Families with school-age or adolescent children • Families with grown children

Role of Therapist in Satir Experiential model

Making contact: establish contact/trust with individuals and then work to help family members make contact with each other and eventually larger social systems • Connect with clients on every level (ie. Self-mandala: physically, emotionally, intellectually, spiritually, etc.) • Make direct eye contact, get on their level, shake hand, ask name • Express empathy: acknowledging this is how the client feels, it is their truth during that experience. Therapist honor the clients unique experience without validating it as right or wrong. o Example: "It sounds like you felt betrayed." • Convey Hope: instill hope for change, things can be better • Establish credibility: encourage clients to believe in therapy

Domain 2 Narrative Family Therapy Name the domain during assessment phase: Essentially, the therapist will explore ways in which the problem has affected the client as well as how the client has affected the life of the problem.

Mapping effects

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy This process entails exploring the role that the person has had on the life of the problem.

Mapping the influence of the person

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy This process entails exploring the role that the problem has had on the individual's life.

Mapping the influence of the problem

Gottman is known for his work on

Marital stability and relationship analysis through scientific direct observations. Understands dysfunction and health in marital relationships. Aim: Improve relationship functioning and avoidance of those behaviors that harm human relationships

Duty to Warn

Mental health professional's responsibility to break confidentiality and notify the potential victim whom a client has specifically threatened. *therapist should consult with local state bylaws when situations inolving duty to warn may arise because state laws vary

Domain 1 Refers to the command aspect of communication - the communication about communication in reference to the relationship. Typically, a non-verbal or implied message.

Metacommunication

Domain 3 Satir considered ______ as powerful tools for promoting change, often using them to communicate ideas that language cannot directly describe - this is particularly useful when introducing threatening material.

Metaphors

Domain 4 Satir Experiential Approach Name the phase (early, middle, later). Chaos (homeostasis disrupted), New possibilities/new options and integration (uncovers possibility for change and more adaptive ways of communicating)

Middle

Domain 4 Solution Focused Therapy Name the phase (early, middle, later): The client and therapist collaboratively identify how the problem will be solved and how they will know when the problem has been resolved.

Middle

Domain 4 Symbolic-Experiential Name the phase of therapy (Early, Middle, Later) Achieve reorganization around the interpersonally expanded symptom.

Middle Phase

The ________ approach uses more language-basd interventions, such as reframing and circular questions in comparison to MRI or strategic approaches, which have more action-oriented interventions. This approach also refers to family interactions as family games and use positive connotation to reframe symptoms.

Milan

Assessment in Milan therapy

Milan Assessment: hypothesizing was used through the team approach for ongoing assessment through out the duration of treatment. When new information was provided further assessment was gained. Initital assessment was done through phone call to gather demographic info and overview of family to present to the team to begin hypothesizing during pre-sessions which would be validted or readjusted during the session phase of each meeting.

Domain 3 An intentional maneuver by the therapist to join and accommodate with the family by replicating their body language, use of expressive language, mannerisms, and other observable behaviors to create a comfortable, trusting therapeutic space. (Structural)

Mimesis

Of the following, the most strictly system-oriented is:a. Satirb. Minuchinc. Ackermand. Framo

Minuchin

Domain 3 Solution Focused Therapy In SFT, the therapist will ask the client to describe what their lives would look like without the problem, as well as define what would be different to the point that they would know the problem was resolved or no longer present. This question comprises components of assessment, goal setting, and intervention.

Miracle Question

Domain 1 Satir Experiential Approach The process in which a developing child begins to make sense of his or her parents' differences, internalizing various perceptions of their behavior toward one another which will ultimately serve as a road map for his or her relational behaviors toward others.

Model integration analysis: Is the growing child's method for making sense of his parents' differences and the way he selects those aspects of parental male/female role models that become a blueprint for his behavior and expectations.

Domain 3 A key component to Satir's approach to working with families with was the therapist's capacity to effectively _____ functional, healthy, ______.

Modeling Communication

2 feminist-bowenian therapists who emphasize the impact of gender and ethnicityin multigenerational family therapy ____________ & _________

Monica McGoldrick (ethnicity) Betty Carter

​ The broad scope of feminist thought goes far beyond gender considerations. __________ issues are equally relevant to the therapeutic enterprise.​ Which? -Behavioral and cognitive​ -Person-centered​ -Multicultural and social justice​ -Diagnostic

Multicultural and social justice​

This major model developer believed that, in order for a therapist to remain detached, neutral, and non-anxious with clients, he or she must lower their level of reactivity to their own family of origin. Who was the model developer?

Murray Bowen Developed the intergenerational Family Theory

Domain 1 Who were the secondary contributors of this symbolic experiential? (5)

Napier, Keith, Kempler (introduced themes of Gestalt Therapy e.g., unfinished business to working with families, Malone, Roberto

Domain 1 Narrative Family Therapy This describes the primary tool people use to make sense of their lived experiences - that is, story and narratives as a ______.

Narrative Metaphor

2 post-modern theories are collaborative and narrative therapies. What are the differences between the two?

Narrative therapists - - structured interventions with set questions - therapist i co-editor/co-author - addresses social justice issues - focus on content/story/narrative Collaborative therapists - - no interventions - focus on process through co-exploration and co-creation of new understandings - therapist is the facilitator - addresses political issues -honor client's agency by allowing them to make meaning and determine what to do with the new information

Domain 3 The therapist's stance of being open to multiple hypotheses regarding the family's behavior.

Neutrality & Irreverence

Domain 2 Satir Experiential Approach How did this approach diagnose?

Non-pathologizing and strengths based

Domain 2 Solution Focused Therapy How does this model go about diagnosing?

Non-pathologizing and strengths based

Identifies the stance of the therapist in avoiding any identification with the role of expert, diagnostician, or interventionist. Instead, therapists remain open and curious to the lived experience of each individual, as only the individual can serve as expert on his or her own life. Collaborative Therapy

Not-Knowing Approach

incongruous hierarchies

Occurs when children create symptoms in an attempt to change their parents.

Domain 3 What are the goals of (early) therapy?

Open families to accommodating and adjusting to new information and beliefs to maintain healthy systemic functioning.

Strategic family therapists define ___________ as pairing an unpleasant task a client must do when the symptom occurs. E.g., when parent's argue they have to buy each other $100 gift. Whenever kid misbehaves he must baby sit yonger sister. or a swear jar

Ordeal. continue symptomatic behavior but must do non-prefered activity

Domain 3 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Creating coherence between partners by reflecting/summarizing the growth and change as it takes place throughout the discourse of treatment.

Organizing

When the group split, which pair became focused on interrupting the destructive family games which disturbed families through the use of invariant prescription? (Milan therapy)

Palazzoli and Prata

Domain 3 Either prescribing the symptom or asking the family not to change.

Paradoxical Prescription

Domain 3 An intervention where individuals will explore their various parts, both good and bad, to promote wholeness and integration in individual therapy. In family or group therapy, individuals will have others act out their various parts under their guidance and instruction. (Star client has other members act out their individual characteristics so that they can accept all parts of themselves and other people can sense how they feel)

Parts Party

Domain 1 Symbolic-Experiential Therapy attributes the psychological health and authenticity of the therapist as a person as being a primary factor in effective therapeutic outcomes. Therapists are encouraged to be authentic and real with their clients, relying on the spontaneity of their emotional responses as they remain present with the system. This term is known as ____________

Person of the Therapist

2 family members that are able to relate to one another openly and feel without the need to triangulate a 3rd party. Individuals tell each other how they are feeling, typically through "I" position with wisdom and rationality are called ____________________.

Person-to-person Relationships

Stages of Narrative Family Therapy

Phases in narrative therapy: Meeting the person. Getting to know people as separate from their problems. Listening. Listening for effects of dominant discourses. Separating persons from problems. Externalizing and separating people from their problems. Enacting preferred narratives. Identifying new ways to relate to problems. Solidifying. Strengthening preferred stories and identities.

Rather than have a couple discuss their specific problems directly, the therapist might discuss another couple with similar problems or use films to illustrate an issue on which he is focusing. This technique is known as ___________.

Philip Guerin: Displacement Story (for couples therapy, a technique to help family members gain sufficient emotional distance from their problems and to become more self-reflective and less blaming)

Domain 1 Satir Experiential Approach One of Satir's four dysfunctional communication styles. Disregarding one's own feelings of worth and handing power over to another individual (e.g., pleasing everyone in the family except one's self). Here, the context and the other are acknowledged, but the self is not.

Placaters (mur)

Domain 3 The period of assessment in Structural Family Therapy when the therapist hypothesizes about the structure of the family while remaining curious about its actual structure.

Planning

____________________ is Gottman's term for when "parts" assume leadership in order to protect the self. As one part shifts to an extreme position, the other parts must oppose or take a counter role. Tends to self-confirming: the more vulnerable one feels, the more one needs to take extreme protection measures; this continues in a vicious cycle. Polarization can lead to coalitions of parts uniting in competition with others.

Polarization

Domain 3 The hallmark of the early Milan systemic School. This illuminates upon circularity by assigning a positive motive or value to each family member's behavior - whether it be a desirable or undesirable behavior.

Positive Connotation

Domain 4 Milan Name the part of the session (early): The team would debrief on the discourse of the session and make preliminary plans and hypotheses for the following session.

Post-Session Discussion

Domain 1 What class does Solution Focused Therapy fall under?

Postmodernism

Domain 1 Narrative Family Therapy What class of therapy is this model under?

Postmodernism

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy The manner in which the therapist checks in with the client to ensure that the disclosure of therapy is congruent with the client's actual desires and hopes.

Preference Questions

Domain 1 Narrative Family Therapy After the problem-saturated story has been deconstructed, clients reflect upon what sort of preferred narrative they may wish to construct moving forward.

Preferred Narrative

Domain 1 Emotionally-Focused Couples Therapy These referred to underling emotions that drove relational behavior, but were hardly acknowledged or talked about directly. _________ were the more fundamental emotional experiences such as powerlessness, fear, loneliness, etc.

Primary Emotions

Domain 1 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy _______ that are related to attachment and experienced through primary emotions.

Primary Needs

Domain 1 Satir Experiential Approach The triad consists of the child and both parents. These dynamics serve as the primary source of the infant's social interaction and only opportunity for a gratifying relationship - as so, it sets the stage for the developed internal sense of being with oneself and in relation to others. For example, a child will internalize how a woman treats a man based upon her perceptions of how her father treated her mother, and vice versa with her mother toward her dad.

Primary Survival Triad

Key Themes of Emotionally-Focused Couples Therapy

Primary emotions •8 primary emotions: fear, anger, joy, passion, disguist, pain (+saddness), guilt, and shame •Initial reactions to given situation; typically represent attachment fears and needs. •Usually softer, more vulnerable emotions. Secondary emotions •Emotions about the primary emotions. •Often take form of anger, frustration, or withdrawal. •Avoids sense of vulnerability associated with primary emotions. •In early phases of therapy, focus on salient secondary emotions because these are what couples initially present. •As therapy progresses, raise partners' awareness of primary emotion underlying secondary emotion. •By working stage of therapy, focus is primarily on the primary emotions. Negative Interaction Cycle •Pursue/withdraw •Identify couple or family's negative interaction cycle. •Pursuer protesting separation and distance in relationship; indicative of an anxious attachment style. •Withdrawer creates distance to protect self from perceived lack of safety in relationship; typical of avoidant attachment style. •Pursuers express feeling hurt, alone, and unwanted; withdrawers report feeling rejected, inadequate, or judged. Basic pursue/withdraw patterns •Pursue/withdraw •Withdraw/withdraw •Attack/attack •Complex cycles -use enactments and choreography to fully experience emotions in therapy

Contributors to Multigenerational/Bowenian Therapy (Primary and Secondary)

Primary: --Bowen: psychoanalytically trained psychiatrist who worked with people with schizophrenia. He hospitalized entire families with schizophrenic members to study emotional processes *Developed the intergenerational Family Theory Secondary: --Guerin, Fogarty& McGoldrick (The Center for Family Learning) --Carter

MRI systemic therapist traditionally assess the problem as....

Problem as an attempted solution: problem is not the problem, but an attempted solution to fix the problem reinforces the interactional behavioral sequence and do more-of-the-same

Domain 1 Narrative Family Therapy When clients identify with a narrative that emphasizes a metaphoric problem throughout time, thereby influencing their perception of the past as well as their experience of the present and future. These are traditionally externally influenced and repress the subjugated story more congruent with the authentic reality of the individual.

Problem-Saturated Stories

This concept states that problems arise and maintain themselves based upon the nature in which individuals continue to communicate about them. It is the language that is used regarding the problem within the system that maintains the problem. By changing the way individuals talk about the problem, new meanings are prescribed and possibilities are explores, thereby disillusioning the problem. Collaborative Therapy

Problem-determining system

Crisis Assessment

Provide a systematic method of organizing client information related to personal characteristics, parameters of the crisis episode, and the intensity and duration of the crisis and...then utilize these date to develop effective treatment plans

Domain 3 The therapist's intentional emphasizing of an individual's reaction (body language) or statement, allowing them to become aware of their responses and reflect upon their meanings.

Punctuation

Domain 1 The manner in which individuals attribute their behaviors as a result of another's behavior. For example: I only nag you cause you never offer to help.

Punctuation (trick to remember: "I only do this because you do this PERIOD!)

Domain 3 Symbolic-experiential therapists will often do this from pathological to efforts towards growth.

Redefining Symptoms

Tom Anderson developed what he found to be a more collaborative approach to using a _________ as opposed to the more traditional, expert-based models. In this approach, Anderson would have a team of other collaborative therapists observe a family behind a one-way mirror. Instead of the observation team consulting on the case in private, the family would be invited to observe the observation team as they discussed the family's case. Then, the family would be invited to reflect on their experience of observing the observation team. Collaborative Therapy

Reflecting Team

Domain 3 Presenting an alternative perspective on a family member's view of another's problematic behavior. structural

Reframing

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy Assists the client in externalizing the problem through mapping the influence of the problem and mapping the influence of the person.

Relative Influencing Questioning

According to MRI systemic therapists every communication has 2 components _________ and ______________

Report and Command functions: every communication has 2 components: report (the content of the message) and the command (message about the relationship)

Domain 4 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Name the Phase (Cycle De-Escalation and stabilization -4, Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns-3, Consolidation and Integration-2, Termination) Create emotional engagement by facilitating the expression of specific needs and wants.

Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns

Domain 4 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Name the Phase (Cycle De-Escalation and stabilization -4, Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns-3, Consolidation and Integration-2, Termination) Promote acceptance of and responsiveness to each partner's new construction of experience.

Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns

Domain 4 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Name the Phase (Cycle De-Escalation and stabilization -4, Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns-3, Consolidation and Integration-2, Termination) Promote identification with disowned attachment needs

Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns

Internal Family Systems

Richard Schwartz • Each person's inner life has multiple parts forming a system, much like the make up of a external family. • Each person has core Self with vision, compassion, and confidence. • Goal of therapy is to have Self provide inner leadership to various parts. • Trauma, family imbalance, or polarized relationships cause parts to take on extreme roles to cope. •Individuals have internal system of self parts. •Parts work together to maintain homeostasis and handle crisis. •Each part must be understood in context of other parts. •Parts have boundaries and form coalitions. • Self: We are born and we have "self." It is everything that we need, mentality that all things are possible. We are born and we advocate for what we want, if we have feelings we express it. This is our truest form which needs to be protected at all costs. o Self is stronger than our managers and firefighters make us believe. o Part of self language: behaviors/states of mind, aspects of self, not the true nature of self. Does not totalize people. (Example: when you experience lonely feelings, when you are managing/controlling a situation by being cold and distant • Exiles: feels that are too big to process, parts that the body perceives as too painful, things that will hurt the self (ex: feelings around parents divorcing, house burning down, etc.) We send off our parts that we think will hurt our self and we lock them up in "jail" As we go through life bad things happen and we cope with them. Things that we cannot cope with we exile o Therapist may ask: how old is this part of you? how old do you think you are now? • Managers: proactive ways of dealing with our exiles very orderly, have all the rules, this is what you should do, (example: what are people going to think, false confidence, perfectionism) • Exiles get out through an occurrence that presents us from managing them. This could be from things like being triggered, hungry, we're sick. This leads to firefighters.. • Firefighters: anything that we use to stop the experiencing of am emotion that go where they are needed, while protecting us they do a lot of damage. They try to get us to mask our emotions and stop feeling them (example: sex, drugs, alcohol, food)

Domain 1 (structural) Overly restrictive boundaries that permit little contact with outside subsystems, often resulting in disengagement.

Rigid Boundary

Domain 3 An intervention presented by a therapy team that is described in great detail, instructing various individuals within the family to carry out specific behaviors at specific times of the day for a distinct period of time. They serve to provide consistency and clarity as to the hypothesized problem within the family.

Rituals

Domain 3 Satir Experiential Approach Satir viewed this to be one of an equal; a unique individual serving to facilitate change through genuineness, empathy, curiosity, and transparency.

Role of Therapist

Domain 1 Satir Experiential Approach The concept used to identify relationships comprised of inappropriate roles.

Role-function Discrepancy

Domain 3 Solution Focused Therapy SFT therapists will often put questions in the form of a 10 point scale to measure progress. Emphasis is always drawn to the positivity associated with the number not being lower than it could be.

Scaling Questions

Domain 1 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy These referred to the surface level emotions designed to protect the primary emotions and reflect more upon the interaction than the individual. __________ are usually reactive in nature and resemble defensiveness, frustration, and anger.

Secondary Emotions

Murray Bowen STEPSS

Self differentiation scaleT; Triangles (-)E; Emotional process of nuclear family (-)P; Projection process of family (-)

Domain 3 This was an exercise where individuals would create a circle in the center of a page with the identifier "I am" along with eight other concentric circles labeled in the following order: physical, intellectual, emotional, sensual, interactional, nutritional, contextual, and spiritual. This illuminated upon an individual's strengths, resources, and interrelated nature of experience.

Self-Mandala

Domain 1 Satir Experiential Approach The degree to which an individual feels as if their existence has value, influenced both internally and interrelatedly. Satir believed that developing an individual's __________ should always be a primary goal of growth-oriented therapy.

Self-Worth

Domain 1 What was the primary source of fulfillment and happiness, and considered to be the most significant factor in family relationships, according to Satir? (Satir Experiential Approach)

Self-esteem or self-worth

Domain 4 Milan Name the part of the session (early): The team would meet with the family to check hypothesis (validate or modify).

Session

Domain 3 This changes the direction of interactions. Therapists avoid telling families what they are doing wrong; rather, they point out what they are doing right and express confidence in the family's competence. structural

Shaping competence

Domain 3 What is the treatment duration? (structural)

Short-term therapy but not a brief therapy (10-20 sessions)

Solution Focused Therapy

Short-term, strengths-based treatment model that emphasizes empowerment to allow client to take action him or herself -Working cooperatively to identify solutions to problems -don't focus on talking about the problem, instead focus on solution, strengths, and resources -small steps to enacting solutions: identify preferred solution End of session feedback Evaluation of client progress Techniques: miracle question, exception-finding, presuppositional questions, compliments, listening skills, empath, scaling questions

Domain 3 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Making sure clients cultivate a capacity to sit with their primary emotions and pain, as well as their partner's.

Slowing down the processing

Impact of social influences on family functioning. Families with higher levels of self-differentation are less vulnerable to destructive societal influences (e.g., sexism and discrimination) describes which bowenian concept?

Societal emotional process

Domain 1 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy This is displayed when a partner withdraws from defensiveness and/or aggressiveness, and begins to open up to the emotional experience of his or her partner as opposed to remaining exclusively focused on his or her own experience.

Softening

Eric, husband, who previously criticized his wife, Jenny, for not being sexually active with him enough came to therapy and reframes this concern by emotionally expressing that he has really been longing for more affection to his wife because that is what helps him feel connected/attached with her. An EFT therapist would describe this shift as _____________.

Softening: Occurs when a previously critical partner asks, from a position of emotional vulnerability, a newly accessible partner to meet attachment needs and longings.

Domain 1 Solution Focused Therapy The concept that the therapist does not need to understand the problem in order to resolve it as the solution is often unrelated to the problem. Maintaining a future focus of what works is what will bring relief to the individual/family?

Solution and Future focus

Domain 3 Similar to enactments, except these behaviors are _______ opposed to being directed by the therapist. structual

Spontaneous Behavioral Sequences

Stages of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy 3

Stage 1: De-escalation of negative cycles. Stage 2: Change interactional patterns and creating engagement. Stage 3: Consolidation and integration.

origin of crisis

Step of the crisis assessment that involves identifying the precipitating factors that led to the client's current distress.

manifestations of crisis

Step of the crisis assessment to find out how the client interprets the events that led to the crisis, identify the client's cognitive, affective, behavioral, and physical symptoms, and determine their usual way of responding to stress.

Jay Haley and Cloe Madanes are pioneers of which theory

Strategic family therapy approach advocates. Power and control characterize relationships in families, and symptoms are attempts at controlling a relationship. Strategist therapy techniques are often direct suggestions or assignments. Assignment of paradoxical tasks often occurs. Classical model. Therapist expert. Brief therapy. Symptom relief focus.

Domain 1 Solution Focused Therapy During the assessment and throughout the ongoing process, the therapist maintains a focus on the client's _________, as these will likely serve as a component to resolving the presenting problem.

Strengths and Resources

Domain 1 Narrative Family Therapy The more positive, authentic, and congruent attributes of an individual that are vulnerable to suppression through a problem-saturated or dominant cultural discourse. The subjugated story typically entails times when the problem did not have power over the individual, or times when the individual was able to take control of the problem.

Subjugated Story

Domain 1 (structural) Individuals, dyads, triads, and groups form these or units within the family that perform certain functions.

Subsystems

Domain 3 A team of therapists who strategically hypothesize and plan interventions regarding each particular family. Often, team members will watch therapy as it unfolds behind a one-way mirror as one or two therapists work directly with the family.

Team Approach

Domain 3 Healthy members of a family may be intentionally paired into ______ by the therapist to encourage further healthy behavior by other family members.

Teaming Roles

Domain 3 An intervention that explores thoughts and feelings while improving communication and self-worth. Clients are encouraged to share particular experiences of their appreciations and excitements, complaints and possible solutions, hopes and wishes, etc.

Temperature Reading

Domain 4 Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy Name the Phase (Cycle De-Escalation and stabilization -4, Restructuring Interactional Positions/Patterns-3, Consolidation and Integration-2, Termination) Phase 3 tasks are independently maintained by the couple.

Termination

When parents struggle for control, they triangulate a symptomatic child who then works to defeat the parents. (PP) Milan

The Dirty Game

Domain 4 Name the part of the session (early): The team would meet without the family to build an initial hypothesis.

The Pre-Session

Domain 3 (structural) Who is involved in therapy?

The entire nuclear family, assessment is done through direct observation

Typically during the third session, the therapist will instruct the mother and father to tell their family that they have a "secret", and to then take a trip together, away from the family, for a few days. They are cautioned not to tell the family anything more than the mere fact that they have a secret prior to leaving. (PP) Milan

The invariant prescription

Domain 4 Narrative Family Therapy When does termination occur?

The new narrative is solidified and its extension into the future is explored

Domain 1 What were the 3 primary and present elements that Satir acknowledged in any given interaction? Satir Experiential Approach

The self, the other, and the context

During crisis assessment, when danger signs are present, what is a therapist's next step?

The therapist should conduct a structured inquiry to collect information that will help identify and implement an appropriate plan to protect the client or the client's potential victims. Recommended use of direct and clarifying questions.

social constructivism

Theoretical perspective that focuses on people's collective efforts to impose meaning on the world through experience.

The therapist taking a not-knowing approach. Through this orientation, the therapist creates a dialogue of open curiosity, where therapist and client can co-create a rich interchange aimed toward constructing new meanings and exploring possibilities. Goal of therapy or therapeutic approach? Collaborative Therapy

Therapeutic Approach

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy After clients discharge, a Narrative Therapist will present them with a ________ for them to keep, honoring the effort and growth of their engagement in therapy.

Therapeutic Certificates

Domain 3 When asked about a possible diagnosis, Whitaker would initiate this - a relational diagnosis that is unlikely to ever change.

Therapeutic Double Bind

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy After clients would discharge, a Narrative Therapist may write them a ________ that reflects upon the nature of their work and the growth they achieved, helping to maintain the growth into the future.

Therapeutic Letter

Symbolic Experiential Therapy Whitker believed that the client should win the battle for ________ in therapy and the therapist should with the battle for _________ in therapy.

Therapist- battle for structure: -necessary people attend session -therapy occurs frequently enough to produce progress -session content/process will produce change Client - battle for initiative -initiative/investment to pursue change *therapist should never work harder than client

Domain 1 Symbolic-Experiential Symbolic-Experiential Therapy may be referred to as this, given its unrecognizable structure, spontaneous process, and therapist transparency.

Therapy of the Absurd

Domain 1 Suggesting that a family's historic perception of a problem influences their current perspective on the problem, affecting their view of the past and present behavior. For example, if I perceive my mother as cold, I will only recall times in the past where my mother was cold and ignore current instances of my mother demonstrating warmth or compassion.

Time

Class of Bowen's Multigenerational Theory

Transgenerational Model: applies psychoanalytic theory to the family system while acknowledging significance of past generations in relation to individual and nuclear family in treatment.

Domain 3 An intervention where the therapist intentionally sides with one family member over the other, meant to disrupt homeostasis and encourage change at the behavioral and structural level. structural

Unbalanicng

Domain 3 Narrative Family Therapy Also known as sparkling events; Theses are types of questions aimed at exploring times when the problem did not have control over the individual's or family's life.

Unique Outcomes

Domain 1 Satir Experiential Approach Who was the primary contributor?

Virginia Satir: warmth, genuineness and congruent communication

Domain 1 Solution Focused Therapy One of the three types of clients in SFT. ______ are agreeable to attend therapy, but are not willing to put forth effort to change.

Visitor: a child who's brought to therapy by his parents, a wife who begins therapy at her husband's insistence, or an employee who's referred to therapy in order to keep her job. The main characteristics of the visitor relationship to therapy is that the visitor isn't invested in change. He is willing to attend therapy, but this is most likely in order to please another. He may be willing to change, but not from personal motivation. recommends that tasks not be assigned to complainants or visitors, because they are not asking for change. The best approach with these client types is to affirm their current successes, so that they desire to remain in therapy and eventually either find something to work on (visitor), or discover their contribution to the problem and role in its solution (complainant).

projective identification

When a child is born the parents project remnants of his or her repressed object relationships onto the child. The child then internalizes these projections into becoming significant components of his or her personality development.

Domain 1 Who were the primary contributors (2) Narrative Family Therapy?

White, Epston

Domain 3 Who was involved in therapy? Satir Experiential Approach

Whomever desired to attend

Minuchin developed many of his therapeutic techniques working with underorganized families of delinquent youngsters at the:a. Wiltwyck Schoolb. Jewish Board of Guardiansc. Ackerman Instituted. Georgetown University Family Center

Wiltwyck

parentification

a functional and/or emotional role reversal wherein the child sacrifices his or her own needs in order to accommodate and care for emotional or logistical needs of a parent

How health is defined in structural family therapy

a healthy system is characterized by - a functioning spousal system (generational hierarchy) -clear boundaries between all individuals/subsystems

cognitive behavioral therapy

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior) --focused on current behavior and symptom relief

How strategic therapist haley defines dysfunction/problem: a symptom is ... goal of strategic

a symptom is a strategy adapted to control a relationship when all other strategies have failed e.g., child acting out to exert control over parents and parents relationship relieve symptoms family is experiencing

operant conditioning (CBT)

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Satir's humanistic orientation developed more fully as a result of her work at: a. Esalen b. MRI c. Ackerman Institute d. none of the above

a. Esalen institute

Structuralists claim that dysfunctional families require:a. a change in the covert rules that govern family transactionsb. resolving problems with each parent's family of originc. increased togethernessd. all of the above

a. a change in the covert rules that govern family transactions

Emotionally-focused therapeutic efforts are: a. an outgrowth of humanistic therapies b. highly cognitive by design c. based on object relations theory d. an outgrowth of first-order cybernetics

a. an outgrowth of humanistic therapies

The therapist's role in Gestalt Family therapy is to help clients: a. become aware of what they do to block achieving what they want b. engage in self-analysis of their childhood experiences c. focus on "then and there" rather than "here and now" d. all of the above

a. become aware of what they do to block achieving what they want + here & now

In disengaged families, boundaries are:a. inappropriately rigidb. easily crossedc. poorly differentiatedd. clear between people

a. inappropriately ridgid

A primary therapeutic goal for structuralists is: a. organizational change b. insight c. self-differentiation d. educating the client

a. organizational change

According to Stategic MFT, Haley, power can be defined as

ability to define nature of relationship. communication is viewed as a source of power.

paradoxical intervention

address that families are naturally resistant to change. Instruct families not to change or to change in ways that contradict their desired change. The family's natural resistance to change will promote them to rebel the directive to not change, thereby experiencing the initial desired change.

Cybernetics in Feminist theory

all problems in the system are maintained by all of its parts. Everyone in the system is equally involved in the problems.

How Jay Haley proposes the goal of relieving a symptom can be achived by these theraputic interventions

alter family's transactions and organization. using hierarchy and boundaries address behaviors of poor boundaries or poor hierarchy in family

Structural Family Maps

an assessment tool similar to a genogram utilized by structural therapist to use symbols and hierachial arrangements to track patterns and themes in the family system related to: boundaries, complementarity, hierarchy, and conflict management. -rigid boundary ____________ -clear boundary _ _ _ _ _ _ -diffuse boundary . . . . . . -Coalition { -Conflict ----I I---- -detouring -----> - overinvolvement ______________________________ _____________________________ _______________________________

An EFT therapist may ask the couple directly "Is there any event in your relationship that was so painful, possibly felt traumatic, that you feel has left you feeling fundamentally unsafe in your relationship?" in attempt to identify a ___________.

attachment injury

■Specific type of betrayal, abandonment, or violation of trust in relationship. ■Occurs when one partner is in moment of high need/vulnerability and other partner fails to offer needed support and nurturance. Fundamentally redefines relationship for injured party as unsafe. is a term in EFT known as

attachment injury

Members of disengaged families run the risk of over-emphasizing:a. family belongingnessb. indifference to each other's needsc. individual differentiationd. togetherness

b indifference to others needs

Symbolic-experiential family therapists accomplish the goal of increasing family cohesion and the authenticity of family relationships by focusing on what two key areas? a. Personal boundaries and transgenerational boundaries b. Interpersonal boundaries and transgenerational boundaries c. Transgenerational boundaries and self-actualization d. Interpersonal boundaries and self-actualization

b. Interpersonal boundaries and transgenerational boundaries

In Satir's classification of communication stances, blamers are considered to be struggling with feelings of: a. worthlessness b. loneliness c. vulnerability d. rejection

b. loneliness

A contextual therapist who listens to each individual family members side of the story as they share their history and takes the side of the member sharing is a technique known as : A) multidiectional partiality B) fusion C) joining D) balance

balance

Self-Differentiation

balance between individuality and togetherness. Conflict occurs when this differentiation does not occur.

which model: -emphasizes anxiety throughout the system -promotes encouragement of self-differentiation of each family member as the goal -therapist remains neutral and acts as a coach -most interested in macrosystem influence on family -often uses going home again intervention

bowen's model

length of MRI therapy

brief no more than 10 sessions

The three primary goals that symbolic-experiential therapists have for all clients include all of the following EXCEPT: a. increase family cohesion - create a sense of nurturance and confidence in problem solving. b. promote personal growth- support the completion of developmental tasks for all family members. c. establish effective parental hierarchy and sever cross-generational coalitions. d. expand the family's symbolic world.

c. establish effective parental hierarchy and sever cross-generational coalitions.

Satir called her approach: a. humanistic psychotherapy b. neo-communication family therapy c. the human validation process d. growth-enhancing therapy

c. human validation process

An EFT therapist may interject during couples therapy and state -"Can you turn to her (him) and tell him that right now?" -"Can you turn to him (her) and ask for what you are saying you need right now?" This is known as

choreographing

One objective of structural interventions is for the psychosomatic family to achieve:a. greater enmeshmentb. clearer boundariesc. more rule-governed interactionsd. greater disengagement

clearer boundaries

The ___________ is the expert in narrative family therapy.

client

Milan therapists closely attend to how _______________ shapes family dynamics.

client language

The role of the therapist is Bowenian therapy is that of

coach

A therapist who identigies a target behavior, baseline of the frequency/duration and a functional analysis of the behavior to address antecedences and consequences is using a __________ approach.

cognitive behavioral approach

the ____________ function is responsible for relaying the message about the relationship.

command

Satir defined family dysfunction when families have an empty pot. _________ is the guage in which individuals measure one another's pot level. (Satir Experiential Approach)

communication - good health = congruent communication **goal of experiential therapy - move people toward congruent communication (respectfully balance the needs of self and others while responding appropriately within the context.

-Therapist directs who comes to therapy based on which individuals contain riches resources for promoting change. Therapist often includes both parents in therapy. -treatment is long term are themes of which model of therapy

contextual

building Trustworthiness and fairness among family system is the primary goal of which theory

contextual

which model -emphasizes the roles of reliability, trustworthiness, and fairness -goal: individuals experience eoneration: individuals become accountable for actions and achieved balanced levels of fairness and consideration towards others -multidirectional partiality over neutrality -key concepts: destructive entitlement and the revolving slate of injustice

contextual

A ____________ therapist would describe Parentification as process where a child attempts to EARN LOVE from their parent by acting as their caretaker. The child takes on the role of parent for the parent.

contextual family therapist

A therapist who focused on fairness and relational ethics is likely practicing from this theory ___________

contextual family therapy

transference of feelings from therapist to patient.

countertransference

Structural family therapists believe that family structure can be understood as an organized pattern in which families interact within roles, commmunication styles, and interactional styles thare are determined by _____________

covert and overt rules

an acute emotional reaction to a powerful stimulus or demand. a state of emotional turmoil is known as ____________ or A period of psychological disequilibrium, experienced as a result of a hazardous event or situation that constitutes a significant problem that cannot be remedied by using familiar coping strategies.

crisis

temporary but active and supportive entry into the life of individuals during a period of extreme stress

crisis intervention

According to Aponte and Van Deusin, every family transaction makes a statement regarding:a. powerb. boundariesc. alignmentsd. all of the above

d all

According to a Milan therapist, A wife who states, "He's an angry person." in describing her husband is demonstrating __________. a. family games b. a therapeutic reframe c. irreverence d. the tyranny of linguistics

d, tyranny of linguistics Milan therapists encourage descriptions of a personas action: reframe "I am depressed" to "when I do depression" or "He is an angry person" to "When he is doing angry"

The attempt to guide clients into unlocking dysfunctional patterns stemming from their family of origin is called: a. Family Life Fact Chronology b. The Seed Model c. The Primary Triad d. Family Reconstruction

d. Family Reconstruction

How might a therapist know that the client has achieved personal growth and successfully navigated developmental tasks, thereby achieving self-actualization? a. Self-actualization is a life-long process, therefore only the client will know when they have achieved self- actualization. b. The therapist will know that the client has achieved self- actualization when the client is no longer attending sessions regularly. c. Self-actualization is too difficult to quantify and therefore impossible for a client or therapist to articulate. d. The therapist will know that the client is making progress towards self- actualization when the client is no longer experiencing symptoms at the individual level and they are able to function in most areas of daily life.

d. The therapist will know that the client is making progress towards self- actualization when the client is no longer experiencing symptoms at the individual level and they are able to function in most areas of daily life.

If a symbolic-experiential therapist, working with a family says to the father, "When did you divorce your wife and marry your daughter?" the therapist is attempting to ______________________________________________. a. be playful and therefore decrease resistance b. help the client to separate personal issues from interpersonal issues c. expand the symptom from an individual matter to a family matter d. affectively confront the family to interrupt rigid patterns

d. affectively confront the family to interrupt rigid patterns

Interventions utilized in symbolic-experiential therapy include all of the following EXCEPT: a. creating confusion and disorganization. b. here-and-now experiencing. c. redefining and expanding symptoms. d. breaking down parental hierarchy.

d. breaking down parental hierarchy.

Of all of the experiential models described in the text, which offers a manual for conducting sessions?a. Symbolic-Experientialb. Gestaltc. Human Validationd. Emotionally-Focused

d. emotionally focused

At the heart of psychoanalytic family therapy is the concept of ethical systems and relational ethics which theorizes that each person keeps a "ledger" of ________________________________.a. right and wrongb. ethicalness and non-ethicalnessc. those they feel close to and those who have wronged themd. entitlement and indebtedness

d. entitlement and indebtedness

The primary survival triad, according to Satir, refers to: a. mind, body, temperament b. pleaser, displeaser, provocateur c. threat, reward, and seed models d. father, mother, child

d. father, mother, child

All of the following are true of the trial of labor, which refers to the assessment process of symbolic-experiential therapy, EXCEPT: a. the therapist tries to understand each person's preferred family roles, beliefs, and values. b. the therapist attends to the structural organization of the family and the emotional processes within the family. c. the therapist observes how the family responds to the therapist's interventions and interactions. d. the therapist focuses primarily on the family's behavioral interactions rather than their emotional system.

d. the therapist focuses primarily on the family's behavioral interactions rather than their emotional system.

Which of the following does not characterize a symptom according to Satir? a. signal growth blockage b. have a homeostatic function c. represent destructive family transactions d. unconscious conflict

d. unconscious conflict

Domain 1 Who were the primary contributors (2) of Solution Focused Therapy?

de Shazer, Berg

Emotional Bank Account Gottman

describe relationships; deposit=following through, kindness; withdrawals=breaking trust (goal 5:1 ratio, 5 positive per 1 negative)

A client states "don't you think it's inappropriate for a child to talk back?" during therapy. The therapist remains neutral and invites the client to reflect on whether they believe it's appropriate and where this belief stems from (childhood? etc.) This is an example of the therapists attempt at ________________.

detraingulation

Mary's mother often calls her during the week to complain about the behavior of her father. Usually, Mary is highly sympathetic and supportive of her mother's complaints and becomes and remains angry at her father for sometime following the call. After attending therapy with a Bowenian therapist, however, Mary responded to her mother's next complaining phone call with the following statement, That sounds like something really important that dad needs to know. Have you talked about this with him? Mary is attempting to do what in Bowenian terms?

detriangulation

Primary goal of Object-Relational Theory

develop insight and begin working through unresolved conflict while developing new ways of behaving governed by a healthy central ego. This is done through exploring underlying conflicts thaf fuel maladpative behaviors that cause symptoms.

2 goals of object-relational therapy

develop insight and work through

This theoretical concept states that normal development should entail a degree of emotional separation from family of origin while remaining in relationship with them. In addition, an individual should be able to separate emotions from cognition. What is this concept?

differentiation

A strategic intervention in which the thrapist gives specific directed behavioral tasks to elicit change for families to practice in session and at home are known as

directives

Which of the following is not characteristic of "psychosomatic families"?a. disengagementb. enmeshmentc. overprotective attitude by parentsd. overprotective attitude by child

disengagement *anorexia

Minuchin believed that developing an effective __________________ is a neccesary structural component to all families.

effective hierarchical structure (e.g., a high functioning executive subsystem such as two parents)

Framo argues that individuals crave acceptance and approval from parents so much that they will sacrifice the healthy development of their own _____________ to maintain the relationship.

ego identify

Anita (23) has had a conflictual relationship with her mother, Sarah (43) throughout her teens. She was rebellious and angry with her mother much of the time. Sarah is a single mother and very anxious about her daughter, so much so that she frequently screamed and used inappropriate punishments in an attempt to get her daughter to "behave". After Anita left home for college, she rarely wrote or called home and only visited on holidays. Now that she has graduated, she took a job several states away from her hometown and continues her pattern of not phoning or calling. A Bowenian therapist would say that Anita is engaged in

emotional cut off

symbolic experiential therapists identify that _____________ is usually at the source of individual/family dysfunction

emotional suppression

dyad draws in a third person or thing to stabilize the primary dyad, especially when theirs tension between the dyad (use others/other things to tolerate anxiety in a relationship) is an example of ___________

emotional triange

A mother becomes overly involved in her son's sports as a way to reduce unresolved tension in her marriage with the father. This is an example of ____________.

emotional triangles

Neutrality - Feminist Family Therapy Term

ensures each family member feels validated, acepted, and equally invested by the therapist

Example of which theory ____________. Ex: As a child my father was physically and emotionally absent. Now, as an adult I have an object (internalized image) of men in which I believe they are neglectful and unfaithful based on my early experience with my father. If I'm unable to work through the resentment towards my father, when I become a mother and have to raise a son I may project that onto my son and have an interalized image that because he is a man he will also be neglectful and unfaithful because he is a safer outlet than directly working through this with my actual father. Over time, this will subtly encourage my son to behave similarly to my father (e.g. neglectful and unfaithful) because the only way for me to continue to express my resentment will be dependent upon my son continuing to identify with my internalized object of how I view men. To meet his need for acceptance and approval for me as his mother he will sacrifice his own healthy ego development to conform to my interalized object.

example of object relational theory

According to Internal Family Systems, Three basic roles parts assume: exiles, managers, firefighters. _______________feelings that are too big to process, parts that the body perceives as too painful, things that will hurt the self (ex: feelings around parents divorcing, house burning down, etc.) We send off our parts that we think will hurt our self and we lock them up in "jail" As we go through life bad things happen and we cope with them. Things that we cannot cope with _______.

exiles

Three subsystems are most important in Minuchin's system. Which of the following is not one of these?a. spousalb. extendedc. parentald. sibling

extended

Members of enmeshed families run the risk of over-emphasizing:a. family belongingnessb. indifference to each other's needsc. individual differentiationd. all of the above

family belongingness

Diagnosing in structural family therapy

family is client, non-pathologizing, no diagnosis used

Family Projection Process

family project their immaturity onto one or more of their children "Because I have a feeling- you'll have this feeling

A mother who was neglected as a child (too much individuality, not enough togetherness) became emotionally cut off from her parents. Now, as a parent, she has become over-involved with her children (too much togetherness, not enough individuality.) This is an example of which bowenian concept?

family projection process: individuals with limited emotional resources are likely onto project their needs onto others in the family.

An additional factor that strategic therapy emphasizes that MRI does not is the focus on

family structure and parental hierarchy

According to Internal Family Systems, Three basic roles parts assume: exiles, managers, firefighters. ________________ anything that we use to stop the experiencing of am emotion that go where they are needed, while protecting us they do a lot of damage. They try to get us to mask our emotions and stop feeling them (example: sex, drugs, alcohol, food)

firefighters

Wanda, an intergenerational therapist, has just asked her client to interact with a particular family member now that the client has learned to maintain a stronger sense of self. This is referred to as _________________________.a. detriangulationb. encouraging differentiation of selfc. a relational experimentd. "going home"

going home: encouraging clients to interact with family members while maintaining clearer boundaries between self and others and reducing reactivity to increase differentiation

Someone who is able to react to the world rationally and enter into relationships while balancing competing needs for belonging and individuality is an example of a __________________ person according to Bowenian trangenerational theory.

highly differentiated

the 3 basic domains that should be assessed when suicidality and homicidality are brought up in therapy are

ideation, plan,and intent

Example of deconstructing a problem technique in narrative therapy

imagine two people in a long-term relationship who are having trouble. One partner is feeling frustrated with a partner who never shares her feelings, thoughts, or ideas with him. Based on this short description, there is no clear idea of what the problem is, let alone what the solution might be. A therapist might deconstruct the problem with this client by asking them to be more specific about what is bothering them, rather than accepting a statement such as, "my spouse doesn't get me anymore." This might lead to a better idea of what is troubling the client, such as general themes of feeling lonely or missing romantic intimacy. Maybe the client has construed a narrative where they are the victim of this helpless relationship, rather than someone with a problem coping with loneliness and communicating this vulnerability with their partner.

Framo Object Relational Theory Approach

importance of working with the adult client and his or her family of origin. Working throgh the core relationship that resulted in the internalized obkect fueling the problem will resolve the presenting problem in the new relationship.

process of raising unconscious forces to awareness, allowing clients to better understand how underling dynamics impact their behavior and relationships

insight

MRI therapist often use the intervention prescribing the symptom. This means

instructing client to intentionally engage in behavior they wish to change. They may rebel against therapist directive and experience desired change or comply with directive and become aware of their control over choosing to continuously engage in undesirable behavior.

internalized objects become _____________ and are split into being either all good or all bad

introject

Narrative Family Therapy

involves the use of narratives, which are stories family members bring to therapy. These narratives may be negative and limiting perceptions of themselves and their lives.

Dysfunction in structural family therapy is characterized as

maintains highly enmeshed/disengaged family structure fails to challenge the symptomatic member cross-generational coalitions that act as a problematic subsystem Insuffient or Excessive hiearachy: • Insufficient: Parents not able to effectively manage child's behavior; often adapt a permissive parenting style. • Excessive: Rules are developmentally too strict/unrealistic and consequences too severe; almost always rigid boundary between children and parents. o Example: Parents "You don't have a 4.0 you must stay home until you have one" (excessive/enmeshed boundary)

According to Internal Family Systems, Three basic roles parts assume: exiles, managers, firefighters. _____________ proactive ways of dealing with our exiles very orderly, have all the rules, this is what you should do, (example: what are people going to think, false confidence, perfectionism)

managers

MRI therapists identify ____________ as the command aspect of communication, the communication about the communication in reference to the relationship. typically non-verbal or implied message.

metacommunication

A therapist who encourages a family to explore a problem indirectly through using a metaphor (e.g. therapist asks to think about an ocean or pretends they have an additional family they're working with that she needs advice on) is an example of which paradoxical intervention

metaphoric task

Framo "dirty middle" refers to

middle of therapy when insight is achieved but working through is at an impasse, which results from pronounced divide between each partner's philosophy of marriage a dispute over a seemingly irreconcilable disagreement. The dirty middle is the leverage to get the individual to bring the family of origin to therapy.

Imitating a family's manner, style, and affective range calls for a therapeutic technique called _______________ by structuralists:a. enactmentb. trackingc. mimesisd. none of the above

mimesis

Transgenerational Model emphasize _____________________.

models that emphasize influences from past generations; change happens through "insight" and "working through". Tx 2 yrs- The best way to treat the symptomatic child is to treat the parents

Gottman: Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (and what they predict)

most common interactional patterns that predict divorce in marriage 1. Criticism: messages that imply partner has a deficit, is inadequate, or bad "you statements" ----Antidote: make direct complains and acknowledge your role in conflict 2. Defensiveness: responding to criticism with more criticism ----Antidote: stay regulated and hear partner out while trying to take accountability 3. Stonewalling: one individual withdraws (Muranna) ----Manage anxiety when early signs arise and take breaks from conversation early on until able to tolerate intensity 4. The Antidote: make an effort to stay regulated and hear your partner our while trying to identify your role and take accountability **GOAL**

primary intervention identified in contextual family therapy is __________________

multidirectional partiality

The least differentiated child responds by cutting themselves off from family and tends to marry someone at a similar low level of differentiation, thereby perpetuating problematic functioning through several generations is an example of which Bowenian concept?

multigenerational transmission process (Emotional responses, both their nature and degree of their intensity, are passed down from generation to generation)

Structural Family Therapist, Minuchin, found that within the larger family system there are __________________

multiple sets of subsystems thare are independent with and to the whole

Client reports feeling sad/depressed after her mother's death. A Collaborative therapist would practice the ___________ approach and may ask the client to describe what her experience with feeling sad and depressed is like rather than drawing from the the therapist's pre-known diagnostic knowledge. The therapist may ask "Can you tell me which aspects of the loss touch you most deeply?"

not-knowing

which model -individual create objects throughout early chidhood mainly based on primary caregivers which influence adult life -emphasize working primarily with individual and family of origin -goal: develop a healthy central-ego, allowing individuals to relate to ohers in mature, undistorted ways

object-relational

Katie is 35. When she was a child she was extremely neglected by her parents. Now Katie struggles to be in intimate relationships because she predicts that similar patterns of neglect will occur with her partner. This theory can help explain this...

object-relational theory

the theory that suggests that can be understood through exploring early childhood experiences and infancy is __________

object-relational theory

internalized images of an individual's mother, father, or primary caregiver based on experiences during infancy and childhood (Framo) are known as

objects

a paradoxical directive that places the client in a situation whee it creates more work for them to maintain problem symptoms than it would to change it is known as

ordeal therapy

Classical conditioning (CBT)

pairing neutral stimulus repeatedly with response-eliciting stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits that response (e.g. pavlov's bell with dogs --> salvation)

The client fears failure, so the therapist asks the client to fail at something is an example of what intervention

paradoxical intervention

prescribing the very symptom the client wants to resolve. It's a complex concept often equated with reverse psychology. For example: This is known as

paradoxical intervention

first step that should be taken when a client reports suicidal ideation or is in any state of crisis is ____________

perform formal cisis assessment starting with risks of lethality

Someone who is ruled by their emotions. Their lives center around acceptance and being loved is a ______________ person according to Bowenian transgenerational theory.

poorly differentiated

According to strategic therapists, _______ is an intervention in which the therapist exaggerates the severity of symptom. eg: Therapist says "you guys are arguing because you hate each other!" to help couple see the problem may not be as big as it seems

positioning

a paradoxical intervention of pushing a family member further into the absurdity of their initial position thereby making them realize how absurd they are is an MRI intervention known as

positioning

Domain 1 What two interventions characterized the Early Milan Group?

positive connotation and ritual

_____________ is the phisoloophical movement that aimed to help understand culture and society impact individuals.

postmodernism

Therapist prescribes symptom and tells couple: every day at 7:00 I want you to argue is an example of a ___________________ interention according to a strategic therapist. the goal of this is actually to provide symptom relief and increased awareness of control over the symptom.

prescribe opposite to family/prescribe symptom paradoxical interventions in strategic therapy

A man has problems with procrastination, so the therapist asks him to schedule one hour a day to procrastinate. Your 4-year-old resists brushing her teeth, so she's told she isn't allowed and may end up doing it out of spite. Or a woman who can't initiate sex with her husband is advised not to initiate for a month. are all examples of

prescribing the symptom, a paradoxical intervention used in MRI therapy

A therapist describes a child wetting his bed as a metaphor for keeping focus on him so his father can maintain his addiction to marajuana is an example of which strategic theraputic technique?

presenting symptom as metaphor

Amy is discussing her relationship with her father in therapy. She is angry and attributes her father's "unreasonable" behavior to his lack of empathy for others. As she describes the latest argument with her father, her therapist says, "As your father turned around and walked out of the room, what were you thinking?" and "What happened next?" and "How did you respond to that?" Her therapist is probably using _____ and is practicing from a _____

process questions bowenian transgenerational theory

when a child is born each parent projects the fragments of his or her repressed object relationships onto the child is known as __________

projection

Transgenerational Models of Family Therapy applies...

psychoanalytic theory to the family system

Key Themes of Collaborative Therapy

reality is socially constructed and is constructed through dialogue, language, and communication.

ex: if a child acts out because he can't go to sleepovers and he is in 7th grade he will increase acting out a MRI therapist would likely intervene by ___________________

recommend the parents to change the rule and allowing him to go to adjust to developmental changes.

adolescent client age 16 wants to consent to therapy without an adult. How should the therapist respond in an ethical manner?

refer to local state laws/statues regarding minor consent for healthcare services.

Domain 3 What is (early) treatment duration?

referred to as long-term brief therapy, limited to 10 sessions but were held at least one month apart

■Problems reframed in broader context of relationship to help couple see cycle as the common enemy and how they contribute to it. ■Used to help move clients from secondary to primary emotions. is a tool used by EFT therapists known as ____________

reframe

A therapist telling a teenage girl that her mother being overbearing can actually mean mom is concerned of well being, pays attention to you, and cares about your safety. This intervention according to a strategic therapist is known as ____________

reframing

Goal of MRI therapy

resolve current problem and provide symptom relief and create second order change.

Symbolic-experiential therapists view families as highly resilient and ____________.a. inflexibleb. resourcefulc. flexibled. adaptable

resourceful

__________ is a strategic intervention in which the therapist is telling family members not to change. Therapist tells couple not to stop arguing because it's something that is already working well. The purpose is for the couple to feel more control and to engage in rebellion of task given by the therapist which paradoxically provides symtom relief.

restraining

clients arrive to therapy and state that they are noticing tremendous change. The therapist responds by encouraging them to slow down and cautions them about the risk of changing too fast. This paradoxical technique's purpose is actually to promote more change. This is known as

restraining the progress of change

According to internal family systems theory the __________ is the key part of an individual that governs the other parts.

self

Postmodernism

shifted to see clients in culturally-informed societies and shifted how we attribute meaning to our shared existence.

In structural family therapy change happens through ____________

shifting sructure of the family in a way that is more open and flexible rather than ridgid and cloed

The process in which an African American family becomes vulnerable to the impact of racism and discrimination experienced in society and then experiences stress in their home is an example of which bowenian concept?

societal emotional process. This family has low levels of self-diffferentiation making them more vulnerable to societal influences.

Gottman Method

specific couples therapy approach healthy relationships are ones in which individuals know each others stresses/worries, share fondness/admiration, maintain sense of positiveness, manage conflict, trust one another, and are committed focuses on conflicting verbal communication in order to increase intimacy, respect, and affection removes barriers that create a feeling of stagnancy in conflicting situations creates heightened sense of empathy and understanding within relationship

Which theory would it be common for the therapists role to be to align with the parent generation to reinforce their hierarchy and that they are in charge of their children rather than remain neutral?

strategic

The theory that understands families as a system structured through a set of patterns and rules that govern family interactions is _____________

structural family therapy

A ____________ therapist would desribe parentification as a parent has diffuse boundaries with their child and the child then takes on "parental" responsibilities and is bumped up into a subsystem he/she doesn't belong.

structural therapist

A therapist whose role is similar to a grandparent in that they accept parenting functions only temporarily and remain free to return them home to real parents while giving love but not essential to family function is aligns with which theory

symbolic-experiential

According to an object relational therapist, transference means __________

tendency of individuals to attribute qualities to other individuals-- partners, family members, or the therapist -- that reflect unresolved grievances from a previous relationship

A therapist would redirect client from stating "You're so cold-hearted" to "I wish you would tend to my emotional pain more genuinely." This is an example of ________________.

the "I" position

_____________ is a bowenian intervention used to encourage clients to learn more ffective ways of expressing feelings through ownership rather than blame. The purpose is to break cycles of emotional reactivity to prompted person-to-person relationships.

the "I" position

Goal of internal family systems theory and how it's done in therapy

the self become the organizer and the leader of the various parts, promoting managers to have more effective roles and reducing the need all together for firefighers. How it's done: create safe space so that the managers and firefighters can step to the side so that the exiles are allowed to come to the surface and truly be worked through/healed.

Cybernetics

the study of information processing, feedback, and control in communication systems

Primary TOOL for client change according to a Bowenian Multigenerational Therapist is ____________

therapist's personal level of differentiation.

According to object-relational theory, the concept interpretation refers to _____________

therapists hypothesis pertaining to the influence of a client's past experiences on their current behaviors and struggles

Transgenerational model's interventions aim to _______________ unlike classical models interventions which goal is __________.

transgenerational- insight and work through classical- symtom relief

Symbolic-experiential therapy: assessment of family is accomplished through __________, which refers to observing how the family responds to the therapist's interventions and interactions. The therapist tries to understand each person's family roles, beliefs, vales development, interactional pattern and history. Therapist attends to two patterns: 1. structural organization of family 2. emotional processes and exchanges within family

trial of labor

Bob (45) and Marianne (38) argue about what is the proper age for their daughter Jill (14) to begin dating. Jill hears the fighting and enters the room. Marianne draws Jill into the argument to side with her against Bob. From a Bowen Systems perspective, what has occurred?

triangulation

when a dysfunctional couple pulls in a third person to stabilize the discourse between the two (acts as a mediator, buffer, etc.) this is an example of ______________.

triangulation

-going to boss to complain about a coworker -parents complaining to child about each other when they're divorced and trying to get them to take sides -parents have an unhealthy relationship so grandma cares for the kids -parents aren't getting along so they become super involved in organizations are all examples of which Bowenian concept _________

triangulation (emotional triangulation)

Whitiker believed that the single most important elements of effective symbolic-experiential therapy are the therapists own personality and psychological health: true or false

true

a therapist intentionally sides with one client (e.g. child) over another (e.g. father) to disrupt homeostasis and encourage change at the behavioral structural level is a paradoxical technique known as ________

unbalancing

Bowen noticed that people tend to select marital partners who are at similar levels of differentiation. This is an example of: a) triangulation b) undifferentiated ego mass c) family projection process d) multigenerational transition process

undifferentiated ego mass: emotional fusion in a nuclear family

Jenny came to therapy, because she is "unhappy with her life." During the first session, you learn that Jenny and her husband had a fight recently. She mentioned that her husband believes that she is depressed, and he is "fed up" with her lack of motivation to leave the house. He told her that she needed to go to therapy, or "he wasn't sure what he was going to do." Jenny explains that she took this comment as a threat that he was going to leave her if she didn't come to therapy. When you ask about her goals for therapy, she has difficulty articulating a specific goal. She begins to cry and says she loves her husband and doesn't want to lose him. What is Jenny's relationship to therapy? Jenny has a _________ client type at the moment, because she doesn't currently have a goal for therapy, nor is she personally invested in change. How should a SFT therapist intervene?

visitor the best approach with a visitor is to listen, sympathize with the client "being forced to see you, and compliment him on whatever he is doing that is good for him." (p. 21). In Jenny's case, you might affirm her choice to come to therapy, her care for her husband, her willingness to act based on her husband's needs, as well as anything that she is already doing in her life that is positive and meaningful to her. The main goal with visitors, according to Kim Berg, is to establish a meaningful connection, so that they are interested in returning to therapy. Over time, the goal will shift to helping the visitor articulate a personal goal--something for which they are a customer.

Epistimology (how we know what we know)

what is the truth and how do we understand it. -3 frameworks -premodernism, modernism, postmodernism

after insight is achieved, the ___________ process entails translating insight into more desirable and constructive ways of thinking.

working through

Goals of Contextual Therapy

~Individuals take responsibility for behaviors towards others (working through entitlements) ~ Reclaiming disowned parts of themselves (working through legacies) ~Differentiating between irrational guilt (legacies, experienced objectively) and justifiable guilt (guilt based upon behaviors towards others, experienced subjectively) ~Achieving exoneration of self and others, thereby resulting in a family system balanced by fairness and consideration of others

Difference between Bwen's 2 biologically based psychological capactities:

• Bowen's 2 biologically based psychological capactities: o Cognitive Capactiy (Individuality): realize our creative, individual potential to accomplish tasks neccesart for survival and enhancement (non-reactive, individuality focused needs) o Affective capactity (togetherness): drive to communicate with and connect with others and togetherness (reactive) to survive

Interventions used by Stair Experiential Therapist

• Coaching communication techniques o Turn chairs towards facing each other and have them congruently communicate o Ask clients to start statements with I rather than you o Take responsibility for one's feelings o Encourage clients to be direct o Identify double binds: example ask husband to show more affection but when he does you say he only did so because you asked

Stance/role of a symbolic-experiential therapist

• Strives to be authentic; doesn't follow pretenses considered professional or appropriate boundaries. • Fully themselves and do not hide this from clients. o If bored, they show it; if annoyed, they express it. o If they see an elephant in the middle of the room, they say something. • Purpose: Being authentic at this level is for client benefit: o Models type of authenticity therapist wants client to develop and creates an environment in which client can do this. • What it is o "Be responsive to the family without being responsible for them." • How it works o Therapist doesn't take on responsibility for clients' lives; pushes clients to accept full responsibility for own lives. o Therapist's greatest responsibility is ensuring therapeutic process promotes change. o Therapist is active but not directive. -may use co-therapist -"grandparent role"

Key themes of Narrative Family Therapy

• Two-way dialogical process: therapists and clients co-explore and co-create new understandings related to client problems and agency • Meaning making: we "story" and create the meaning of life events using available dominant discourses. • People experience "problems" when personal life does not fit with these dominant societal discourses and expectations. • Dominant discourses: Culturally generated stories about how life should go. Used to coordinate social behavior such as how married people should act, what happiness looks like, and how to be successful.

complimentary vs. symmetrical relationship according to MRI

•Complimentary Relationship: based on differences that fit together •Symmetrical relationship: based on eqality, the behavior of one mirros that of the other

4 Primary dimensions of contextual family therapy

•Facts: *external* stable and physical attritubues that individuals are born with (e.g., gender, race, disability, cognitive functioning) and contextual circumstances of their upbring (e.g., divorce, moving, trauma) •Psychology: person's *internal* experience of the world including thoughts, desires, emotions, and meaning. •Transactions: patterns of organization and dynamics within an individual's family system •Relational Ethics: responsibility each individuak has for consideration of best intersts of others in your family *key component of contextual theory*

Role of Object-relational therapist

•Interpretation: therapists hypothesis pertaining to the influence of a client's past experiences on their current behaviors and struggles •listening, responding to unconscious material, interpret, work through transference and countertransference, empathy, and therautpitic neutrility.

3 primary goals of EFT

■Creating secure attachment for both partners. ■Developing new interaction patterns that nurture and support each partner. ■Increasing direct expression of emotions, especially those related to attachment needs.

3 tasks of EFT therapist

■Task 1: Creating and maintaining alliance. ■Task 2: Assessing and formulating emotion. ■Task 3: Restructuring interactions. ■Second task is unique to EFT; couple or family's interaction cycle is conceptualized in terms of attachment needs. ■Last task helps couples learn to change how they relate.