this is not new

clement

['klemənt] a.仁慈的；温和的 Clement weather is pleasantly mild and dry. (FORMAL) ≠ inclement 1 : inclined to be merciful : LENIENT <a clement judge> 2 : MILD <clement weather for this time of year>

clarify

['klærifai] v.澄清 To clarify something means to make it easier to understand, usually by explaining it in more detail. (FORMAL) vt. 1 : to make (as a liquid) clear or pure usually by freeing from suspended matter 2 : to free of confusion <needs time to clarify his thoughts> 3 : to make understandable <clarify a subject> vi : to become clear

canto

['kæntəu] n.(长诗的)篇 : one of the major divisions of a long poem

kudos

['kju:dɔs] n.荣誉 1 : fame and renown(名声) resulting from an act or achievement : PRESTIGE(声望，威望) 2 : praise given for achievement

laxative

['læksətiv] a.(药)通便的；放松的；n.轻泻药 : having a tendency to loosen or relax specifically : producing bowel movements and relieving constipation(便秘)

landfill

['lændfil] n.垃圾堆 1 : an area built up by landfill 2 : a system of trash and garbage disposal in which the waste is buried between layers of earth to build up low-lying land - called also sanitary landfill

bucolic

[bju:'kɔlik] a.乡村的；牧羊的 1 : of or relating to shepherds or herdsmen : PASTORAL(田园的，宁静的) 2 a : relating to or typical of rural life b : IDYLLIC( 田园诗的, 悠闲的)

lustrous

['lʌstrəs] a.有光泽的 1 : reflecting light evenly and efficiently without glitter(闪烁) or sparkle <a lustrous satin(缎子)> <the lustrous glow of an opal(猫眼石)> 2 : radiant in character or reputation : ILLUSTRIOUS(著名的，杰出的) synonyms see BRIGHT LUSTROUS stresses an even, rich light from a surface that reflects brightly without sparkling or glittering.

maelstrom

['meilstrəm] n.大漩涡；大混乱 1 : a powerful often violent whirlpool sucking in objects within a given radius 2 : something resembling a maelstrom in turbulence

instantaneous

[`instən'teinjəs] a.立即的；瞬间发生的 1 : done, occurring, or acting without any perceptible duration of time <death was instantaneous> 2 : done without any delay being purposely introduced <took instantaneous action to correct the abuse> 3 : occurring or present at a particular instant <instantaneous velocity>

insubordinate

[`insə'bɔ:dnit] a.不服从的，反抗的 : disobedient to authority

straightforward

[`streit'fɔ:wəd] a.正直的；易懂的；直截了当的 1 a : free from evasiveness or obscurity : EXACT, CANDID <a straightforward account> b : CLEAR-CUT, PRECISE 2 : proceeding in a straight course or manner : DIRECT, UNDEVIATING(不离正道的，不迷失正路的，不迷失的)

stonewall

[`stəun'wɔ:l] v.拖延议事，设置障碍 1 chiefly British : to engage in obstructive parliamentary debate or delaying tactics 2 : to be uncooperative, obstructive, or evasive transitive verb : to refuse to comply(顺从,答应) or cooperate with

bin

[bin]n.大箱子

? bit

[bit] n.钻头

droll

[drəul] a.古怪的，好笑的 Something or someone that is droll is amusing or witty, sometimes in an unexpected way. (WRITTEN)

inscribe

[in'skraib] v.在某物上写，题 1 a : to write, engrave, or print as a lasting record b : to enter on a list : ENROLL 2 a : to write, engrave, or print characters upon b : to autograph or address (a book) as a gift 3 : to dedicate to someone 4 : to draw within a figure so as to touch in as many places as possible <a regular polygon inscribed in a circle>

inscrutable

[in'skru:təbl] a.高深莫测的，神秘的 : not readily investigated, interpreted, or understood : MYSTERIOUS <an inscrutable smile> <inscrutable motives> insecticide [in'sektisaid] n.杀虫剂 : an agent that destroys insects insensate [in'senseit] a.无感觉的；蠢笨的

ensconce

[in'skɔns] v.安置，安坐 1 : SHELTER, CONCEAL <ensconced themselves within the protection of three great elms - Mark Twain> 2 : ESTABLISH, SETTLE <ensconced in a new job>

compile

[kəm'pail] v.汇集；编辑 When you compile something such as a report, book, or programme, you produce it by collecting and putting together many pieces of information.

conservatory

[kən'sə:vətri] n.温室；音乐学院 A conservatory is a room with glass walls and a glass roof, which is attached to a house. People often grow plants in a conservatory. A conservatory is an institution where musicians are trained.

licentious

[lai'senʃəs] a.纵欲的；放肆的 1 : lacking legal or moral restraints especially : disregarding sexual restraints 2 : marked by disregard for strict rules of correctness

lounge

[laundʒ] v.懒散地斜靠；n.休息室 intransitive verb : to act or move idly or lazily : LOAF

jigsaw puzzle

['dʒigsɔ: 'pʌzl] n.拼图游戏 : a puzzle consisting of small irregularly cut pieces that are to be fitted together to form a picture

jarring

['dʒɑ:riŋ] a.声音刺耳的 jar ['dʒɑ:] v 震惊；震动 intransitive verb 1 a : to make a harsh or discordant sound b : to have a harshly disagreeable or disconcerting effect c : to be out of harmony specifically : BICKER 2 : to undergo severe vibration transitive verb : to cause to jar: as a : to affect disagreeably : UNSETTLE b : to make unstable or loose : SHAKE <jar the ball free>

enervate

['enə:veit] a.& v.使虚弱，使无力 : lacking physical, mental, or moral vigor : ENERVATED 1 : to reduce the mental or moral vigor of 2 : to lessen the vitality or strength of synonyms see UNNERVE

egress

['i:gres] n.出去，出口 1 : the action or right of going or coming out 2 : a place or means of going out : EXIT vi: to go or come out

irritable

['iritəbl] a.易怒的；易受刺激的 : capable of being irritated: as a : easily or excited <gets irritable when he tires> b : responsive to stimuli

earring

['iəriŋ] n.耳环，耳饰

cleaver

['kli:və(r)] n.切肉刀

clipper

['klipə] n.大剪刀；快速帆船 Clippers are a tool used for cutting small amounts from something, especially from someone's hair or nails.

cloister

['klɔistə] n.修道院 A cloister is a covered area round a square in a monastery or a cathedral.

lateral

['lætərəl] a.侧面的 Lateral means relating to the sides of something, or moving in a sideways direction.

languish

['læŋgwiʃ] v.变得消瘦；衰弱 1 a : to be or become feeble, weak, or enervated b : to be or live in a state of depression or decreasing vitality 2 a : to become dispirited b : to suffer neglect <the bill languished in the Senate for eight months> 3 : to assume an expression of grief or emotion appealing for sympathy

canvass

['kænvəs] v.细查；拉选票 If you canvass for a particular person or political party, you go around an area trying to persuade people to vote for that person or party. If you canvass public opinion, you find out how people feel about a particular subject. 2 a : to examine in detail specifically : to examine (votes) officially for authenticity b : DISCUSS, DEBATE vi. to seek orders or votes : SOLICIT

canon

['kænən] n.经典，真作 A canon is a member of the clergy who is on the staff of a cathedral. A canon of texts is a list of them that is accepted as genuine or important. (FORMAL)

caldron

['kɔ:drən] n.(煮汤用的)大锅

chorus

['kɔ:rəs] n.合唱队，歌舞团 When there is a chorus of criticism, disapproval, or praise, that attitude is expressed by a lot of people at the same time. The government is defending its economic policies against a growing chorus of criticism. When people chorus something, they say it or sing it together. (WRITTEN)

coarsen

['kɔ:sn] v.使某物变粗糙 vt : to make coarse vi : to become coarse If someone's behaviour or speech coarsens or if they coarsen it, they become less polite or they begin to speak in a less pleasant way.

codify

['kɔdifai] v.将法律、规则等编成法典 If you codify a set of rules, you define them or present them in a clear and ordered way. 1 : to reduce to a code 2 a : SYSTEMATIZE b : CLASSIFY

longing

['lɔŋiŋ] n.渴望 : a strong desire especially for something unattainable : CRAVING

ligneous

['ligniəs] a.木质的，木头的 : of or resembling wood

levity

['leviti] n.轻率；轻浮 1 : excessive or unseemly(不适当的) frivolity 2 : lack of steadiness : CHANGEABLENESS

levelheaded

['levəl'hedid] a.头脑冷静的，稳健的 : having or showing sound judgment : SENSIBLE

limerick

['limərik] n.五行打油诗 A limerick is a humorous poem which has five lines.

stipulate

['stipjuleit] v.要求以...为条件；约定 intransitive verb 1 : to make an agreement or covenant(契约) to do or forbear(忍耐, 克制, 避免) something : CONTRACT 2 : to demand an express term in an agreement - used with for transitive verb 1 : to specify as a condition or requirement (as of an agreement or offer) 2 : to give a guarantee of adjective : having stipules(托叶)

stinginess

['stiŋinis] n.小气

jibe

[dʒaib] v.与...一致，符合 intransitive verb 1 : to shift suddenly and forcibly from one side to the other - used of a fore-and-aft sail 2 : to change a vessel's(船只) course when sailing with the wind so that as the stern passes through the eye of the wind the boom swings to the opposite side transitive verb : to cause to jibe intransitive verb : to utter taunting(奚落) words transitive verb : to deride or tease with taunting words synonyms see SCOFF

jejune

[dʒi'dʒu:n] a.空洞的；不成熟的 1 : lacking nutritive value <jejune diets> 2 : devoid of significance or interest : DULL <jejune lectures> 3 : JUVENILE, PUERILE(幼稚的) <jejune reflections on life and art>

endemic

[en'demik] a.地方性的 1 a : belonging or native to a particular people or country b : characteristic of or prevalent in a particular field, area, or environment <problems endemic to translation> <the self-indulgence endemic in the film industry> 2 : restricted or peculiar to a locality or region <endemic diseases> <an endemic species> synonyms see NATIVE

enfetter

[en'fetə] v.给...上脚镣；束缚，使受制于 : to bind in fetters : ENCHAIN

strident

['straidnt] a.尖声的，刺耳的 : characterized by harsh, insistent, and discordant sound <a strident voice> also : commanding attention by a loud or obtrusive(强迫人的，冒失的，莽撞的, 突出的) quality <strident slogans> synonyms see LOUD, !VOCIFEROUS Compared to Loud STRIDENT implies a rasping discordant but insistent quality, especially of voice <the strident voices of hecklers>. Compared to Vociferous STRIDENT suggests harsh and discordant noise <heard the strident cry of the crow(乌鸦)>.

striate

['straieit] v.在...加上条纹 transitive verb: to mark with striations or striae(条纹，细沟，壳纹) adjective : STRIATED(有条纹的)

striated

['straieitid] a.有条纹的 1 : marked with striations or striae 2 : of, relating to, or being striated muscle

stutter

['stʌtə] n./v.口吃，结巴 intransitive verb 1 : to speak with involuntary disruption or blocking of speech (as by spasmodic(间歇的，痉挛的) repetition or prolongation of vocal sounds) 2 : to move or act in a halting(踌躇的；迟疑不决的；吞吞吐吐的) or spasmodic manner <the old jalopy(破旧车) bucks and stutters uphill ― William Cleary> transitive verb : to say, speak, or sound with or as if with a stutter

sweltering

['sweltəriŋ] a.酷热的 : oppressively hot <sweltering summer days> ?swelter ['sweltə] vi. 汗流浃背，中暑，热得难受 vt. 使热得难受 n. 中暑

swindle

['swindl] v.诈骗 intransitive verb : to obtain money or property by fraud or deceit transitive verb : to take money or property from by fraud or deceit synonyms see CHEAT SWINDLE implies large-scale cheating by misrepresentation(误称) or abuse of confidence <swindled of their savings by con artists>.

surfeit

['sə:fit] n.(食物)过量，过度；v.使过量 noun 1 : an overabundant supply : EXCESS 2 : an intemperate or immoderate indulgence in something (as food or drink) 3 : disgust caused by excess transitive verb : to feed, supply, or give to surfeit intransitive verb archaic : to indulge to satiety in a gratification (as indulgence of the appetite or senses) synonyms see SATIATE SURFEIT implies a nauseating(使人恶心的) repletion(充满) <surfeited themselves with junk food>.

bruise

[bru:z] v.受伤，擦伤 If a fruit, vegetable, or plant bruises or is bruised, it is damaged by being handled roughly, making a mark on the skin. If you are bruised by an unpleasant experience, it makes you feel unhappy or upset.

bulb

[bʌlb] n.植物的球茎；灯泡

duplicitous

[dju'plisətəs] a.搞两面派的，奸诈的 Someone who is duplicitous is deceitful.

drenched

[drentʃ] a.湿透的

droop

[dru:p] v.低垂；沮丧，萎靡 If something droops, it hangs or leans downwards with no strength or firmness. intransitive verb 1 : to hang or incline downward 2 : to sink gradually 3 : to become depressed or weakened : LANGUISH(萎靡不振) : the condition or appearance of drooping

circulate

['sə:kjuleit] v.循环；流通；发行 If a piece of writing circulates or is circulated, copies of it are passed round among a group of people. If something such as a rumour circulates or is circulated, the people in a place tell it to each other. I deeply resented those sort of rumours being circulated at a time of deeply personal grief. = spread When something circulates, it moves easily and freely within a closed place or system. If you circulate at a party, you move among the guests and talk to different people.

sulky

['sʌlki] a.生气的,不和蔼的，板著面孔的 1 a : sulking or given to spells of sulking b : relating to or indicating a sulk <a sulky expression> 2 : having wheels and usually a seat for the driver <a sulky !plow(犁)> synonyms see SULLEN SULKY suggests childish resentment expressed in peevish(坏脾气的，易怒的) sullenness <grew sulky after every spat>. noun : a light 2-wheeled vehicle (as for harness racing) having a seat for the driver only and usually no body

summary

['sʌməri] a. 摘要的；简略的 n.摘要，概要； noun 1 : COMPREHENSIVE especially : covering the main points !succinctly(简明地，简洁地) 2 a : done without delay or formality : quickly executed <a summary dismissal> b : of, relating to, or using a summary proceeding <a summary trial>

summarily

['sʌmərəli] adv.概括地；仓促地

technocrat

['teknəkræt] n.技术管理人员 1 : an adherent of technocracy 2 : a technical expert especially : one exercising managerial authority

blustering

['blʌstəriŋ] n. 怒号,吓唬 v.咆哮, 恐吓, 风狂吹, 汹涌, 咆哮

browbeat

['braubi:t] v.欺侮；吓唬 If someone tries to browbeat you, they try to force you to do what they want. : to intimidate or disconcert by a stern manner or arrogant speech : BULLY (威胁)

bracing

['breisiŋ] a.令人振奋的 If you describe something, especially a place, climate, or activity as bracing, you mean that it makes you feel fresh and full of energy. = invigorating

bracelet

['breislit] n.手镯，臂镯

bricklayer

['brikleiə(r)] n.砌砖盖房者，泥瓦匠

lurid

['ljuərid] a.耀眼的；骇人听闻的 1 a : causing horror or revulsion : GRUESOME(毛骨悚然的，恶心的) b : MELODRAMATIC(戏剧似的，感情夸张的), SENSATIONAL also : SHOCKING <paperbacks in the usual lurid covers - T. R. Fyvel> 2 a : wan(苍白的) and ghastly((联想到死亡引起的)可怕的) pale in appearance b : of any of several light or medium grayish colors ranging in hue(色调) from yellow to orange 3 : shining with the red glow of fire seen through smoke or cloud

lachrymose

['lækriməus] a.好流泪的；引人落泪的 1 : given to tears or weeping : TEARFUL 2 : tending to cause tears : MOURNFUL

lactic

['læktik] a.乳汁的 1 a : of or relating to milk b : obtained from sour milk or whey 2 : involving the production of lactic acid

landlocked

['lændlɔkt] a.被陆地包围的 1 : enclosed or nearly enclosed by land <a landlocked country> 2 : confined to freshwater by some barrier <landlocked salmon> 3 : living or located away from the ocean <a landlocked sailor>

landslide

['lændslaid] n.山崩；压倒性胜利 1 : the usually rapid downward movement of a mass of rock, earth, or artificial fill on a slope also : the mass that moves down 2 a : a great majority of votes for one side b : an overwhelming victory

bucket

['bʌkit] >n.圆桶

droplet

['drɔplit] n.小水滴 : a tiny drop (as of a liquid)

dummy

['dʌmi] n.人体模型，假人 A dummy is a model of a person, often used to display clothes.= mannequin You can use dummy to refer to things that are not real, but have been made to look or behave as if they are real.= fake Dummy patrol cars will be set up beside motorways to frighten speeding motorists...

jaded

['dʒeidid] a.疲惫的；厌倦的；(胶卷)暴光过分的 1 : fatigued by overwork : EXHAUSTED 2 : made dull, apathetic(缺乏兴趣的；冷漠的), or cynical(愤世嫉俗的) by experience or by surfeit(过度) <jaded network viewers> <jaded voters>

lattice

['lætis] n.(做篱笆或爬藤架等的)格子架 1 a : a framework or structure of crossed wood or metal strips b : a window, door, or gate having a lattice c : a network or design resembling a lattice

enamel

[i'næməl] n.珐琅，瓷釉

enduring

[in'djuəriŋ] a.持续的 : LASTING, DURABLE <an enduring truth>

enfeeble

[in'fi:bl] v.使衰弱 : to make feeble : deprive of strength

insider

[in'saidə(r)] n.局内人，圈内人 : a person recognized or accepted as a member of a group, category, or organization: as a : a person who is in a position of power or has access to confidential information b : one (as an officer or director) who is in a position to have special knowledge of the affairs of or to influence the decisions of a company insidious [in'sidiəs] a.隐藏诡计的 1 a : awaiting a chance to entrap(诱骗) : TREACHEROUS(背叛的

intrigue

[in'tri:g] v.密谋；引起...极大兴趣 noun 1 a : a secret scheme : MACHINATION b : the practice of engaging in intrigues 2 : a clandestine(秘密的) love affair synonyms see PLOT INTRIGUE suggests secret underhanded maneuvering(演习，策略) in an atmosphere of duplicity(口是心非) <backstairs intrigue>. transitive verb 1 : CHEAT, TRICK 2 : to accomplish by intrigue <intrigued myself into the club> 4 : to arouse the interest, desire, or curiosity of <intrigued by the tale> intransitive verb : to carry on an intrigue especially : PLOT, SCHEME

entreat

[in'tri:t] v.恳求 intransitive verb 2 : to make an earnest request : PLEAD transitive verb 1 : to plead with especially in order to persuade : ask urgently <entreated his boss for another chance> synonyms see BEG

entreaty

[in'tri:ti] n.恳求，哀求 An entreaty is a very polite, serious request. (FORMAL) The FA has resisted all entreaties to pledge its support to the campaign. : an act of entreating : PLEA

entrancing

[in'trɒ:nsiŋ] a.使人入神的，使人神魂颠倒的 The light reflected off the stone, creating a golden glow he found entrancing.

entrust

[in'trʌst] v.委托；托付 If you entrust something important to someone or entrust them with it, you make them responsible for looking after it or dealing with it. 1 : to confer a trust on especially : to deliver something in trust to 2 : to commit to another with confidence synonyms see COMMIT

intact

[in'tækt] a.完整的，未动过的 1 : untouched especially by anything that harms or diminishes : ENTIRE, UNINJURED 2 of a living body or its parts : having no relevant component removed or destroyed: a : physically virginal b : not castrated

capitulate

[kə'pitjuleit] v.(有条件地)投降 If you capitulate, you stop resisting and do what someone else wants you to do. = submit, yield 1 archaic : PARLEY(和谈), NEGOTIATE(商议,谈判,交涉) 2 a : to surrender often after negotiation of terms b : to cease resisting : ACQUIESCE(v. 勉强同意；默许)

caprice

[kə'pri:s] n.奇思怪想，变化无常，任性 A caprice is an unexpected action or decision which has no strong reason or purpose. (FORMAL) = whim, impulse

compel

[kəm'pel] v.强迫 If a situation, a rule, or a person compels you to do something, they force you to do it. If you feel compelled to do something, you feel that you must do it, because it is the right thing to do. 1 : to drive or urge forcefully or irresistibly <hunger compelled him to eat> 2 : to cause to do or occur by overwhelming pressure <public opinion compelled her to sign the bill>

condense

[kən'dens] v.浓缩 If you condense something, especially a piece of writing or speech, you make it shorter, usually by including only the most important parts. When a gas or vapour condenses, or is condensed, it changes into a liquid. vt : to make denser or more compact especially : to subject to condensation vi : to undergo condensation

conflate

[kən'fleit] v.合并 If you conflate two or more descriptions or ideas, or if they conflate, you combine them in order to produce a single one. (FORMAL)

loom

[lu:m] n.织布机；v.(威胁性)隐约出现(常令人生畏) noun : a frame or machine for interlacing at right angles two or more sets of threads or yarns to form a cloth intransitive verb 1 : to come into sight in enlarged or distorted and indistinct form often as a result of atmospheric conditions 2 a : to appear in an impressively great or exaggerated form <deficits(赤字，亏空，逆差) loomed large> b : to take shape as an impending(不祥之兆) occurrence

loon

[lu:n] n.愚人；疯子 1 : LOUT(粗鄙的男子), IDLER(游手好闲的人) 3 a : a crazy person b : SIMPLETON 笨蛋,傻子(缺乏常识)

theoretical

[θiə'retikəl] a.不切实际的；理论(上)的 1 a : relating to or having the character of theory : ABSTRACT b : confined to theory or speculation often in contrast to practical applications : SPECULATIVE(思考的 思索的) <theoretical physics> 2 : given to or skilled in theorizing <a brilliant theoretical physicist> 3 : existing only in theory : HYPOTHETICAL <gave as an example a theoretical situation>

thrive

[θraiv] v.茁壮成长 1 : to grow vigorously : FLOURISH 2 : to gain in wealth or possessions : PROSPER 3 : to progress toward or realize a goal despite or because of circumstances - often used with on <thrives on conflict>

thread

[θred] n.螺纹

throng

[θrɔŋ] n.一大群；v.拥挤 noun 1 a : a multitude of assembled persons b : a large number : HOST(大群, 众多, 许多人或事物) 2 a : a crowding together of many persons b : a pressing increase of activity <this throng of business - S. R. Crockett> synonyms see CROWD transitive verb 1 : to crowd upon : PRESS <a celebrity thronged by fans> 2 : to crowd into : PACK <shoppers thronging the streets> intransitive verb : to crowd together in great numbers

throne

[θrəun] n.宝座；王位 noun 1 a : the chair of state of a sovereign or high dignitary (as a bishop) b : the seat of a deity(神 女神) 2 : royal power and dignity : SOVEREIGNTY 3 plural : an order of angels - see CELESTIAL HIERARCHY transitive verb 1 : to seat on a throne 2 : to invest(授予某人官阶,职位或权力) with kingly rank or power intransitive verb 1 : to sit on a throne 2 : to hold kingly power

effluvia

[i'flu:vjə] n.气味，恶臭；废料 1 : an invisible emanation especially : an offensive exhalation or smell 2 : a by-product especially in the form of waste

effulgent

[i'fʌldʒənt] a.灿烂的 : radiant splendor : BRILLIANCE

emulsify

[i'mʌlsifai] v.使乳化 : to disperse (as an oil) in an emulsion also : to convert (two or more immiscible liquids) into an emulsion

ineptitude

[i'neptitju:d] n.无能，不称职 : the quality or state of being inept especially : INCOMPETENCE

iniquity

[i'nikwiti] n.邪恶，不公正 1 : gross injustice : WICKEDNESS 2 : a wicked act or thing : SIN

inimitable

[i'nimitəbl] a.无法仿效的，不可比拟的 : not capable of being imitated : MATCHLESS <her own inimitable style>

dwell

1 : to remain for a time 2 a : to live as a resident b : EXIST, LIE 3 a : to keep the attention directed used with on or upon <tried not to dwell on my fears> b : to speak or write insistently used with on or upon <leering reviewers dwelled on a publicity photograph>

blizzard

['blizəd] n.暴风雪

breadth

[bredθ] n.宽度

chrysanthemum

[kri'sænθ`əməm] n.菊，菊花

synergic

[si'nə:dʒik] a.协同作用的

?stiff

[stif] a.僵直的，呆板的，严厉的

emaciation

[i`meiʃi'eiʃən] n.消瘦，衰弱

synonyms ENORMOUS, IMMENSE, HUGE, VAST, GIGANTIC, COLOSSAL, MAMMOTH mean exceedingly large.

ENORMOUS and IMMENSE both suggest an exceeding of all ordinary bounds in size or amount or degree, but ENORMOUS often adds an implication of abnormality or monstrousness <an enormous expense> <an immense shopping mall>. HUGE commonly suggests an immensity of bulk or amount <incurred(遭受) a huge debt>. VAST usually suggests immensity of extent <the vast Russian steppes>. GIGANTIC stresses the contrast with the size of others of the same kind <a gigantic sports stadium>. COLOSSAL applies especially to a human creation of stupendous or incredible dimensions <a colossal statue of Lincoln>. MAMMOTH suggests both hugeness and ponderousness of bulk <a mammoth boulder>.

biped

['baiped] n.二足动物

billowy

['biləui] a.如波浪般翻滚的

tantrum

['tæntrəm] n.发脾气，发怒 : a fit of bad temper

kangaroo

[`kæŋgə'ru:] n.袋鼠

bilingual

[bai'liŋgwəl]a.(说)两种语言的

brag

[bræg] v.吹嘘 = boast

indubitable

[in'dju:bitəbl] a.不容置疑的 : too evident to be doubted : UNQUESTIONABLE

ensure

[in'ʃuə] v.确保，担保 : to make sure, certain, or safe : GUARANTEE

compete

[kəm'pi:t] v.竞争，对抗

colon

[kəu'lən] n.冒号

?stock

[stɔk] a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货

synonyms CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression

CONCISE suggests the removal of all that is superfluous or elaborative <a concise description>. TERSE implies pointed conciseness <a terse reply>. SUCCINCT implies the greatest possible compression <a succinct letter of resignation>. LACONIC implies brevity to the point of seeming rude, indifferent, or mysterious <an aloof and laconic stranger>. SUMMARY suggests the statement of main points with no elaboration or explanation <a summary listing of the year's main events>. PITHY adds to SUCCINCT or TERSE the implication of richness of meaning or substance <a comedy sharpened by pithy one-liners>. COMPENDIOUS applies to what is at once full in scope and brief and concise in treatment <a compendious dictionary>.

synonyms ECSTASY, RAPTURE, TRANSPORT mean intense exaltation of mind and feelings.

ECSTASY and RAPTURE both suggest a state of trance or near immobility produced by an overpowering emotion. ECSTASY may apply to any strong emotion (as joy, fear, rage, adoration) <religious ecstasy>. RAPTURE usually implies intense bliss or beatitude <in speechless rapture>. TRANSPORT applies to any powerful emotion that lifts one out of oneself and usually provokes vehement(热情洋溢的) expression or frenzied action <in a transport of rage>.

synonyms ENMITY, HOSTILITY, ANTIPATHY, ANTAGONISM, ANIMOSITY, RANCOR, ANIMUS mean deep-seated dislike or ill will.

ENMITY suggests positive hatred which may be open or concealed <an unspoken enmity>. HOSTILITY suggests an enmity showing itself in attacks or aggression <hostility between the two nations>. ANTIPATHY and ANTAGONISM imply a natural or logical basis for one's hatred or dislike, ANTIPATHY suggesting repugnance(深恶痛绝), a desire to avoid or reject, and ANTAGONISM suggesting a clash of temperaments leading readily to hostility <a natural antipathy for self-seekers> <antagonism between the brothers>. ANIMOSITY suggests intense ill will and vindictiveness(有报仇心的) that threaten to kindle hostility <animosity that led to revenge>. RANCOR is especially applied to bitter brooding over a wrong <rancor filled every line of his letters>. ANIMUS adds to animosity the implication of strong prejudice <objections devoid of personal animus>.

synonyms ENSURE, INSURE, ASSURE, SECURE mean to make a thing or person sure.

ENSURE, INSURE and ASSURE are interchangeable in many contexts where they indicate the making certain or inevitable of an outcome, but ENSURE may imply a virtual guarantee <the government has ensured the safety of the refugees>, while INSURE sometimes stresses the taking of necessary measures beforehand <careful planning should insure the success of the party>, and ASSURE distinctively implies the removal of doubt and suspense from a person's mind <I assure you that no harm will be done>. SECURE implies action taken to guard against attack or loss <sent reinforcements to secure their position>.

synonyms INCLUDE, COMPREHEND, EMBRACE, INVOLVE mean to contain within as part of the whole.

INCLUDE suggests the containment of something as a constituent, component, or subordinate part of a larger whole <the price of dinner includes dessert>. COMPREHEND implies that something comes within the scope of a statement or definition <his system comprehends all history>. EMBRACE implies a gathering of separate items within a whole <her faith embraces both Christian and non-Christian beliefs>. INVOLVE suggests inclusion by virtue of the nature of the whole, whether by being its natural or inevitable consequence <the new job involves a lot of detail>.

synonyms see SPLENDID

SPLENDID implies outshining the usual or customary <the wedding was a splendid occasion>. GORGEOUS implies a rich splendor especially in display of color <a gorgeous red dress>. GLORIOUS suggests radiance that heightens beauty or distinction <a glorious sunset>. SUBLIME implies an exaltation or elevation almost beyond human comprehension <a vision of sublime beauty>. SUPERB suggests an excellence reaching the highest conceivable degree <her singing was superb>.

synonyms SUPERFICIAL, SHALLOW, CURSORY mean lacking in depth or solidity.

SUPERFICIAL implies a concern only with surface aspects or obvious features <a superficial analysis of the problem>. SHALLOW is more generally derogatory(毁谤的，贬损的) in implying lack of depth in knowledge, reasoning, emotions, or character <a light, shallow, and frivolous review>. CURSORY(粗略草率的) suggests a lack of thoroughness or a neglect of details <gave the letter only a cursory reading>.

synonyms TACT, ADDRESS, POISE, SAVOIR FAIRE mean skill and grace in dealing with others.

TACT implies delicate and considerate perception of what is appropriate <questions showing a lack of tact>. ADDRESS stresses dexterity and grace in dealing with new and trying(难受的，费劲的，令人厌烦的) situations and may imply success in attaining one's ends <brought it off with remarkable address>. POISE may imply both tact and address but stresses self-possession and ease in meeting difficult situations <answered the accusations with unruffled(不起皱的,不骚动的,安静的) poise>.

isolate

['aisəleit] v.孤立；将...从其种群中隔离 1 : to set apart from others also : QUARANTINE(隔离检疫期，隔离) 2 : to select from among others especially : to separate from another substance so as to obtain pure or in a free state 3 : INSULATE

isotope

['aisəutəup] n.同位素 Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons and therefore have different physical properties. (TECHNICAL)

ire

['aiə] n.愤怒；v.激怒 : intense and usually openly displayed anger IRE more frequent in literary contexts, may suggest greater intensity than anger, often with an evident display of feeling <cheeks flushed dark with ire>.

irony

['aiərəni] n.反话 1 : a pretense of ignorance and of willingness to learn from another assumed in order to make the other's false conceptions conspicuous by adroit questioning ― called also Socratic irony 2 a : the use of words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning b : a usually humorous or sardonic(嘲笑的) literary style or form characterized by irony c : an ironic expression or utterance 3 a (1) : incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the normal or expected result (2) : an event or result marked by such incongruity b : incongruity between a situation developed in a drama and the accompanying words or actions that is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play - called also dramatic irony tragic irony

bifurcate

['baifə:keit] v.分为两支，分叉 If something such as a line or path bifurcates or is bifurcated, it divides into two parts which go in different directions. transitive verb : to cause to divide into two branches or parts intransitive verb : to divide into two branches or parts

byline

['bailain] n.(列作者名字的)报刊文章首行 A byline is a line at the top of an article in a newspaper or magazine giving the author's name. (TECHNICAL)

bystander

['baistændə(r)] n.旁观者

biosphere

['baiəsfiə]n.生命层，生物圈

burial

['beriəl] n.埋葬，埋藏

bestial

['bestjəl] a.野兽的，残忍的 1 a : of or relating to beasts b : resembling a beast 2 a : lacking intelligence or reason b : marked by base or inhuman instincts or desires = BRUTAL If you describe behaviour or a situation as bestial, you mean that it is very unpleasant or disgusting.= brutish ...the bestial conditions into which the city has sunk.

beverage

['bevəridʒ] n.饮料

bibliophile

['bibliəufail] n.爱书者，藏书家 : a lover of books especially for qualities of format also : a book collector

boredom

['bɔ:dəm] n.厌烦；令人厌烦的事物 the state of being weary and restless through lack of interest

boring

['bɔ:riŋ] a.无趣的，乏味的 causing boredom : TIRESOME <a boring lecture> Someone or something boring is so dull and uninteresting that they make people tired and impatient. = dull, tedious

bodyguard

['bɔdigɑ:d] n.保镖，侍卫 A bodyguard is a person or a group of people employed to protect someone.

boggle

['bɔgl] v.畏缩不前；使退缩 If you say that the mind boggles at something or that something boggles the mind, you mean that it is so strange or amazing that it is difficult to imagine or understand. 2 : to hesitate because of doubt, fear, or scruples vt 1 : MISHANDLE, BUNGLE 2 : to overwhelm with wonder or bewilderment <boggle the mind>

boycott

['bɔikət] v.抵制(贸易) If a country, group, or person boycotts a country, organization, or activity, they refuse to be involved with it in any way because they disapprove of it.

boisterous

['bɔistərəs] a.喧闹的；猛烈的 Someone who is boisterous is noisy, lively, and full of energy. 2 a : noisily turbulent : ROWDY(喜欢粗暴争吵的) b : marked by or expressive of exuberance(精力充沛) and high spirits 3 : STORMY, TUMULTUOUS(乱哄哄的) synonyms see VOCIFEROUS

buoyant

['bɔiənt] a.有浮力的；快乐的 If you are in a buoyant mood, you feel cheerful and behave in a lively way.= cheerful A buoyant economy is a successful one in which there is a lot of trade and economic activity. A buoyant object floats on a liquid.

bombast

['bɔmbæst] n.高调，夸大之辞 Bombast is trying to impress people by saying things that sound impressive but have little meaning.=pomposity(夸耀)

bonnet

['bɔnit] n.圆帽，扁平软帽, 软帽, 引擎盖

botany

['bɔtəni] n.植物学

dynamo

['dainəməu] n.发电机 A dynamo is a device that uses the movement of a machine or vehicle to produce electricity.

jabber

['dʒæbə] v.快而不清楚地说 intransitive verb : to talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly(不明了地) transitive verb : to speak rapidly or indistinctly noun : GIBBERISH, CHATTER

jagged

['dʒægid] a.锯齿状的，不整齐的 1 : having a sharply uneven edge or surface <jagged peaks> 2 : having a harsh, rough, or irregular quality <jagged rhythms>

jargon

['dʒɑ:gən] n.暗语；行话 1 a : confused unintelligible(难以理解的) language b : a strange, outlandish(古怪的), or barbarous(野蛮的) language or dialect c : a hybrid language or dialect simplified in vocabulary and grammar and used for communication between peoples of different speech 2 : the technical terminology or characteristic idiom of a special activity or group 3 : obscure and often pretentious language marked by circumlocutions and long words

jaundiced

['dʒɔ:ndist] a.有偏见的,嫉妒心重的 1 : affected with or as if with jaundice 2 : exhibiting or influenced by envy, distaste, or hostility <a jaundiced eye>

jaunty

['dʒɔ:nti] a.愉快的，满足的 2 : sprightly(愉快的) in manner or appearance : LIVELY <sporting a jaunty red beret> <a jaunty stroll>

eavesdrop

['i:vzdrɔp] v.偷听，窃听 : to listen secretly to what is said in private

insolence

['insələns] n.傲慢，无礼 1 : the quality or state of being insolent 2 : an instance of insolent conduct or treatment insolent ['insələnt] a.粗野的，无礼的 1 : insultingly contemptuous in speech or conduct : OVERBEARING(傲慢的) 2 : exhibiting boldness or effrontery(厚颜无耻) : IMPUDENT

integrate

['intigreit] v.使成整体 transitive verb 1 : to form, coordinate(协调), or blend into a functioning or unified whole : UNITE 2 : to find the integral of (as a function or equation) 3 a : to unite with something else b : to incorporate into a larger unit 4 a : to end the segregation of and bring into equal membership in society or an organization b : DESEGREGATE(废除（某事物）的种族隔离) <integrate school districts> intransitive verb : to become integrated integrity [in'tegriti] n.正直，诚实；完整 1 : firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values : INCORRUPTIBILITY 2 : an unimpaired condition : SOUNDNESS 3 : the quality or state of being complete or undivided : COMPLETENESS

synonyms see HONESTY intellect

['intilekt] n.智力，思维能力 1 a : the power of knowing as distinguished from the power to feel and to will : the capacity for knowledge b : the capacity for rational or intelligent thought especially when highly developed 2 : a person with great intellectual powers intellectual [`inti'lektjuəl] a.智力的，理智的；n.知识分子 1 a : of or relating to the intellect or its use b : developed or chiefly guided by the intellect rather than by emotion or experience : RATIONAL c : requiring use of the intellect <intellectual games> 2 a : given to study, reflection, and speculation b : engaged in activity requiring the creative use of the intellect <intellectual playwrights>

inundate

['inəndeit] v.淹没；泛滥 1 : to cover with a flood : OVERFLOW 2 : OVERWHELM <was inundated with phone calls>

innocence

['inəsns] n.无辜，清白 1 a : freedom from guilt or sin through being unacquainted with evil : BLAMELESSNESS b : CHASTITY(纯洁, 贞节) c : freedom from legal guilt of a particular crime or offense d (1) : freedom from guile(狡猾，狡诈) or cunning : SIMPLICITY (2) : lack of worldly(世俗的,老练的) experience or sophistication e : lack of knowledge : IGNORANCE <written in entire innocence of the Italian language- E. R. Bentley> 2 : one that is innocent 3 : BLUET

issue

['isju:] v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期 noun 1 plural : proceeds from a source of revenue(国家的税收收入) (as an estate) 2 : the action of going, coming, or flowing out : EGRESS, EMERGENCE 3 : a means or place of going out : EXIT, OUTLET 4 : OFFSPRING, PROGENY <died without issue> 5 a : a final outcome that usually constitutes a solution (as of a problem) or resolution (as of a difficulty) c archaic : TERMINATION, END <hope that his enterprise would have a prosperous issue ― T. B. Macaulay> 6 a : a matter that is in dispute between two or more parties b (1) : a vital or unsettled matter <economic issues> (2) : CONCERN, PROBLEM <I have issues with his behavior> c : the point at which an unsettled matter is ready for a decision <brought the matter to an issue> 7 : a discharge (as of blood) from the body 8 a : something coming forth from a specified source <issues of a disordered imagination> 9 a : the act of publishing or officially giving out or making available <the next issue of commemorative stamps> <issue of supplies by the quartermaster> b : the thing or the whole quantity of things given out at one time <read the latest issue>

isthmus

['isməs] n.地峡 1 : a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas 2 : a narrow anatomical part or passage connecting two larger structures or cavities itinerant [i'tinərənt] a.巡回的，流动的 : traveling from place to place especially : covering a circuit <itinerant preacher>

earplug

['iəplʌg] n.耳塞 Earplugs are small pieces of a soft material which you put into your ears to keep out noise, water, or cold air.

kennel

['kenl] n.狗舍，狗窝 noun 1 a : a shelter for a dog or cat b : an establishment for the breeding or boarding of dogs or cats 2 : a pack of dogs noun : a gutter in a street = cannel intransitive verb : to take shelter in or as if in a kennel transitive verb : to put or keep in or as if in a kennel

kidney

['kidni] n.肾 3 : sort or kind especially with regard to temperament <a nice helpful guy, of a different kidney entirely from the Secret Police ― Paula Lecler>

kidnap

['kidnæp] v.诱拐，绑架，勒赎 : to seize and detain or carry away by unlawful force or fraud(欺诈) and often with a demand for ransom(赎金)

killjoy

['kildʒɔi] n.令人扫兴的人 : one who spoils the pleasure of others

cloudburst

['klaudbə:st] n.大暴雨，豪雨 A cloudburst is a sudden, very heavy fall of rain.

clemency

['klemənsi] n.温和；仁慈，宽厚 If someone is granted clemency, they are punished less severely than they could be. (FORMAL) 1 a : disposition to be merciful and especially to moderate the severity of punishment due b : an act or instance of leniency(宽大，仁慈) 2 : pleasant mildness of weather synonyms see MERCY

cleavage

['kli:vidʒ] n.裂缝；分裂 1 a : the quality of a crystallized substance or rock of splitting along definite planes also : the occurrence of such splitting b : a fragment (as of a diamond) obtained by splitting 2 : the action of cleaving : the state of being cleft 4 : the splitting of a molecule into simpler molecules

clinical

['klinikəl] a.临床的；冷静客观的 You use clinical to describe thought or behaviour which is very logical and does not involve any emotion. = impersonal

classify

['klæsifai] v.分类，归类 1 : to arrange in classes <classifying books according to subject matter> 2 : to assign (as a document) to a category

closet

['klɔzit] n.壁橱；a.秘密的 Closet is used to describe a person who has beliefs, habits, or feelings which they keep secret, often because they are embarrassed about them. Closet is also used of their beliefs, habits, or feelings. He is a closet Fascist.

cloture

['kləutʃə] n.辩论的终结 : the closing or limitation of debate in a legislative body(立法院) especially by calling for a vote

cluster

['klʌstə] n.串，束，群；v.成群，成串 A cluster of people or things is a small group of them close together.

chronic

['krɔnik] a.慢性的，长期的 A chronic illness or disability lasts for a very long time. Compare acute. You can describe someone's bad habits or behaviour as chronic when they have behaved like that for a long time and do not seem to be able to stop themselves. ...a chronic worrier. A chronic situation or problem is very severe and unpleasant.= severe One cause of the artist's suicide seems to have been chronic poverty...

chromosome

['krəuməsəum] n.染色体

choir

['kwaiə] n.(教堂的)歌唱队 A choir is a group of people who sing together, for example in a church or school.

calculating

['kælkjuleitiŋ] a.深谋远虑的，精明的 If you describe someone as calculating, you disapprove of the fact that they deliberately plan to get what they want, often by hurting or harming other people. 2 : marked by prudent(审慎的) analysis or by shrewd (精明的, 机敏的) consideration of self-interest : scheming(诡计多端的)

calculus

['kælkjuləs] n.微积分学；结石

calcium

['kælsiəm] n.钙

calumny

['kæləmni] n.诽谤，中伤 Calumny or a calumny is an untrue statement made about someone in order to reduce other people's respect and admiration for them. (FORMAL) = slander

calorie

['kæləri] n.卡路里；卡(热量单位)

callous

['kæləs] a.结硬块的,无情的, 冷漠的 A callous person or action is very cruel and shows no concern for other people or their feelings. 1 a : being hardened and thickened b : having calluses <callous hands> 2 a : feeling no emotion b : feeling or showing no sympathy for others : HARD-HEARTED <a callous indifference to suffering>

callow

['kæləu] a.(鸟)未生羽毛的；(人)未成熟的 鸟未生羽毛的＝ unfledged；人不成熟的，无经验的＝ immature A callow young person has very little experience or knowledge of the way they should behave as an adult.

candidate

['kændidit] n.候选人；参加考试的人 A candidate is someone who is studying for a degree at a college. (AM) A candidate is a person or thing that is regarded as being suitable for a particular purpose or as being likely to do or be a particular thing.

candidacy

['kændidəsi] n.候选人的资格 Someone's candidacy is their position of being a candidate in an election.

candor

['kændə] n.坦白，率直 1 a : WHITENESS, BRILLIANCE b obsolete : unstained purity 2 : freedom from prejudice or malice : FAIRNESS 4 : unreserved, honest, or sincere expression : forthrightness <the candor with which he acknowledged a weakness in his own case>

canyon

['kænjən] n.峡谷 A canyon is a long, narrow valley with very steep sides.

canvas

['kænvəs] n.画布；帆布 Canvas is a strong, heavy cloth that is used for making things such as tents, sails, and bags. A canvas is a painting that has been done on canvas.= painting

cobbler

['kɔblə] n.补鞋匠 A cobbler is a person whose job is to make or mend shoes. (OLD-FASHIONED) If you describe something that someone has just said as cobblers, you mean that you think it is nonsense. (BRIT INFORMAL) = codswallop These guys talk an awful load of old cobblers.

coddle

['kɔdl] v.溺爱；悉心照料 To coddle someone means to treat them too kindly or protect them too much. 1 : to cook (as eggs) in liquid slowly and gently just below the boiling point 2 : to treat with extreme or excessive care or kindness : PAMPER(纵容；娇生惯养) <accused the court of coddling criminals>

constitute

['kɔnstitju:t] v.组成，构成；建立 If something constitutes a particular thing, it can be regarded as being that thing. Testing patients without their consent would constitute a professional and legal offence... If a number of things or people constitute something, they are the parts or members that form it. = comprise When something such as a committee or government is constituted, it is formally established and given authority to operate. (FORMAL) = set up

conifer

['kəunifə] n.针叶树

colander

['kʌləndə(r)] n.滤器，漏勺 A colander is a container in the shape of a bowl with holes in it which you wash or drain food in.

comely

['kʌmli] a.动人的，美丽的 A comely woman is attractive. (OLD-FASHIONED) 1 : pleasurably conforming to notions of good appearance, suitability, or proportion 2 : having a pleasing appearance : not homely or plain synonyms BEAUTIFUL, LOVELY, HANDSOME, PRETTY, COMELY, FAIR mean exciting sensuous or aesthetic pleasure. BEAUTIFUL applies to whatever excites the keenest of pleasure to the senses and stirs emotion through the senses <beautiful mountain scenery>. LOVELY is close to BEAUTIFUL but applies to a narrower range of emotional excitation in suggesting the graceful, delicate, or exquisite <a lovely melody>. HANDSOME suggests aesthetic pleasure due to proportion, symmetry, or elegance <a handsome Georgian mansion>. PRETTY often applies to superficial or insubstantial attractiveness <a painter of conventionally pretty scenes>. COMELY is like HANDSOME in suggesting what is coolly approved rather than emotionally responded to <the comely grace of a dancer>. FAIR suggests beauty because of purity, flawlessness, or freshness <fair of face>.

compass

['kʌmpəs] n.指南针，罗盘；界限，范围 A compass is an instrument that you use for finding directions. It has a dial and a magnetic needle that always points to the north. We had to rely on a compass and a lot of luck to get here. Compasses are a hinged V-shaped instrument that you use for drawing circles. 1 a : BOUNDARY, CIRCUMFERENCE <within the compass of the city walls> b : a circumscribed space <within the narrow compass of 21 pages> c : RANGE, SCOPE <the compass of my voice>

conjure

['kʌndʒə] v.恳求，祈求；变魔术，变戏法 If you conjure something out of nothing, you make it appear as if by magic. If you conjure up a memory, picture, or idea, you create it in your mind. If something such as a word or sound conjures up particular images or ideas, it makes you think of them.= evoke

ledger

['ledʒə] n.账簿,(手脚架上的)横木 1 : a book containing accounts to which debits(借方) and credits are posted from books of original entry 2 : a horizontal board used for vertical support (as in scaffolding)

legion

['li:dʒən] n.兵团；一大群 1 : the principal unit of the Roman army comprising 3000 to 6000 foot soldiers with cavalry(骑兵) 2 : a large military force especially : ARMY 1A 3 : a very large number : MULTITUDE 4 : a national association of ex-servicemen adjective : MANY, NUMEROUS <the problems are legion>

leakage

['li:kidʒ] n.渗漏，漏出 1 a : the act or process or an instance of leaking b : loss of electricity especially due to faulty insulation 2 : something or the amount that leaks

leniency

['li:niənsi] n.温和，宽容 1 : the quality or state of being lenient 2 : a lenient disposition or practice synonyms see MERCY LENIENCY implies lack of severity in punishing <criticized the courts for excessive leniency>.

lenient

['li:njənt] a.宽大的；仁慈的 1 : exerting a soothing or easing influence : relieving pain or stress 2 : of mild and tolerant disposition especially : INDULGENT

lever

['li:və] n.杠杆；v.撬动 1 a : a bar used for prying or dislodging something b : an inducing or compelling force : TOOL <use food as a political lever - Time> transitive verb 1 : to pry, raise, or move with or as if with a lever 2 : to operate (a device) in the manner of a lever

lethal

['li:θəl] a.致命的 1 a : of, relating to, or causing death <death by lethal injection> b : capable of causing death <lethal chemicals> 2 : gravely damaging or destructive : DEVASTATING <a lethal attack on his reputation> 3 : very potent or effective <a lethal fastball> also : having a high alcohol content <a lethal rum punch> synonyms see DEADLY

liberate

['libə(:)reit] v.释放，解放 1 : to set at liberty : FREE specifically : to free (as a country) from domination by a foreign power 2 : to free from combination <liberate the gas by adding acid> 3 : to take or take over illegally or unjustly <material liberated from a nearby construction site - Thorne Dreyer> synonyms see FREE

libertine

['libə(:)ti:n] n.性行为放纵者，浪荡的人 1 usually disparaging(蔑视的) : a freethinker especially in religious matters 2 : a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality specifically : one leading a dissolute(放荡的) life

liquid

['likwid] a.清澈的 1 : flowing freely like water 2 : having the properties of a liquid : being neither solid nor gaseous 3 a : shining and clear <large liquid eyes> b : being musical and free of harshness in sound c : smooth and unconstrained in movement d : articulated without friction and capable of being prolonged like a vowel(元音) <a liquid consonant(辅音)> 4 a : consisting of or capable of ready conversion into cash <liquid assets> b : capable of covering current liabilities quickly with current assets noun 2 : a fluid (as water) that has no independent shape but has a definite volume and does not expand indefinitely and that is only slightly compressible

liquidate

['likwideit] v.清算；清偿 transitive verb 1 a (1) : to determine by agreement or by litigation(诉讼) the precise amount of (indebtedness, damages, or accounts) (2) : to determine the liabilities and apportion(分配，分派) assets toward discharging the indebtedness of b : to settle (a debt) by payment or other settlement 3 : to do away with(废除，去掉) 4 : to convert (assets) into cash intransitive verb 1 : to liquidate debts, damages, or accounts 2 : to determine liabilities and apportion assets toward discharging indebtedness

liquefy

['likwifai] v.(使)液化，(使)熔解 transitive verb : to reduce to a liquid state intransitive verb : to become liquid

limber

['limbə] a.易弯曲的；敏捷的 1 : capable of being shaped : FLEXIBLE 2 : having a supple(柔软的) and resilient(弹性的) quality (as of mind or body) : AGILE, NIMBLE(敏捷灵活的) transitive verb : to cause to become limber <limber up his fingers> intransitive verb : to become limber <limber up by running> If you limber up, you prepare for an energetic physical activity such as a sport by moving and stretching your body.

lukewarm

['lju:kwɔ:m] a.微温的，不热心的 1 : moderately warm : TEPID 2 : lacking conviction : HALFHEARTED <gave them only lukewarm support>

lumen

['lju:min] n.流明(光通量单位) 1 : the cavity of a tubular organ or part <the lumen of a blood vessel> 2 : the bore(孔) of a tube (as of a hollow needle or catheter(导管)) 3 : a unit of luminous flux equal to the light emitted in a unit solid angle by a uniform point source of one candle intensity

luminary

['lju:minəri] n.杰出人物，名人 1 : a person of prominence or brilliant achievement 2 : a body that gives light especially : one of the celestial bodies If you refer to someone as a luminary, you mean that they are an expert in a particular subject or activity. (LITERARY) = expert

lubricate

['lu:brikeit] v.润滑 transitive verb 1 : to make smooth or slippery 2 : to apply a lubricant to intransitive verb : to act as a lubricant

lubricant

['lu:brikənt] n.润滑剂 1 : a substance (as grease) capable of reducing friction, heat, and wear when introduced as a film between solid surfaces 2 : something that lessens or prevents friction or difficulty <a social lubricant>

ludicrous

['lu:dikrəs] a.荒唐可笑的 1 : amusing or laughable through obvious absurdity, incongruity, exaggeration, or eccentricity 2 : meriting derisive(嘲笑的) laughter or scorn as absurdly inept, false, or foolish synonyms see LAUGHABLE LUDICROUS suggests absurdity that excites both laughter and scorn <a thriller(惊险小说) with a ludicrous plot>.

lucrative

['lu:krətiv] a.赚钱的，有利可图的 : producing wealth : PROFITABLE

loophole

['lu:phəul] n.枪眼，小窗，换气孔 1 a : a small opening through which small arms may be fired b : a similar opening to admit light and air or to permit observation 2 : a means of escape especially : an ambiguity or omission in the text through which the intent of a statute, contract, or obligation may be evaded transitive verb : to make loopholes in

lucid

['lu:sid] a.表达清楚的，明白易懂的 1 a : suffused(弥漫，充满) with light : LUMINOUS b : TRANSLUCENT(透明的) <snorkeling(潜水) in the lucid sea> 2 : having full use of one's faculties : SANE(神志清楚的；判断正确的) 3 : clear to the understanding : INTELLIGIBLE

loosen

['lu:sn] v.变松，松开 transitive verb 1 : to release from restraint 2 : to make looser <loosened his tie> <loosen a screw> 3 : to relieve (the bowels) of constipation(便秘) 4 : to cause or permit to become less strict - often used with up <loosened the rules> intransitive verb : to become loose or looser loosen up : to become less tense : RELAX

lackluster

['læk`lʌstə] a.无光泽的；呆滞的 : lacking in sheen(光辉), brilliance, or vitality : DULL, MEDIOCRE(平庸的)

landmark

['lændmɑ:k] n.陆标；里程碑 1 : an object (as a stone or tree) that marks the boundary of land 2 a : a conspicuous object on land that marks a locality b : an anatomical structure used as a point of orientation in locating other structures 3 : an event or development that marks a turning point or a stage 4 : a structure (as a building) of unusual historical and usually aesthetic interest especially : one that is officially designated and set aside for preservation

lassitude

['læsitju:d] n.无力；没精打采 1 : a condition of weariness or debility(衰弱) : FATIGUE 2 : a condition of listlessness(无精打采) : LANGUOR(衰弱无力) synonyms see LETHARGY LASSITUDE stresses listlessness or indifference resulting from fatigue or poor health <a depression marked by lassitude>.

lasting

['lɑ:stiŋ] a.持久的，永久的 : existing or continuing a long while : ENDURING synonyms LASTING, PERMANENT, DURABLE, STABLE mean enduring for so long as to seem fixed or established. LASTING implies a capacity to continue indefinitely <a book that left a lasting impression on me>. latency ['leitənsi] n.潜伏期 1 : the quality or state of being latent : DORMANCY(冬眠) 2 : something latent 3 : a stage of psychosexual development following the phallic stage that extends from about the age of five or six to the beginning of puberty and during which sexual urges often appear to lie dormant 4 : LATENT PERIOD 2 :the interval between stimulation and response

larva

['lɑ:və] n.(昆虫的)幼虫 A larva is an insect (or an amphibian) at the stage of its life after it has developed from an egg and before it changes into its adult form.

lava

['lɑ:və] n.熔岩 : molten rock that issues from a volcano or from a fissure in the surface of a planet (as earth) or moon also : such rock that has cooled and hardened

lofty

['lɔ(:)fti] a.崇高的，高尚的 1 a : elevated in character and spirit : NOBLE <lofty ideals> b : elevated in status : SUPERIOR 2 : having a haughty(傲慢自大的) overbearing(傲慢的) manner : SUPERCILIOUS(目中无人的) 3 a : rising to a great height : impressively high <lofty mountains> b : REMOTE, ESOTERIC(深奥的；秘传的) 4 : having full-bodied, firm, and resilient(有弹力的) textile fibers <lofty flannel> synonyms see HIGH LOFTY suggests great or imposing(壮丽的) altitude <lofty mountain peaks>.

lopsided

['lɔp'saidid] a.倾向一方的，不平衡的 1 : leaning to one side 2 : lacking in balance, symmetry, or proportion : disproportionately heavy on one side <a lopsided vote of 99-1>

locus

['ləukəs] n.地点，所在地 1 a : the place where something is situated or occurs : SITE, LOCATION <was the culture of medicine in the beginning dispersed from a single focus or did it arise in several loci? - S. C. Harvey> b : a center of activity, attention, or concentration <in democracy the locus of power is in the people - H. G. Rickover> 2 : the set of all points whose location is determined by stated conditions 3 : the position in a chromosome of a particular gene or allele

luxury

['lʌkʃəri] n.奢侈(品) 2 : a condition of abundance or great ease and comfort : sumptuous(豪华的) environment <lived in luxury> 3 a : something adding to pleasure or comfort but not absolutely necessary <one of life's luxuries> b : an indulgence in something that provides pleasure, satisfaction, or ease <had the luxury of rejecting a handful of job offers - Terri Minsky>

lullaby

['lʌləbai] n.摇篮曲 : a soothing refrain specifically : a song to quiet children or lull them to sleep : to quiet with or as if with a lullaby

lumber

['lʌmbə] v.蹒跚而行，笨拙地走；n.杂物；木材 intransitive verb 1 : to move ponderously 2 : RUMBLE noun 1 : surplus or disused articles (as furniture) that are stored away (杂物) 2 a : timber(木材) or logs especially when dressed for use b : any of various structural materials prepared in a form similar to lumber

lumberjack

['lʌmbədʒæk] n.伐木工 A lumberjack is a person whose job is to cut down trees. : LOGGER

labyrinth

['l鎎ərinθ] n.迷宫 If you describe a place as a labyrinth, you mean that it is made up of a complicated series of paths or passages, through which it is difficult to find your way. (LITERARY) = maze If you describe a situation, process, or area of knowledge as a labyrinth, you mean that it is very complicated. (FORMAL)= maze ...a labyrinth of conflicting political and sociological interpretations.

magnitude

['mægnitju:d] n.重要；星球的光亮度 1 a : great size or extent b (1) : spatial quality : SIZE (2) : QUANTITY, NUMBER 2 : the importance, quality, or caliber(器量) of something 3 : a number representing the intrinsic or apparent brightness of a celestial body on a logarithmic scale in which an increase of one unit corresponds to a reduction in the brightness of light by a factor of 2.512 4 : a numerical quantitative measure expressed usually as a multiple of a standard unit 5 : the intensity of an earthquake represented by a number on an arbitrary scale <a magnitude six earthquake>

magpie

['mægpai] n.鹊；饶舌的人 2 : a person who chatters noisily 3 : one who collects indiscriminately adjective 1 : collected indiscriminately : MISCELLANEOUS(混杂的) <magpie compilations of unrelated tidbits - Helen R. Cross> 2 : given to indiscriminate collecting : ACQUISITIVE <what possible magpie instinct had impelled me to retain them - S. J. Perelman>

maculated

['mækjuleitid] a.有斑点的 1 : marked with spots : BLOTCHED 2 : IMPURE, BESMIRCHED(弄污)

macerate

['mæsəreit] v.浸软；消瘦 transitive verb 1 : to cause to waste away by or as if by excessive fasting 2 : to cause to become soft or separated into constituent elements by or as if by steeping in fluid broadly : STEEP, SOAK intransitive verb : to soften and wear away especially as a result of being wetted or steeped

madrigal

['mɑ:drigəl] n.抒情短诗，情歌，合唱曲 1 : a medieval short lyrical poem in a strict poetic form 2 a : a complex polyphonic unaccompanied vocal piece on a secular(世俗的) text developed especially in the 16th and 17th centuries b : PART-SONG(合唱曲) especially : GLEE(欢乐)

knotty

['nɔti] a.有节疤的 : marked by or full of knots especially : so full of difficulties and complications as to be likely to defy solution <a knotty problem>

cistern

['sistən] n.贮水池 A cistern is a container which stores the water supply for a building, or that holds the water for flushing a toilet. (mainly BRIT

civil

['sivl] a.国内的；公民的；文明的 You use civil to describe events that happen within a country and that involve the different groups of people in it. ...civil unrest. You use civil to describe people or things in a country that are not connected with its armed forces. ...the US civil aviation industry.≠ military You use civil to describe things that are connected with the state rather than with a religion. ≠ religious ...Jewish civil and religious law. You use civil to describe the rights that people have within a society. ...a United Nations covenant(盟约) on civil and political rights. Someone who is civil is polite in a formal way, but not particularly friendly. (FORMAL)= polite As visitors, the least we can do is be civil to the people in their own land.

synchronous

['siŋkrənəs] a.同时发生的 1 : happening, existing, or arising at precisely the same time 2 : recurring or operating at exactly the same periods 3 : involving or indicating synchronism(同步性(音画吻合)) 4 a : having the same period also : having the same period and phase b : GEOSTATIONARY(与地球相对位置同步的) 5 : of, used in, or being digital communication (as between computers) in which a common timing signal is established that dictates when individual bits can be transmitted and which allows for very high rates of data transfer synonyms see CONTEMPORARY SYNCHRONOUS implies exact correspondence in time and especially in periodic intervals <synchronous timepieces(计时器)>.

superimpose

['sju:pərim'pəuz] v.加在上面 transitive verb : to place or lay over or above something <superimposed images> <superimposed a formula on the stories>

stigmatize

['stigmətaiz] v.污蔑，玷污 b : to describe or identify in opprobrious(辱骂的；臭名昭著的) terms 2 : to mark with stigmata

stricture

['striktʃə] n.严厉谴责；束缚 1 a : an abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage also : the narrowed part b : a constriction of the breath passage in the production of a speech sound 2 : something that closely restrains or limits : RESTRICTION <moral strictures> 3 : an adverse criticism : CENSURE

stringent

['strindʒənt] a.(规定)严格的，苛刻的；缺钱的 1 : TIGHT, CONSTRICTED 2 : marked by rigor, strictness, or severity especially with regard to rule or standard <stringent decontamination procedures> 3 : marked by money scarcity and credit strictness <a stringent budget> synonyms see RIGID STRINGENT suggests severe, tight restriction or limitation <stringent standards of admission>.

stranded

['strændid] a.搁浅的，进退两难的

stratagem

['strætidʒəm] n.谋略，策略 1 a : an artifice or trick in war for deceiving and outwitting the enemy b : a cleverly contrived trick or scheme for gaining an end 2 : skill in ruses(诡计) or trickery = ploy

suffrage

['sʌfridʒ] n.选举权，投票权 1 : a short intercessory(仲裁的，调解的) prayer(祈祷，祷告) usually in a series 2 : a vote given in deciding a controverted question or electing a person for an office or trust 3 : the right of voting : FRANCHISE(特权，公民权，特许经销权) also : the exercise of such right

suffragist

['sʌfrədʒist] n.参政权扩大论者；妇女政权论者 : one who advocates extension of suffrage especially to women

suffocate

['sʌfəkeit] v.(使)窒息而死 transitive verb 1 a (1) : to stop the respiration of (as by strangling(勒死，使窒息，限制) or !asphyxiation(窒息)) (2) : to deprive of oxygen b : to make uncomfortable by want of fresh air 2 : to impede or stop the development of intransitive verb 1 : to become suffocated: a (1) : to die from being unable to breathe (2) : to die from lack of oxygen b : to be uncomfortable through lack of fresh air 2 : to become checked in development

supplement

['sʌplimənt] v./n.增补，补充 noun 1 a : something that completes or makes an addition b : DIETARY SUPPLEMENT 2 : a part added to or issued as a continuation of a book or periodical to correct errors or make additions 3 : an angle or arc that when added to a given angle or arc equals 180° transitive verb : to add or serve as a supplement to <does odd jobs to supplement his income>

suppliant

['sʌpliənt] a.恳求的，哀求的；n.恳求者 noun: SUPPLICANT adjective 1 : humbly imploring(恳求的，哀求的) : ENTREATING <a suppliant sinner seeking forgiveness - O. J. Baab> 2 : expressing supplication(祈愿) <upraised to the heavens suppliant arms - William Styron>

surrogate

['sʌrəgit] n.代替品；代理人 transitive verb : to put in the place of another: a : to appoint as successor, deputy, or substitute for oneself b : SUBSTITUTE noun 1 a : one appointed to act in place of another : DEPUTY 2 : one that serves as a substitute 3 : SURROGATE MOTHER

subtle

['sʌtl] a.微妙的，精巧的 1 a : DELICATE, ELUSIVE <a subtle fragrance> b : difficult to understand or perceive : OBSCURE <subtle differences in sound> 2 a : PERCEPTIVE, REFINED <a writer's sharp and subtle moral sense> b : having or marked by keen insight and ability to penetrate deeply and thoroughly <a subtle scholar> 3 a : highly skillful : EXPERT <a subtle craftsman> b : cunningly made or contrived : INGENIOUS 4 : ARTFUL, CRAFTY <a subtle rogue(不诚实或不道德的男子 无耻之徒)> 5 : operating !insidiously(阴险) <subtle poisons>

tasty

['teisti] a.味道好的 1 a : having a marked and appetizing flavor <a tasty meal> b : strikingly attractive or interesting <a tasty bit of gossip> 2 : TASTEFUL(有滋味的，好吃的，有品位的) synonyms see PALATABLE(美味的；令人愉快的) TASTY implies a pronounced taste <a tart and tasty pie>.

tension

['tenʃən] n.紧张，焦虑；张力 noun 1 a : the act or action of stretching or the condition or degree of being stretched to stiffness : !TAUTNESS(绷紧；紧张) b : STRESS 1B : the deformation caused in a body by such a force 2 a : either of two balancing forces causing or tending to cause extension b : the stress resulting from the elongation of an elastic body 3 a : inner striving, unrest, or imbalance often with physiological indication of emotion b : a state of latent hostility or opposition between individuals or groups c : a balance maintained in an artistic work between opposing forces or elements 4 : a device to produce a desired tension (as in a !loom(织布机)) adjective : to subject to tension especially : to tighten to a desired or appropriate degree

tepid

['tepid] a.微温的 1 : moderately warm : !LUKEWARM(冷淡的；漠不关心的) <a tepid bath> 2 a : lacking in passion, force, or zest <tepid poetry> b : marked by an absence of enthusiasm or conviction <a tepid interest> <a tepid response>

terrain

['terein] n.地势，地形 1 a (1) : a geographic area (2) : a piece of land : GROUND b : the physical features of a tract of land(地势) 2 : TERRANE 1 : the area or surface over which a particular rock or group of rocks is prevalent 3 a : a field of knowledge or interest : !TERRITORY b : ENVIRONMENT, MILIEU(个人所处的社会环境)

terrace

['terəs] n.一层梯田；阳台 A terrace is a row of similar houses joined together by their side walls. (BRIT) A terrace is a flat area of stone or grass next to a building where people can sit. Terraces are a series of flat areas built like steps on the side of a hill so that crops can be grown there.(梯田) The terraces at a football ground are wide steps that people can stand on when they are watching a game. (BRIT)

testy

['testi] a.性急的，暴躁的 1 : easily annoyed : IRRITABLE(急躁的 易怒的 暴躁的) 2 : marked by impatience or ill humor <testy remarks>

testify

['testifai] v.见证，证实 intransitive verb 1 a : to make a statement based on personal knowledge or belief : bear witness b : to serve as evidence or proof 2 : to express a personal conviction 3 : to make a !solemn(庄重的 郑重的) declaration under oath for the purpose of establishing a fact (as in a court) transitive verb 1 a : to bear witness to : ATTEST(证明，证实) b : to serve as evidence of : PROVE 3 : to declare under oath before a tribunal(法庭；法官席) or officially constituted public body

testiness

['testinis] n.易怒

tedium

['ti:diəm] n.单调乏味 1 : the quality or state of being tedious : TEDIOUSNESS also : BOREDOM 2 : a tedious period of time <long tediums of strained anxiety - H. G. Wells>

tedious

['ti:diəs] a.冗长的，沉闷的 : tiresome because of length or dullness : BORING <a tedious public ceremony>

taxing

['tæksiŋ] a.繁重的 : ONEROUS(繁重的,费力的), WEARING <a taxing operatic role>

tactile

['tæktail] a.有触觉的 1 : perceptible by touch : TANGIBLE(通过触摸可以感知的 =palpable) 2 : of, relating to, or being the sense of touch

tactic

['tæktik] n.(达到目的的)手段；战术 noun 1 : a device for accomplishing an end 2 : a method of employing forces in combat adjective : of or relating to arrangement or order adjective combining form 1 : of, relating to, or having (such) an arrangement or pattern <paratactic(并列的，罗列的)> 2 : showing orientation or movement directed by a (specified) force or agent <geotactic(趋地性的)>

tauten

['tɔ:tn] v.拉紧，绷紧 transitive verb : to make taut <tauten the rope> intransitive verb : to become taut

earthy

['ə:θi] a.粗俗的，粗陋的 If you describe someone as earthy, you mean that they are open and direct, and talk about subjects which other people avoid or feel ashamed about If you describe something as earthy, you mean it looks, smells, or feels like earth. b : characteristic of or associated with mortal life on the earth <prefers earthy to ethereal themes> 3 : suggestive of plain or poor people or their ways: as a : PRACTICAL, DOWN-TO-EARTH <earthy problems of daily life> b : CRUDE, GROSS <earthy humor> c : plain and simple in style : UNSOPHISTICATED <earthy peasant cookery> <earthy decor> <earthy clothes>

earthly

['ə:θli] a.现世的，尘世的 1 a : characteristic of or belonging to this earth b : relating to the human race's actual life on this earth 2 : POSSIBLE <there is no earthly reason for such behavior>

chivalrous

['ʃivəlrəs] a.骑士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的 A chivalrous man is polite, kind, and unselfish, especially towards women. 1 : VALIANT(勇敢的) 2 : of, relating to, or characteristic of chivalry(骑士精神) and knight-errantry(骑士作风) 3 a : marked by honor, generosity, and courtesy b : marked by gracious courtesy and high-minded consideration especially to women synonyms see CIVIL

thesis

['θi:sis] n.论题，论文 1 a (1) : the unstressed part of a poetic foot especially in accentual verse (2) : the longer part of a poetic foot especially in quantitative verse b : the accented part of a musical measure : DOWNBEAT(下拍:乐队指挥向下的手势) 2 a : a position or proposition that a person (as a candidate for scholastic honors) advances and offers to maintain by argument b : a proposition to be proved or one advanced without proof : HYPOTHESIS 3 : the first and least adequate stage of dialectic - compare SYNTHESIS 4 : a dissertation !embodying(体现；具体化) results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view especially : one written by a candidate for an academic degree

thicket

['θikit] n.树丛，灌木丛 1 : a dense growth of shrubbery or small trees : COPPICE(矮林 萌生林) 2 : something resembling a thicket in density or impenetrability : TANGLE <a political thicket> <a thicket of reporters>

threadbare

['θredbeə] a.磨破的，陈腐的 1 a : having the nap worn off so that the thread shows : SHABBY <threadbare clothes> b : wearing threadbare clothing : very poor <took in threadbare relatives - Russell Baker> c : barely adequate because of cheapness or shabbiness <a threadbare production> 2 : exhausted of interest or freshness

throwback

['θrəubæk] n.返祖现象，复旧 1 a : reversion to an earlier type or phase : ATAVISM(返祖现象,隔代遗传) b : an instance or product of atavistic reversion 2 : one that is suggestive of or suited to an earlier time or style <his manners were a throwback to a more polite era>

individual

[`indi'vidjuəl] a.单独的，特有的；n.个人，个体 adjective 2 a : of, relating to, or distinctively associated with an individual <an individual effort> b : being an individual or existing as an indivisible whole c : intended for one person <an individual serving> 3 : existing as a distinct entity : SEPARATE 4 : having marked individuality <an individual style> noun 1 a : a particular being or thing as distinguished from a class, species, or collection: as (1) : a single human being as contrasted with a social group or institution <a teacher who works with individuals> (2) : a single organism as distinguished from a group b : a particular person <are you the individual I spoke with on the telephone?> 2 : an indivisible entity

ingenuity

[`indʒi'nju:iti] n.巧思，聪敏 2 a : skill or cleverness in devising or combining : INVENTIVENESS b : cleverness or aptness of design or contrivance(发明

infelicity

[`infi'lisiti] n.不幸；不恰当 1 : the quality or state of being infelicitous 2 : something (as a word or phrase) that is infelicitous <minor infelicities>

intercept

[`intə'sept] v.中途拦截，截取 transitive verb 2 a : to stop, seize, or interrupt in progress or course or before arrival b : to receive (a communication or signal directed elsewhere) usually secretly 4 : to include (part of a curve, surface, or solid) between two points, curves, or surfaces <the part of a circumference intercepted between two radii> 5 a : to gain possession of (an opponent's pass) b : to intercept a pass thrown by (an opponent) 、 intercessor [`intə'sesə] n.仲裁者 1 : the act of interceding 2 : prayer, petition, or entreaty(恳求) in favor of another

intermittent

[`intə(:)'mitənt] a.断断续续的，间歇的 : coming and going at intervals : not continuous <intermittent rain> also : OCCASIONAL <intermittent trips abroad>

intermingle

[`intə(:)'miŋgl] v.混合，掺杂 : INTERMIX: transitive verb : to mix together intransitive verb : to become mixed together

intermission

[`intə(:)'miʃən] n.暂停，间歇 1 : the act of intermitting : the state of being intermitted 2 : an interval between the parts of an entertainment (as the acts of a play)

intercede

[`intə(:)'si:d] v.说好话，代为求情 : to intervene between parties with a view to reconciling differences : MEDIATE

stipulation

[`stipju'leiʃən] n.规定，约定 1 : an act of stipulating 2 : something stipulated especially : a condition, requirement, or item specified in a legal instrument

bestow

[bi'stəu] v.给予，赐赠 To bestow something on someone means to give or present it to them. (FORMAL) = confer 1 : to put to use : APPLY <bestowed his spare time on study> 2 : to put in a particular or appropriate place : STOW (收藏, 贮藏) 3 : to provide with quarters(住所) : PUT UP 4 : to convey as a gift - usually used with on or upon

betray

[bi'trei] v.背叛；暴露 If you betray someone who loves or trusts you, your actions hurt and disappoint them. If someone betrays their country or their friends, they give information to an enemy, putting their country's security or their friends' safety at risk. If you betray an ideal or your principles, you say or do something which goes against those beliefs. If you betray a feeling or quality, you show it without intending to. ≠ conceal

betroth

[bi'trəu0] v.许配，和...订婚 1 : to promise to marry 2 : to give in marriage

bewilder

[bi'wildə] v.迷惑，混乱 If something bewilders you, it is so confusing or difficult that you cannot understand it. = perplex 1 : to cause to lose one's bearings (不知所措) 2 : to perplex or confuse especially by a complexity, variety, or multitude of objects or considerations synonyms see PUZZLE

Byzantine

[bi'zæntain] a.像迷宫似的；难变更的 Byzantine means related to or connected with the Byzantine Empire. If you describe a system or process as byzantine, you are criticizing it because it seems complicated or secretive. 4 often not capitalized a : of, relating to, or characterized by a devious and usually surreptitious manner of operation <a Byzantine power struggle> b : intricately(错综复杂地) involved : LABYRINTHINE(迷宫式的，曲折的) <rules of Byzantine complexity>

blighted

[blaitid] a.枯萎的；衰老的

blade

[bleid] n.刀锋，刀口

bliss

[blis] n.狂喜；福佑，天赐的福 Bliss is a state of complete happiness. 2 : PARADISE, HEAVEN

blue

[blu:] a.忧伤的，沮丧的 If you have got the blues, you feel sad and depressed. (INFORMAL) If you are feeling blue, you are feeling sad or depressed, often when there is no particular reason. (INFORMAL) Blue films, stories, or jokes are about sex. If something happens out of the blue, it happens unexpectedly.

bland

[blænd] a.(人)情绪平稳的；(食物)无味的 If you describe someone or something as bland, you mean that they are rather dull and unexciting. Food that is bland has very little flavour. 1 a : smooth(光滑的；平稳的；顺利的) and soothing in manner or quality <a bland smile> b : exhibiting no personal concern or embarrassment : UNPERTURBED(不会烦燥不安的) <a bland confession of guilt> 2 a : not irritating, stimulating, or invigorating : SOOTHING b : DULL, INSIPID(平淡的) <bland stories with little plot or action> synonyms see SUAVE

? blast

[blɑ:st] >n.一阵(大风)；冲击波；v.爆破；枯萎 【例】A blast of wind blew the window agape 一阵风把窗子都吹开了。 【类】blast:whiff ＝ gush:trickle 强风对微风＝涌出对滴流"

blockade

[blɔ'keid] v./n.封锁 If a group of people blockade a place, they stop goods or people from reaching that place. If they blockade a road or a port, they stop people using that road or port. A blockade of a place is an action that is taken to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving it.

brace

[breis] v.使稳固，架稳；n.支撑物 If you brace yourself for something unpleasant or difficult, you prepare yourself for it. To brace something means to strengthen or support it with something else. A brace is a device attached to a part of a person's body, for example to a weak leg, in order to strengthen or support it.= support

brink

[briŋk] n.(峭壁的)边沿，边缘 If you are on the brink of something, usually something important, terrible, or exciting, you are just about to do it or experience it.

boom

[bu:m] n.繁荣昌盛时期, 帆的下桁；v.发出深沉有回响的声音 A boom in something is an increase in its amount, frequency, or success. If the economy or a business is booming, the amount of things being bought or sold is increasing. When something such as someone's voice, a cannon, or a big drum booms, it makes a loud, deep sound that lasts for several seconds.

boon

[bu:n] n.恩惠，天赐福利 You can describe something as a boon when it makes life better or easier for someone.

boost

[bu:st] v.往上推；增加，提高 If one thing boosts another, it causes it to increase, improve, or be more successful. If something boosts your confidence or morale, it improves it. = bolster

boor

[buə] n.举止粗野的人；乡下人 If you refer to someone as a boor, you think their behaviour and attitudes are rough, uneducated, and rude = oaf 1 : PEASANT 2 : a rude or insensitive person

bore

[bɔ:] v.钻孔；使厌烦；n.孔；令人厌烦的人 If someone or something bores you, you find them dull and uninteresting. If someone or something bores you to tears, bores you to death, or bores you stiff, they bore you very much indeed. (INFORMAL) You can describe a situation as a bore when you find it annoying. If you bore a hole in something, you make a deep round hole in it using a special tool.

bog

[bɔg] n.沼泽；v.使...陷入泥沼 If a plan or process bogs down or if something bogs it down, it is delayed and no progress is made.

bulge

[bʌldʒ] n./v.膨胀，鼓起 If someone's eyes or veins are bulging, they seem to stick out a lot, often because the person is making a strong physical effort or is experiencing a strong emotion.= protrude If you say that something is bulging with things, you are emphasizing that it is full of them. Bulges are lumps that stick out from a surface which is otherwise flat or smooth. If there is a bulge in something, there is a sudden large increase in it.

dyslexia

[dis'leksiə] n.阅读障碍 If someone suffers from dyslexia, they have difficulty with reading because of a slight disorder of their brain. (TECHNICAL)

elm

[elm] n.榆树

ebullience

[i'bʌljəns] n.兴冲冲，亢奋 : the quality of lively or enthusiastic expression of thoughts or feelings : EXUBERANCE

endorse

[in'dɔ:s] v.背书(在支票..背面签名)；赞同 If you endorse someone or something, you say publicly that you support or approve of them. I can endorse their opinion wholeheartedly. If someone's driving licence is endorsed, an official record is made on it that they have been found guilty of a driving offence. (BRIT) When you endorse a cheque, you write your name on the back of it so that it can be paid into someone's bank account. If you endorse a product or company, you appear in advertisements for it. The twins endorsed a line of household cleaning products.

indoctrinate

[in'dɔktrineit] v.教导；灌输思想 1 : to instruct especially in fundamentals or rudiments(基础知识) : TEACH 2 : to imbue(灌输；影响) with a usually partisan(党羽) or sectarian(宗派的) opinion, point of view, or principle

induction

[in'dʌkʃən] n.就职，入伍仪式；归纳 Induction is a procedure or ceremony for introducing someone to a new job, organization, or way of life. Induction is a method of reasoning in which you use individual ideas or facts to give you a general rule or conclusion. (FORMAL)

infinity

[in'finiti] n.无限的时间或空间 1 a : the quality of being infinite b : unlimited extent of time, space, or quantity : BOUNDLESSNESS 2 : an indefinitely great number or amount <an infinity of stars> 3 a : the limit of the value of a function or variable when it tends to become numerically larger than any preassigned finite number b : a part of a geometric magnitude that lies beyond any part whose distance from a given reference position is finite <do parallel lines ever meet if they extend to infinity> c : a transfinite number (as aleph-null) 4 : a distance so great that the rays of light from a point source at that distance may be regarded as parallel

inferior

[in'fiəriə] a.下级的，低等的，质次的，较差的 1 : situated lower down : LOWER 2 a : of low or lower degree or rank b : of poor quality : MEDIOCRE(平庸的，平凡的) 3 : of little or less importance, value, or merit <always felt inferior to his older brother> 4 a : situated below another and especially another similar superior part of an upright body b : situated in a relatively low posterior or ventral position in a quadrupedal body c (1) : situated below another plant part or organ (2) : ABAXIAL(远轴的) 5 : relating to or being a subscript(下标)

infuse

[in'fju:z] v.灌输；鼓励 1 a : to cause to be permeated with something (as a principle or quality) that alters usually for the better <infuse the team with confidence> b : INTRODUCE, INSINUATE(迂回地潜入) <a new spirit was infused into American art - American Guide Series: N.Y.> 2 : INSPIRE, ANIMATE <the sense of purpose that infuses scientific research> 3 : to steep(浸泡) in liquid (as water) without boiling so as to extract the soluble constituents or principles 4 : to administer or inject by infusion <stem cells were infuseed into the patient>

infuriate

[in'fjuərieit] v.使(人)极为愤怒 transitive verb : to make furious noun : furiously angry If something or someone infuriates you, they make you extremely angry.

inflame

[in'fleim] v.使燃烧；激怒(某人) transitive verb 1 a : to excite to excessive or uncontrollable action or feeling especially : to make angry b : to make more heated or violent : INTENSIFY <insults served only to inflame the feud(宿怨)> 2 : to set on fire : KINDLE(点燃；激起) 3 : to cause to redden or grow hot from anger or excitement <a face inflamed with passion> 4 : to cause inflammation in (bodily tissue) intransitive verb 1 : to burst into flame 2 : to become excited or angered 3 : to become affected with inflammation

inflamed

[in'fleimd] a.发炎的 If part of your body is inflamed, it is red or swollen, usually as a result of an infection, injury, or illness. (FORMAL)

inflate

[in'fleit] v.使充气，使膨胀 transitive verb 1 : to swell or distend with air or gas <inflate a tire(轮胎)> 2 : to puff up(肿胀，吹捧) : ELATE <inflate one's ego> 3 : to expand or increase abnormally or imprudently(鲁莽地) intransitive verb : to become inflated synonyms see EXPAND INFLATE implies expanding by introduction of air or something insubstantial and suggests a resulting vulnerability and liability to sudden collapse <an inflated ego>.

infraction

[in'frækʃən] n.违法 : the act of infringing(犯，违反) : VIOLATION

ingrate

[in'greit] n.忘恩负义的人 : an ungrateful person

ingratiating

[in'greiʃieitiŋ] a.讨好的，谄媚的 1 : capable of winning favor : PLEASING <an ingratiating smile> 2 : intended or adopted in order to gain favor : FLATTERING

ingredient

[in'gri:diənt] n.成分 : something that enters into a compound or is a component part of any combination or mixture : CONSTITUENT

engross

[in'grəus] v.全神贯注于 1 a : to copy or write in a large hand b : to prepare the usually final handwritten or printed text of (an official document) a : to purchase large quantities of (as for speculation) c : to take or engage the whole attention of : occupy completely <ideas that have engrossed the minds of scholars for generations>

engulf

[in'gʌlf] v.吞噬 If one thing engulfs another, it completely covers or hides it, often in a sudden and unexpected way. A seven-year-old boy was found dead after a landslide engulfed a block of flats... If a feeling or emotion engulfs you, you are strongly affected by it.

inhale

[in'heil] v.吸气 transitive verb 1 : to draw in by breathing 2 : to take in eagerly or greedily <inhaled about four meals at once - Ring Lardner> intransitive verb : to breathe in

inherit

[in'herit] v.继承 transitive verb 1 : to come into possession of or receive especially as a right or divine(赐予的) portion(命运，分担的责任) <and every one who has left houses or brothers or sisters for my name's sake, will receive a hundredfold, and inherit eternal life - Mount 19:29 (RSV)> 2 a : to receive from an ancestor as a right or title descendible by law at the ancestor's death b : to receive as a devise(遗赠) or legacy(遗产) 3 : to receive from a parent or ancestor by genetic transmission <inherit a defective enzyme> 4 : to have in turn or receive as if from an ancestor <inherited the problem from his predecessor> intransitive verb : to take or hold a possession or rights by inheritance

inhibit

[in'hibit] v.抑制 transitive verb 1 : to prohibit from doing something 2 a : to hold in check : RESTRAIN b : to discourage from free or spontaneous activity especially through the operation of inner psychological or external social constraints intransitive verb : to cause inhibition

encroach

[in'krəutʃ] v.侵占，蚕食 If one thing encroaches on another, the first thing spreads or becomes stronger, and slowly begins to restrict the power, range, or effectiveness of the second thing. (FORMAL) If something encroaches on a place, it spreads and takes over more and more of that place. (FORMAL) 1 : to enter by gradual steps or by stealth into the possessions or rights of another 2 : to advance beyond the usual or proper limits <the gradually encroaching sea> synonyms see TRESPASS

inquiry

[in'kwaiəri] n.询问 1 : examination into facts or principles : RESEARCH 2 : a request for information 3 : a systematic investigation often of a matter of public interest

inquisitive

[in'kwizitiv] a.过分好问的；好奇的 1 : given to examination or investigation 2 : inclined to ask questions especially : inordinately or improperly curious about the affairs of others synonyms see CURIOUS INQUISITIVE suggests impertinent(鲁莽的) and habitual curiosity and persistent quizzing <dreaded the visits of their inquisitive relatives>.

encapsulate

[in'kæpsjuleit] v.装入胶囊；压缩 To encapsulate particular facts or ideas means to represent all their most important aspects in a very small space or in a single object or event. His ideas were encapsulated in a book called `Democratic Ideals and Reality'. transitive verb 1 : to enclose in or as if in a capsule <a pilot encapsulated in the cockpit> 2 : EPITOMIZE, SUMMARIZE <encapsulate an era in an aphorism> intransitive verb : to become encapsulated

encumber

[in'kʌmbə] v.妨害，阻碍 If you are encumbered by something, it prevents you from moving freely or doing what you want.= burden It is still labouring under the debt burden that it was encumbered with in the 1980s. 1 : WEIGH DOWN, BURDEN <tourists encumbered by heavy luggage> 2 : to impede or hamper the function or activity of : HINDER <negotiations encumbered by a lack of trust> 3 : to burden with a legal claim (as a mortgage(抵押)) <encumber an estate>

enlightening

[in'laitniŋ] a.有启迪作用的；使人领悟的

entirety

[in'taiəti] n.整体，全面 1 : the state of being entire or complete 2 : SUM TOTAL, WHOLE

irreconcilable

[irekən'sailəbl] a.不能协调的，矛盾的 : impossible to reconcile <irreconcilable differences> noun : one that is irreconcilable especially : a member of a group (as a political party) opposing compromise or collaboration

chimera

[kai'miərə] n.神话怪物；梦幻 A chimera is an unrealistic idea that you have about something or a hope that you have that is unlikely to be fulfilled. (FORMAL) Religious unity remained as much a chimera as ever. In Greek mythology, a chimera is a creature with the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a snake.

kinetic

[kai'netik] a.运动的 1 : of or relating to the motion of material bodies and the forces and energy associated therewith(与此) 2 a : ACTIVE, LIVELY b : DYNAMIC, ENERGIZING <a kinetic performer> 3 : of or relating to kinetic art

clip

[klip] n.夹子，别针；v.修剪 A clip from a film or a radio or television programme is a short piece of it that is broadcast separately. If you clip something, you cut small pieces from it, especially in order to shape it. If you clip something out of a newspaper or magazine, you cut it out. If something clips something else, it hits it accidentally at an angle before moving off in a different direction. The lorry clipped the rear of a tanker and then crashed into a second truck. 2 a : CURTAIL(截短), DIMINISH(减少) b : to abbreviate in speech or writing 5 : to take money from unfairly or dishonestly especially by overcharging <the nightclub clipped the tourist for $200>

cling

[kliŋ] v.紧抓住；舍不得放弃 If you cling to someone or something, you hold onto them tightly. If someone clings to a position or a possession they have, they do everything they can to keep it even though this may be very difficult.

clam

[klæm] n.蛤蜊，蛤肉；守秘密之人 If someone clams up, they stop talking, often because they are shy or to avoid giving away secrets. (INFORMAL)

clamp

[klæmp] n.钳子；v.钳紧 When you clamp one thing to another, you fasten the two things together with a clamp.\ To clamp something in a particular place means to put it or hold it there firmly and tightly. To clamp down on people or activities means to take strong official action to stop or control them. (JOURNALISM) = crack down 2 a : to place by decree(法令) : IMPOSE often used with on <clamped on a curfew(宵禁) after the riots(暴乱)>

clandestine

[klæn'destin] a.秘密的，暗中从事的 Something that is clandestine is hidden or kept secret, often because it is illegal. (FORMAL) = secret : marked by, held in, or conducted with secrecy : SURREPTITIOUS <a clandestine love affair>

conglomerate

[kɔn'glɔmərit] v.集聚成团 A conglomerate is a large business firm consisting of several different companies. (BUSINESS) intransitive verb : to gather into a mass or coherent whole <numbers of dull people conglomerated round her> transitive verb : ACCUMULATE adj. : made up of parts from various sources or of various kinds 1 : a composite mass or mixture especially : rock composed of rounded fragments varying from small pebbles to large boulders in a cement (as of hardened clay) 2 : a widely diversified corporation(法人)

concatenate

[kɔn'kætineit] v.连结；连锁 : to link together in a series or chain

commence

[kə'mens] v.开始，倡导 When something commences or you commence it, it begins. (FORMAL)= begin vt.: to enter upon : BEGIN <commence proceedings> vi. 1 : to have or make a beginning : START <the meeting will commence soon> 2 chiefly British : to take a degree at a university

commencement

[kə'mensmənt] n.开始；(大学的)毕业典礼 The commencement of something is its beginning. (FORMAL) All applicants should be at least 16 years of age at the commencement of this course. Commencement is a ceremony at a university, college, or high school at which students formally receive their degrees or diplomas.

committed

[kə'mitid] a.(对事业，本职工作等)尽忠的＝devoted

communicate

[kə'mju:nikeit] v.传送信息，沟通

commute

[kə'mju:t] v.交换；坐公交车上下班 If you commute, you travel a long distance everyday between your home and your place of work. A commute is the journey that you make when you commute. (mainly AM) If a death sentence or prison sentence is commuted to a less serious punishment, it is changed to that punishment.

commodity

[kə'mɔditi] n.商品 A commodity is something that is sold for money. (BUSINESS) The government increased prices on several basic commodities like bread and meat. 1 : an economic good: as a : a product of agriculture or mining b : an article of commerce especially when delivered for shipment <commodities futures> c : a mass-produced unspecialized product <commodity chemicals> <commodity memory chips> 2 a : something useful or valued <that valuable commodity patience> also : THING, ENTITY b : CONVENIENCE, ADVANTAGE 4 : a good or service whose wide availability typically leads to smaller profit margins and diminishes the importance of factors (as brand name) other than price 5 : one that is subject to ready exchange or exploitation within a market <stars as individuals and as commodities of the film industry>

complacency

[kəm'pleisənsi] n.满足，安心 Complacency is being complacent about a situation.

composed

[kəm'pəuzd] a.镇定的，沉着的 If someone is composed, they are calm and able to control their feelings.

conjecture

[kən'dʒektʃə] v./n.推测，臆测 A conjecture is a conclusion that is based on information that is not certain or complete. (FORMAL) When you conjecture, you form an opinion or reach a conclusion on the basis of information that is not certain or complete. (FORMAL) = surmise

congest

[kən'dʒest] v.使拥挤；充血 transitive verb 1 : to concentrate in a small or narrow space 2 : to cause an excessive accumulation especially of blood or mucus in (as an organ or part) 3 : CLOG <traffic congested the highways> intransitive verb : to become congested

congeal

[kən'dʒi:l] v.冻结，凝固 When a liquid congeals, it becomes very thick and sticky and almost solid. The blood had started to congeal.

congenial

[kən'dʒi:njəl] a.意气相投的；性情好的 A congenial person, place, or environment is pleasant. (FORMAL)= agreeable He is back in more congenial company. 1 : having the same nature, disposition, or tastes : KINDRED <congenial companions> 2 a : existing or associated together harmoniously b : PLEASANT especially : agreeably suited to one's nature, tastes, or outlook <a congenial atmosphere> c : SOCIABLE, GENIAL <a congenial host>

conjoin

[kən'dʒɔin] v.使结合 If two or more things conjoin or if you conjoin them, they are united and joined together. (FORMAL)

conjunction

[kən'dʒʌŋkʃən] n.联合；连词 A conjunction of two or more things is the occurrence of them at the same time or place. (FORMAL) = CONCURRENCE ...a conjunction of religious and social factors. If one thing is done or used in conjunction with another, the two things are done or used together. (FORMAL) = combination The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemy's coast...

confide

[kən'faid] v.信赖，倾诉 If you confide in someone, you tell them a secret. vi. 1 : to have confidence : TRUST 2 : to show confidence by imparting secrets <confide in a friend> vt. 1 : to tell confidentially 2 : to give to the care or protection of another : ENTRUST

confound

[kən'faund] v.使迷惑，搞混 If someone or something confounds you, they make you feel surprised or confused, often by showing you that your opinions or expectations of them were wrong.

confederacy

[kən'fedərəsi] n.联盟或同盟 A confederacy is a union of states or people who are trying to achieve the same thing.

confection

[kən'fekʃən] n.甜食，糖果 You can refer to a sweet food that someone has made as a confection. (WRITTEN)

conspiracy

[kən'spirəsi] n.共谋，阴谋 Conspiracy is the secret planning by a group of people to do something illegal. A conspiracy is an agreement between a group of people which other people think is wrong or is likely to be harmful.

consolidation

[kən`sɔli'deiʃən] n.合并，巩固 1 : the act or process of consolidating : the state of being consolidated 2 : the process of uniting : the quality or state of being united specifically : the unification of two or more corporations by dissolution of existing ones and creation of a single new corporation

coeval

[kəu'i:vəl] a.同年代的 : of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration synonyms see CONTEMPORARY

leisureliness

[le'ʒəlinis] n.悠然，从容 leisurely [le'ʒəli] a.悠然的，从容的 : without haste : DELIBERATELY : characterized by leisure : UNHURRIED <a leisurely pace>

list

[list] v./n.倾斜 intransitive verb : to tilt to one side especially of a boat or ship : to tilt to one side in a state of equilibrium (as from an unbalanced load) transitive verb : to cause to list noun: a deviation from the vertical : TILT also : the extent of such a deviation

lark

[lɑ:k] n./v.玩乐，嬉耍 noun : a source of or quest for amusement or adventure <thought life was a lark> <entered the race on a lark> intransitive verb : to engage in harmless fun or mischief(恶作剧) - often used with about A lark is a small brown bird which makes a pleasant sound.

?lot

[lɔt] n.签；命运；v.抽签，划分

lurch

[lə:tʃ] n.突然向前或旁边倒；v.蹒跚而行 noun 1 : a sudden roll of a ship to one side 2 : an abrupt jerking(颠簸), swaying(摇摆), or tipping(翻倒) movement <the car moved forward with a lurch> also : STAGGER 2 : a reeling(蹒跚) or unsteady gait(步法) or stance(姿态) intransitive verb 1 : to roll or tip abruptly : PITCH 2 : to move with a lurch <suddenly lurched forward> also : STAGGER <has lurched from crisis to crisis - Jere Longman>

loquacious

[ləu'kweiʃəs] a.多嘴的，饶舌的 1 : full of excessive talk : WORDY 2 : given to fluent or excessive talk : GARRULOUS(唠叨的) synonyms see TALKATIVE LOQUACIOUS suggests the power of expressing oneself articulately, fluently, or glibly <a loquacious spokesperson>.

maize

[meiz] n.玉米 : INDIAN CORN

knave

[neiv] n.流氓，恶棍 2 : a tricky deceitful fellow 3 : JACK 6A: a playing card carrying the figure of a soldier or servant and ranking usually below the queen

knead

[ni:d] v.揉制，捏制 1 a : to work and press into a mass with or as if with the hands <kneading dough(生面团)> b : to manipulate or massage with a kneading motion <kneaded sore neck muscles> 2 : to form or shape by or as if by kneading

knit

[nit] v.编织 transitive verb 2 a : to link firmly or closely <knitted my hands> b : to cause to grow together <time and rest will knit a fractured bone> c : to contract into wrinkles <knitted her brow> 3 : to form by interlacing yarn or thread in a series of connected loops with needles intransitive verb 1 : to make knitted fabrics or objects 2 a : to become compact b : to grow together c : to become drawn together

knack

[næk] n.特殊能力；窍门 1 a : a clever trick or stratagem b : a clever way of doing something 2 : a special ready capacity that is hard to analyze or teach synonyms see GIFT KNACK implies a comparatively minor but special ability making for ease and dexterity in performance <the knack of getting along>.

cite

[sait] v.引用，引述 If you cite something, you quote it or mention it, especially as an example or proof of what you are saying. (FORMAL) To cite a person means to officially name them in a legal case. To cite a reason or cause means to state it as the official reason for your case. If someone is cited, they are officially ordered to appear before a court. The judge ruled a mistrial and cited the prosecutors for outrageous misconduct.

synopsis

[si'nɔpsis] n.摘要，概要 1 : a condensed statement or outline (as of a narrative or treatise) : ABSTRACT 2 : the abbreviated conjugation of a verb in one person only

?synoptic

[si'nɔptik] a.摘要的 1 : affording a general view of a whole 2 : manifesting or characterized by comprehensiveness or breadth of view 3 : presenting or taking the same or common view specifically 4 : relating to or displaying conditions (as of the atmosphere or weather) as they exist simultaneously over a broad area

civility

[si'viliti] n.彬彬有礼，斯文 2 a : civilized conduct especially : COURTESY, POLITENESS b : a polite act or expression

civilian

[si'viljən] n.平民 In a military situation, civilian is used to describe people or things that are not military. The safety of civilians caught up in the fighting must be guaranteed.

supremacy

[sju'preməsi] n.至高无上，霸权 : the quality or state of being supreme also : supreme authority or power

supine

[sju:'pain] a.仰卧的；懒散的 1 a : lying on the back or with the face upward b : marked by supination(反掌，反掌的姿势) 2 : exhibiting indolent or apathetic inertia or passivity especially : mentally or morally slack(松弛的,缓慢的) synonyms see PRONE, INACTIVE Compared to PRONE PRONE(向前顷的) implies a position with the front of the body turned toward the supporting surface <push-ups(俯卧撑) require a prone position>. SUPINE implies lying on one's back and suggests inertness or abjectness(悲惨,卑鄙) <lying supine on the couch>.

supreme

[sju:'pri:m] a.至高的；极度的 1 : highest in rank or authority <the supreme commander> 2 : highest in degree or quality <supreme endurance in war and in labour - R. W. Emerson> 3 : ULTIMATE, FINAL <the supreme sacrifice>

superb

[sju:'pə:b] a.上乘的，出色的 : marked to the highest degree by grandeur, excellence, brilliance, or competence

stray

[strei] v.偏离，迷路；a.迷了路的；零落的 intransitive verb : WANDER: as a : to wander from company, restraint, or proper limits b : to roam about without fixed direction or purpose c : to move in a winding course : MEANDER(蜿蜒而流；闲逛) d : to move without conscious or intentional effort <eyes straying absently around the room> e : to become distracted from an argument or chain of thought <strayed from the point> f : to wander accidentally from a fixed or chosen route g : ERR(犯错误；犯罪), SIN noun 1 a : a domestic animal that is wandering at large or is lost b : a person or thing that strays adjective 1 : having strayed or escaped from a proper or intended place <a stray dog> <hit by a stray bullet> <fixed a few stray hairs> 2 : occurring at random or sporadically(偶发地，零星地) <a few stray thoughts> 3 : not serving any useful purpose : UNWANTED <stray light>

strait

[streit] n.海峡；a.狭窄的 adjective 2 archaic a : NARROW b : limited in space or time c : closely fitting : CONSTRICTED, TIGHT 3 a : causing distress : DIFFICULT b : limited as to means or resources noun 1 b : a comparatively narrow passageway connecting two large bodies of water - often used in plural but singular in construction c : !ISTHMUS(地峡) 2 : a situation of perplexity or distress - often used in plural <in dire(可怕的 紧急的 急需的) straits>

strand

[strænd] n.绳线的一股；v.搁浅 noun : the land bordering a body of water : SHORE, BEACH transitive verb 1 : to run, drive, or cause to drift onto a strand : run aground 2 : to leave in a strange or an unfavorable place especially without funds or means to depart intransitive verb : to become stranded noun 1 a : fibers or filaments twisted, plaited(发辫；编成辫), or laid parallel to form a unit for further twisting or plaiting into yarn, thread, rope, or cordage b : one of the wires twisted together or laid parallel to form a wire rope or cable c : something (as a molecular chain) resembling a strand <a strand of DNA> 2 : an element (as a yarn(纱线) or thread) of a woven(纺织) or plaited material 3 : an elongated or twisted and plaited body resembling a rope <a strand of pearls> 4 : one of the elements interwoven in a complex whole <one strand of the novel's plot> transitive verb 1 : to break a strand of (a rope) accidentally 2 a : to form (as a rope) from strands b : to play out, twist, or arrange in a strand

?stroke

[strəuk] v.抚摸n.击，打,一笔 1 : to rub gently in one direction also : CARESS 2 : to flatter or pay attention to in a manner designed to reassure or persuade

stroll

[strəul] v.漫步，闲逛 intransitive verb 1 : to go from place to place in search of work or profit <strolling players> <strolling musicians> 2 : to walk in a leisurely or idle manner : RAMBLE transitive verb : to walk at leisure along or about

?stir

[stə:] v.刺激

sway

[swei] v.摇动，摇摆；影响使改变；n.摇动 intransitive verb 1 a : to swing slowly and rhythmically back and forth from a base or pivot(枢) b : to move gently from an upright to a leaning position 2 : to hold sway(统治，支配，行使权力) : act as ruler or governor 3 : to fluctuate or veer(转向) between one point, position, or opinion and another transitive verb 1 a : to cause to sway : set to swinging, rocking, or oscillating b : to cause to bend downward to one side c : to cause to turn aside : DEFLECT(偏离；使转向), DIVERT(转移...的注意力；娱乐) 3 a : to cause to vacillate(犹豫不决；踌躇，摇摆) b : to exert a guiding or controlling influence on = affect 4 : to !hoist(吊高，升起) in place <sway up a mast(船桅，旗杆，天线杆)> synonyms see SWING, AFFECT Compared to Swing SWAY implies a slow swinging or teetering(摇摆，上下往复) movement <trees swaying in the breeze>. Compared to Affect SWAY implies the acting of influences that are not resisted or are irresistible, with resulting change in character or course of action <politicians who are swayed by popular opinion>.

?swift

[swift] a.迅速的；敏捷的 adjective 1 : moving or capable of moving with great speed <a swift runner> 2 : occurring suddenly or within a very short time <a swift transition> 3 : quick to respond : READY synonyms see FAST

swamp

[swɔmp] n.沼泽；v.使陷入；淹没 noun 1 : a wetland often partially or intermittently covered with water especially : one dominated by woody vegetation 2 : a tract of swamp 3 : a difficult or troublesome situation or subject transitive verb 1 a : to fill with or as if with water : !INUNDATE(淹没), SUBMERGE(使浸没，潜入水中，覆盖) b : to overwhelm numerically or by an excess of something : FLOOD <swamped with work> 2 : to open by removing underbrush(矮树丛) and debris intransitive verb : to become submerged

swirl

[swə:l] v.旋转；n.漩 intransitive verb 1 a : to move with an eddying(漩涡) or whirling motion <swirling water> b : to pass in whirling confusion 2 : to have a twist or convolution transitive verb : to cause to swirl <swirled her drink> noun 1 a : a whirling(涡流，回转) mass or motion : !EDDY b : whirling confusion <a swirl of events> 2 : a twisting shape, mark, or pattern 3 : an act or instance of swirling

swerve

[swə:v] v.突然改变方向 intransitive verb : to turn aside abruptly from a straight line or course : DEVIATE transitive verb : to cause to turn aside or deviate synonyms SWERVE, VEER, DEVIATE, DEPART, DIGRESS, DIVERGE mean to turn aside from a straight course. SWERVE may suggest a physical, mental, or moral turning away from a given course, often with abruptness <swerved to avoid hitting the dog>. VEER implies a major change in direction <at that point the path veers to the right>. DEVIATE implies a turning from a customary or prescribed course <never deviated from her daily routine>. DEPART suggests a deviation from a traditional or conventional course or type <occasionally departs from his own guidelines>. DIGRESS applies to a departing from the subject of one's discourse <a professor prone to digress>. (偏题) DIVERGE may equal DEPART but usually suggests a branching of a main path into two or more leading in different directions <after school their paths diverged>.

suggestive

[sə'dʒestiv] a.暗示的 1 a : giving a suggestion : INDICATIVE <suggestive of a past era> b : full of suggestions : stimulating thought <provided a suggestive commentary on the era - Lloyd Morris> c : stirring mental associations : EVOCATIVE(唤出的，唤起的) 2 : suggesting or tending to suggest something improper or indecent(下流的，不妥当的) : risqué

surrender

[sə'rendə] v.投降；放弃；归还 transitive verb 1 a : to yield to the power, control, or possession of another upon compulsion or demand <surrendered the fort> b : to give up completely or agree to forgo(放弃，抛弃) especially in favor of another 2 a : to give (oneself) up into the power of another especially as a prisoner b : to give (oneself) over to something (as an influence) intransitive verb : to give oneself up into the power of another : YIELD synonyms see RELINQUISH RELINQUISH usually does not imply strong feeling but may suggest some regret, reluctance, or weakness <relinquished her crown>. YIELD implies concession or compliance or submission to force <the troops yielded ground grudgingly(吝惜地)>. RESIGN emphasizes voluntary relinquishment or sacrifice without struggle <resigned her position>. SURRENDER implies a giving up after a struggle to retain or resist <surrendered their claims>.

submit

[səb'mit] v.屈服；提交，呈递 transitive verb 1 a : to yield to governance or authority b : to subject to a condition, treatment, or operation <the metal was submitted to analysis> 2 : to present or propose to another for review, consideration, or decision <submit a question to the court> <submit a bid on a contract> <submit a report> also : to deliver formally <submitted my resignation> 3 : to put forward as an opinion or contention <we submit that the charge is not proved> intransitive verb 1 a : to yield oneself to the authority or will of another : SURRENDER b : to permit oneself to be subjected to something <had to submit to surgery> 2 : to defer to(听从，遵从) or consent to abide by the opinion or authority of another synonyms see YIELD SUBMIT suggests full surrendering after resistance or conflict to the will or control of another <a !repentant(感到悔恨的) sinner vowing to submit to the will of God>.

submission

[səb'miʃən] n.恭顺 1 a : a legal agreement to submit to the decision of arbitrators b : an act of submitting something (as for consideration or inspection) also : something submitted (as a manuscript) 2 : the condition of being submissive, humble, or compliant 3 : an act of submitting to the authority or control of another

subpoena

[səb'pi:nə] n.(法律)传票；v.传讯 noun : a writ(由法院发布的书面命令) commanding a person designated in it to appear in court under a penalty for failure transitive verb : to serve or summon with a writ of subpoena

suspense

[səs'pens] n.悬念；挂念 1 : the state of being suspended : SUSPENSION 2 a : mental uncertainty : ANXIETY b : pleasant excitement as to a decision or outcome <a novel of suspense> (悬念) 3 : the state or character of being undecided or doubtful : INDECISIVENESS

thematic

[θi:'mætik] a.主题的 1 : of, relating to, or constituting a theme 2 a : of or relating to the stem of a word b of a vowel : being the last part of a word stem before an inflectional ending

threat

[θret] n.威胁，恐吓；凶兆 noun 1 : an expression of intention to inflict evil, injury, or damage 2 : one that threatens 3 : an indication of something impending(即将发生的；逼近的) <the sky held a threat of rain>

thwart

[θwɔ:t] v.阻挠，使...受挫 transitive verb 1 a : to run counter to so as to effectively oppose or !baffle(使困惑，使为难) : CONTRAVENE(违反，反驳，反对) b : to oppose successfully : defeat the hopes or aspirations of 2 : to pass through or across

thatch

[θætʃ] v.以茅草覆盖；n.茅草屋顶，茅草 1 a : a plant material (as straw) used as a sheltering cover especially of a house b : a sheltering cover (as a house roof) made of such material c : a mat(垫子，席子) of undecomposed plant material (as grass clippings) accumulated next to the soil in a grassy area (as a lawn) 2 : something likened to the thatch of a house especially : the hair of one's head

synonyms see BEGIN

synonyms BEGIN, COMMENCE, START, INITIATE, INAUGURATE, USHER IN mean to take the first step in a course, process, or operation. BEGIN, START, and COMMENCE are often interchangeable. BEGIN opposed to end, is the most general <begin a trip> <began dancing>. START opposed to stop, applies especially to first actions, steps, or stages <the work started slowly>. COMMENCE can be more formal or bookish than BEGIN or START <commence firing> <commenced a conversation>. INITIATE implies taking a first step in a process or series that is to continue <initiated diplomatic contacts>. INAUGURATE suggests a beginning of some formality or notion of significance <the discovery of penicillin inaugurated a new era in medicine>. USHER IN is somewhat less weighty than INAUGURATE <ushered in a period of economic decline>.

synonym see in addition BEHAVE

synonyms BEHAVE, CONDUCT, DEPORT, COMPORT, ACQUIT mean to act or to cause oneself to do something in a certain way. BEHAVE may apply to the meeting of a standard of what is proper or decorous <the children behaved in church>. CONDUCT implies action or behavior that shows the extent of one's power to control or direct oneself <conducted herself with unfailing good humor>. DEPORT implies behaving so as to show how far one conforms to conventional rules of discipline or propriety <the hero deported himself in accord with the code of chivalry>. COMPORT suggests conduct measured by what is expected or required of one in a certain class or position <comported themselves as gentlemen>. ACQUIT applies to action under stress that deserves praise or meets expectations <acquitted herself well in her first assignment>.

synonyms see EFFECTIVE

synonyms EFFECTIVE, EFFECTUAL, EFFICIENT, EFFICACIOUS mean producing or capable of producing a result. EFFECTIVE stresses the actual production of or the power to produce an effect <an effective rebuttal>. EFFECTUAL suggests the accomplishment of a desired result especially as viewed after the fact <the measures to stop the pilfering proved effectual>. EFFICIENT suggests an acting or a potential for action or use in such a way as to avoid loss or waste of energy in effecting, producing, or functioning <an efficient small car>. EFFICACIOUS suggests possession of a special quality or virtue that gives effective power <a detergent that is efficacious in removing grease>.

brazen

['breizn] a.厚脸皮的 If you describe a person or their behaviour as brazen, you mean that they are very bold(大胆的，无礼的) and do not care what other people think about them or their behaviour.＝ impudent 2 a : sounding harsh and loud like struck brass 3 : marked by contemptuous(轻蔑的) boldness <a brazen disregard for the rules>

bristle

['brisl] n.短而硬的毛发；v.(毛)竖起；发怒 vt. 1 : to furnish with bristles 2 : to make bristly : RUFFLE (弄皱) vi. 1 a : to rise and stand stiffly erect <quills bristling> b : to raise the bristles (as in anger) 2 : to take on an aggressively defensive attitude (as in response to a slight or criticism) <he bristled at the accusations of corruption> 3 a : to be full of or covered with especially something suggestive of bristles <roofs bristled with chimneys> b : to be full of something specified <book bristles with detail and irony>

brittle

['britl] a.易碎的，脆弱的 If you describe a situation, relationship, or someone's mood as brittle, you mean that it is unstable, and may easily change.

brutal

['bru:tl] a.残忍的；严酷的 A brutal act or person is cruel and violent. If someone expresses something unpleasant with brutal honesty or frankness, they express it in a clear and accurate way, without attempting to disguise its unpleasantness. Brutal is used to describe things that have an unpleasant effect on people, especially when there is no attempt by anyone to reduce their effect. 2 : befitting a brute: as a : grossly ruthless or unfeeling <a brutal slander> b : CRUEL, COLD-BLOODED <a brutal attack> c : HARSH, SEVERE <brutal weather> d : unpleasantly accurate and incisive <the brutal truth> e : very bad or unpleasant <a brutal mistake>

braggart

['brægət] n.吹牛者

bracket

['brækit] n. 支架，括号，档次 vt. 支撑，放在括号内，归入一类，包含，支持

brandish

['brændiʃ] v.(威胁性地)挥舞 If you brandish something, especially a weapon, you hold it in a threatening way.

broker

['brəukə] n.&v.经纪人 If a country or government brokers an agreement, a ceasefire, or a round of talks, they try to negotiate or arrange it. = negotiate

bromide

['brəumaid] n.平庸的人或话 A bromide is a comment which is intended to calm someone down when they are angry, but which has been expressed so often that it has become boring and meaningless. (FORMAL) = platitude

bouquet

['bu(:)kei] n.花束；芳香 A bouquet is a bunch of flowers which is attractively arranged. The bouquet of something, especially wine, is the pleasant smell that it has. = fragrance

bootless

['bu:tlis] a.无益处的；无用的 : USELESS, UNPROFITABLE <a bootless attempt>

bully

['buli] v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者 A bully is someone who uses their strength or power to hurt or frighten other people. If someone bullies you into something, they make you do it by using force or threats.

bondage

['bɔndidʒ] n.奴役，束缚 Bondage is the condition of being someone's property and having to work for them. = slavery Bondage is the condition of not being free because you are strongly influenced by something or someone. (FORMAL) All people, she said, lived their lives in bondage to hunger, pain and lust. Bondage is the practice of being tied up or tying your partner up in order to gain sexual pleasure.

burgeon

['bə:dʒ(ə)n] v.迅速成长，发展 If something burgeons, it grows or develops rapidly. (LITERARY)

burnish

['bə:niʃ] v.擦亮，磨光 To burnish the image of someone or something means to improve their image. (WRITTEN)= improve

bogus

['bəugəs] a.假装的，假的 If you describe something as bogus, you mean that it is not genuine.= phoney

boulder

['bəuldə] n.巨砾 A boulder is a large rounded rock.

bolster

['bəulstə] n.枕垫；v.支持，鼓励 If you bolster something such as someone's confidence or courage, you increase it. If someone tries to bolster their position in a situation, they try to strengthen it. Bolster up means the same as bolster(支撑, 援助, 加固). ...an aid programme to bolster up their troubled economy. A bolster is a firm pillow shaped like a long tube which is sometimes put across a bed under the ordinary pillows

budget

['bʌdʒit] n.预算 If you budget certain amounts of money for particular things, you decide that you can afford to spend those amounts on those things. Budget is used in advertising to suggest that something is being sold cheaply. Cheap flights are available from budget travel agents from £240. = economy

bumptious

['bʌmpʃəs] a.傲慢的，自夸的 If you say that someone is bumptious, you are criticizing them because they are very pleased with themselves and their opinions.

buttress

['bʌtris] n.拱墙，拱壁；v.支持 Buttresses are supports, usually made of stone or brick, that support a wall. to furnish or shore up with a buttress also : SUPPORT, STRENGTHEN <arguments buttressed by solid facts>

bungle

['bʌŋgl] v.粗制滥造 If you bungle something, you fail to do it properly, because you make mistakes or are clumsy..= botch Two prisoners bungled an escape bid after running either side of a lamp-post while handcuffed

dual

['dju(:)əl] a.双重的 Dual means having two parts, functions, or aspects. ...his dual role as head of the party and head of state...

duel

['dju(:)əl] n.决斗 A duel is a formal fight between two people in which they use guns or swords in order to settle a quarrel. To duel means to fight a duel or be involved in a conflict.

dubious

['dju:bjəs] a.可疑的；名声不大好的 If you describe something as dubious, you mean that you do not consider it to be completely honest, safe, or reliable. If you are dubious about something, you are not completely sure about it and have not yet made up your mind about it.= doubtful My parents were dubious about it at first but we soon convinced them. 1 : giving rise to uncertainty: as a : of doubtful promise or outcome <a dubious plan> b : questionable or suspect as to true nature or quality <the practice is of dubious legality> 2 : unsettled in opinion : DOUBTFUL <I was dubious about the plan> synonyms see DOUBTFUL

dutiful

['dju:tiful] a.恭敬顺从的，尽职的 1 : filled with or motivated by a sense of duty <a dutiful child> 2 : proceeding from or expressive of a sense of duty <a dutiful effort> If you say that someone is dutiful, you mean that they do everything that they are expected to do.

drivel

['drivl] n./v.说废话 If you describe something that is written or said as drivel, you are critical of it because you think it is very silly. = nonsense 1 : to let saliva dribble from the mouth : SLAVER 2 : to talk stupidly and carelessly

drizzle

['drizl] v.下毛毛雨；n.毛毛雨 Drizzle is light rain falling in fine drops. If it is drizzling, it is raining very lightly. 2 : to make wet with minute drops : SPRINKLE <vegetables drizzled with olive oil>

drizzly

['drizli] a.毛毛细雨的 When the weather is drizzly, the sky is dull and grey and it rains steadily but not very hard.

dreary

['driəri] a.沉闷的，乏味的 If you describe something as dreary, you mean that it is dull and depressing.= dismal ...a dreary little town in the Midwest...

drastic

['dræstik] a.猛烈的，激烈的 If you have to take drastic action in order to solve a problem, you have to do something extreme and basic to solve it.= radical A drastic change is a very great change. 1 : acting rapidly or violently <a drastic purgative> 2 : extreme in effect or action : SEVERE <drastic measures>

drawbridge

['drɔ:`bridʒ] n.吊挢 A drawbridge is a bridge that can be pulled up, for example to prevent people from getting into a castle or to allow ships to pass underneath it.

drudgery

['drʌdʒəri] n.苦工，苦活 : dull, irksome(烦人的), and fatiguing work : uninspiring or menial labor

dwelling

['dweliŋ] n.住处 A dwelling or a dwelling place is a place where someone lives. (FORMAL)= home Some 3,500 new dwellings are planned for the area...

dwindle

['dwindl] v.变小 If something dwindles, it becomes smaller, weaker, or less in number. The factory's workforce has dwindled from over 4,000 to a few hundred... = shrink

jaundice

['dɔ:ndis] n.偏见；黄疸 1 : yellowish pigmentation of the skin, tissues, and body fluids caused by the deposition of bile pigments 2 : a disease or abnormal condition characterized by jaundice 3 : a state or attitude characterized by satiety(饱足), distaste(厌恶), or hostility

duckling

['dʌkliŋ] n.雏鸭，小鸭 A duckling is a young duck.

jealousy

['dʒeləsi] n.猜忌，嫉妒 1 : a jealous disposition, attitude, or feeling 2 : zealous vigilance

jeopardize

['dʒepədaiz] v.危及，危害 : to expose to danger or risk : IMPERIL

jeopardy

['dʒepədi] n.危险 1 : exposure to or imminence(迫近) of death, loss, or injury : DANGER 2 : the danger that an accused person is subjected to when on trial for a criminal offense

jettison

['dʒetisn] v.(船)向外抛弃东西；n.抛弃的货物 1 : to make jettison of 2 : to get rid of as superfluous(多余的；累赘的) or encumbering : omit or forgo(抛弃) as part of a plan or as the result of some other decision <must be prepared to jettison many romantic notions - Christopher Catling> 3 : to drop from an aircraft or spacecraft in flight noun : a voluntary sacrifice of cargo to lighten a ship's load in time of distress

jingoism

['dʒiŋgəuiz(ə)m] n.沙文主义；侵略主义 : extreme chauvinism(盲目爱国主义) or nationalism marked especially by a belligerent(好战的) foreign policy

juvenile

['dʒu:vinail] a.少年的，似少年的 1 a : physiologically immature or undeveloped : YOUNG b : derived from sources within the earth and coming to the surface for the first time - used especially of water and gas 2 : of, relating to, characteristic of, or suitable for children or young people <juvenile books> 3 : reflecting psychological or intellectual immaturity : CHILDISH

jockey

['dʒɔki] n.骑师；v.用计谋获取 noun 1 : a person who rides or drives a horse especially as a professional in a race 2 : a person who operates or works with a specified vehicle, device, object, or material <a bus jockey> <pencil jockeys> transitive verb 1 : to deal shrewdly(精明的) or fraudulently(欺骗的) with 2 a : to ride or drive (a horse) as a jockey b : DRIVE, OPERATE 3 a : to maneuver(调遣) or manipulate by adroit or devious(不直接的) means <was jockeyed out of the job> b : to change the position of by a series of movements <jockey a truck into position> intransitive verb 1 : to act as a jockey 2 : to maneuver for advantage - often used in the phrase jockey for position

jocular

['dʒɔkjulə] a.滑稽的，诙谐的；嬉戏的 1 : given to jesting : habitually jolly or jocund 2 : characterized by jesting : PLAYFUL synonyms see WITTY

jocund

['dʒɔkənd] a.快乐的，高兴的 : marked by or suggestive of high spirits and lively mirthfulness(欢乐) <a poet could not but be gay, in such a jocund company - William Wordsworth>

jovial

['dʒəuviəl] a.愉快的 1 capitalized : of or relating to Jove 2 : markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by jollity and conviviality synonyms see MERRY JOVIAL suggests the stimulation of conviviality and good fellowship <dinner put them in a jovial mood>.

juggernaut

['dʒʌgənɔ:t] n.摧毁一切的强大力量 1 chiefly British : a large heavy truck 2 : a massive inexorable(无情的) force, campaign, movement, or object that crushes whatever is in its path <an advertising juggernaut> <a political juggernaut>

juxtapose

['dʒʌkstəpəuz] v.并排，并置 : to place side by side <juxtapose unexpected combinations of colors, shapes and ideas - J. F. T. Bugental>

jumble

['dʒʌmbl] v.混杂，掺杂；n.混杂，掺杂 intransitive verb : to move in a confused or disordered manner transitive verb : to mix into a confused or disordered mass - often used with up noun 1 a : a mass of things mingled together without order or plan : HODGEPODGE(大杂烩) b : a state of confusion 2 British : articles for a rummage sale

justifiable

['dʒʌsti`faiəbl] a.有理由的，无可非议的 : capable of being justified : EXCUSABLE <justifiable family pride - Current Biog.>

justify

['dʒʌstifai] v.证明...是正当的 transitive verb 1 a : to prove or show to be just, right, or reasonable b (1) : to show to have had a sufficient legal reason (2) : to qualify (oneself) as a surety(保证人) by taking oath to the ownership of sufficient property 2 c : to judge, regard, or treat as righteous and worthy of salvation(拯救，赎罪) 3 a : to space (as lines of text) so that the lines come out even at the margin b : to make even by justifying <justified margins> intransitive verb 1 a : to show a sufficient lawful reason for an act done b : to qualify as bail(保释金) or surety 2 : to justify lines of text

junction

['dʒʌŋkʃən] n.交叉路口；连接 1 : an act of joining : the state of being joined 2 a : a place or point of meeting b : an intersection of roads especially where one terminates c : a point (as in a thermocouple) at which dissimilar metals make contact d : an interface in a semiconductor device between regions with different electrical characteristics 3 : something that joins

eddy

['edi] n.漩涡，涡流 1 a : a current of water or air running contrary to the main current especially : a circular current : WHIRLPOOL b : something moving similarly 2 : a contrary or circular current (as of thought or policy)

edify

['edifai] v.陶冶，启发 1 archaic a : BUILD b : ESTABLISH 2 : to instruct and improve especially in moral and religious knowledge : UPLIFT also : ENLIGHTEN, INFORM

edifice

['edifis] n.宏伟的建筑(如宫殿、教堂) 1 : BUILDING especially : a large or massive structure 2 : a large abstract structure <holds together the social edifice>

efficacy

['efikəsi] n.功效，有效性 If you talk about the efficacy of something, you are talking about its effectiveness and its ability to do what it is supposed to. (FORMAL)

ecstasy

['ekstəsi] n.狂喜；激情状态 Ecstasy is a feeling of very great happiness. ...a state of almost religious ecstasy. Ecstasy is an illegal drug which makes people feel happy and energetic. If you are in ecstasy about something, you are very excited about it. If you go into ecstasies, you become very excited. 1 a : a state of being beyond reason and self-control 2 : a state of overwhelming emotion especially : rapturous delight 3 : TRANCE(恍惚) especially : a mystic or prophetic trance

elbow

['elbəu] n.肘 If you elbow people aside or elbow your way somewhere, you push people with your elbows in order to move somewhere. If someone or something elbows their way somewhere, or elbows other people or things out of the way, they achieve success by being aggressive and determined. 2 : something (as macaroni or an angular pipe fitting) resembling an elbow 1 a : to push with the elbow : JOSTLE b : to shove aside by pushing with or as if with the elbow <people elbowed each other to get a better view> intransitive verb 1 : to advance by pushing with the elbow 2 : to make an angle : TURN

elegy

['elidʒi] n.哀歌，挽歌 An elegy is a sad poem, often about someone who has died.

eligible

['elidʒəbl] a.合格的 1 a : qualified to participate or be chosen : ENTITLED <eligible to retire> b : permitted under football rules to catch a forward pass <an eligible receiver> 2 : worthy of being chosen : DESIRABLE <an eligible young bachelor>

elevate

['eliveit] v.将...举起 transitive verb 1 : to lift up or make higher : RAISE <elevate a patient's leg> <exercises that elevate the heart rate> 2 : to raise in rank or status <was elevated to chairman> 3 : to improve morally, intellectually, or culturally <great books that both entertain and elevate their readers> 4 : to raise the spirits of : ELATE intransitive verb : to become elevated : RISE <his voice elevated to a shout>

eloquence

['eləkwəns] n.雄辩，精彩演讲 1 : discourse marked by force and persuasiveness also : the art or power of using such discourse 2 : the quality of forceful or persuasive expressiveness

emigrate

['emigreit] v.自本国移居他国 If you emigrate, you leave your own country to live in another country.

eminence

['eminəns] n.卓越，杰出 Eminence is the quality of being very well-known and highly respected. 1 : a position of prominence or superiority 2 : one that is eminent, prominent, or lofty(高的): as a : an anatomical protuberance (as on a bone) b : a person of high rank or attainments often used as a title for a cardinal c : a natural elevation

eminent

['eminənt] a.著名的，显著的 1 : standing out so as to be readily perceived or noted : CONSPICUOUS 2 : jutting out : PROJECTING 3 : exhibiting eminence especially in standing above others in some quality or position : PROMINENT famous

emissary

['emisəri] n.密使；特使 1 : one designated as the agent of another : REPRESENTATIVE 2 : a secret agent

emulate

['emjuleit] v.努力赶上或超越 If you emulate something or someone, you imitate them because you admire them a great deal. (FORMAL) 1 a : to strive to equal or excel b : IMITATE especially : to imitate by means of an emulator 2 : to equal or approach equality with

empathy

['empəθi] n.心意相通，(感情等)融为一体 Empathy is the ability to share another person's feelings and emotions as if they were your own.

emanate

['eməneit] v.散发，发出，发源 If a quality emanates from you, or if you emanate a quality, you give people a strong sense that you have that quality. (FORMAL) = radiate Intelligence and cunning emanated from him... If something emanates from somewhere, it comes from there. (FORMAL) ...reports emanating from America. intransitive verb : to come out from a source <a sweet scent emanating from the blossoms> transitive verb : EMIT <she seems to emanate an air of serenity>

enmity

['enmiti] n.敌意，仇恨 Enmity is a feeling of hatred towards someone that lasts for a long time. : positive, active, and typically mutual hatred or ill will

ensign

['ensn] n.舰旗(船上表示所属国家的旗帜) An ensign is a flag flown on a ship to show what country the ship belongs to. An ensign is a junior officer in the United States Navy. 2 a : a badge of office, rank, or power b : EMBLEM(象征；标志), SIGN

entity

['entiti] n.实体，统一体 1 a : BEING, EXISTENCE especially : independent, separate, or self-contained existence b : the existence of a thing as contrasted with its attributes 2 : something that has separate and distinct existence and objective or conceptual reality 3 : an organization (as a business or governmental unit) that has an identity separate from those of its members

enterprise

['entəpraiz] n.公司，事业单位；进取心 1 : a project or undertaking that is especially difficult, complicated, or risky 2 : readiness to engage in daring or difficult action : INITIATIVE <showed great enterprise in dealing with the crisis> 3 a : a unit of economic organization or activity especially : a business organization b : a systematic purposeful activity <agriculture is the main economic enterprise among these people>

egotist

['i:gəutist] n.自私自利者 1 a : excessive use of the first person singular personal pronoun b : the practice of talking about oneself too much 2 : an exaggerated sense of self-importance : CONCEIT compare EGOISM 2

elongate

['i:lɔŋgeit] v.延长，伸长 If you elongate something or if it elongates, you stretch it so that it becomes longer. (FORMAL)= lengthen `Mom,' she intoned, elongating the word...

easel

['i:zl] n.黑板，画架

indurate

['indjuəreit] v.使坚硬；使习惯于 adjective : physically or morally hardened transitive verb 1 : to make unfeeling(无情的，冷酷的), stubborn, or obdurate(执拗的) 2 : to make hardy(坚强的，能吃苦耐劳的) : INURE 3 : to make hard <great heat indurates clay> 4 : to establish firmly : CONFIRM intransitive verb 1 : to grow hard : HARDEN 2 : to become established

indolent

['indələnt] a.懒惰的 1 a : causing little or no pain b : slow to develop or heal <indolent tumors> <indolent ulcers(溃疡)> 2 a : averse to activity, effort, or movement : habitually lazy b : conducive to or encouraging laziness <indolent heat> c : exhibiting indolence <an indolent sigh>

innate

['ineit] a.生来的，天赋的 1 : existing in, belonging to, or determined by factors present in an individual from birth : NATIVE, INBORN <innate behavior> 2 : belonging to the essential nature of something : INHERENT 3 : originating in or derived from the mind or the constitution of the intellect rather than from experience

influx

['inflʌks] n.注入，涌入 : a coming in <an influx of tourists>

infant

['infənt] n.婴儿 1 : a child in the first period of life 2 : a person who is not of full age : MINOR adjective 1 : intended for young children 2 : being in an early stage of development 3 : of, relating to, or being in infancy(在萌芽状态，在初期)

infantile

['infəntail] a.幼稚的，孩子气的 1 : of or relating to infants or infancy 2 : suitable to or characteristic of an infant especially : very immature <infantile humor>

infantry

['infəntri] n.步兵 1 a : soldiers trained, armed, and equipped to fight on foot b : a branch of an army composed of these soldiers 2 : an infantry regiment(团) or division

inroad

['inrəud] n.突袭；消耗 1 : a sudden hostile incursion(侵犯，入侵) : RAID 2 : an advance or penetration often at the expense of someone or something- usually used in plural make inroads into/on sth gradually use up or consume more and more of sth

climax

['klaimæks] n.& v.顶点，高潮 The climax of something is the most exciting or important moment in it, usually near the end. The event that climaxes a sequence of events is an exciting or important event that comes at the end. You can also say that a sequence of events climaxes with a particular event. (JOURNALISM) A climax is an orgasm.

clamor

['klæmə] v./n.吵闹，喧哗 1 a : noisy shouting b : a loud continuous noise 2 : insistent public expression (as of support or protest) vi. 1 : to make a din(喧闹声) 2 : to become loudly insistent (坚持的)<clamored for his impeachment(控告 弹劾)> vt. 1 : to utter or proclaim insistently and noisily 2 : to influence by means of clamor

clannish

['klæniʃ] a.排他的，门户之见的 If you describe a group of people as clannish, you mean that they often spend time together and may seem unfriendly to other people who are not in the group. (INFORMAL) = cliquey They were a clannish lot, not given to welcoming strangers.

clarity

['klæriti] n.清楚 The clarity of something such as a book or argument is its quality of being well explained and easy to understand. = lucidity((思路、表达）清晰) Clarity is the ability to think clearly. In business circles he is noted for his flair and clarity of vision. Clarity is the quality of being clear in outline or sound.= precision This remarkable technology provides far greater clarity than conventional x-rays. : the quality or state of being clear : LUCIDITY

clarion

['klæriən] a.声音高而清晰的；n.尖音小号声；尖音小号 A clarion call is a strong and emotional appeal to people to do something. (LITERARY) 1 : a medieval trumpet with clear shrill tones 2 : the sound of or as if of a clarion : brilliantly clear <her clarion top notes> also : loud and clear <a clarion call to action>

cloying

['klɔiiŋ] a.甜得发腻的 You use cloying to describe something that you find unpleasant because it is much too sweet, or too sentimental.

clumsy

['klʌmzi] a.笨拙的；拙劣的 A clumsy person moves or handles things in a careless, awkward way, often so that things are knocked over or broken.= awkward Unfortunately, I was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep. A clumsy action or statement is not skilful or is likely to upset people. The action seemed a clumsy attempt to topple the Janata Dal government... 1 a : lacking dexterity, nimbleness, or grace <clumsy fingers> b : lacking tact or subtlety <a clumsy joke> 2 : awkward or inefficient in use or construction : UNWIELDY <a clumsy contraption> synonyms see AWKWARD synonyms AWKWARD, CLUMSY, MALADROIT, INEPT, GAUCHE mean not marked by ease (as of performance, movement, or social conduct). AWKWARD is widely applicable and may suggest unhandiness, inconvenience, lack of muscular control, embarrassment, or lack of tact <periods of awkward silence>. CLUMSY implies stiffness and heaviness and so may connote inflexibility, unwieldiness, or lack of ordinary skill <a clumsy mechanic>. MALADROIT suggests a tendency to create awkward situations <a maladroit politician>. INEPT often implies complete failure or inadequacy <a hopelessly inept defense attorney>. GAUCHE implies the effects of shyness, inexperience, or ill breeding <felt gauche and unsophisticated at formal parties>.

cabinet

['kæbinit] n.橱柜；内阁 A cabinet is a cupboard used for storing things such as medicine or alcoholic drinks or for displaying decorative things in. The Cabinet is a group of the most senior ministers in a government, who meet regularly to discuss policies.

calibrate

['kælibreit] v.量...口径；校准 If you calibrate an instrument or tool, you mark or adjust it so that you can use it to measure something accurately. (TECHNICAL) If you calibrate something, you measure it accurately. (WRITTEN)

calipers

['kælipəz] n.测径器，双脚规

linen

['linin] n.亚麻织品，亚麻布 1 : made of flax(亚麻) 2 : made of or resembling linen(亚麻布) 1 a : cloth made of flax and noted for its strength, coolness, and luster b : thread or yarn spun from flax 2 : clothing or household articles made of linen cloth or similar fabric 3 : paper made from linen fibers or with a linen finish

languor

['læŋgə] n.身心疲惫 1 : weakness or weariness of body or mind 2 : listless(无精打采的) indolence(怠情) or inertia synonyms see LETHARGY LANGUOR suggests inertia induced by an enervating(无力的) climate or illness or love <languor induced by a tropical vacation>.

larder

['lɑ:də] n.食品室 1 : a place where food is stored : PANTRY 2 : a supply of food

largess(largesse)

['lɑ:dʒes] n.赠送，赏赐；赠品；贺礼；慷慨援助；施舍 1 : liberal giving (as of money) to or as if to an inferior also : something so given 2 : GENEROSITY

lancet

['lɑ:nsit] n.手术刀 1 : a sharp-pointed and commonly 2-edged surgical instrument used to make small incisions 2 a : LANCET WINDOW(尖顶窗) b : LANCET ARCH(尖顶拱)

synonyms CONFIRM, CORROBORATE, SUBSTANTIATE, VERIFY, AUTHENTICATE, VALIDATE mean to attest to the truth or validity of something.

CONFIRM implies the removing of doubts by an authoritative statement or indisputable fact <confirmed the reports>. CORROBORATE suggests the strengthening of what is already partly established <witnesses corroborated his story>. SUBSTANTIATE implies the offering of evidence that sustains the contention <the claims have yet to be substantiated>. VERIFY implies the establishing of correspondence of actual facts or details with those proposed or guessed at <all statements of fact in the article have been verified>. AUTHENTICATE implies establishing genuineness by adducing legal or official documents or expert opinion <handwriting experts authenticated the diaries>. VALIDATE implies establishing validity by authoritative affirmation or by factual proof <validated the hypothesis by experiments>.

synonyms CONQUER, VANQUISH, DEFEAT, SUBDUE, REDUCE, OVERCOME, OVERTHROW mean to get the better of by force or strategy.

CONQUER implies gaining mastery of <Caesar conquered Gaul>. VANQUISH implies a complete overpowering (压倒性的)<vanquished the enemy and ended the war>. DEFEAT does not imply the finality or completeness of VANQUISH which it otherwise equals <the Confederates defeated the Union forces at Manassas>. SUBDUE(压制) implies a defeating and suppression <subdued the native tribes after years of fighting>. REDUCE implies a forcing to capitulate or surrender <the city was reduced after a month-long siege>. OVERCOME suggests getting the better of with difficulty or after hard struggle <overcame a host of bureaucratic roadblocks>. OVERTHROW stresses the bringing down or destruction of existing power <violently overthrew the old regime>.

synonyms see CONCISE

SUCCINCT implies the greatest possible compression <a succinct letter of resignation>. LACONIC implies brevity to the point of seeming rude, indifferent, or mysterious <an aloof and laconic stranger>. SUMMARY suggests the statement of main points with no elaboration or explanation <a summary listing of the year's main events>. noun : an abstract, abridgment, or compendium(纲要,短且完全的概要) especially of a preceding(在先的) !discourse(演说；论文)

entry

['entri] n.条目；登录；报关手续；入口 4 a : the act of making or entering a record b : something entered: as (1) : a record or notation of an occurrence, transaction, or proceeding (2) : a descriptive record (as in a card catalog or an index) (3) : HEADWORD (a word which is followed by an explanation of its meaning in a dictionary) (4) : a headword with its definition or identification (5) : VOCABULARY ENTRY 5 : a person, thing, or group entered into something (as a contest or market) <the latest entries in the computer market> <judge the entries in the writing contest>

blissful

['blisfuls] a.极幸福的 A blissful situation or period of time is one in which you are extremely happy. If someone is in blissful ignorance of something unpleasant or serious, they are totally unaware of it.

blueprint

['blu:`print] n.蓝图；方案 A blueprint for something is a plan or set of proposals that shows how it is expected to work.

blooming

['blu:miŋ] a.有花的；精力旺盛的 Someone who is blooming looks attractively healthy and full of energy.

blandishment

['blændiʃmənt] n.奉承，甘言劝诱 : something that tends to coax(劝诱, 哄骗) or cajole(以甜言蜜语哄骗, 勾引) : ALLUREMENT - often used in plural

blasphemy

['blæsfimi] n.亵渎，渎神 1 a : the act of insulting or showing contempt or lack of reverence(崇敬) for God b : the act of claiming the attributes of deity(神) 2 : irreverence(不敬) toward something considered sacred or inviolable

blockage

['blɔkidʒ] n.障碍物 A blockage in a pipe, tube, or tunnel is an object which blocks it, or the state of being blocked.

blowhard

['bləuhɑ:d] n.自吹自擂者

blunder

['blʌndə] v.犯大错；笨拙地做；n.愚蠢之举 A blunder is a stupid or careless mistake. If you blunder, you make a stupid or careless mistake. If you blunder into a dangerous or difficult situation, you get involved in it by mistake. If you blunder somewhere, you move there in a clumsy and careless way.

bluster

['blʌstə] vv 咆哮(气势汹汹地、大声的、傲慢的、充满空洞的、威胁的说话)＝ bawl＝ bellow(大声的，猛烈的)风狂吹； vi 1 : to talk or act with noisy swaggering threats 2 a : to blow in stormy noisy gusts b : to be windy and boisterous vt 1 : to utter with noisy self-assertiveness 2 : to drive or force by blustering

brassy

['bra:si] a.厚脸皮的，无礼的 Brassy music is bold, harsh, and loud. If you describe a woman's appearance or her behaviour as brassy, you think that she does not have good taste, and that she dresses or behaves in a way that is too loud or vulgar(粗俗的). Something that is brassy has a yellow metallic colour and sometimes looks cheap.

bridle

['braidl] n.马笼头；v.抑制，控制 If you bridle, you show that you are angry or offended by moving your head and body upwards in a proud way. (LITERARY) = bristle(怒发冲冠) n. 3 : CURB(控制，抑制), RESTRAINT <set a bridle on his power> vt.2 : to restrain, check, or control with or as if with a bridle <bridle your tongue>

lobby

['lɔbi] n.大厅，休息厅 v.游说 In a hotel or other large building, the lobby is the area near the entrance that usually has corridors and staircases leading off it. A lobby is a group of people who represent a particular organization or campaign, and try to persuade a government or council to help or support them. If you lobby someone such as a member of a government or council, you try to persuade them that a particular law should be changed or that a particular thing should be done.

loyal

['lɔiəl] a.忠诚的，忠贞的，忠心的 1 : unswerving(不歪的, 始终不渝) in allegiance: as a : faithful in allegiance to one's lawful sovereign or government b : faithful to a private person to whom fidelity is due c : faithful to a cause, ideal, custom, institution, or product 2 : showing loyalty synonyms see FAITHFUL FAITHFUL implies unswerving adherence to a person or thing or to the oath or promise by which a tie was contracted <faithful to her promise>. LOYAL implies a firm resistance to any temptation to desert or betray <remained loyal to the czar>.

lottery

['lɔtəri] n.彩票，抽彩给奖法 1 a : a drawing of lots in which prizes are distributed to the winners among persons buying a chance b : a drawing of lots used to decide something 2 : an event or affair whose outcome is or seems to be determined by chance

___ maintenance

['meintinəns] n.维持，维护 1 : the act of maintaining : the state of being maintained : SUPPORT 2 : something that maintains 3 : the upkeep(维持，保养) of property or equipment 4 : an officious(多管嫌事) or unlawful intermeddling(管闲事) in a legal suit by assisting either party with means to carry it on

magnate

['mægneit] n.财主，巨头 : a person of rank, power, influence, or distinction often in a specified area

magnify

['mægnifai] v.放大；赞美 transitive verb 1 a : EXTOL(赞美), LAUD(称赞) b : to cause to be held in greater esteem(尊重) or respect 2 a : to increase in significance : INTENSIFY b : EXAGGERATE <magnifies every minor issue to crisis proportions> 3 : to enlarge in fact or in appearance intransitive verb : to have the power of causing objects to appear larger than they are

know-how

['nəu hau] n.专业技能，知识 : knowledge of how to do something smoothly and efficiently : EXPERTISE

cipher

['saifə] n.零；无影响力的人；密码 1 a : ZERO 1A b : one that has no weight, worth, or influence : NONENTITY(不重要之人) 2 a : a method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning b : a message in code 3 : ARABIC NUMERAL 4 : a combination of symbolic letters especially : the interwoven initials of a name vi. : to use figures in a mathematical process vt. 1 : ENCIPHER(译成密码) 2 : to compute arithmetically

sybarite

['sibərait] n.奢侈逸乐的人 1 [from the notorious luxury of the Sybarites] : VOLUPTUARY(耽于逸乐的人), SENSUALIST(好色者，感觉论者，感觉主义者) 2 capitalized : a native or resident of the ancient city of Sybaris

sycophant

['sikəfənt] n.马屁精 : a servile self-seeking flatterer synonyms see PARASITE PARASITE applies to one who clings to a person of wealth, power, or influence or is useless to society <a jet-setter with an !entourage(随从) of parasites>. SYCOPHANT adds to this a strong suggestion of !fawning(奉承的；摇尾乞怜的), !flattery, or !adulation(奉承，谄媚) <a powerful prince surrounded by sycophants>.

syllabus

['siləbəs] n.教学纲要 1 : a summary outline of a discourse, treatise(专题论文), or course of study or of examination requirements 2 : HEADNOTE 2 : a note prefixed to the report of a decided legal case

symphony

['simfəni] n.交响乐，交响曲 1 : consonance(一致；调和；和音) of sounds 2 b : SINFONIA(交响乐，序曲，管弦乐曲) 1 c (1) : a usually long and complex sonata for symphony orchestra (2) : a musical composition (as for organ) resembling such a symphony in complexity or variety 3 : consonance or harmony of color (as in a painting) 4 a : SYMPHONY !ORCHESTRA(交响乐团) b : a symphony orchestra concert 5 : something that in its harmonious complexity or variety suggests a symphonic composition <a symphony of flavors>

symmetry

['simitri] n.对称；均衡 1 : balanced proportions also : beauty of form arising from balanced proportions 2 : the property of being symmetrical especially : correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts on opposite sides of a dividing line or median(中央的) plane or about a center or axis 4 : the property of remaining invariant under certain changes (as of orientation in space, of the sign of the electric charge, of parity, or of the direction of time flow) - used of physical phenomena and of equations describing them

syndrome

['sindrəum] n.综合症状 1 : a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition 2 : a set of !concurrent(同时发生的) things (as emotions or actions) that usually form an identifiable pattern

cinder

['sində] n.余烬，矿渣 1 : the slag(矿渣) from a metal furnace : DROSS 2 a plural : ASHES b : a fragment of ash 3 a : a partly burned combustible in which fire is extinct b : a hot coal without flame c : a partly burned coal capable of further burning without flame 4 : a fragment of lava(熔岩) from an erupting volcano

synthesis

['sinθisis] n.综合，合成 A synthesis of different ideas or styles is a mixture or combination of these ideas or styles. (FORMAL) His novels are a rich synthesis of Balkan history and mythology... The synthesis of a substance is the production of it by means of chemical or biological reactions. (TECHNICAL)

syringe

['sirindʒ] n.注射器 transitive verb : to irrigate or spray with or as if with a syringe

supervise

['sju:pəvaiz] v.监督，管理 : SUPERINTEND : to have or exercise the charge and oversight(监管，看管) of : DIRECT, : OVERSEE If someone in authority oversees a job or an activity, they make sure that it is done properly.

suitcase

['sju:tkeis] n.手提箱，箱子 : portable case designed to hold a traveler's clothing and personal articles

suture

['sju:tʃə] n.(伤口的)缝线；v.缝合 1 a : a strand or fiber used to sew parts of the living body also : a stitch(一针，缝线) made with a suture b : the act or process of sewing with sutures 2 a : a uniting of parts b : the seam(缝，接缝) or seamlike line along which two things or parts are sewed or united 3 a : the line of union in an immovable articulation(清晰度；关节) (as between the bones of the skull) also : such an articulation b : a furrow(犁沟；皱纹) at the junction of adjacent bodily parts especially : a line of dehiscence(裂开) (as on a fruit)

stifle

['staifl] v.感到窒息；抑止 transitive verb 1 a : to kill by depriving of oxygen : !SUFFOCATE(使窒息) b (1) : SMOTHER(窒息，压抑) (2) : MUFFLE(围裹,压低声音) 2 a : to cut off (as the voice or breath) b : to withhold from circulation or expression : REPRESS <stifled our anger> c : DETER, DISCOURAGE intransitive verb : to become suffocated by or as if by lack of oxygen : SMOTHER <stifling in the heat>

stylus

['stailəs] n.铁笔 : an instrument for writing, marking, or incising: as a : an instrument used by the ancients in writing on clay or waxed tablets b : a hard-pointed pen-shaped instrument for marking on stencils(模版，型版，蜡纸) used in a reproducing machine c (1) : NEEDLE 3c : a slender rod (as of jewel or steel) with a rounded tip used in a phonograph(留声机) to transmit vibrations from a record : STYLUS (2) : a cutting tool used to produce an original record groove during disc recording d : a pen-shaped pointing device used for entering data (as positional information from a graphics tablet) into a computer

stymie

['staimi] v.妨碍，阻挠 : to present an obstacle to : stand in the way of <stymied by red tape(官样文章，繁文缛节)>

stygian

['stidʒiən] a.阴暗的，阴森森的 1 : of or relating to the river Styx(冥河) 2 : extremely dark, gloomy, or forbidding <the stygian blackness of the cave>

stigma

['stigmə] n.耻辱的标志，污点 1 b : a mark of shame or discredit : STAIN <bore the stigma of cowardice(胆小，懦弱)> c : an identifying mark or characteristic specifically : a specific diagnostic sign of a disease 2 a stigmata plural : bodily marks or pains resembling the wounds of the crucified Jesus and sometimes accompanying religious ecstasy(狂喜) b : PETECHIA 3 a : a small spot, scar, or opening on a plant or animal b : the usually apical part of the pistil of a flower which receives the pollen grains and on which they germinate

stickler

['stiklə] n.坚持细节之人 1 : one who insists on exactness or completeness in the observance of something <a stickler for the rules> 2 : something that baffles(使困惑，阻碍) or puzzles : POSER, STICKER

stilted

['stiltid] a.(文章，谈话)不自然的；夸张的 1 a : POMPOUS(自大的；爱炫耀的；浮华的), LOFTY b : FORMAL, STIFF 2 : having the curve beginning at some distance above the impost <a stilted arch>

stimulant

['stimjulənt] n.兴奋剂，刺激物 1 : an agent (as a drug) that produces a temporary increase of the functional activity or efficiency of an organism or any of its parts 2 : STIMULUS 3 : an alcoholic beverage - not used technically

stimulus

['stimjuləs] n.刺激物，激励 : something that rouses or incites to activity: as a : INCENTIVE(刺激；鼓励；诱因) b : STIMULANT 1 : an agent (as a drug) that produces a temporary increase of the functional activity or efficiency of an organism or any of its parts c : an agent (as an environmental change) that directly influences the activity of a living organism or one of its parts (as by exciting a sensory organ or evoking muscular contraction or glandular secretion)

stingy

['stindʒi] a.吝啬的，小气的 1 : not generous or liberal : sparing or scant(不足的,缺乏的) in using, giving, or spending <stingy with the salt> <stingy employee benefits> 2 : meanly scanty(=scant) or small <stingy portions of meat> synonyms STINGY, CLOSE, NIGGARDLY, PARSIMONIOUS, PENURIOUS, MISERLY mean being unwilling or showing unwillingness to share with others. STINGY implies a marked lack of generosity <a stingy child, not given to sharing>.

stipple

['stipl] v.点画，点描 transitive verb 1 : to engrave by means of dots and flicks(轻弹，轻打) 2 a : to make by small short touches (as of paint or ink) that together produce an even or softly graded shadow b : to apply (as paint) by repeated small touches 3 : SPECKLE, FLECK noun : production of gradation of light and shade in graphic art by stippling small points, larger dots, or longer strokes also : an effect produced in this way

stupor

['stju:pə] n.昏迷，不醒人事 1 : a condition of greatly dulled or completely suspended sense or sensibility <a drunken stupor> 2 : a state of extreme apathy(冷漠) or torpor(无精打采；麻木) resulting often from stress or shock : DAZE synonyms see !LETHARGY(昏睡；倦怠；无精打采的状态) STUPOR implies a deadening of the mind and senses by shock, narcotics, or intoxicants <lapsed into an alcoholic stupor>. TORPOR implies a state of suspended animation as of hibernating animals but may suggest merely extreme sluggishness <a once alert mind now in a torpor>.

striking

['straikiŋ] a.引人注目的，明显的 : attracting attention or notice through unusual or conspicuous qualities <a place of striking beauty> synonyms see NOTICEABLE STRIKING applies to something that impresses itself powerfully and deeply upon the observer's mind or vision <the region's striking poverty>.

stratum

['streitəm] n.地层；社会阶层 1 : a bed or layer artificially made 2 a : a sheetlike mass of sedimentary rock or earth of one kind lying between beds of other kinds b : a region of the sea or atmosphere that is analogous to a stratum of the earth c : a layer of tissue <deep stratum of the skin> d : a layer in which archaeological material (as artifacts, skeletons, and dwelling remains) is found on excavation 3 a : a part of a historical or sociological series representing a period or a stage of development b : a socioeconomic level of society comprising persons of the same or similar status especially with regard to education or culture 4 : one of a series of layers, levels, or gradations in an ordered system <strata of thought> 5 : a statistical subpopulation

stratify

['strætifai] v.(使)层化 transitive verb 1 : to form, deposit, or arrange in strata(地层) 2 a : to divide or arrange into classes, castes, or social strata b : to divide into a series of graded statuses intransitive verb : to become arranged in strata

stodgy

['stɔdʒi] a.乏味的 1 : having a rich filling quality : HEAVY <stodgy bread> 2 : moving in a slow plodding way especially as a result of physical bulkiness(庞大，笨大) 3 : BORING, DULL <out on a peaceful rather stodgy Sunday boat trip - Edna Ferber> 4 : extremely old-fashioned : HIDEBOUND(偏狭顽固的、迂腐守旧的) <received a pompously Victorian letter from his stodgy father - E. E. S. Montagu> 5 a : DRAB(枯黄色的；性格单调乏味的) b : DOWDY(不整洁的

stocky

['stɔki] a.矮胖的，粗壮的 : compact, sturdy, and relatively thick in build

stolid

['stɔlid] a.无动于衷的 : having or expressing little or no sensibility : UNEMOTIONAL synonyms see IMPASSIVE STOIC implies an apparent indifference to pleasure or especially to pain often as a matter of principle or self-discipline <was resolutely stoic even in !adversity(不幸，灾难)>. STOLID implies an habitual absence of interest, responsiveness, or curiosity <stolid workers wedded to routine>.

sturdy

['stə:di] a.(身体)强健的；结实的 1 a : firmly built or constituted : STOUT b : HARDY(身体健康强壮的；勇敢的；鲁莽的；植物耐寒的) <sturdy plants> c : sound in design or execution : SUBSTANTIAL 2 a : marked by or reflecting physical strength or vigor b : FIRM, RESOLUTE c : RUGGED, STABLE synonyms see STRONG STURDY implies strength derived from vigorous growth, determination of spirit, solidity of construction <a sturdy table> <people of sturdy independence>.

stoic

['stəuik] n.坚忍克己之人 noun 1 capitalized : a member of a school of philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium about 300 B.C. holding that the wise man should be free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and submissive to natural law 2 : one apparently or professedly(明言地，公然地，表面上) indifferent to pleasure or pain adjective 1 capitalized : of, relating to, or resembling the Stoics or their doctrines <Stoic logic> 2 : not affected by or showing passion or feeling especially : firmly restraining response to pain or distress <a stoic indifference to cold>

stowaway

['stəuə`wei] n.(藏于轮船、飞机中的)偷乘者 : one that stows away

substitute

['sʌbstitju:t] n.代替品；v.代替 noun : a person or thing that takes the place or function of another transitive verb 1 a : to put or use in the place of another b : to introduce (an atom or group) as a substituent also : to alter (as a compound) by introduction of a substituent <a substituted benzene ring> 2 : to take the place of : REPLACE intransitive verb : to serve as a substitute

substance

['sʌbstəns] n.大意，根据，实质；物质 1 a : essential nature : ESSENCE b : a fundamental or characteristic part or quality 2 a : ultimate reality that underlies all outward manifestations and change b : practical importance : MEANING, USEFULNESS <the bill - which will be without substance in the sense that it will authorize nothing more than a set of ideas - Richard Reeves> 3 a : physical material from which something is made or which has discrete existence b : matter of particular or definite chemical constitution c : something (as drugs or alcoholic beverages) deemed harmful and usually subject to legal restriction <possession of a controlled substance> <substance abuse> 4 : material possessions : PROPERTY <a family of substance>

substantive

['sʌbstəntiv] a.根本的；独立存在的 noun : NOUN broadly : a word or word group functioning syntactically as a noun 1 : being a totally independent entity 2 a : real rather than apparent : FIRM <need substantive evidence to prove her guilt> also : PERMANENT, ENDURING b : belonging to the substance of a thing : ESSENTIAL c : expressing existence <the substantive verb(存在动词) is the verb to be> d : requiring or involving no mordant(腐蚀性,腐蚀剂) <a substantive dyeing process> 3 a : having the nature or function of a grammatical substantive <a substantive phrase> b : relating to or having the character of a noun or pronominal(代名词的) term in logic 4 : considerable in amount or numbers : SUBSTANTIAL(数目大的 可观的) <made substantive progress> 5 : creating and defining rights and duties <substantive law> 6 : having substance : involving matters of major or practical importance to all concerned <substantive discussions among world leaders>

subterfuge

['sʌbtəfju:dʒ] n.诡计，托辞 1 : deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evade 2 : a deceptive device or stratagem synonyms see DECEPTION SUBTERFUGE suggests the adoption of a stratagem or the telling of a lie in order to escape guilt or to gain an end <obtained the papers by subterfuge>.

succor

['sʌkə] v./n.救助，援助 noun 1 : RELIEF also : AID, HELP 2 : something that furnishes relief transitive verb : to go to the aid of : RELIEVE

sultry

['sʌltri] a.闷热的；(人)风骚的 1 a : very hot and humid : !SWELTERING(酷热的) <a sultry day> b : burning hot : TORRID(酷热的；积极热情的) <a sultry sun> 2 a : hot with passion or anger b : exciting or capable of exciting strong sexual desire <sultry glances>

sullen

['sʌlən] a.忧郁的 1 a : gloomily or resentfully silent or repressed <a sullen crowd> b : suggesting a sullen state : LOWERING <a sullen !countenance(面容，表情)> 2 : dull or somber in sound or color 3 : DISMAL, GLOOMY <a sullen morning> 4 : moving sluggishly(迟钝，无精打采) <a sullen river>

sumptuous

['sʌmptjuəs] a.豪华的，奢侈的 : extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent <sumptuous banquets> <a sumptuous residence> also : MAGNIFICENT 4 : impressive to the mind or spirit : SUBLIME <sumptuous prose>

summon

['sʌmən] v.召见；召集 1 : to issue a call to !convene(正式集会；正式召集；传唤) : CONVOKE(召集会议) 2 : to command by service of a summons to appear in court 3 : to call upon for specified action 4 : to bid(命令) to come : send for(派人去请，召唤) <summon a physician> 5 : to call forth : EVOKE - often used with up synonyms SUMMON, CALL, CITE, CONVOKE, CONVENE, MUSTER mean to demand the presence of. SUMMON implies the exercise of authority <was summoned to answer charges>.

sunder

['sʌndə] v.分裂，分离 transitive verb : to break apart or in two : separate by or as if by violence or by intervening time or space intransitive verb : to become parted, disunited, or severed(切断的) synonyms see SEPARATE SUNDER suggests violent rending or wrenching apart <a city sundered by racial conflict>.

supple

['sʌpl] a.伸屈自如的 adjective 1 a : compliant(顺从的) often to the point of obsequiousness(奉承,谄媚) b : readily adaptable or responsive to new situations 2 a : capable of being bent or folded without creases(折痕), cracks, or breaks : PLIANT(易受影响的，易弯曲的) <supple leather> b : able to perform bending or twisting movements with ease : LIMBER <supple legs of a dancer> c : easy and fluent without stiffness or awkwardness <sang with a lively, supple voice - Douglas Watt> synonyms see ELASTIC SUPPLE applies to something that can be readily bent, twisted, or folded without any sign of injury <supple leather>.

supplicate

['sʌplikeit] v.恳求，乞求 intransitive verb : to make a humble entreaty(恳求 哀求 迫切要求) especially : to pray to God transitive verb 1 : to ask humbly and earnestly of 2 : to ask for earnestly and humbly synonyms see BEG SUPPLICATE suggests a posture of humility <with bowed heads they supplicated their Lord>.

supplicant

['sʌplikənt] n.乞求者，恳求者 A supplicant is a person who prays to God or respectfully asks an important person to help them or to give them something that they want very much. (FORMAL)

sustenance

['sʌstinəns] n.食物，粮食；生计 1 a : means of support, maintenance, or subsistence(生存，生计，存在) : LIVING b : FOOD, PROVISIONS also : NOURISHMENT 2 a : the act of sustaining : the state of being sustained b : a supplying or being supplied with the necessaries of life 3 : something that gives support, endurance, or strength

emblematic

[`embli'mætik] a.作为象征的 If something, such as an object in a picture, is emblematic of a particular quality or an idea, it symbolically represents the quality or idea. If you say that something is emblematic of a state of affairs, you mean that it is characteristic of it and represents its most typical features.

empyreal

[`empai'ri:əl] a.天空的 1 : of or relating to the empyrean (最高天): CELESTIAL 2 : SUBLIME(崇高的，庄严的)

egocentric

[`i:gəu'sentrik] a.利己的 Someone who is egocentric thinks only of themselves and their own wants, and does not consider other people.= self-centred He was egocentric, a man of impulse who expected those around him to serve him. 1 : concerned with the individual rather than society 2 : taking the ego as the starting point in philosophy 3 a : limited in outlook or concern to one's own activities or needs b : SELF-CENTERED, SELFISH

economical

[`i:kə'nɔmikəl] a.经济的，节约的 Something that is economical does not require a lot of money to operate. For example a car that only uses a small amount of petrol is economical. Someone who is economical spends money sensibly and does not want to waste it on things that are unnecessary. A way of life that is economical does not need a lot of money. Economical means using the minimum amount of time, effort, or language that is necessary. 2 : marked by careful, efficient, and prudent use of resources : THRIFTY <an economical shopper> 3 : operating with little waste or at a saving <an economical car> synonyms see SPARING

infelicitous

[`infi'lisitəs] a.不幸的，不妥当的 : not felicitous(恰当的, 巧妙的, 幸福的): as a : not appropriate or well-timed <an infelicitous remark> b : AWKWARD, UNFORTUNATE <an infelicitous moment>

inflammation

[`inflə'meiʃən] n.激怒；炽热；炎症 1 : a local response to cellular injury that is marked by capillary dilatation, leukocytic infiltration, redness, heat, and pain and that serves as a mechanism initiating the elimination of noxious agents and of damaged tissue 2 : the act of inflaming : the state of being inflamed(怒火, 发火, 燃烧)

inhumane

[`inhju(:)'mein] a.不近人情的 : not humane : INHUMAN 1 a : lacking pity, kindness, or mercy : SAVAGE <an inhuman tyrant> b : COLD, IMPERSONAL(冷淡的) <his usual quiet, almost inhuman courtesy - F. Tennyson Jesse> c : not worthy of or conforming to the needs of human beings <inhuman living conditions> <the inhumane treatment of prisoners>

ineffectual

[`ini'fektjuəl] a.无效的，徒劳无益的 1 : not producing the proper or intended effect : FUTILE 2 : INEFFECTIVE 2 : not capable of performing efficiently or as expected : INCAPABLE <an ineffective executive>

ineluctable

[`ini'lʌktəbl] a.不能逃避的 : not to be avoided, changed, or resisted : INEVITABLE <an ineluctable fate>

inexhaustible

[`inig'zɔ:stəbl] a.用不完的，取之不竭的,不知疲倦的 : not exhaustible: as a : incapable of being used up <inexhaustible riches> b : incapable of being wearied or worn out <an inexhaustible hiker>

inelasticity

[`inilæs'tisiti] n.无弹性，无伸缩性 : not elastic: as a : slow to react or respond to changing conditions b : INFLEXIBLE, UNYIELDING

innuendo

[`inju'endəu] n.含沙射影，暗讽 1 a : an oblique(间接的,不坦率的) allusion : HINT, INSINUATION especially : a veiled(掩饰的) or equivocal(模棱两可的) reflection on character or reputation b : the use of such allusions <resorting to innuendo> 2 : a parenthetical explanation introduced into the text of a legal document Innuendo is indirect reference to something rude or unpleasant.

insufficient

[`insə'fiʃənt] a.不足的 : not sufficient : INADEQUATE <insufficient funds> especially : lacking adequate power, capacity, or competence <insufficient bandwidth>

insubstantial

[`insəb'stænʃəl] a.非实体的；薄弱的 : not substantial: as a : lacking substance or material nature b : lacking firmness or solidity : FLIMSY(脆弱的)

intuition

[`intju(:)'iʃən] n.直觉 1 : quick and ready insight 2 a : immediate apprehension(担心，忧虑) or cognition b : knowledge or conviction gained by intuition(直觉) = instinct c : the power or faculty of attaining to direct knowledge or cognition without evident rational thought and inference

introspective

[`intrəu'spektiv] a.自省的 Introspective people spend a lot of time examining their own thoughts, ideas, and feelings. introspection [`intrəu'spekʃən] n.反省 : a reflective looking inward : an examination of one's own thoughts and feelings

constitutional

[`kɔnsti'tju:ʃənəl] a.章程的，法规的,素质上的，本质的 Constitutional means relating to the constitution of a particular country or organization. 1 : relating to, inherent in, or affecting the constitution of body or mind 2 : of, relating to, or entering into the fundamental makeup of something : ESSENTIAL 3 : being in accordance with or authorized by the constitution of a state or society <a constitutional government> 4 : regulated by or ruling according to a constitution <a constitutional monarchy(君主政体)> 5 : of or relating to a constitution <a constitutional crisis> 6 : loyal to or supporting an established constitution or form of government

irritation

[`iri'teiʃən] n.愤怒，急躁，刺激 1 a : the act of irritating b : something that irritates c : the state of being irritated 2 : a condition of irritability, soreness(痛苦，悲伤), roughness, or inflammation of a bodily part

choreography

[`kɔ(:)ri'ɔgrəfi] n.舞蹈；舞蹈编排 Choreography is the inventing of steps and movements for ballets and other dances.

colonnade

[`kɔlə'neid] n.柱廊 : a series of columns set at regular intervals and usually supporting the base of a roof structure

comprehend

[`kɔmpri'hend] v.理解；包括 If you cannot comprehend something, you cannot understand it. (FORMAL) = understand

comprehensive

[`kɔmpri'hensiv] a.全面的，综合的 Something that is comprehensive includes everything that is needed or relevant. = complete ≠ partial In Britain, a comprehensive is a state school in which children of all abilities are taught together.

comprehensible

[`kɔmpri'hensəbl] a.能充分理解的 Something that is comprehensible can be understood. (FORMAL)

commonsense

[`kɔmən'sens] a.具有常识的 : sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts

conflagration

[`kɔnflə'greiʃən] n.建筑物或森林大火 A conflagration is a fire that burns over a large area and destroys property. (FORMAL) = blaze

connoisseur

[`kɔni'sə:] n.鉴赏家，行家 A connoisseur is someone who knows a lot about the arts, food, drink, or some other subject.

consternation

[`kɔnstə(:)'neiʃən] n.大为吃惊，惊骇 Consternation is a feeling of anxiety or fear. (FORMAL) = dismay His decision caused consternation in the art photography community...

consequential

[`kɔnsi'kwenʃəl] a.傲慢的，自以为是的 Something that is consequential is important or significant. (FORMAL)= significant≠ inconsequential From a medical standpoint a week is usually not a consequential delay. 1 : of the nature of a secondary result : INDIRECT 2 : CONSEQUENT 3 : having significant consequences : IMPORTANT <a grave and consequential event> 4 : SELF-IMPORTANT

constitution

[`kɔnsti'tju:ʃən] n.宪法；体质 The constitution of a country or organization is the system of laws which formally states people's rights and duties. Your constitution is your health.

superficial

[`sju:pə'fiʃəl] a.表面的，肤浅的 1 a (1) : of, relating to, or located near a surface (2) : lying on, not penetrating below, or affecting only the surface <superficial wounds> b British of a unit of measure : SQUARE <superficial foot> 2 a : concerned only with the obvious or apparent : SHALLOW b : seen on the surface : EXTERNAL c : presenting only an appearance without substance or significance

superfluity

[`sju:pə'fluiti] n.多余的量 1 a : EXCESS, OVERSUPPLY b : something unnecessary or superfluous(多余的；累赘的) 2 : !immoderate(无节制的，过度的) and especially luxurious living, habits, or desires

supernova

[`sju:pə'nəuvə] n.超新星 1 : the explosion of a star in which the star may reach a maximum intrinsic luminosity one billion times that of the sun 2 : one that explodes into prominence or popularity also : SUPERSTAR

supersede

[`sju:pə'si:d] v.淘汰，取代 1 a : to cause to be set aside b : to force out of use as inferior 2 : to take the place, room, or position of 3 : to displace in favor of another : SUPPLANT(排挤，取代) synonyms see REPLACE SUPPLANT implies either a dispossessing or usurping(篡夺) of another's place, possessions, or privileges or an uprooting(倒根，挖除伐根) of something and its replacement with something else <was abruptly supplanted in her affections by another>. SUPERSEDE implies replacing a person or thing that has become superannuated(老朽的，退休的，陈旧过时的), obsolete(废弃的，过时的), or otherwise inferior <the new edition supersedes all previous ones>.

supercilious

[`sju:pə'siliəs] a.目中无人的 : coolly and patronizingly haughty <reacted to their breach of etiquette(礼仪；礼节) with a supercilious smile> synonyms see PROUD SUPERCILIOUS implies a cool, patronizing(以恩人自居的，要人领情的) haughtiness(傲慢，不逊) <an aloof and supercilious manner>.

superintend

[`sju:pərin'tend] v.监督 : to have or exercise the charge and oversight of : DIRECT

circulation

[`sə:kju'leiʃən] n.循环，流通；发行额 The circulation of a newspaper or magazine is the number of copies that are sold each time it is produced. If something such as money is in circulation, it is being used by the public. If something is out of circulation or has been withdrawn from circulation, it is no longer available for use by the public. the interchange of currency <coins in circulation> b : the extent of dissemination(宣传，传染): as (1) : the average number of copies of a publication sold over a given period (2) : the total number of items borrowed from a library

circumstantial

[`sə:kəm'stænʃəl] a.不重要的，偶然的；描述详细的 Circumstantial evidence is evidence that makes it seem likely that something happened, but does not prove it. (FORMAL) 1 : belonging to, consisting in, or dependent on circumstances <a circumstantial case> <circumstantial factors> 2 : pertinent but not essential : INCIDENTAL 3 : marked by careful attention to detail : abounding in factual details <a circumstantial account of the fight> 4 : CEREMONIAL

circumvent

[`sə:kəm'vent] v.回避；用计谋战胜或规避 If someone circumvents a rule or restriction, they avoid having to obey the rule or restriction, in a clever and perhaps dishonest way. (FORMAL)= get round Military planners tried to circumvent the treaty. 1 a : to hem in b : to make a circuit around 2 : to manage to get around especially by ingenuity or stratagem <the setup circumvented the red tape

circumlocution

[`sə:kəmlə'kju:ʃən] n.迂回累赘的陈述 A circumlocution is a way of saying or writing something using more words than are necessary instead of being clear and direct. (FORMAL)

surreptitious

[`sʌrəp'tiʃəs] a.鬼鬼祟祟的 1 : done, made, or acquired by stealth : !CLANDESTINE(秘密的) 2 : acting or doing something clandestinely : STEALTHY <a surreptitious glance> synonyms see SECRET SURREPTITIOUS applies to action or behavior done secretly often with skillful avoidance of detection and in violation of custom, law, or authority <the surreptitious stockpiling(囤积) of weapons>.

tambourine

[`tæmbə'ri:n] n.铃鼓，手鼓 : a small drum especially : a shallow one-headed drum with loose metallic disks at the sides played especially by shaking or striking with the hand

termination

[`tə:mi'neiʃən] n.终点 noun 1 : end in time or existence : CONCLUSION <the termination of life> 2 : the last part of a word especially : an inflectional ending(词尾变化) 3 : the act of terminating 4 : a limit in space or extent : BOUND 5 : OUTCOME, RESULT

terminology

[`tə:mi'nɔlədʒi] n.术语，术语学 1 : the technical or special terms used in a business, art, science, or special subject 2 : nomenclature(命名法) as a field of study

entrepreneur

[`ɔntrəprə'nə:] n.企业家，创业人 : one who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise

chauvinistic

[`ʃəuvi'nistik] a.沙文主义的，过分爱国主义的

therapeutic

[`θerə'pju:tik] a.治病的 1 : of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods <a therapeutic rather than a diagnostic specialty> 2 : providing or assisting in a cure : CURATIVE, MEDICINAL(有药性的 用作治疗的) <therapeutic diets> <a therapeutic investigation of government waste>

irate

[ai'reit] a.发怒的 1 : roused to ire(大怒) <an irate taxpayer> 2 : arising from anger <irate words>

itinerary

[ai'tinərəri] n.行程表；旅行路线 1 : the route of a journey or tour or the proposed outline of one 2 : a travel diary 3 : a traveler's guidebook

ironic

[aiə'rɔnik] a.挖苦的；出乎意料的 1 : relating to, containing, or constituting irony <an ironic remark> <an ironic coincidence> 2 : given to irony <an ironic sense of humor>

ironclad

[aiən'klæd] a.装铁甲的；坚固的 1 : sheathed in iron armor - used especially of naval vessels 2 : so firm or secure as to be unbreakable: as a : BINDING <an ironclad oath> b : having no obvious weakness <an ironclad case against the defendant>

bewildering

[bI'wIldərIŋ] a.令人迷惑的；费解的 A bewildering thing or situation is very confusing and difficult to understand or to make a decision about.

bile

[bail] n.胆汁 Bile is anger or bitterness towards someone or something. 1 a : either of two humors(心情) associated in old physiology with irascibility(易怒) and melancholy(忧郁) 2 a : inclination to anger b : ACRIMONY, VITRIOL(硫酸盐，刻薄)

bout

[baut] n.一回合，一阵 If you have a bout of an illness or of an unpleasant feeling, you have it for a short period. A bout of something that is unpleasant is a short time during which it occurs a great deal.= spell A half-hour daily walk can be more beneficial than one hard bout of exercise a week. A bout is a boxing or wrestling match.

bizarre

[bi'zɑ:] a.奇异的，古怪的 = weird : strikingly out of the ordinary: as a : odd, extravagant, or eccentric in style or mode b : involving sensational(耸人听闻的，轰动的) contrasts or incongruities(不调和) synonyms see FANTASTIC

bilk

[bilk] v.躲债；骗取 To bilk someone out of something, especially money, means to cheat them out of it. (AM INFORMAL) = cheat 1 : to block the free development of : FRUSTRATE <fate bilks their hopes> 2 a : to cheat out of something valuable : DEFRAUD(欺骗) b : to evade payment of or to <bilks his creditors> 3 : to slip away from <bilked her pursuers>

bureaucracy

[bjuə'rɔkrəsi] n.官僚政治 A bureaucracy is an administrative system operated by a large number of officials. Bureaucracy refers to all the rules and procedures followed by government departments and similar organizations, especially when you think that these are complicated and cause long delays.

blight

[blait] n.植物枯萎病；v.使...枯萎 You can refer to something as a blight when it causes great difficulties, and damages or spoils other things. This discriminatory policy has really been a blight on America... If something blights your life or your hopes, it damages and spoils them. If something blights an area, it spoils it and makes it unattractive. Blight is a disease which makes plants dry up and die.

blithe

[blaið] a.快乐的，无忧无虑的 You use blithe to indicate that something is done casually, without serious or careful thought.

bleak

[bli:k] a.寒冷的；阴沉的；阴郁的，暗淡的 If a situation is bleak, it is bad, and seems unlikely to improve. If you describe a place as bleak, you mean that it looks cold, empty, and unattractive. When the weather is bleak, it is cold, dull, and unpleasant. If someone looks or sounds bleak, they look or sound depressed, as if they have no hope or energy. 1 : exposed and barren and often windswept 2 : COLD, RAW <a bleak November evening> 3 a : lacking in warmth, life, or kindliness : GRIM(严厉的，冷酷的，令人害怕的) b : not hopeful or : DEPRESSING <a bleak outlook> c : severely simple or austere(朴素的) synonyms see DISMAL

braggadocio

[brægə'dəuʃiəu] n.吹牛大王；大吹大擂 1 : BRAGGART 吹牛的人 2 a : empty boasting b : arrogant pretension : COCKINESS(骄傲自大)

brand

[brænd] n.商标；烙印；v.在某事物上打烙印 A brand of something such as a way of thinking or behaving is a particular kind of it. = strain If someone is branded as something bad, people think they are that thing. = label

brat

[bræt] n.孩子；顽童 If you call someone, especially a child, a brat, you mean that he or she behaves badly or annoys you. (INFORMAL)

brash

[bræʃ] a.性急的；无礼的 If you describe someone or their behaviour as brash, you disapprove of them because you think that they are too confident and aggressive.

brawl

[brɔ:l] v./n.争吵，打架 A brawl is a rough or violent fight. If someone brawls, they fight in a very rough or violent way.

bravura

[brə'vjuərə] n.华美乐段；a.华美的；显示技巧的 If you say that someone is doing something with bravura, you mean that they are using unnecessary extra actions that emphasize their skill or importance. (LITERARY) A bravura performance or piece of work is done with bravura. (LITERARY) 1 : a musical passage requiring exceptional agility and technical skill in execution 2 : a florid brilliant style 3 : a show of daring or brilliance

bravado

[brə'vɑ:dəu] n.故作勇敢，虚张声势 Bravado is an appearance of courage or confidence that someone shows in order to impress other people.

brochure

[brəu'ʃjuə] n.小册子，说明书 A brochure is a magazine or thin book with pictures that gives you information about a product or service.

broach

[brəutʃ] v.开瓶；提出(讨论) When you broach a subject, especially a sensitive one, you mention it in order to start a discussion on it.

brunt

[brʌnt] n.主要冲击力或影响 To bear the brunt or take the brunt of something unpleasant means to suffer the main part or force of it. 1 : the principal force, shock, or stress (as of an attack) 2 : the greater part : BURDEN

brusque

[brʌsk] a.唐突的，鲁莽的 If you describe a person or their behaviour as brusque, you mean that they deal with things, or say things, quickly and shortly, so that they seem to be rude.= abrupt 1 : markedly short and abrupt 2 : blunt in manner or speech often to the point of ungracious harshness synonyms see BLUFF

buoy

[bɔi] n.浮标；救生圈；v.支持，鼓励 If someone in a difficult situation is buoyed by something, it makes them feel more cheerful and optimistic.

bombastic

[bɔm'bæstik] a.夸夸其谈的 If you describe someone as bombastic, you are criticizing them for trying to impress other people by saying things that sound impressive but have little meaning.= pompous(夸大的)

bourgeois

[bə'dʒɔis] a.中产阶级的；自私拜物的 If you describe people, their way of life, or their attitudes as bourgeois, you disapprove of them because you consider them typical of conventional middle-class people. 2 : marked by a concern for material interests and respectability and a tendency toward mediocrity(平庸) 3 : dominated by commercial and industrial interests : CAPITALISTIC 2 : a person with social behavior and political views held to be influenced by private-property interest : CAPITALIST

burlesque

[bə:'lesk] n.讽刺或滑稽的戏剧 A burlesque is a performance or a piece of writing that makes fun of something by copying it in an exaggerated way. You can also use burlesque to refer to a situation in real life that is like this.

bolt

[bəult] v.急逃(to dash out, dart)螺栓，门栓 If a person or animal bolts, they suddenly start to run very fast, often because something has frightened them. If you bolt your food, you eat it so quickly that you hardly chew it or taste it. If someone is sitting or standing bolt upright, they are sitting or standing very straight.

boast

[bəust] v./n.自夸 If someone boasts about something that they have done or that they own, they talk about it very proudly, in a way that other people may find irritating or offensive.

buffoon

[bʌ'fu:n] n.演出时的丑角；粗俗而愚蠢的人 If you call someone a buffoon, you mean that they often do foolish things. (OLD-FASHIONED) = clown

bud

[bʌd] n.芽；花蕾 If you nip something such as bad behaviour in the bud, you stop it before it can develop very far. (INFORMAL)

budge

[bʌdʒ] v.移动一点儿；改变立场 If someone will not budge on a matter, or if nothing budges them, they refuse to change their mind or to come to an agreement. If someone or something will not budge, they will not move. If you cannot budge them, you cannot make them move.

?buck

[bʌk] v.反对；n.雄鹿；雄兔 If you buck the trend, you obtain different results from others in the same area. If you buck the system, you get what you want by breaking or ignoring the rules.

bulk

[bʌlk] n.体积；数量；大多数；大身躯 You can refer to something's bulk when you want to emphasize that it is very large. (WRITTEN) You can refer to a large person's body or to their weight or size as their bulk. The bulk of something is most of it.= majority If you buy or sell something in bulk, you buy or sell it in large quantities.

bust

[bʌst] n.半身(雕)像使 vt. 爆裂, 使破产 a.破了产的, 损坏了的,垮了的 A bust is a statue of the head and shoulders of a person. A company or fund that is bust has no money left and has been forced to close down. (INFORMAL BUSINESS) If you bust something, you break it or damage it so badly that it cannot be used. (INFORMAL) If police bust a place, they go to it in order to arrest people who are doing something illegal. (INFORMAL) If someone is busted, the police arrest them. (INFORMAL)

butt

[bʌt] v.用头抵撞，顶撞；n.粗大的一端；烟蒂 If a person or animal butts you, they hit you with the top of their head. The butt or the butt end of a weapon or tool is the thick end of its handle. If someone or something is the butt of jokes or criticism, people often make fun of them or criticize them. = target

dynamic

[dai'næmik] a.动态的；有活力的 A dynamic process is one that constantly changes and progresses. If you describe someone as dynamic, you approve of them because they are full of energy or full of new and exciting ideas. The dynamics of a situation or group of people are the opposing forces within it that cause it to change. ...the dynamics of the social system

dysfunctional

[dis'fʌŋkʃənəl] a.功能失调的 1 : impaired or abnormal functioning <gastrointestinal dysfunction> 2 : abnormal or unhealthy interpersonal behavior or interaction within a group <family dysfunction>

dyspeptic

[dis'peptik] a. 消化不良的；郁闷的＝morose＝grouchy 【反】genial（adj 亲切的；快乐的 1 : INDIGESTION 2 : ill humor : DISGRUNTLEMENT

duplicity

[dju(:)'plisiti] n.欺骗，口是心非 If you accuse someone of duplicity, you mean that they are deceitful. (FORMAL)= deceit

duet

[dju:'et] n.二重唱 A duet is a piece of music sung or played by two people.

dune

[dju:n] n.沙丘 A dune is a hill of sand near the sea or in a desert.

dupe

[dju:p] n.易上当的人 If a person dupes you, they trick you into doing something or into believing something which is not true. ...a plot to dupe stamp collectors into buying fake rarities... A dupe is someone who is tricked by someone else.

duration

[djuə'reiʃən] n.持续的时间 If you say that something will happen for the duration, you mean that it will happen for as long as a particular situation continues.

duress

[djuə'res] n.胁迫 1 : forcible restraint or restriction 2 : compulsion by threat specifically : unlawful constraint

drought

[draut] n.干旱；干旱时期 1 : a period of dryness especially when prolonged specifically : one that causes extensive damage to crops or prevents their successful growth 2 : a prolonged or chronic shortage or lack of something expected or desired

dregs

[dregz] n.糟粕，沉淀废物 The dregs of a liquid are the last drops left at the bottom of a container, together with any solid bits that have sunk to the bottom. If you talk about the dregs of society or of a community, you mean the people in it who you consider to be the most worthless and bad.

drench

[drentʃ] v.使湿透 To drench something or someone means to make them completely wet. 2 a : something that drenches b : a quantity sufficient to drench or saturate b : to administer a drench to (an animal)

drill

[dril] n.钻；钻床 If you drill people, you teach them to do something by making them repeat it many times. A drill is repeated training for a group of people, especially soldiers, so that they can do something quickly and efficiently.

drawl

[drɔ:l] v./n.慢吞吞地说话（态度） intransitive verb : to speak slowly with vowels greatly prolonged transitive verb : to utter in a slow lengthened tone : a drawling manner of speaking

dross

[drɔs] n.浮渣；糟粕 If you describe something as dross, you mean that it is of very poor quality or has no value. (LITERARY)= rubbish I go through phases where everything I write is just dross.

drone

[drəun] v.嗡嗡地响，单调地说；n.单调的低音 If something drones, it makes a low, continuous, dull noise. If you say that someone drones, you mean that they keep talking about something in a boring way.

drove

[drəuv] n.畜群；人群 1 : a group of animals driven or moving in a body 2 : a large number : CROWD usually used in plural especially with in <tourists arriving in droves> <stayed away in droves>

dwarf

[dwɔ:f] n.侏儒；矮小的植物；v.使变矮小 If one person or thing is dwarfed by another, the second is so much bigger than the first that it makes them look very small. The US air travel market dwarfs that of Britain. Dwarf is used to describe varieties or species of plants and animals which are much smaller than the usual size for their kind. ...dwarf shrubs. In children's stories, a dwarf is an imaginary creature that is like a small man. Dwarfs often have magical powers. In former times, people who were much smaller than normal were called dwarfs. (OFFENSIVE, OLD-FASHIONED)

duct

[dʌkt] n.管道，槽 A duct is a pipe, tube, or channel which carries a liquid or gas. ...a big air duct in the ceiling. A duct is a tube in your body which carries a liquid such as tears or bile.

dull

[dʌl] a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝 1 : mentally slow : STUPID 2 a : slow in perception or sensibility : INSENSIBLE <somewhat dull of hearing> b : lacking zest or vivacity : LISTLESS <a dull performance> 3 : slow in action : SLUGGISH 4 a : lacking in force, intensity, or sharpness <a dull ache> b : not resonant or ringing <a dull booming sound> 5 : lacking sharpness of edge or point <a dull knife> 6 : lacking brilliance or luster <a dull finish> 8 : CLOUDY <dull weather> 9 : TEDIOUS, UNINTERESTING <dull lectures>

jade

[dʒeid] n.疲惫的老马；玉，翡翠 noun 1 : a broken-down, vicious(堕落的), or worthless horse 2 a : a disreputable(品格不端的) woman b : a flirtatious(调情的) girl transitive verb 1 a : to wear out by overwork or abuse b : to tire or dull through repetition or excess intransitive verb : to become weary or dulled noun 1 : either of two tough compact typically green gemstones that take a high polish: a : JADEITE(翡翠) b : NEPHRITE(软玉) 2 : a sculpture or artifact of jade 3 : JADE GREEN(翠绿色)

jest

[dʒest] v./n.说笑，玩笑 1 : an utterance (as a jeer or quip) intended to be taken as mockery or humor 2 a : PRANK(恶作剧) b : a ludicrous(荒唐可笑的) circumstance or incident 3 a : a frivolous(轻率的) mood or manner <spoken in jest> b : gaiety(快乐) and merriment(笑声) 4 : LAUGHINGSTOCK JEST implies lack of earnestness in what is said or done and may suggest a hoaxing(愚弄) or teasing <hurt by remarks said only in jest>.

jeer

[dʒiə] v.嘲笑 intransitive verb : to speak or cry out with derision or mockery transitive verb : to deride(嘲弄) with jeers(讥讽) : TAUNT synonyms see SCOFF synonyms SCOFF, JEER, GIBE, FLEER, SNEER, FLOUT mean to show one's contempt in derision or mockery. SCOFF stresses insolence(傲慢), disrespect, or incredulity(深疑) as motivating the derision(嘲弄) <scoffed at their concerns>. JEER suggests a coarser more undiscriminating(不加区别的) derision <the crowd jeered at the prisoners>.

coerce

[kəu'ə:s] v.强迫；压制 If you coerce someone into doing something, you make them do it, although they do not want to. (FORMAL) = pressurize 1 : to restrain or dominate by force <religion in the past has tried to coerce the irreligious > 2 : to compel to an act or choice <was coerced into agreeing> 3 : to achieve by force or threat <coerce compliance> synonyms see FORCE

coercion

[kəu'ə:ʃən] n.强制，高压统治 Coercion is the act or process of persuading someone forcefully to do something that they do not want to do. : the act, process, or power of coercing

coagulation

[kəu`ægju'leiʃən] n.凝固

code

[kəud] n.密码；法典；v.将某事物编写成密码 A code is a set of rules about how people should behave or about how something must be done. ...Article 159 of the Turkish penal code. A code is a group of numbers or letters which is used to identify something, such as a postal address or part of a telephone system. A code is any system of signs or symbols that has a meaning. To code something means to give it a code or to mark it with its code.

coax

[kəuks] v.哄诱，巧言诱哄 If you coax someone into doing something, you gently try to persuade them to do it. If you coax something such as information out of someone, you gently persuade them to give it to you. 2 : to influence or gently urge by caressing or flattering : WHEEDLE <coaxed him into going> 3 : to draw, gain, or persuade by means of gentle urging or flattery <unable to coax an answer out of him> 4 : to manipulate with great perseverance and usually with considerable effort toward a desired state or activity <coax a fire to burn>

cone

[kəun] n.松果；圆锥体

limb

[lim] n.肢(手或脚)，翼 Your limbs are your arms and legs. The limbs of a tree are its branches. (LITERARY) If someone goes out on a limb, they do something they strongly believe in even though it is risky or extreme, and is likely to fail or be criticized by other people. -out on a limb : in an exposed or dangerous position with little chance of retreat 3 : an active member or agent 4 : EXTENSION, BRANCH 5 : a mischievous child

limn

[lim] v.描写；画 1 : to draw or paint on a surface 2 : to outline in clear sharp detail : DELINEATE 3 : DESCRIBE <the novel limns the frontier life of the settlers>

limp

[limp] v.跛行；a.软弱的，松软的 1 a : to walk lamely especially : to walk favoring one leg b : to go unsteadily : FALTER(蹒跚；颤抖) 2 : to proceed slowly or with difficulty <the ship limped back to port>

lint

[lint] n.绷带用麻布，皮棉 1 a : a soft fleecy material made from linen usually by scraping b : fuzz consisting especially of fine ravelings and short fibers of yarn and fabric 2 : a fibrous coat of thick convoluted hairs borne by cotton seeds that yields the cotton staple

linguistic

[liŋ'gwistik] a.语言的 : of or relating to language or linguistics

linguistics

[liŋ'gwistiks] n.语言学 : the study of human speech including the units, nature, structure, and modification of language

leer

[liə] v.斜眼看，送秋波 : to cast a sidelong glance especially : to give a leer : a lascivious(好色的), knowing, or wanton(淫乱的) look

loop

[lu:p] n.圈，金属线圈 1.noun: A loop is a curved or circular shape in something long, for example in a piece of string. 2.intransitive verb: If you loop something such as a piece of rope around an object, you tie a length of it in a loop around the object, for example in order to fasten it to the object. If something loops somewhere, it goes there in a circular direction that makes the shape of a loop. If someone is in the loop, they are part of a group of people who make decisions about important things, or they know about these decisions. If they are out of the loop, they do not make or know about important decisions. (mainly AM INFORMAL)

?lag

[læg] v.落后，滞留 If one thing or person lags behind another thing or person, their progress is slower than that of the other. A time lag or a lag of a particular length of time is a period of time between one event and another related event. If you lag the inside of a roof, a pipe, or a water tank, you cover it with a special material in order to prevent heat escaping from it or to prevent it from freezing. (mainly BRIT)

lambaste

[læm'beist] v.痛打；痛骂 1 : to assault violently : BEAT, WHIP 2 : to attack verbally : CENSURE(责难，谴责) <critics lambasted his performance>

lampoon

[læm'pu:n] n.讽刺文章；v.讽刺 noun : SATIRE 1 : a literary work holding up human vices and follies(时事讽刺剧) to ridicule or scorn specifically : a harsh satire usually directed against an individual transitive verb : to make the subject of a lampoon : RIDICULE

lope

[ləup] n.轻快的步伐；v.使大步慢跑；跳跃 noun 1 : an easy natural gait(步法) of a horse resembling a canter(慢跑) 2 : an easy usually bounding(跳跃的) gait capable of being sustained for a long time intransitive verb : to move or ride at a lope

loathe

[ləuð] v.憎恨，厌恶 transitive verb : to dislike greatly and often with disgust or intolerance : DETEST

loath

[ləuθ] a.不情愿的，勉强的 : unwilling to do something contrary to one's ways of thinking : RELUCTANT

luxuriant

[lʌg'zjuəriənt] a.繁茂的；肥沃的 1 a : yielding abundantly : FERTILE, FRUITFUL b : characterized by abundant growth : LUSH <luxuriant vegetation> 2 : abundantly and often extravagantly rich and varied : PROLIFIC 3 : characterized by luxury : LUXURIOUS <a luxuriant fabric> synonyms see PROFUSE

luxurious

[lʌg'zjuəriəs] a.奢侈的，豪华的 1 : LECHEROUS(好色的；淫荡的) 2 : marked by or given to self-indulgence <luxurious tastes> <luxurious feeling> 3 : of, relating to, or marked by luxury <luxurious accommodations> 4 : of the finest and richest kind <luxurious cashmeres(开士米)> <a luxurious chocolate sauce> synonyms see SENSUOUS

enflame

[en'fleim] v.使愤怒或激动 transitive verb 1 a : to excite to excessive or uncontrollable action or feeling especially : to make angry b : to make more heated or violent : INTENSIFY <insults served only to inflame the feud(宿怨)> 2 : to set on fire : KINDLE 3 : to cause to redden or grow hot from anger or excitement <a face inflamed with passion> 4 : to cause inflammation in (bodily tissue) intransitive verb 1 : to burst into flame 2 : to become excited or angered 3 : to become affected with inflammation

encomiast

[en'kəumiæst] n.赞美者 : one that praises : EULOGIST

encomium

[en'kəumjəm] n.赞颂，颂辞 : glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise also : an expression of this

encyclopedia

[en`saikləu'pi:diə] n.百科全书

efface

[i'feis] v.擦掉，抹去 To efface something means to destroy or remove it so that it cannot be seen any more. (FORMAL) Someone who is self-effacing does not like talking about themselves or drawing attention to themselves. 1 : to eliminate or make indistinct by or as if by wearing away a surface <coins with dates effaced by wear> also : to cause to vanish <daylight effaced the stars> 2 : to make (oneself) modestly or shyly inconspicuous

egregious

[i'gri:dʒəs] a.(缺点等)过分的，惊人的 Egregious means very bad indeed. (FORMAL)= grievous ...the most egregious abuses of human rights. 2 : CONSPICUOUS(显著的) especially : conspicuously bad : FLAGRANT(臭名昭彰的) <egregious errors> <egregious padding of the evidence>

ecologist

[i'kɔlədʒist] n.生态学家，生态学者

elated

[i'leitid] a.得意洋洋的，振奋的 If you are elated, you are extremely happy and excited because of something that has happened. = euphoric I was elated that my second heart bypass had been successful... : marked by high spirits : EXULTANT

eliminate

[i'limineit] v.除去，淘汰 transitive verb 1 a : to put an end to or get rid of : REMOVE, ERADICATE <the need to eliminate poverty> <eliminate errors> b : to remove from consideration <cannot yet eliminate him as a suspect> c : to remove from further competition by defeating <the team was eliminated in the first round of the playoffs> 2 : to expel (as waste) from the living body 3 : to cause (as an unknown) to disappear by combining two or more mathematical equations intransitive verb : to expel waste from the living body

ellipsis

[i'lipsis] n.省略 1 a : the omission of one or more words that are obviously understood but that must be supplied to make a construction grammatically complete b : a sudden leap from one topic to another 2 : marks or a mark (as...) indicating an omission (as of words) or a pause

elliptical

[i'liptikəl] a.椭圆的；晦涩的；省略的 Something that is elliptical has the shape of an ellipse. (FORMAL) ...the moon's elliptical orbit... Elliptical references to something are indirect rather than clear. (FORMAL)= oblique ...elliptical references to problems best not aired in public. 2 a : of, relating to, or marked by ellipsis or an ellipsis b (1) : of, relating to, or marked by extreme economy of speech or writing (2) : of or relating to deliberate obscurity(晦涩) (as of literary or conversational style)

elicit

[i'lisit] v.引出，探出 If you elicit a response or a reaction, you do or say something which makes other people respond or react. If you elicit a piece of information, you get it by asking the right questions. (FORMAL) 1 : to draw forth or bring out (something latent or potential) <hypnotism elicited his hidden fears> 2 : to call forth or draw out (as information or a response) <her remarks elicited cheers>

elude

[i'lju:d] v.逃避；搞不清 If something that you want eludes you, you fail to obtain it. If you elude someone or something, you avoid them or escape from them If a fact or idea eludes you, you do not succeed in understanding it, realizing it, or remembering it. = escape 1 : to avoid adroitly : EVADE <the mice eluded the traps> <managed to elude capture> 2 : to escape the perception, understanding, or grasp of <subtlety simply eludes them> <victory continued to elude us> 3 : DEFY 4 <it eludes explanation> synonyms see ESCAPE

elucidate

[i'lju:sideit] v.阐明，说明 If you elucidate something, you make it clear and easy to understand. (FORMAL)= clarify Haig went on to elucidate his personal principle of war... transitive verb : to make lucid especially by explanation or analysis <elucidate a text> intransitive verb : to give a clarifying explanation

elusive

[i'lju:siv] a.难懂的 Something or someone that is elusive is difficult to find, describe, remember, or achieve. : tending to elude: as a : tending to evade grasp or pursuit <elusive prey> b : hard to comprehend or define <an elusive concept> c : hard to isolate or identify <a haunting elusive aroma>

elaborate

[i'læbərət] a.精致的，复杂的；v.详尽地说明，阐明 1 : planned or carried out with great care <took elaborate precautions> 2 : marked by complexity, fullness of detail, or ornateness <elaborate prose(散文)> transitive verb 1 : to produce by labor 2 : to build up (as complex organic compounds) from simple ingredients 3 : to work out in detail : DEVELOP <elaborate a theory> intransitive verb 1 : to become elaborate 2 : to expand something in detail <would you care to elaborate on that statement>

emaciate

[i'meiʃieit] v.使...瘦弱；消瘦 intransitive verb : to waste away(消瘦) physically transitive verb 1 : to cause to lose flesh so as to become very thin <cattle emaciated by illness> 2 : to make feeble(衰弱的)

emend

[i'mend] v.订正，校订 : to correct usually by textual alterations <emended the manuscript>

emit

[i'mit] v.放射(光、热、味等) 1 a : to throw or give off or out (as light or heat) b : to send out : EJECT 2 a : to issue with authority especially : to put (as money) into circulation 3 : to give utterance or voice to <emitted a groan(呻吟)>

emancipate

[i'mænsipeit] v.解放，解除 If people are emancipated, they are freed from unpleasant or unfair social, political, or legal restrictions. (FORMAL)= liberate 1 : to set at liberty : FREE specifically : to free (as a country) from domination by a foreign power 2 : to free from combination <liberate the gas by adding acid> 3 : to take or take over illegally or unjustly <material liberated from a nearby construction site>

emollient

[i'mɔliənt] n.润肤剂 An emollient is a liquid or cream which you put on your skin to make it softer or to reduce pain. (FORMAL) 2 : making less intense or harsh : MOLLIFYING <soothe us in our agonies with emollient words>

emergency

[i'mə:dʒnsi] n.紧急事件 1 : an unforeseen combination of circumstances or the resulting state that calls for immediate action 2 : an urgent need for assistance or relief <the governor declared a state of emergency after the flood> synonyms see JUNCTURE

emote

[i'məut] v.激动地表达感情 : to give expression to emotion especially in acting

inept

[i'nept] a.无能的；不适当的 1 : lacking in fitness or aptitude(才能，资质) : UNFIT <inept at sports> 2 : lacking sense or reason : FOOLISH 3 : not suitable to the time, place, or occasion : inappropriate often to an absurd degree <an inept metaphor> 4 : generally incompetent : BUNGLING(笨拙的) <inept leadership> synonyms see AWKWARD AWKWARD is widely applicable and may suggest unhandiness, inconvenience, lack of muscular control, embarrassment, or lack of tact <periods of awkward silence>.

iniquitous

[i'nikwitəs] a.邪恶的，不公正的 If you describe something as iniquitous, you mean that it is very unfair or morally bad. (FORMAL) : characterized by iniquity

inimical

[i'nimikl] a.敌意的，不友善的 1 : being adverse often by reason of hostility or malevolence(恶意，狠毒) <forces inimical to democracy> 2 a : having the disposition of an enemy : HOSTILE <inimical factions> b : reflecting or indicating hostility : UNFRIENDLY <his father's inimical glare>

initiate

[i'niʃieit] v.发起，创始；接纳或介绍某人加入某团体等 transitive verb 1 : to cause or facilitate the beginning of : set going <initiate a program of reform> <enzymes that initiate fermentation> 2 : to induct(吸收) into membership by or as if by special rites(仪式) 3 : to instruct in the rudiments(基本原理) or principles of something : INTRODUCE synonyms see BEGIN INITIATE implies taking a first step in a process or series that is to continue <initiated diplomatic contacts>.

initiative

[i'niʃiətiv] n.主动；首创精神 adjective: of or relating to initiation : INTRODUCTORY, PRELIMINARY noun 1 : an introductory step <took the initiative in attempting to settle the issue> 2 : energy or aptitude(天资,天赋) displayed in initiation of action : ENTERPRISE <showed great initiative> 3 a : the right to initiate legislative action b : a procedure enabling a specified number of voters by petition(请愿) to propose a law and secure its submission to the electorate(合格选举人) or to the legislature for approval

initial

[i'niʃəl] a.开始的，最初的；n.(姓名的)首字母 1 : of or relating to the beginning : INCIPIENT(初期的；开始的) <his initial reaction> 2 : placed at the beginning : FIRST <the initial word of the verse(诗歌)> noun 1 a : the first letter of a name b plural : the first letter of each word in a full name <found that their initials were identical> 2 : a large letter beginning a text or a division or paragraph 3 : ANLAGE, PRECURSOR specifically : a meristematic cell

enumerate

[i'nju:məreit] v.列举，枚举 When you enumerate a list of things, you name each one in turn.= itemize I enumerate the work that will have to be done. 1 : to ascertain the number of : COUNT 2 : to specify one after another : LIST

inured

[i'njuəd] a.习惯的 If you are inured to something unpleasant, you have become used to it so that it no longer affects you. (FORMAL) inure [i'njuəd] v.习惯 transitive verb : to accustom to accept something undesirable <children inured to violence> intransitive verb : to become of advantage <policies that inure to the benefit of employees>

enact

[i'nækt] v.制定(法律)；扮演(角色) When a government or authority enacts a proposal, they make it into a law. (TECHNICAL) If people enact a story or play, they perform it by acting. If a particular event or situation is enacted, it happens\ used especially to talk about something that has happened before. (JOURNALISM) It was a scene which was enacted month after month for eight years.

enamored

[i'næməd] a.珍爱的，喜爱的 enarmor 1 : to inflame with love usually used in the passive with of 2 : to cause to feel a strong or excessive interest or fascination usually used in the passive with of or with <baseball fans enamored of statistics>

enormity

[i'nɔ:miti] n.极恶；暴行；巨大 1 : an outrageous, improper, vicious, or immoral act <the enormities of state power - Susan Sontag> <other enormities too juvenile to mention -Richard Freedman> 2 : the quality or state of being immoderate, monstrous, or outrageous especially : great wickedness <the enormity of the crimes committed during the Third Reich> 3 : the quality or state of being huge : IMMENSITY <the inconceivable enormity of the universe> 4 : a quality of momentous importance or impact <the enormity of the decision>

enormous

[i'nɔ:məs] a.极大的，巨大的 b : exceedingly wicked : SHOCKING <an enormous sin> 2 : marked by extraordinarily great size, number, or degree especially : exceeding usual bounds or accepted notions

encounter

[in'kauntə] v.遭遇 transitive verb 1 a : to meet as an adversary or enemy b : to engage in conflict with 2 : to come upon face-to-face 3 : to come upon or experience especially unexpectedly <encounter difficulties> intransitive verb : to meet especially by chance noun. 1 : a meeting between hostile factions or persons : a sudden often violent clash <an encounter between the police and demonstrators> 2 a : a chance meeting <an accidental encounter> b : a particular kind of meeting or experience with another person <a romantic encounter> 3 : a coming into the vicinity of a celestial body <the Martian encounter of a spacecraft>

enclosure

[in'kləuʒə] n.圈地，围占 An enclosure is an area of land that is surrounded by a wall or fence and that is used for a particular purpose. 1 : the act or action of enclosing : the quality or state of being enclosed 2 : something that encloses 3 : something enclosed <a letter with two enclosures>

encompass

[in'kʌmpəs] v.包围，围绕 1 a : to form a circle about : ENCLOSE 2 a : ENVELOP b : INCLUDE, COMPREHEND <a plan that encompasses a number of aims> 3 : BRING ABOUT, ACCOMPLISH <encompass a task>

enlighten

[in'laitn] v.启发，开导，教导，授予...知识 To enlighten someone means to give them more knowledge and greater understanding about something. (FORMAL) 2 a : to furnish knowledge to : INSTRUCT <enlightened us about the problem> b : to give spiritual insight to

enliven

[in'laivən] v.使...更活跃 To enliven events, situations, or people means to make them more lively or cheerful. : to give life, action, or spirit to : ANIMATE <fresh flowers enliven the room> synonyms see QUICKEN

enlist

[in'list] v.(使)入伍从军，征募 If someone enlists or is enlisted, they join the army, navy, marines, or air force. If you enlist the help of someone, you persuade them to help or support you in doing something. transitive verb 1 a : to secure the support and aid of : employ in advancing an interest <enlist all the available resources> <enlisted our help> b : to win over : ATTRACT <trying to enlist my sympathies> intransitive verb 2 : to participate heartily (as in a cause, drive, or crusade)

enmesh

[in'meʃ] v.通常被动)绊住，陷入网 : to catch or entangle in or as if in meshes <deeply enmeshed in the plot>

enrage

[in'reidʒ] v.激怒，触怒 If you are enraged by something, it makes you extremely angry. : to fill with rage : ANGER

enrapture

[in'ræptʃə] v.使狂喜，使高兴 If something or someone enraptures you, you think they are wonderful or fascinating. (LITERARY) = enchant : to fill with delight

lessen the amount of sth available <Already the children had made considerable inroads on the food.> Time consumed from the beginning: 02:05:02:6 insatiable

[in'seiʃəbl] a.不能满足的，贪心的 : incapable of being satisfied : QUENCHLESS <had an insatiable desire for wealth>

insentient

[in'senʃənt] a.无知觉的，无生命的 : lacking perception, consciousness, or animation

insignia

[in'signiə] n.徽章，袖章 1 : a badge of authority or honor 2 : a distinguishing mark or sign insincerity [`insin'seriti] n.伪善 insincere adjective. : not sincere : HYPOCRITICAL(虚伪的；伪善的)

insinuate

[in'sinjueit] v.暗指，暗示 transitive verb 1 a : to introduce (as an idea) gradually or in a subtle, indirect, or covert(隐蔽的,偷偷摸摸的) way <insinuate doubts into a trusting mind> b : to impart(告知，透露) or suggest in an artful or indirect way : IMPLY <I resent(憎恶) what you're insinuating> 2 : to introduce (as oneself) by stealthy(隐密的), smooth, or artful means synonyms see INTRODUCE, SUGGEST INSINUATE implies introducing gradually or by gentle pressure <insinuated himself into the group>.

insipid

[in'sipid] a.乏味的，枯燥的 1 : lacking taste or savor(滋味) : TASTELESS <insipid food> 2 : lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate, or challenge : DULL, FLAT <insipid prose>

ensue

[in'sju:] v.继而发生 transitive verb : to strive to attain : PURSUE <I wander, seeking peace, and ensuing it -Rupert Brooke> intransitive verb : to take place afterward or as a result synonyms see FOLLOW

empower

[im'pauə] v.授权给某人采取行动 1 : to give official authority or legal power to <empowered her attorney to act on her behalf> 2 : a : to provide with the means or opportunity <training that empowers people to earn a living> 3 : to promote the self-actualization or influence of <women's movement has been inspiring and empowering women>

endow

[in'dau] v.资助，捐助 You say that someone is endowed with a particular desirable ability, characteristic, or possession when they have it by chance or by birth. If you endow something with a particular feature or quality, you provide it with that feature or quality.= imbue 1 : to furnish with an income especially : to make a grant of money providing for the continuing support or maintenance of <endow a hospital> 2 : to furnish with a dower 3 : to provide with something freely or naturally <endowed with a good sense of humor>

endearing

[in'diəriŋ] a.讨人喜欢的 If you describe someone's behaviour as endearing, you mean that it causes you to feel very fond of them. endear: 2 : to cause to become beloved or admired <her generosity has endeared her to the public>

induce

[in'dju:s] v.诱导；引起 1 a : to move by persuasion or influence b : to call forth or bring about by influence or stimulation 2 a : EFFECT, CAUSE b : to cause the formation of c : to produce (as an electric current) by induction 3 : to determine by induction specifically : to infer from particulars

endure

[in'djuə] v.忍受，忍耐 If you endure a painful or difficult situation, you experience it and do not avoid it or give up, usually because you cannot. If something endures, it continues to exist without any loss in quality or importance. = persist transitive verb 1 : to undergo (as a hardship) especially without giving in : SUFFER <endured great pain> 2 : to regard with acceptance or tolerance <could not endure noisy children> intransitive verb 1 : to continue in the same state : LAST <the style endured for centuries> 2 : to remain firm under suffering or misfortune without yielding <though it is difficult, we must endure>

induct

[in'dʌkt] v.使就职；使入伍 1 : to put in formal possession (as of a benefice or office) : INSTALL <was inducted as president of the college> 2 a : to admit as a member <inducted into a scholastic society> b : INTRODUCE, INITIATE c : to enroll for military training or service (as under a selective service act) 3 : LEAD, CONDUCT

indulge

[in'dʌldʒ] v.放纵；满足 transitive verb 1 a : to give free rein to b : to take unrestrained pleasure in : GRATIFY 2 a : to yield to the desire of : HUMOR <please indulge me for a moment> b : to treat with excessive leniency(宽大，仁慈), generosity, or consideration intransitive verb : to indulge oneself

industrious

[in'dʌstriəs] a.勤劳的，勤勉的 2 : constantly, regularly, or habitually active or occupied : DILIGENT <an industrious worker> synonyms see BUSY INDUSTRIOUS implies characteristic or habitual devotion to work <industrious employees>.

injection

[in'dʒekʃən] n.注射；注射剂 1 a : an act or instance of injecting b : the placing of an artificial satellite or a spacecraft into an orbit or on a trajectory also : the time or place at which injection occurs 2 : something (as a medication) that is injected 3 : a mathematical function that is a one-to-one mapping An injection of money or resources into an organization is the act of providing it with more money or resources, to help it become more efficient or profitable. (BUSINESS)

engender

[in'dʒendə] v.产生，引起 If someone or something engenders a particular feeling, atmosphere, or situation, they cause it to occur. (FORMAL) transitive verb 1 : BEGET(招致), PROCREATE(生育) 2 : to cause to exist or to develop : PRODUCE <policies that have engendered controversy> intransitive verb : to assume form : ORIGINATE

ingenuous

[in'dʒenjuəs] a.纯朴的，单纯的 2 a : showing innocent or childlike simplicity and candidness <her ingenuous thirst for experience - Christopher Rawson> b : lacking craft or subtlety <ingenuous in their brutality>

ingest

[in'dʒest] v.咽下，吞下 : to take in for or as if for digestion When animals or plants ingest a substance, they take it into themselves, for example by eating or absorbing it. (TECHNICAL)

ingestion

[in'dʒestʃən] n.摄取，吸收；容纳 : to take in for or as if for digestion

ingenious

[in'dʒi:njəs] a.聪明的，有发明天才的 2 : marked by especial aptitude at discovering, inventing, or contriving 3 : marked by originality, resourcefulness, and cleverness in conception or execution <an ingenious contraption(精巧的设计)>

injurious

[in'dʒuəriəs] a.有害的 1 : inflicting or tending to inflict injury : DETRIMENTAL <injurious to health> 2 : ABUSIVE, DEFAMATORY(诽谤的) <speak not injurious words - George Washington>

enjoin

[in'dʒɔin] v.命令，吩咐 1 : to direct or impose by authoritative order or with urgent admonition <enjoined us to be careful> 2 a : FORBID, PROHIBIT <was enjoined by conscience from telling a lie> b : to prohibit by a judicial order : put an injunction(禁止令) on <a book had been enjoined prior to publication>

injunction

[in'dʒʌŋkʃən] n.命令，强制令 1 : the act or an instance of enjoining(命令，吩咐) : ORDER, ADMONITION 2 : a writ(书面命令) granted by a court of equity whereby one is required to do or to refrain(避免) from doing a specified act

ineffable

[in'efəbl] a.妙不可言的 1 a : incapable of being expressed in words : INDESCRIBABLE <ineffable joy> b : UNSPEAKABLE <ineffable disgust> 2 : not to be uttered : TABOO(忌讳的) <the ineffable name of Jehovah>

inexplicable

[in'eksplikəbl] a.无法解释的 : incapable of being explained, interpreted, or accounted for <an inexplicable disappearance>

inexorable

[in'eksərəbl] a.不为所动的；坚决不变的 : not to be persuaded, moved, or stopped : RELENTLESS <inexorable progress>

inequity

[in'ekwiti] n.不公正，不公平 1 : INJUSTICE, UNFAIRNESS 2 : an instance of injustice or unfairness

infection

[in'fekʃən] n.传染，感染 1 : the act or result of affecting injuriously(伤害地，有害地) 2 : an infective agent or material contaminated with an infective agent 3 a : the state produced by the establishment of an infective agent in or on a suitable host b : a disease resulting from infection 4 : an act or process of infecting also : the establishment of a pathogen in its host after invasion 5 : the communication of emotions or qualities through example or contact

infest

[in'fest] v.骚扰，扰乱 1 : to spread or swarm(成群移动) in or over in a troublesome manner <a slum(贫民窟) infested with crime> <shark-infested waters> 2 : to live in or on as a parasite

infiltrate

[in'filtreit] v.渗透，渗入 transitive verb 1 : to cause (as a liquid) to permeate something by penetrating its pores or interstices 2 : to pass into or through (a substance) by filtering or permeating 3 : to pass (troops) singly or in small groups through gaps in the enemy line 4 : to enter or become established in gradually or unobtrusively(不引人注目地) usually for subversive (破坏性的) purposes <the intelligence staff had been infiltrated by spies> intransitive verb : to enter, permeate, or pass through a substance or area by filtering or by insinuating gradually

inflict

[in'flikt] v.遭受 1 : AFFLICT a : to distress so severely as to cause persistent suffering or anguish <infflicted with arthritis> b : TROUBLE, INJURE 2 a : to give by or as if by striking <inflict pain> b : to cause (something unpleasant) to be endured

infringe

[in'frindʒ] v.违反，侵害 transitive verb 1 : to encroach upon in a way that violates law or the rights of another <infringe a patentI(专利权)> intransitive verb : ENCROACH(侵占；蚕食) - used with on or upon <infringe on our rights> synonyms see TRESPASS

informed

[in'fɔ:md] a.见多识广的；消息灵通的 1 a : having information <informed sources> <informed observers> b : based on possession of information <an informed opinion> 2 : EDUCATED, KNOWLEDGEABLE <what the informed person should know>

infer

[in'fə:] v.推断，推定 transitive verb 1 : to derive as a conclusion from facts or premises <we see smoke and infer fire - L. A. White> - compare IMPLY 2 : GUESS, SURMISE(推测) <your letter allows me to infer that you are as well as ever - O. W. Holmes 1935> 3 a : to involve as a normal outcome of thought b : to point out : INDICATE <this doth infer the zeal I had to see him - Shakespeare> <another survey infers that two-thirds of all present computer installations are not paying for themselves - H. R. Chellman> 4 : SUGGEST, HINT <are you inferring I'm incompetent?> intransitive verb : to draw inferences <men have observed, inferred, and reasoned to all kinds of results - John Dewey>

infirm

[in'fə:m] a.虚弱的 1 : of poor or deteriorated vitality especially : feeble from age 2 : weak of mind, will, or character : IRRESOLUTE, VACILLATING(犹豫的，优柔寡断的) 3 : not solid or stable : INSECURE

inferno

[in'fə:nəu] n.火海，地狱般的场所 : a place or a state that resembles or suggests hell <the inferno of war> also : an intense fire : CONFLAGRATION <a raging inferno>

engaged

[in'geidʒd] a.忙碌的，使用中的 1 : involved in activity : OCCUPIED, BUSY 2 : pledged to be married : BETROTHED 3 : greatly interested : COMMITTED 4 : involved especially in a hostile encounter 5 : partly embedded in a wall <an engaged column> 6 : being in gear : MESHED

engaging

[in'geidʒiŋ] a.迷人的，美丽动人的 : tending to draw favorable attention or interest : ATTRACTIVE <an engaging smile>

ingrained

[in'greind] a.根深蒂固的 1 : worked into the grain or fiber 2 : forming a part of the essence or inmost being : DEEP-SEATED <ingrained prejudice>

engrave

[in'greiv] v.在(硬物)上雕刻 If you engrave something with a design or words, or if you engrave a design or words on it, you cut the design or words into its surface

ingratiate

[in'greiʃieit] v.逢迎，讨好 : to gain favor or favorable acceptance for by deliberate effort - usually used with with <ingratiate themselves with the community leaders - William Attwood>

inhibitor

[in'hibitə(r)] n.抑制剂 : one that inhibits: as a : an agent that slows or interferes with a chemical action b : a substance that reduces or suppresses the activity of another substance (as an enzyme)

inhabit

[in'hæbit] v.栖居于，占据 transitive verb 1 : to occupy as a place of settled residence or habitat : live in <inhabit a small house> 2 : to be present in or occupy in any manner or form <the human beings who inhabit this tale - Al Newman> intransitive verb archaic : to have residence in a place : DWELL

inhabitant

[in'hæbitənt] n.居民；栖息的动物 : one that occupies a particular place regularly, routinely, or for a period of time <inhabitants of large cities> <the tapeworm is an inhabitant of the intestine>

enhance

[in'hɒ:ns] v.提高，增加，改善 2 : HEIGHTEN, INCREASE especially : to increase or improve in value, quality, desirability, or attractiveness <enhanced the room with crown molding>

intransigent

[in'trænsidʒənt] a.不妥协的 : characterized by refusal to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude : UNCOMPROMISING <intransigent in their opposition> <an intransigent attitude> intrepid [in'trepid] a.无畏的，刚毅的 : characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude(勇气﹑坚韧和自制力), and endurance <an intrepid explorer>

entrance

[in'trɒ:ns] v.使出神，使入迷 If something or someone entrances you, they cause you to feel delight and wonder, often so that all your attention is taken up and you cannot think about anything else.= enchant As soon as I met Dick, he entranced me because he has a lovely voice... 1 : to put into a trance(恍惚) 2 : to carry away with delight, wonder, or rapture <we were entranced by the view>

entangle

[in'tæŋgl] v.使纠缠，卷入 1 a : to wrap or twist together : INTERWEAVE b : ENSNARE(诱入陷阶) 2 a : to involve in a perplexing or troublesome situation <became entangled in a lawsuit> b : to make complicated <the story is entangled with legends>

intoxicate

[in'tɔksikeit] v.(使)沉醉，(使)欣喜若狂；(使)喝醉 1 : POISON 2 a : to excite or stupefy(使失去知觉) by alcohol or a drug especially to the point where physical and mental control is markedly diminished b : to excite or elate to the point of enthusiasm or frenzy intractable [in'træktəbl] a.倔强的；难管的 1 : not easily governed, managed, or directed <intractable problems> 2 : not easily manipulated or wrought <intractable metal> 3 : not easily relieved or cured <intractable pain>

inter

[in'tə:] v.埋葬 : to deposit (a dead body) in the earth or in a tomb interaction [`intər'ækʃən] n.相互作用(影响) : mutual or reciprocal action or influence

clause

[klɔ:z] n.从句；(法律等)条款 A clause is a section of a legal document. 1 : a group of words containing a subject and predicate and functioning as a member of a complex or compound sentence 2 : a separate section of a discourse or writing specifically : a distinct article in a formal document

cabal

[kə'bæl] n.政治阴谋小集团 If you refer to a group of politicians or other people as a cabal, you are criticizing them because they meet and decide things secretly. 1 : the artifices and intrigues of a group of persons secretly united in a plot (as to overturn a government) also : a group engaged in such artifices and intrigues 2 : CLUB, GROUP <a cabal of artists>

cadet

[kə'det] n.军校或警官学校的学生 A cadet is a young man or woman who is being trained in the armed services or the police. 1 a : a younger brother or son b : youngest son c : a younger branch of a family or a member of it 2 : one in training for a military or naval commission especially : a student in a service academy

cajole

[kə'dʒəul] v.(以甜言蜜语)哄骗 If you cajole someone into doing something, you get them to do it after persuading them for some time. 2 : to deceive with soothing words or false promises synonyms CAJOLE, COAX, SOFT-SOAP, BLANDISH, WHEEDLE mean to influence or persuade by pleasing words or actions. CAJOLE suggests the deliberate use of flattery to persuade in the face of reluctance or reasonable objections <cajoled him into cheating on the final exam>. COAX implies gentle and persistent words or actions employed to produce a desired effect <coaxed the cat out of the tree>. SOFT-SOAP refers to using smooth and somewhat insincere talk usually for personal gain <politicians soft-soaping eligible voters>. BLANDISH implies a more open desire to win a person over by effusive praise and affectionate actions <legislators blandished with promises of support>. WHEEDLE suggests more strongly than cajole the use of seductive appeal or artful words in persuading <hucksters wheedling her life's savings out of her>. © 2005 Merriam-Webster, Incorporated

cocoon

[kə'ku:n] n.茧 If you are in a cocoon of something, you are wrapped up in it or surrounded by it. If you are living in a cocoon, you are in an environment in which you feel protected and safe, and sometimes isolated from everyday life. You cannot live in a cocoon and overlook these facts. If something cocoons you from something, it protects you or isolates you from it. There is nowhere to hide when things go wrong, no organisation to cocoon you from blame...

cacophonous

[kə'kɔfənəs] a.发音不和谐的，不协调的 If you describe a mixture of sounds as cacophonous, you mean that they are loud and unpleasant ≠ harmonious.

kaleidoscope

[kə'laidəskəup] n.万花筒；产生有趣的对称效果 2 : something resembling a kaleidoscope: as a : a variegated(杂色的，斑驳的) changing pattern or scene <a kaleidoscope of colors> b : a succession(连续) of changing phases or actions <a kaleidoscope of changing fashions> c : a diverse collection <a kaleidoscope of topics>

collected

[kə'lektid] a.泰然自若的 If you say that someone is collected, you mean that they are very calm and self-controlled, especially when they are in a difficult or serious situation. 1 : gathered together <the collected works of Scott> 2 : possessed of calmness and composure often through concentrated effort synonyms see COOL

collection

[kə'lekʃən] n.收藏品 A collection of things is a group of similar things that you have deliberately acquired, usually over a period of time. A collection of things is a group of things. A fashion designer's new collection consists of the new clothes they have designed for the next season. If you organize a collection for charity, you collect money from people to give to charity. 1 : the act or process of collecting 2 a : something collected especially : an accumulation of objects gathered for study, comparison, or exhibition or as a hobby b : GROUP, AGGREGATE c : a set of apparel(服装) designed for sale usually in a particular season

calligraphy

[kə'ligrəfi] n.书法 Calligraphy is the art of producing beautiful handwriting using a brush or a special pen.= Penmanship 3 : an ornamental line in drawing or painting

collision

[kə'liʒən] n.碰撞，冲突 A collision of cultures or ideas occurs when two very different cultures or people meet and conflict. = clash 1 : an act or instance of colliding : CLASH 2 : an encounter between particles (as atoms or molecules) resulting in exchange or transformation of energy synonyms see IMPACT

collude

[kə'lu:d] v.串通，共谋 If one person colludes with another, they co-operate with them secretly or illegally. : CONSPIRE, PLOT <colluded to keep prices high>

collaborate

[kə'læbəreit] v.合作，协作；通敌 When one person or group collaborates with another, they work together, especially on a book or on some research. If someone collaborates with an enemy that is occupying their country during a war, they help them. 1 : to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor 2 : to cooperate with or willingly assist an enemy of one's country and especially an occupying force 3 : to cooperate with an agency or instrumentality with which one is not immediately connected

calamity

[kə'læmiti] n.大灾祸，不幸之事 A calamity is an event that causes a great deal of damage, destruction, or personal distress. (FORMAL) = disaster 1 : a state of deep distress or misery caused by major misfortune or loss 2 : a disastrous event marked by great loss and lasting distress and suffering <calamities of nature> <an economic calamity>

?collapse

[kə'læps] v.坍塌，塌陷,虚脱，晕倒 If a building or other structure collapses, it falls down very suddenly. If something, for example a system or institution, collapses, it fails or comes to an end completely and suddenly. If you collapse, you suddenly faint or fall down because you are very ill or weak. If you collapse onto something, you sit or lie down suddenly because you are very tired.

collateral

[kə'lætərəl] a.平行的,旁系的,n.担保品 Collateral is money or property which is used as a guarantee that someone will repay a loan. (FORMAL) 1 a : accompanying as secondary or subordinate : CONCOMITANT(伴随的) <digress into collateral matters> b : INDIRECT c : serving to support or reinforce : ANCILLARY 2 : belonging to the same ancestral stock but not in a direct line of descent compare LINEAL 3 : parallel, coordinate, or corresponding in position, order, time, or significance <collateral states like Athens and Sparta> 4 a : of, relating to, or being collateral used as security (as for payment of a debt or performance of a contract) b : secured by collateral

collage

[kə'lɑ:ʒ] n.拼贴画 A collage is a picture that has been made by sticking pieces of coloured paper and cloth onto paper. 1 b : a creative work that resembles such a composition in incorporating various materials or elements <the album is a collage of several musical styles> 2 : the art of making collages 3 : HODGEPODGE(大杂烩) <a collage of ideas> 4 : a work (as a film) having disparate scenes in rapid succession

colossal

[kə'lɔsl] a.巨大的，庞大的 If you describe something as colossal, you are emphasizing that it is very large. 1 : of, relating to, or resembling a colossus 2 : of a bulk, extent, power, or effect approaching or suggesting the stupendous or incredible <colossal rock formations> 3 : of an exceptional or astonishing degree <a colossal failure> synonyms see ENORMOUS synonyms ENORMOUS, IMMENSE, HUGE, VAST, GIGANTIC, COLOSSAL, MAMMOTH mean exceedingly large. ENORMOUS and IMMENSE both suggest an exceeding of all ordinary bounds in size or amount or degree, but ENORMOUS often adds an implication of abnormality or monstrousness <an enormous expense> <an immense shopping mall>. HUGE commonly suggests an immensity of bulk or amount <incurred a huge debt>. VAST usually suggests immensity of extent <the vast Russian steppes>. GIGANTIC stresses the contrast with the size of others of the same kind <a gigantic sports stadium>. COLOSSAL applies especially to a human creation of stupendous or incredible dimensions <a colossal statue of Lincoln>. MAMMOTH suggests both hugeness and ponderousness of bulk <a mammoth boulder>.

colossus

[kə'lɔsəs] n.巨人；巨型雕像 If you describe someone or something as a colossus, you think that they are extremely important and great in ability or size. (JOURNALISM) A colossus is an extremely large statue. 1 : a statue of gigantic size and proportions 2 : a person or thing of immense size or power

colloquial

[kə'ləukwiəl] a.口语的，口头的 Colloquial words and phrases are informal and are used mainly in conversation. 1 : of or relating to conversation : CONVERSATIONAL 2 a : used in or characteristic of familiar and informal conversation also : unacceptably informal b : using conversational style

colloquium

[kə'ləukwiəm] n.学术讨论会 : a usually academic meeting at which specialists deliver addresses on a topic or on related topics and then answer questions relating to them

calumniate

[kə'lʌmnieit] v.诽谤，中伤 1 : to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or imputations about 2 : to injure the reputation of by calumny(诽谤中伤的话) synonyms see MALIGN

concession

[kən'seʃən] n.让步 If you make a concession to someone, you agree to let them do or have something, especially in order to end an argument or conflict. A concession is a special right or privilege that is given to someone. ...tax concessions for mothers who stay at home with their children. A concession is a special price which is lower than the usual price and which is often given to old people, students, and the unemployed. A concession is an arrangement where someone is given the right to sell a product or to run a business, especially in a building belonging to another business. (mainly AM BUSINESS, in BRIT, usually use franchise)

concede

[kən'si:d] v.承认(为正确)；让步 If you concede something to someone, you allow them to have it as a right or privilege.= cede If you concede something, you give it to the person who has been trying to get it from you. If you concede defeat, you accept that you have lost a struggle.= accept If you concede something, you admit, often unwillingly, that it is true or correct. He happily conceded the election.

conceal

[kən'si:l] v.隐藏，隐瞒 If you conceal something, you cover it or hide it carefully. If you conceal a piece of information or a feeling, you do not let other people know about it. If something conceals something else, it covers it and prevents it from being seen.

conceit

[kən'si:t] n.自负，自大 Conceit is very great pride in your abilities or achievements that other people feel is too great. = arrogance

conceive

[kən'si:v] v.想像，构想；怀孕 If you cannot conceive of something, you cannot imagine it or believe it. If you conceive something as a particular thing, you consider it to be that thing. If you conceive a plan or idea, you think of it and work out how it can be done. When a woman conceives, she becomes pregnant.

considerable

[kən'sidərəbl] a.相当多的；值得考虑的 1 : worth consideration : SIGNIFICANT <a considerable artist> 2 : large in extent or degree <a considerable number>

conciliate

[kən'silieit] v.安抚，驯服 If you conciliate someone, you try to end a disagreement with them. (FORMAL)

conciliatory

[kən'siliətəri] a.抚慰的，调和的 When you are conciliatory in your actions or behaviour, you show that you are willing to end a disagreement with someone.

confront

[kən'frʌnt] v.面临；对抗 If you are confronted with a problem, task, or difficulty, you have to deal with it. If you confront a difficult situation or issue, you accept the fact that it exists and try to deal with it. If you confront someone, you stand or sit in front of them, especially when you are going to fight, argue, or compete with them. If you confront someone with something, you present facts or evidence to them in order to accuse them of something.

conform

[kən'fɔ:m] (to)v.符合或遵守公认的规则 If something conforms to something such as a law or someone's wishes, it is of the required type or quality. If you conform, you behave in the way that you are expected or supposed to behave. Many children who can't or don't conform are often bullied... If someone or something conforms to a pattern or type, they are very similar to it.

conformity

[kən'fɔ:miti] n.一致，遵从；顺众 If something happens in conformity with something such as a law or someone's wishes, it happens as the law says it should, or as the person wants it to. Conformity means behaving in the same way as most other people.

confer

[kən'fə:] v.讨论，商谈；赠予 When you confer with someone, you discuss something with them in order to make a decision. You can also say that two people confer. To confer something such as power or an honour on someone means to give it to them. (FORMAL)

confirm

[kən'fə:m] v.证实，证明 1 : to give approval to : RATIFY <confirm a treaty> 2 : to make firm or firmer : STRENGTHEN <confirm one's resolve> 3 : to administer the rite of confirmation to 4 : to give new assurance of the validity of : remove doubt about by authoritative act or indisputable fact <confirm a rumor> <confirm an order>

conclusive

[kən'klu:siv] a.最后的，结论的；确凿的，消除怀疑的 Conclusive evidence shows that something is certainly true.

concomitant

[kən'kɔmitənt] a.& n. 伴随而来的 Concomitant is used to describe something that happens at the same time as another thing and is connected with it. (FORMAL) A concomitant of something is another thing that happens at the same time and is connected with it. (FORMAL)

concur

[kən'kə:] v.意见相同，一致 If one person concurs with another person, the two people agree. You can also say that two people concur. (FORMAL) 1 : to act together to a common end or single effect 2 a : APPROVE <concur in a statement> b : to express agreement <concur with an opinion> 4 : to happen together : COINCIDE

concussion

[kən'kʌʃən] n.脑震荡；强烈震动 If you suffer concussion after a blow to your head, you lose consciousness or feel sick or confused. 2 : AGITATION, SHAKING

consign

[kən'sain] v.托运；托人看管 transitive verb 1 : to give over to another's care 2 : to give, transfer, or deliver into the hands or control of another also : to commit especially to a final destination or fate <a writer consigned to oblivion> 3 : to send or address to an agent to be cared for or sold intransitive verb obsolete : AGREE, SUBMIT

concise

[kən'sais] a.简洁的 Something that is concise says everything that is necessary without using any unnecessary words. = succinct

consensus

[kən'sensəs] n.意见一致 A consensus is general agreement among a group of people.

consent

[kən'sent] v.& n. 同意，允许 If you consent to something, you agree to do it or to allow it to be done. (FORMAL) If you give your consent to something, you give someone permission to do it. (FORMAL) The age of consent is the age at which a person can legally agree to having a sexual relationship.

conception

[kən'sepʃən] n.概念；开始 A conception of something is an idea that you have of it in your mind.= notion I see him as someone with not the slightest conception of teamwork. Conception is the process in which the egg in a woman is fertilized and she becomes pregnant.

consistency

[kən'sistənsi] n.一致性；坚实度，可靠性；不矛盾 Consistency is the quality or condition of being consistent. The consistency of a substance is how thick or smooth it is. b : firmness of constitution or character : PERSISTENCY 3 a : agreement or harmony of parts or features to one another or a whole : CORRESPONDENCE specifically : ability to be asserted together without contradiction. b : harmony of conduct or practice with profession <followed her own advice with consistency>

consistent

[kən'sistənt] a.前后一致的 Someone who is consistent always behaves in the same way, has the same attitudes towards people or things, or achieves the same level of success in something. If one fact or idea is consistent with another, they do not contradict each other. An argument or set of ideas that is consistent is one in which no part contradicts or conflicts with any other part. = coherent

conspire

[kən'spaiə] v.阴谋，共谋 If two or more people or groups conspire to do something illegal or harmful, they make a secret agreement to do it. = plot If events conspire to produce a particular result, they seem to work together to cause this result. = combine 2 : to act in harmony toward a common end <circumstances conspired to defeat his efforts>

conspicuous

[kən'spikjuəs] a.显著的，显而易见的 If someone or something is conspicuous, people can see or notice them very easily. If you say that someone or something is conspicuous by their absence, you are drawing attention to the fact that they are not in a place or situation where you think they should be. 1 : obvious to the eye or mind <conspicuous changes> 2 : attracting attention : STRIKING <a conspicuous success> 3 : marked by a noticeable violation of good taste

constituent

[kən'stitjuənt] n.成分；选区内的选民 A constituent is someone who lives in a particular constituency, especially someone who is able to vote in an election. A constituent of a mixture, substance, or system is one of the things from which it is formed. The constituent parts of something are the things from which it is formed. (FORMAL)

constrain

[kən'strein] v.束缚，强迫；限制 To constrain someone or something means to limit their development or force them to behave in a particular way. (FORMAL) If you feel constrained to do something, you feel that you must do it, even though you would prefer not to. = oblige 1 a : to force by imposed stricture, restriction, or limitation b : to restrict the motion of (a mechanical body) to a particular mode 2 : COMPRESS also : to clasp tightly 3 : to secure by or as if by bonds : CONFINE broadly : LIMIT 4 : to force or produce in an unnatural or strained manner <a constrained smile> 5 : to hold back by or as if by force <constraining my mind not to wander from the task>

constrained

[kən'streind] a.束缚的，节制的，不舒服的；被强迫的＝forced；拘泥的＝unnatural

constraint

[kən'streint] n.强制，强迫；对感情的压抑 A constraint is something that limits or controls what you can do. Constraint is control over the way you behave which prevents you from doing what you want to do. = restraint c : a constraining condition, agency, or force : CHECK <put legal constraints on the board's activities> a : repression of one's own feelings, behavior, or actions b : a sense of being constrained : EMBARRASSMENT

constrict

[kən'strikt] v.压缩，收缩 If a part of your body, especially your throat, is constricted or if it constricts, something causes it to become narrower. Severe migraine (偏头痛) can be treated with a drug which constricts the blood vessels... My throat constricted, so that I had to concentrate on breathing. If something constricts you, it limits your actions so that you cannot do what you want to do.= limit

construe

[kən'stru:] v.解释；翻译 If something is construed in a particular way, its nature or meaning is interpreted in that way. (FORMAL) What may seem helpful behaviour to you can be construed as interference by others... He may construe the approach as a hostile act... We are taught to construe these terms in a particular way.

construct

[kən'strʌkt] v.建筑，构成 If you construct something such as a building, road, or machine, you build it or make it. If you construct something such as an idea, a piece of writing, or a system, you create it by putting different parts together.

consolidate

[kən'sɔlideit] v.巩固；(使)坚强；合并 If you consolidate something that you have, for example power or success, you strengthen it so that it becomes more effective or secure. To consolidate a number of small groups or firms means to make them into one large organization.

conserve

[kən'sə:v] v.保全，保存 If you conserve a supply of something, you use it carefully so that it lasts for a long time. = save To conserve something means to protect it from harm, loss, or change. = preserve

conservative

[kən'sə:vətiv] a.保守的，守旧的 Someone who is conservative has right-wing views. Someone who is conservative or has conservative ideas is unwilling to accept changes and new ideas. If someone dresses in a conservative way, their clothes are conventional in style. A conservative estimate or guess is one in which you are cautious and estimate or guess a low amount which is probably less that the real amount.

console

[kən'səul] v.安慰，抚慰 If you console someone who is unhappy about something, you try to make them feel more cheerful. = comfort A console is a panel with a number of switches or knobs that is used to operate a machine.

cantankerous

[kən'tæŋkərəs] a.脾气坏的，好争吵的 Someone who is cantankerous is always finding things to argue or complain about. (WRITTEN) : difficult or irritating to deal with <a cantankerous mule>

concerto

[kən'tʃArto] n.协奏曲

configuration

[kən`figju'reiʃən] n.结构，配置；轮廓 A configuration is an arrangement of a group of things. (FORMAL) 1 a : relative arrangement of parts or elements: as (1) : SHAPE (2) : contour of land <configuration of the mountains> (3) : functional arrangement <a small business computer system in its simplest configuration> b : something (as a figure, contour, pattern, or apparatus) that results from a particular arrangement of parts or components c : the stable structural makeup of a chemical compound especially with reference to the space relations of the constituent atoms 2 : GESTALT ([心]完全形态)<personality configuration>

cohesive

[kəu'hi:siv] a.凝聚的 Something that is cohesive consists of parts that fit together well and form a united whole. : exhibiting or producing cohesion or coherence <a cohesive social unit> <cohesive soils>

cohesion

[kəu'hi:ʒən] n.内聚力；凝聚力 If there is cohesion within a society, organization, or group, the different members fit together well and form a united whole. 1 : the act or state of sticking together tightly especially : UNITY <the lack of cohesion in the Party.> 2 : union between similar plant parts or organs 3 : molecular attraction by which the particles of a body are united throughout the mass

coherent

[kəu'hiərənt] a.连贯的，一致的 If something is coherent, it is well planned, so that it is clear and sensible and all its parts go well with each other.≠ muddled If someone is coherent, they express their thoughts in a clear and calm way, so that other people can understand what they are saying. 1 a : logically or aesthetically ordered or integrated : CONSISTENT <coherent style> <a coherent argument> b : having clarity or intelligibility : UNDERSTANDABLE <a coherent person> <a coherent passage> 2 : having the quality of cohering especially : COHESIVE, COORDINATED <a coherent plan for action> 3 a : relating to or composed of waves having a constant difference in phase <coherent light> b : producing coherent light <a coherent source>

cohabit

[kəu'hæbit] v.共栖 If two people are cohabiting, they are living together and have a sexual relationship, but are not married. (FORMAL) 1 : to live together as or as if a married couple 2 a : to live together or in company <buffaloes cohabiting with crossbred cows> b : to exist together <two strains in his philosophy-cohabit in each of his major works >

coagulate

[kəu'ægjuleit] v.使凝结 When a liquid coagulates, it becomes very thick. = congeal vt. 1 : to cause to become viscous or thickened into a coherent mass : CURDLE(变成凝乳), CLOT 2 : to gather together or form into a mass or group vi. : to become coagulated

coagulant

[kəu'ægjulənt] n.凝结剂；凝血剂

synonyms see CLEAR

synonyms CLEAR, PERSPICUOUS, LUCID mean quickly and easily understood. CLEAR implies freedom from obscurity, ambiguity, or undue complexity <clear instructions>. PERSPICUOUS applies to a style that is simple and elegant as well as clear <a perspicuous style>. LUCID suggests a clear logical coherence and evident order of arrangement <a lucid explanation>.

synonyms COMMIT, ENTRUST, CONFIDE, CONSIGN, RELEGATE mean to assign to a person or place for a definite purpose.

synonyms COMMIT, ENTRUST, CONFIDE, CONSIGN, RELEGATE mean to assign to a person or place for a definite purpose. COMMIT may express the general idea of delivering into another's charge or the special sense of transferring to a superior power or to a special place of custody <committed the felon to prison>. ENTRUST implies committing with trust and confidence <the president is entrusted with broad powers>. CONFIDE implies entrusting with great assurance or reliance <confided complete control of my affairs to my attorney>. CONSIGN suggests removing from one's control with formality or finality <consigned the damaging notes to the fire>. RELEGATE implies a consigning to a particular class or sphere often with a suggestion of getting rid of <relegated to an obscure position in the company>.

synonyms see SPACIOUS

synonyms SPACIOUS, COMMODIOUS, CAPACIOUS, AMPLE mean larger in extent or capacity than the average. SPACIOUS implies great length and breadth <a spacious front lawn>. COMMODIOUS stresses roominess and comfortableness <a commodious and airy penthouse apartment>. CAPACIOUS stresses the ability to hold, contain, or retain more than the average <a capacious suitcase>. AMPLE implies having a greater size, expanse, or amount than that deemed adequate <ample closet space>.

blemish

['blemiʃ] v.损害；玷污；n.瑕疵，缺点 A blemish is a small mark on something that spoils its appearance. A blemish on something is a small fault in it. = imperfection If something blemishes someone's character or reputation, it spoils it or makes it seem less good than it was in the past.= tarnish

irrepressible

[`iri'presəbl] a.无法约束或阻止的 : impossible to repress, restrain, or control <irrepressible curiosity>

ivory

['aivəri] n.象牙，长牙 1 a : the hard creamy-white modified dentine that composes the tusks of a tusked(长牙的) mammal (as an elephant, walrus(海象), or narwhal(独角鲸)) b : a tusk that yields ivory 2 : a variable color averaging a pale yellow 4 : something (as a piano key) made of ivory or of a similar substance

iodine

['aiədi:n] n.碘；碘酒 2 : a tincture of iodine used especially as a topical antiseptic iota [ai'əutə] n.极小量，极少 1 : the 9th letter of the Greek alphabet ι 2 : an infinitesimal amount : JOT(少量) <did not show an iota of interest> irascible [i'ræsibl] a.易发怒的 : marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger

byproduct

['bai`prɔdʌkt] n.副产品；副作用

bigot

['bigət] n.(宗教、政治等的)盲信者；心胸狭窄者 If you describe someone as a bigot, you mean that they are bigoted. : a person obstinately(顽固地) or intolerantly devoted to his or her own opinions and prejudices especially : one who regards or treats the members of a group (as a racial or ethnic group) with hatred and intolerance

bicker

['bikə] v.为小事争吵 When people bicker, they argue or quarrel about unimportant things. = squabble(争吵, 口角) n. 1 : petulant(性急易怒的) quarreling : ALTERCATION (a noisy argument ) 2 : a sound of or as if of bickering vi 1 : to engage in a petulant or petty(琐碎的) quarrel <bickering over money> 2 a : to move with a rapidly repeated noise <a bickering stream> b : QUIVER(颤抖), FLICKER(闪烁,忽隐忽现,摇曳) bid [bid] v.命令；出价，投标 A bid for something or a bid to do something is an attempt to obtain it or do it. (JOURNALISM) = attempt ...Sydney's successful bid for the 2000 Olympic Games... A bid is an offer to pay a particular amount of money for something that is being sold. If you bid for something or bid to do something, you try to obtain it or do it.

blatant

['bleitənt] a.厚颜无耻的；显眼的；炫耀的 1 : noisy especially in a vulgar(粗俗的) or offensive manner : CLAMOROUS(喧嚷的, 吵闹的,大声要求的) 2 : completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive especially in a crass or offensive manner : BRAZEN <blatant disregard for the rules> You use blatant to describe something bad that is done in an open or very obvious way.

blazon

['bleizn] n.纹章，装饰；v.精确描绘 1 a : armorial bearings : COAT OF ARMS b : the proper description or representation of heraldic or armorial bearings 2 : ostentatious(卖弄的) display vt 1 : to publish widely : PROCLAIM 2 a : to describe (heraldic or armorial bearings) in technical terms b : to represent (armorial bearings) in drawing or engraving 3 a : DISPLAY b : DECK, ADORN <the town was blazoned with flags>

insular

['insjulə] a.岛屿的；心胸狭窄的 1 a : of, relating to, or constituting an island b : dwelling or situated on an island <insular residents> 2 : characteristic of an isolated people especially : being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial(偏狭的) viewpoint 3 : of or relating to an island of cells or tissue insularity [`insju'lærəti] n.岛国状态，岛屿生活状况，与外界隔绝的生活状况；(思想, 观点等的)偏狭，性僵化 反：cosmopolitanism _____________________________ insulate ['insjuleit] v.使绝缘；使隔离 : to place in a detached situation : ISOLATE especially : to separate from conducting bodies by means of nonconductors so as to prevent transfer of electricity, heat, or sound If a person or group is insulated from the rest of society or from outside influences, they are protected from them. To insulate something such as a building means to protect it from cold or noise by covering it or surrounding it in a thick layer. insulin ['insjulin] n.胰岛素 insurgent [in'sə:dʒənt] a.叛乱的，起事的；n.叛乱分子 adjective : rising in opposition to civil authority or established leadership : REBELLIOUS noun 1 : a person who revolts(叛乱，造反) against civil authority or an established government especially : a rebel not recognized as a belligerent 2 : one who acts contrary to the policies and decisions of one's own political party insurrection [`insə'rekʃən] n.造反，叛乱 : an act or instance of revolting against civil authority or an established government

institute

['institju:t] v.制定，创立(社团，规章)；n.学院，协会 institution [`insti'tju:ʃən] n.公共机构，协会；制度 1 : an act of instituting : ESTABLISHMENT 2 a : a significant practice, relationship, or organization in a society or culture <the institution of marriage> also : something or someone firmly associated with a place or thing <she has become an institution in the theater> b : an established organization or corporation (as a bank or university) especially of a public character also : ASYLUM 4 : an institution for the care of the destitute or sick and especially the insane institutionalized [`insti'tju:ʃənəlaizd] a.制度化的，有组织的 1 : to make into an institution : give character of an institution to <institutionalized housing> especially : to incorporate into a structured and often highly formalized system <institutionalized values> 2 : to put in the care of an institution <institutionalize alcoholics>

intricacy

['intrikəsi] n.错综，复杂，纷乱 1 : the quality or state of being intricate 2 : something intricate <the intricacies of a plot> intricate ['intrikit] a.复杂难懂的 1 : having many complexly interrelating parts or elements : COMPLICATED <intricate machinery> <an intricate plot> 2 : difficult to resolve or analyze

inventory

['inventəri] n.详细目录；存货清单 noun 1 a : an itemized list of current assets: as (1) : a catalog of the property of an individual or estate (2) : a list of goods on hand b : a survey of natural resources c : a list of traits, preferences, attitudes, interests, or abilities used to evaluate personal characteristics or skills 2 : SURVEY, SUMMARY 3 : the quantity of goods or materials on hand : STOCK 4 : the act or process of taking an inventory transitive verb : to make an inventory of : CATALOG inverse [in'və:s] a.相反的；倒转的 1 : opposite in order, nature, or effect 2 : being an inverse function <inverse sine> noun 1 : something of a contrary nature or quality : OPPOSITE, REVERSE 2 : a proposition or theorem formed by contradicting both the subject and predicate or both the hypothesis and conclusion of a given proposition or theorem <the inverse of "if A then B" is "if not-A then not-B"> 3 a : INVERSE FUNCTION also : an operation (as subtraction) that undoes the effect of another operation b : a set element that is related to another element in such a way that the result of applying a given binary operation to them is an identity element of the set invert [in'və:t] v.上下倒置 1 a : to reverse in position, order, or relationship b : to subject to inversion 2 a : to turn inside out or upside down b : to turn inward 3 : to find the mathematical reciprocal of <to divide using fractions, invert the divisor and multiply> synonyms see REVERSE noun : one characterized by inversion especially : HOMOSEXUAL invertebrate [in'və:tibrit] adj./n.无脊椎的(动物) 1 : lacking a spinal column also : of, relating to, or concerned with invertebrate animals 2 : lacking in strength or vitality : WEAK

innovative

['inəuveitiv] a.革新的 : characterized by, tending to, or introducing innovations Something that is innovative is new and original. An innovative person introduces changes and new ideas.

irrigate

['irigeit] v.灌溉 transitive verb 1 : WET, MOISTEN: as a : to supply (as land or crops) with water by artificial means b : to flush (a body part) with a stream of liquid (as in removing a foreign body or medicating) 2 : to refresh as if by watering intransitive verb : to practice irrigation

irritate

['iriteit] v.激怒；刺激 transitive verb 1 : to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in : ANNOY 2 : to induce irritability in or of intransitive verb : to cause or induce displeasure or irritation synonyms IRRITATE, EXASPERATE, NETTLE, PROVOKE, RILE, PEEVE mean to excite a feeling of anger or annoyance. IRRITATE implies an often gradual arousing of angry feelings that may range from mere impatience to rage <constant nagging that irritated me greatly>.

inkling

['iŋkliŋ] n.暗示，迹象；略知，模糊概念 1 : a slight indication or suggestion : HINT, CLUE <there was no path - no inkling even of a track - New Yorker> 2 : a slight knowledge or vague notion <had not the faintest inkling of what it was all about - H. W. Carter>

earsplitting

['iə`splitiŋ] a.震耳欲聋的 : distressingly loud or shrill

earshot

['iəʃɔt] n.听力所及范围 : the range within which one may hear a person's unaided voice <waited until he was out of earshot>

canine

['keinain] a.犬的，似犬的

kindle

['kindl] v.着火，点燃 transitive verb 1 : to start (a fire) burning : LIGHT 2 a : to stir up : AROUSE <kindle interest> b : to bring into being : START 3 : to cause to glow : ILLUMINATE intransitive verb 1 : to catch fire 2 a : to flare up b : to become animated 3 : to become illuminated

kindred

['kindrid] a.同类的，种族的 noun 1 a : a group of related individuals b : one's relatives 2 : family relationship : KINSHIP adjective 1 : of a similar nature or character : LIKE <a kindred spirit> 2 : of the same ancestry

legislate

['ledʒis`leit] v.制定法律 intransitive verb : to perform the function of legislation specifically : to make or enact(制定，颁布) laws transitive verb : to mandate(授权), establish, or regulate by or as if by legislation

calculated

['kælkjuleitid] a.蓄意的 If something is calculated to have a particular effect, it is specially done or arranged in order to have that effect.= likely You can describe a clever or dishonest action as calculated when it is very carefully planned or arranged. If you take a calculated risk, you do something which you think might be successful, although you have fully considered the possible bad consequences of your action. b : engaged in, undertaken, or displayed after reckoning or estimating the statistical probability of success or failure <a calculated risk> a : planned or contrived to accomplish a purpose b : DELIBERATE, INTENDED <a calculated attempt to deceive voters>

cameo

['kæmiəu] n.浮雕宝石；生动刻画；(演员)出演 A cameo is a short description or piece of acting which expresses cleverly and neatly the nature of a situation, event, or person's character. He played a cameo role, that of a young Aids patient in hospital. A cameo is a piece of jewellery, usually oval in shape, consisting of a raised stone figure or design fixed on to a flat stone of another colour.

camouflage

['kæmuflɑ:ʒ] n./v.掩饰，伪装 Camouflage consists of things such as leaves, branches, or brown and green paint, which are used to make it difficult for an enemy to see military forces and equipment. If you camouflage something such as a feeling or a situation, you hide it or make it appear to be something different. Camouflage is the way in which some animals are coloured and shaped so that they cannot easily be seen in their natural surroundings.

candid

['kændid] a.率直的,公正的；坦白的 When you are candid about something or with someone, you speak honestly.= frank A candid photograph of someone is one that was taken when the person did not know they were being photographed. 2 : free from bias, prejudice, or malice : FAIR <a candid observer> 3 a : marked by honest sincere expression <a candid discussion> b : indicating or suggesting sincere honesty and absence of deception <her candid face> c : disposed to criticize severely : BLUNT <candid critics> synonyms see FRANK

canny

['kæni] a.精明仔细的 A canny person is clever and able to think quickly. You can also describe a person's behaviour as canny. = shrewd

canopy

['kænəpi] n.蚊帐，华盖 A canopy is a decorated cover, often made of cloth, which is placed above something such as a bed or a seat. A canopy is a layer of something that spreads out and covers an area, for example the branches and leaves that spread out at the top of trees in a forest.

capsule

['kæpsju:l] n.荚；胶囊 A space capsule is the part of a spacecraft in which people travel, and which often separates from the main rocket.

cogitate

['kɔdʒiteit] v.慎重思考，思索 If you are cogitating, you are thinking deeply about something. (FORMAL) vt. : to ponder or meditate on usually intently vi : to meditate deeply or intently <cogitating on her career plans> synonyms see THINK

cognizance

['kɔgnizəns] n.认识，察识，知识 If you take cognizance of something, you take notice of it or acknowledge it. (FORMAL) = acknowledge The government failed to take cognisance of their protest. Cognizance is knowledge or understanding. (FORMAL) 1 : a distinguishing mark or emblem (象征；标志) (as a heraldic bearing) 2 a : KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS <had no cognizance of the situation> b : NOTICE, ACKNOWLEDGMENT <take cognizance of their achievement> 3 : JURISDICTION, RESPONSIBILITY

cognizant

['kɔgnizənt] a.知道的，认识的 If someone is cognizant of something, they are aware of it or understand it. (FORMAL)= conscious We are cognizant of the problem. : knowledgeable of something especially through personal experience also : MINDFUL synonyms see AWARE

collar

['kɔlə] n.衣领；戴在动物颈部的项圈 A collar is a band of leather or plastic which is put round the neck of a dog or cat. If you collar someone who has done something wrong or who is running away, you catch them and hold them so that they cannot escape. (INFORMAL)

colonize

['kɔlənaiz] v.建立殖民地 If people colonize a foreign country, they go to live there and take control of it. When large numbers of animals colonize a place, they go to live there and make it their home. Toads are colonising the whole place. When an area is colonized by a type of plant, the plant grows there in large amounts. The area was then colonized by scrub.

colony

['kɔləni] n.菌群；殖民地 A colony is a country which is controlled by a more powerful country. You can refer to a place where a particular group of people lives as a particular kind of colony. A colony of birds, insects, or animals is a group of them that live together. 1 a : a body of people living in a new territory but retaining ties with the parent state b : the territory inhabited by such a body 2 : a distinguishable localized population within a species <a colony of termites> 3 a : a circumscribed mass of microorganisms usually growing in or on a solid medium b : the aggregation of zooids of a compound animal 4 a : a group of individuals or things with common characteristics or interests situated in close association <an artist colony> b : the section occupied by such a group 5 : a group of persons institutionalized away from others <a leper colony> <a penal colony> also : the land or buildings occupied by such a group

choleric

['kɔlərik] a.易怒的，暴躁的 A choleric person gets angry very easily. You can also use choleric to describe a person who is very angry. (FORMAL)

combat

['kɔmbət] n./v.格斗，搏斗 Combat is fighting that takes place in a war. A combat is a battle, or a fight between two people. 1 : a fight or contest between individuals or groups 2 : CONFLICT, CONTROVERSY 3 : active fighting in a war : ACTION <casualties suffered in combat> intransitive verb : to engage in combat : FIGHT transitive verb 1 : to fight with : BATTLE 2 : to struggle against especially : to strive to reduce or eliminate <combat pollution> synonyms see OPPOSE synonyms OPPOSE, COMBAT, RESIST, WITHSTAND mean to set oneself against someone or something. OPPOSE can apply to any conflict, from mere objection to bitter hostility or warfare <opposed the plan>. COMBAT stresses the forceful or urgent countering of something <combat disease>. RESIST implies an overt recognition of a hostile or threatening force and a positive effort to counteract or repel it <resisting temptation>. WITHSTAND suggests a more passive resistance <trying to withstand peer pressure>. a. 1 : relating to combat <combat missions> 2 : designed or destined for combat <combat boots> <combat troops>

comic

['kɔmik] a.可笑的；喜剧的；n.喜剧演员 If you describe something as comic, you mean that it makes you laugh, and is often intended to make you laugh. Comic is used to describe comedy as a form of entertainment, and the actors and entertainers who perform it. ...a comic opera. A comic is an entertainer who tells jokes in order to make people laugh. = comedian A comic is a magazine that contains stories told in pictures. = comic book 1 : of, relating to, or marked by comedy <a comic actor> 2 : causing laughter or amusement : FUNNY <a comic monologue> 3 : of or relating to comic strips (连环画) <the newspaper's comic section> synonyms see LAUGHABLE synonyms LAUGHABLE, LUDICROUS, RIDICULOUS, COMIC, COMICAL mean provoking laughter or mirth. LAUGHABLE applies to anything occasioning laughter <laughable attempts at skating>. LUDICROUS suggests absurdity that excites both laughter and scorn <a thriller with a ludicrous plot>. RIDICULOUS suggests extreme absurdity, foolishness, or contemptibility <a ridiculous display of anger>. COMIC applies especially to what arouses thoughtful amusement <a comic character>. COMICAL applies to what arouses spontaneous hilarity <a comical hat>. 2 : the comic element 3 a : COMIC STRIP b : COMIC BOOK c plural : the part of a newspaper devoted to comic strips

comity

['kɔmiti] n.礼让，礼仪 1 a : friendly social atmosphere : social harmony <group activities promoting comity> b : a loose widespread community based on common social institutions <the comity of civilization> c : COMITY OF NATIONS d : the informal and voluntary recognition by courts of one jurisdiction of the laws and judicial decisions of another 2 : avoidance of proselytizing members of another religious denomination

communal

['kɔmjunl] a.全体共用的，共享的 Communal means relating to particular groups in a country or society. Communal violence broke out in different parts of the country. You use communal to describe something that is shared by a group of people. The inmates ate in a communal dining room.\ 1 : of or relating to one or more communes 2 : of or relating to a community 3 a : characterized by collective ownership and use of property b : participated in, shared, or used in common by members of a group or community 4 : of, relating to, or based on racial or cultural groups

compound

['kɔmpaund] n.复合物；v.搀和 A compound is an enclosed area of land that is used for a particular purpose.= enclosure ...a military compound. If something is a compound of different things, it consists of those things. (FORMAL)= mixture Compound is used to indicate that something consists of two or more parts or things.= composite To compound a problem, difficulty, or mistake means to make it worse by adding to it. (FORMAL) = add to The problem is compounded by the medical system here.

complicate

['kɔmplikeit] v.使某事复杂化 To complicate something means to make it more difficult to understand or deal with.

compliment

['kɔmplimənt] n./v.恭维，称赞 You can refer to your compliments when you want to express thanks, good wishes, or respect to someone in a formal way. My compliments to the chef... If you say that you are giving someone something with your compliments, you are saying in a polite and fairly formal way that you are giving it to them, especially as a gift or a favour. Please give this to your boss with my compliments...

compromise

['kɔmprəmaiz] n. & v.妥协；危害 1 a : settlement of differences by arbitration or by consent reached by mutual concessions b : something intermediate between or blending qualities of two different things 2 : a concession to something derogatory or prejudicial <a compromise of principles> vt. 2 : to adjust or settle by mutual concessions 3 a : to expose to suspicion, discredit, or mischief <his reputation has been compromised> b : to reveal or expose to an unauthorized person and especially to an enemy <confidential information was compromised> c : to cause the impairment of <a compromised immune system> <a seriously compromised patient> vi. 1 a : to come to agreement by mutual concession b : to find or follow a way between extremes 2 : to make a shameful or disreputable concession <wouldn't compromise with their principles> compulsion [kəm'pʌlʃ(ə)n] n.强迫；难以抗拒的冲动 A compulsion is a strong desire to do something, which you find difficult to control.= urge If someone uses compulsion in order to get you to do something, they force you to do it, for example by threatening to punish you if you do not do it.= coercion Many universities argued that students learned more when they were in classes out of choice rather than compulsion...

compact

['kɔmpækt] a.结实的；简洁的；n.合同，协议 Compact things are small or take up very little space. You use this word when you think this is a good quality. A compact person is small but strong. A compact cassette, camera, or car is a small type of cassette, camera, or car. To compact something means to press it so that it becomes more solid. (FORMAL)= compress The soil settles and is compacted by the winter rain. an agreement or covenant between two or more parties

compost

['kɔmpɔst] n.混合肥料 Compost is a mixture of decayed plants and vegetable waste which is added to the soil to help plants grow. Compost is specially treated soil that you buy and use to grow seeds and plants in pots. To compost things such as unwanted bits of plants means to make them into compost.

compensate

['kɔmpənseit] v.补偿，赔偿 If you compensate for a lack of something or for something you have done wrong, you do something to make the situation better Something that compensates for something else balances it or reduces its effects. If you try to compensate for something that is wrong or missing in your life, you try to do something that removes or reduces the harmful effects.

competence

['kɔmpətəns] n.胜任，能力 Competence is the ability to do something well or effectively. His competence as an economist had been reinforced by his successful fight against inflation... 1 : a sufficiency of means for the necessities and conveniences of life <provided his family with a comfortable competence > 2 : the quality or state of being competent: as a : the properties of an embryonic field that enable it to respond in a characteristic manner to an organizer b : readiness of bacteria to undergo genetic transformation 3 : the knowledge that enables a person to speak and understand a language

comma

['kɔmə] n.逗号 A comma is the punctuation mark , which is used to separate parts of a sentence or items in a list. 2 : PAUSE, INTERVAL 3 : any of several nymphalid butterflies (genus Polygonia) with a silvery comma-shaped mark on the underside of the hind wings

legislature

['ledʒis`leitʃə] n.立法机关，立法团体 : a body of persons having the power to legislate specifically : an organized body having the authority to make laws for a political unit

commonplace

['kɔmənpleis] a.平常的 If something is commonplace, it happens often or is often found, and is therefore not surprising. Foreign vacations have become commonplace... A commonplace is a remark or opinion that is often expressed and is therefore not original or interesting. It is a commonplace to say that Northern Ireland is a backwater in the modern Europe. 1 archaic : a striking passage entered in a commonplace book 2 a : an obvious or trite comment : TRUISM(自明之理) b : something commonly found commonly found or seen : ORDINARY, UNREMARKABLE <a commonplace occurrence> <the large mergers that had become commonplace>

commentary

['kɔməntəri] n.实况报道；(对书等的)集注 A commentary is a description of an event that is broadcast on radio or television while the event is taking place. He gave the listening crowd a running commentary... That programme will include live commentary on the England-Ireland game. A commentary is an article or book which explains or discusses something. Mr Rich will be writing a twice-weekly commentary on American society and culture. Commentary is discussion or criticism of something.= comment The show mixed comedy with social commentary... 1 a : an explanatory treatise -usually used in plural b : a record of events usually written by a participant ― usually used in plural 2 a : a systematic series of explanations or interpretations (as of a writing) b : COMMENT 2 3 a : something that serves for illustration or explanation <the dark, airless apartments and sunless factories-are a sad commentary upon our civilization> b : an expression of opinion

commonwealth

['kɔmənwelθ] n.共和国，联邦 The Commonwealth is an organization consisting of the United Kingdom and most of the countries that were previously under its rule. Commonwealth is used in the official names of some countries, groups of countries, or parts of countries. ...the Commonwealth of Australia.

concave

['kɔn'keiv] a.凹的 A surface that is concave curves inwards in the middle.≠ convex ...a concave stomach.

conduit

['kɔndit] n.渠道，引水道；水管 A conduit is a small tunnel, pipe, or channel through which water or electrical wires go. A conduit is a person or country that links two or more other people or countries.

conduct

['kɔndʌkt, kən'dʌkt] n.品德，行为；v.领导，引导 Someone's conduct is the way they behave in particular situations.= behaviour The conduct of a task or activity is the way in which it is organized and carried out. If you conduct yourself in a particular way, you behave in that way. 2 : the act, manner, or process of carrying on : MANAGEMENT <praised for his conduct of the campaign> 3 : a mode or standard of personal behavior especially as based on moral principles <questionable conduct> 4 : to cause (oneself) to act or behave in a particular and especially in a controlled manner

confine

['kɔnfain] v.限制，禁闭 To confine something to a particular place or group means to prevent it from spreading beyond that place or group. = restrict If you confine yourself or your activities to something, you do only that thing and are involved with nothing else. = limit, restrict If someone is confined to a mental institution, prison, or other place, they are sent there and are not allowed to leave for a period of time. Something that is within the confines of an area or place is within the boundaries enclosing it. (FORMAL) The confines of a situation, system, or activity are the limits or restrictions it involves. = constraints

confidence

['kɔnfidəns] n.信任，自信，信心 If you tell someone something in confidence, you tell them a secret. If you take someone into your confidence, you tell them a secret.

confiscate

['kɔnfiskeit] v.没收；充公 If you confiscate something from someone, you take it away from them, usually as a punishment. = seize

conflict

['kɔnflikt, kən'flikt] v./n.斗争，战斗；冲突，抵触 Conflict is a state of mind in which you find it impossible to make a decision.= turmoil If ideas, beliefs, or accounts conflict, they are very different from each other and it seems impossible for them to exist together or to each be true.= clash

conference

['kɔnfərəns] n.讨论会，协商会 A conference is a meeting, often lasting a few days, which is organized on a particular subject or to bring together people who have a common interest. A conference is a meeting at which formal discussions take place.

concrete

['kɔnkri:t] a.具体存在的；n.混凝土 You use concrete to indicate that something is definite and specific. A concrete object is a real, physical object. If a plan or idea is set in concrete or embedded in concrete, it is fixed and cannot be changed.

consequence

['kɔnsikwəns] n.结果；重要性；价值 Something or someone of consequence is important or valuable. If something or someone is of no consequence, or of little consequence, they are not important or valuable. (FORMAL) If you tell someone that they must take the consequences or face the consequences, you warn them that something unpleasant will happen to them if they do not stop behaving in a particular way.

conscript

['kɔnskript] v.强行征兵，征召 A conscript is a person who has been made to join the armed forces of a country.≠ volunteer If someone is conscripted, they are officially made to join the armed forces of a country.= draft

constant

['kɔnstənt] a.稳定的，不变的 n.常数 You use constant to describe something that happens all the time or is always there. = continual If an amount or level is constant, it stays the same over a particular period of time. = stable A constant is a thing or value that always stays the same.≠ variable

consul

['kɔnsəl] n.领事 A consul is an official who is sent by his or her government to live in a foreign city in order to look after all the people there that belong to his or her own country.

concentrate

['kɔnsəntreit] v.集中，浓缩

consonant

['kɔnsənənt] a.调和的，一致的 1 : being in agreement or harmony : free from elements making for discord 2 : marked by musical consonances 3 : having similar sounds <consonant words> 4 : relating to or exhibiting consonance : RESONANT

languid

['læŋgwid] a.没精打采的，倦怠的 1 : drooping(下垂的，无力的) or flagging( 疲惫的，萎靡的) from or as if from exhaustion : WEAK 2 : sluggish(行动迟钝的) in character or disposition : LISTLESS(无精打采的) 3 : lacking force or quickness of movement : SLOW

conscience

['kɔnʃəns] n.良心，是非感 Your conscience is the part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is right or wrong. Conscience is doing what you believe is right even though it might be unpopular, difficult, or dangerous. He refused for reasons of conscience to sign a new law legalising abortion. Conscience is a feeling of guilt because you know you have done something that is wrong. If you say that you cannot do something in all conscience, in good conscience, or in conscience, you mean that you cannot do it because you think it is wrong. If you have something on your conscience, you feel guilty because you know you have done something wrong.

congregate

['kɔŋgrigeit] v.聚集，集合 When people congregate, they gather together and form a group. transitive verb : to collect into a group or crowd : ASSEMBLE intransitive verb : to come together into a group, crowd, or assembly

congruent

['kɔŋgruənt] a.全等的，一致的 If one thing is congruent with another thing, they are similar or fit together well. (FORMAL) 1 : CONGRUOUS 2 : superposable so as to be coincident throughout

congruous

['kɔŋgruəs] a.一致的，符合的；[数]全等的 1 a : being in agreement, harmony, or correspondence b : conforming to the circumstances or requirements of a situation : APPROPRIATE <a congruous room to work in > 2 : marked or enhanced by harmonious agreement among constituent elements <a congruous theme>

conclave

['kɔŋkleiv] n.秘密会议 A conclave is a meeting at which the discussions are kept secret. The meeting which is held to elect a new Pope is called a conclave.

conquest

['kɔŋkwest] n.征服；战利品 1 : the act or process of conquering 2 a : something conquered especially : territory appropriated in war b : a person whose favor or hand has been won

concord

['kɔŋkɔ:d] n.和睦；公约 Concord is a state of peaceful agreement. (FORMAL) 1 a : a state of agreement : HARMONY b : a simultaneous occurrence of two or more musical tones that produces an impression of agreeableness or resolution on a listener 2 : agreement by stipulation(条款), compact(公约), or covenant(契约)

conquer

['kɔŋkə] v.以武力征服 If one country or group of people conquers another, they take complete control of their land. If you conquer something such as a problem, you succeed in ending it or dealing with it successfully.

kernel

['kə:nl] n.果仁；核心 2 : the inner softer part of a seed, fruit stone, or nut 3 : a whole seed of a cereal <a kernel of corn> 4 : a central or essential part : GERM <like many stereotypes this one too contains some kernels of truth - S. M. Lyman> 5 : a subset of the elements of one set (as a group) that a function (as a homomorphism) maps onto an identity element of another set

coda

['kəudə] n.乐曲的尾声 A coda is a separate passage at the end of something such as a book or a speech that finishes it off. In music, a coda is the final part of a fairly long piece of music which is added in order to finish it off in a pleasing way.

cogent

['kəudʒənt] a.有说服力的 A cogent reason, argument, or example is strong and convincing. (FORMAL) = convincing 1 : having power to compel or constrain <cogent forces> 2 a : appealing forcibly to the mind or reason : CONVINCING <cogent evidence> b : PERTINENT(相关的), RELEVANT <a cogent analysis> synonyms see VALID

coltish

['kəultiʃ] a.似小马的；不受拘束的 A young person or animal that is coltish is full of energy but clumsy or awkward, because they lack physical skill or control. 1 a : not subjected to discipline b : FRISKY, PLAYFUL <coltish antics> 2 : of, relating to, or resembling a colt <coltish legs>

coma

['kəumə] n.昏迷状态 Someone who is in a coma is in a state of deep unconsciousness. She was in a coma for seven weeks... 1 : a state of profound unconsciousness caused by disease, injury, or poison 2 : a state of mental or physical sluggishness : TORPOR(无精打采；麻木) 1 : a tufted bunch (as of branches, bracts, or seed hairs) 2 : the head of a comet consisting of a cloud of gas and dust and usually containing a nucleus 3 : an optical aberration in which the image of a point source is a comet-shaped blur

comatose

['kəumətəus] a.昏迷的 A person who is comatose is in a coma. (MEDICAL) A person who is comatose is in a deep sleep, usually because they are tired or have drunk too much alcohol. (INFORMAL) 1 : of, resembling, or affected with coma 2 : characterized by lethargic inertness : TORPID <a comatose economy>

libel

['laibəl] v./n.(文字)诽谤，中伤 noun Libel is a written statement which wrongly accuses someone of something, and which is therefore against the law. Compare slander. (LEGAL) transitive verb To libel someone means to write or print something in a book, newspaper, or magazine which wrongly damages that person's reputation and is therefore against the law. (LEGAL)

liken

['laikən] v.把...比作... : COMPARE If you liken one thing or person to another thing or person, you say that they are similar.

limestone

['laimstəun] n.石灰岩 Limestone is a whitish-coloured rock which is used for building and for making cement.

license

['laisəns] n.放肆，自由；许可证，执照 1 a : permission to act b : freedom of action 2 a : a permission granted by competent authority to engage in a business or occupation or in an activity otherwise unlawful b : a document, plate, or tag evidencing a license granted c : a grant by the holder of a copyright or patent to another of any of the rights embodied in the copyright or patent short of an assignment of all rights 3 a : freedom that allows or is used with irresponsibility b : disregard for standards of personal conduct : LICENTIOUSNESS(放肆，无法无天) 4 : deviation from fact, form, or rule by an artist or writer for the sake of the effect gained synonyms see FREEDOM LICENSE implies freedom specially granted or conceded and may connote an abuse of freedom <freedom without responsibility may degenerate into license>.

lionize

['laiənaiz] v.崇拜，看重 1 : to treat as an object of great interest or importance 2 British : to show the sights of a place to

loutish

['lautiʃ] a.粗鲁的 : resembling or befitting a lout(粗鄙的男子) synonyms see BOORISH LOUTISH implies bodily awkwardness together with stupidity <a loutish oaf>.

legend

['ledʒənd] n.传奇，地图里的说明文字或图例 1 a : a story coming down from the past especially : one popularly regarded as historical although not verifiable b : a body of such stories <a place in the legend of the frontier> c : a popular myth of recent origin d : a person or thing that inspires legends e : the subject of a legend <its violence was legend even in its own time - William Broyles Jr.> 2 a : an inscription or title on an object (as a coin) b : CAPTION(标题) 2 b : the explanatory comment or designation accompanying a pictorial illustration c : an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart

legacy

['legəsi] n.遗产；遗留之物 1 : a gift by will especially of money or other personal property : BEQUEST(遗产，遗赠) 2 : something transmitted by or received from an ancestor or predecessor or from the past <the legacy of the ancient philosophers>

labile

['leibail] a.不稳定的 1 : readily or continually undergoing chemical, physical, or biological change or breakdown : UNSTABLE <a labile mineral> 2 : readily open to change

labored

['leibəd] a.吃力的；(文体等)不自然的 : produced or performed with labor <labored breathing> also : lacking ease of expression <a labored speech>

laity

['leiiti] n.俗信徒，俗人阶级；外行 1 : the people of a religious faith as distinguished from its clergy 2 : the mass of the people as distinguished from those of a particular profession or those specially skilled

latent

['leitənt] a.潜伏的 : present and capable of becoming though not now visible, obvious, active, or symptomatic <a latent infection> synonyms LATENT, DORMANT, QUIESCENT, POTENTIAL mean not now showing signs of activity or existence. LATENT applies to a power or quality that has not yet come forth but may emerge and develop <a latent desire for success>.

lectern

['lektə(:)n] n.教堂里的读经台 A lectern is a high sloping desk on which someone puts their notes when they are standing up and giving a lecture.

levee

['levi] n.防洪堤；堤岸 1 : a reception held by a person of distinction on rising from bed 2 : an afternoon assembly at which the British sovereign or his or her representative receives only men 3 : a reception usually in honor of a particular person 1 a : an embankment(堤岸) for preventing flooding b : a river landing place : PIER(桥墩) 2 : a continuous dike or ridge (as of earth) for confining the irrigation areas of land to be flooded transitive verb : to provide with a levee

levy

['levi] v./n.征税；征兵 1 a : the imposition or collection of an assessment b : an amount levied 2 a : the enlistment or conscription of men for military service b : troops raised by levy transitive verb 1 a : to impose or collect by legal authority <levy a tax> b : to require by authority 2 : to enlist or conscript for military service 3 : to carry on (war) : WAGE intransitive verb : to seize property

leaven

['levən] n.发酵剂；影响力；v.发酵；影响 noun 1 a : a substance (as yeast) used to produce fermentation in dough(生面团) or a liquid especially : SOURDOUGH b : a material (as baking powder) used to produce a gas that lightens dough or batter 2 : something that modifies or lightens transitive verb 1 : to raise (as bread) with a leaven 2 : to mingle or permeate with some modifying, alleviating, or vivifying element especially : LIGHTEN <a sermon(说教,布道) leavened with humor>

lethargy

['leθədʒi] n.昏睡；倦怠；呆滞懒散 1 : abnormal drowsiness(睡意) 2 : the quality or state of being lazy, sluggish, or indifferent synonyms LETHARGY, LANGUOR, LASSITUDE, STUPOR, TORPOR mean physical or mental inertness. LETHARGY implies such drowsiness or aversion to activity as is induced by disease, injury, or drugs <months of lethargy followed my accident>.

lien

['li(:)ən] n.扣押权；留置权 1 : a charge upon real or personal property for the satisfaction of some debt or duty ordinarily arising by operation of law 2 : the security interest created by a mortgage(抵押)

liberty

['libəti] n.随意，冒失 1 : the quality or state of being free: a : the power to do as one pleases b : freedom from physical restraint c : freedom from arbitrary or despotic(专制的，暴虐的) control d : the positive enjoyment of various social, political, or economic rights and privileges e : the power of choice 2 a : a right or immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant : PRIVILEGE b : permission especially to go freely within specified limits 3 : an action going beyond normal limits: as a : a breach(违背) of etiquette(礼节) or propriety(适当) : FAMILIARITY(不拘礼节) b : RISK, CHANCE <took foolish liberties with his health> c : a violation of rules or a deviation from standard practice d : a distortion(扭曲) of fact 4 : a short authorized absence from naval duty usually for less than 48 hours synonyms see FREEDOM LIBERTY suggests release from former restraint or compulsion <the released prisoner had difficulty adjusting to his new liberty>.

limited

['limitid] a.有限的 1 a : confined within limits : RESTRICTED <limited success> b of a train : offering faster service especially by making a limited number of stops 2 : characterized by enforceable limitations prescribed (as by a constitution) upon the scope or exercise of powers <a limited monarchy> 3 : lacking breadth and originality <a bit limited a bit thick in the head - Virginia Woolf>

limpid

['limpid] a.清澈的；透明的 1 a : marked by transparency : PELLUCID(思路清晰的；清澈透明的) <limpid streams> b : clear and simple in style <limpid prose> 2 : absolutely serene(清澈的，晴朗的) and untroubled synonyms see CLEAR LIMPID suggests the soft clearness of pure water <her eyes were limpid pools of blue>.

limousine

['liməzi:n] n.大型轿车，大客车 1 : a large luxurious often chauffeur-driven sedan that usually has a glass partition separating the driver's seat from the passenger compartment 2 : a large vehicle for transporting passengers to and from an airport

lineage

['liniidʒ] n.宗系，血统 1 a : descent in a line from a common progenitor b : DERIVATION 2 : a group of individuals tracing descent from a common ancestor especially : such a group of persons whose common ancestor is regarded as its founder : the number of lines of printed or written matter

subsequent

['sʌbsikwənt] a.随后的，后来的，连续的 adjective: following in time, order, or place <subsequent events> <a subsequent clause in the treaty> subsequent to : at a time later or more recent than : SINCE

linear

['liniə] a.线的；成直线的 1 a (1) : of, relating to, resembling, or having a graph that is a line and especially a straight line : STRAIGHT (2) : involving a single dimension b (1) : of the first degree with respect to one or more variables (2) : of, relating to, based on, or being linear equations, linear differential equations, linear functions, linear transformations, or linear algebra c (1) : characterized by an emphasis on line <linear art> (2) : composed of simply drawn lines with little attempt at pictorial representation <linear script> d : consisting of a straight chain of atoms 2 : elongated with nearly parallel sides <linear leaf> 3 : having or being a response or output that is directly proportional to the input 4 : of, relating to, or based or depending on sequential development <linear thinking> <a linear narrative>

lyric

['lirik] a.抒情的；n.抒情诗；歌词 adjective 1 a : suitable for singing to the lyre or for being set to music and sung b : of, relating to, or being drama set to music especially : OPERATIC <lyric stage> 2 a : expressing direct usually intense personal emotion especially in a manner suggestive of song <lyric poetry> b : EXUBERANT(繁茂的，丰富的，充满活力的), RHAPSODIC(狂喜的，狂想曲的) 3 of an opera singer : having a light voice and a melodic(旋律优美的) style noun 1 : a lyric composition specifically : a lyric poem 2 : the words of a song - often used in plural

listless

['listlis] a.无精打采的 : characterized by lack of interest, energy, or spirit <a listless melancholy(忧郁的) attitude> synonyms see LANGUID LISTLESS suggests a lack of interest caused by physical weakness or dissatisfied boredom <listless hospital patients> <listless children flipping through picture books on a rainy day>.

lissome

['lisəm] a.姿态优雅的，柔软的 1 a : easily flexed b : LITHE 2 : characterized by easy flexibility and grace <a lissome dancer> <treading(踏，行走) with a lissome silent step> also : athletically slim <the most lithe and graspable of waists - R. P. Warren> 2 : NIMBLE

litigant

['litigənt] n.诉讼当事人 : one engaged in a lawsuit

litter

['litə] n.垃圾；一窝(动物) 1 a : a covered and curtained couch provided with shafts(柄) and used for carrying a single passenger b : a device (as a stretcher) for carrying a sick or injured person(担架) 2 a (1) : material used as bedding for animals (2) : material used to absorb the urine and feces of animals b : the uppermost slightly decayed layer of organic matter on the forest floor(腐殖质) 3 : the offspring at one birth of a multiparous(一胎多子的) animal <a litter of puppies> 4 a : trash, wastepaper, or garbage lying scattered about <trying to clean up the roadside litter> b : an untidy accumulation of objects <a shabby writing-desk covered with a litter of yellowish dusty documents - Joseph Conrad>

literate

['litərit] a.有读写能力的；有文化修养的 adjective 1 a : EDUCATED, CULTURED b : able to read and write 2 a : versed(精通的，造诣深的) in literature or creative writing : LITERARY b : LUCID, POLISHED <a literate essay> c : having knowledge or competence <computer-literate(能使用计算机的)> <politically literate>

literal

['litərəl] a.字面上的；忠实原义的；精确的 adjective 1 a : according with the letter of the scriptures b : adhering to fact or to the ordinary construction or primary meaning of a term or expression : ACTUAL <liberty in the literal sense is impossible - B. N. Cardozo> c : free from exaggeration or embellishment <the literal truth> d : characterized by a concern mainly with facts <a very literal man> 2 : of, relating to, or expressed in letters 3 : reproduced word for word : EXACT, VERBATIM(逐字的) <a literal translation> noun : a small error usually of a single letter (as in writing)

linger

['liŋgə] v.逗留，留恋 intransitive verb 1 : to be slow in parting or in quitting something : TARRY(耽搁) <fans lingered outside the door> 2 a : to remain alive although gradually dying b : to remain existent although often waning(衰退的) in strength, importance, or influence <lingering doubts> <lingering odors> 3 : to be slow to act : PROCRASTINATE(耽搁，拖延) 4 : to move slowly : SAUNTER(闲逛，漫步) transitive verb 2 : to pass (as a period of time) slowly

leery

['liəri] a.机警的，怀疑的 : SUSPICIOUS, WARY(小心的,机警的,谨慎的) - often used with of <leery of strangers> If someone looks or smiles at you in a leery way, they look or smile at you in an unpleasant way, usually because they are sexually interested in you.

lunar

['lju:nə] a.月亮的 1 : CRESCENT(新月形的，逐渐增加的), LUNATE(新月状的, 半月形的) 2 a : of, relating to, or resembling the moon <lunar craters(陨石坑)> <a lunar landscape> b : designed for use on the moon <lunar vehicles> 3 : measured by the moon's revolution <lunar month>

lunatic

['lju:nətik] n.疯子；a.极蠢的 1 a : affected with lunacy(精神失常) : INSANE b : designed for the care of insane persons <lunatic asylum(收容所)> 2 : wildly foolish <a lunatic idea>

lacerate

['læsəreit] v.撕裂；深深伤害 transitive verb 1 : to tear or rend(撕裂，猛拉) roughly : wound jaggedly(锯齿状的) 2 : to cause sharp mental or emotional pain to : DISTRESS adjective 1 a : torn jaggedly : MANGLED b : extremely harrowed(耙掘，使苦恼) or distracted(心烦意乱的) 2 : having the edges deeply and irregularly cut <a lacerate petal(花瓣)>

lasso

['læsəu] n.套索(捕捉牛、马用) : a rope or long thong(皮带，皮条) of leather with a noose(绳套) used especially for catching horses and cattle : LARIAT(套索) : to capture with or as if with a lasso : ROPE

latitude

['lætitju:d] n.言行自由；纬度 2 : angular distance from some specified circle or plane of reference: as a : angular distance north or south from the earth's equator measured through 90 degrees b : angular distance of a celestial body from the ecliptic(黄道) c : a region or locality as marked by its latitude 3 a : SCOPE, RANGE b : the range of exposures within which a film or plate will produce a negative or positive of satisfactory quality 4 : freedom of action or choice <students are allowed considerable latitude in choosing courses>

lavish

['læviʃ] a.浪费的；丰富的 1 : expending(花费) or bestowing(赠送) profusely(丰富地) : PRODIGAL(极度挥霍浪费的) 2 a : expended or produced in abundance b : marked by profusion(丰富，大量，浪费) or excess synonyms see PROFUSE LAVISH suggests an unstinted(不受限制的，不吝惜的) or unmeasured(没有限度的) profusion <a lavish party>.

stubborn

['stʌbən] a.固执的；难以改变的 1 a (1) : unreasonably or perversely unyielding : MULISH(骡的，执拗的) (2) : justifiably unyielding : RESOLUTE b : suggestive or typical of a strong stubborn nature <a stubborn jaw> 2 : performed or carried on in an unyielding, obstinate, or persistent manner <stubborn effort> 3 : difficult to handle, manage, or treat <a stubborn cold> 4 : LASTING <stubborn facts> synonyms see OBSTINATE STUBBORN implies sturdiness(强健，坚固，雄壮) in resisting change which may or may not be admirable <a person too stubborn to admit error>.

studied

['stʌdid] a.慎重的；认真习得的 1 : carefully considered or prepared : THOUGHTFUL <a studied response> 2 : KNOWLEDGEABLE, LEARNED <studied in the craft of blacksmithing(铁匠)> 3 : produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation(预谋，预先策划) : CALCULATED <studied indifference> <spoke with a studied accent>

stuffy

['stʌfi] a.(空气)不新鲜的，闷气的 1 : ILL-NATURED, ILL-HUMORED 2 : lacking in vitality or interest : STODGY, DULL 3 a : oppressive(压迫的，沉重的) to the breathing : CLOSE <a stuffy room> b : stuffed up <a stuffy nose> 4 a : narrowly inflexible in standards of conduct : SELF-RIGHTEOUS(自以为是的) b : stiffly conventional : PRIGGISH <stuffy formalities>

stultify

['stʌltifai] v.使变得荒谬可笑；使无用 2 : to cause to appear or be stupid, foolish, or absurdly illogical 3 a : to impair, invalidate, or make ineffective : NEGATE b : to have a dulling or inhibiting effect on

stomach

['stʌmək] v.吃得下；容忍 noun 1 c : the part of the body that contains the stomach : BELLY, ABDOMEN 2 a : desire for food caused by hunger : APPETITE b : INCLINATION, DESIRE <had no stomach for an argument> also : COURAGE, GUTS transitive verb 2 : to bear without overt(公开的,非秘密的) reaction or resentment : put up with <couldn't stomach office politics>

stunning

['stʌniŋ] a.极富魅力的 1 : causing astonishment or disbelief <stunning news> 2 : strikingly impressive especially in beauty or excellence <a stunning view> <stunning workmanship>

swagger

['swægə] v.大摇大摆地走 intransitive verb 1 : to conduct oneself in an arrogant or superciliously(目空一切地) pompous(傲慢的，自大的，夸大的) manner especially : to walk with an air of overbearing self-confidence 2 : BOAST, BRAG transitive verb : to force by argument or threat : BULLY(以强凌弱)

surgeon

['sə:dʒən] n.外科医师；军医，船上的医生 : a medical specialist who practices surgery

circuit

['sə:kit] n.环行，环行道；线路；电路 An electrical circuit is a complete route which an electric current can flow around. A circuit is a series of places that are visited regularly by a person or group, especially as a part of their job. It's a common problem, the one I'm asked about most when I'm on the lecture circuit. A racing circuit is a track on which cars, motorbikes, or cycles race. (mainly BRIT) A circuit of a place or area is a journey all the way round it. (FORMAL)

circular

['sə:kjulə] a.圆形的 A circular journey or route is one in which you go to a place and return by a different route. A circular argument or theory is not valid because it uses a statement to prove something which is then used to prove the statement. A circular is an official letter or advertisement that is sent to a large number of people at the same time.

circumscribe

['sə:kəmskraib] v.限制 If someone's power or freedom is circumscribed, it is limited or restricted. (FORMAL) = limit

surly

['sə:li] a.脾气暴躁的；阴沉的 1 : menacing(威胁的) or threatening in appearance <surly weather> 3 : irritably sullen and !churlish(粗野的) in mood or manner : !CRABBED(脾气乖戾的) synonyms see SULLEN SURLY implies gruffness(粗鲁，生硬，粗糙) and sullenness(愠怒，沉闷，情绪消沉) of speech or manner <a typical surly teenager>. SULKY suggests childish resentment expressed in peevish sullenness <grew sulky after every spat(小口角，小争论)>. CRABBED applies to a forbidding morose harshness of manner <the school's notoriously crabbed headmaster>.

surmise

['sə:maiz] n.推测，猜测；v.推测 noun : a thought or idea based on scanty evidence : CONJECTURE transitive verb : to form a notion of from scanty evidence : IMAGINE, INFER

surplus

['sə:pləs] a.过剩的；盈余的 1 a : the amount that remains when use or need is satisfied b : an excess of receipts over !disbursements(支出) 2 : the excess of a corporation's net worth over the par or stated value of its stock

?subject

['sʌbdʒikt] n.受支配的人，隶属 1 : one that is placed under authority or control: as a : VASSAL b (1) : one subject to a monarch and governed by the monarch's law (2) : one who lives in the territory of, enjoys the protection of, and owes allegiance to a sovereign power or state 2 a : that of which a quality, attribute, or relation may be affirmed or in which it may inhere b : SUBSTRATUM especially : material or essential substance c : the mind, ego, or agent of whatever sort that sustains or assumes the form of thought or consciousness 3 a : a department of knowledge or learning b : MOTIVE, CAUSE c (1) : one that is acted on £ the helpless subject of their cruelty (2) : an individual whose reactions or responses are studied (3) : a dead body for anatomical study and dissection d (1) : something concerning which something is said or done £ the subject of the essay (2) : something represented or indicated in a work of art e (1) : the term of a logical proposition that denotes the entity of which something is affirmed or denied also : the entity denoted (2) : a word or word group denoting that of which something is predicated f : the principal melodic phrase on which a musical composition or movement is based synonyms see CITIZEN adj subjectless 2 a : suffering a particular liability or exposure subject to temptation b : having a tendency or inclination : PRONE subject to colds 3 : contingent on or under the influence of some later action £ the plan is subject to discussion synonyms see LIABLE 1 a : to bring under control or dominion : SUBJUGATE b : to make (as oneself) amenable to the discipline and control of a superior 2 : to make liable : PREDISPOSE 3 : to cause or force to undergo or endure (something unpleasant, inconvenient, or trying) £ was subjected to constant verbal abuse

subsidy

['sʌbsidi] n.补助金 : a grant or gift of money: as a : a sum of money formerly granted by the British Parliament to the crown and raised by special taxation b : money granted by one state to another c : a grant by a government to a private person or company to assist an enterprise deemed(认为，相信) advantageous to the public

table

['teibl] v.搁置，不加考虑 noun 5 a : a systematic arrangement of data usually in rows and columns for ready reference b : a condensed enumeration(计算，列举，细目) : LIST <a table of contents> 6 : something that resembles a table especially in having a plane surface: as a : the upper flat surface of a cut precious stone - see BRILLIANT illustration b (1) : TABLELAND(高原，台地) (2) : a horizontal stratum(地层，阶层) on the table : up for consideration or negotiation <the subject is not on the table> under the table 1 : into a stupor(昏迷，不醒人事) <can drink you under the table> 2 : in a covert manner <took money under the table> transitive verb 1 : to enter in a table 2 a British : to place on the agenda b : to remove (as a parliamentary motion) from consideration indefinitely c : to put on a table adjective 1 : suitable for a table or for use at a table <a table lamp> 2 : suitable for serving at a table <table grapes> 3 : proper for conduct at a table <table manners>

taking

['teikiŋ] a.楚楚动人的 take 6 : CHARM, CAPTIVATE <a taking smile>

taper

['teipə] n.细蜡烛；v.(长形物体的)逐渐变细 noun 1 a : a slender candle b : a long waxed wick(蜡烛芯；灯芯) used especially for lighting candles, lamps, pipes, or fires c : a feeble(衰弱的；无效的) light 2 a : a tapering form or figure b : gradual diminution(减少，缩小，减低) of thickness, diameter, or width in an elongated object c : a gradual decrease adjective 1 : progressively narrowed toward one end 2 : furnished with or adjusted to a scale : GRADUATED((税)累进的，分等级的，刻度的) <taper freight(运费) rates> intransitive verb 1 : to become progressively smaller toward one end 2 : to diminish gradually transitive verb : to cause to taper noun : one that applies or dispenses tape

texture

['tekstʃə] n.质地；结构 noun 1 a : something composed of closely interwoven(交织的 编结的) elements specifically : a woven cloth b : the structure formed by the threads of a fabric 2 a : essential part : SUBSTANCE b : identifying quality : CHARACTER 3 a : the disposition or manner of union of the particles of a body or substance b : the visual or tactile(可用触觉感知的) surface characteristics and appearance of something <the texture of an oil painting> 4 a : a composite of the elements of prose or poetry <all these words meet violently to form a texture impressive and exciting - John Berryman> b : a pattern of musical sound created by tones or lines played or sung together 5 a : basic scheme or structure b : overall structure transitive verb : to give a particular texture to

telling

['teliŋ] a.有效的，显著的 : carrying great weight and producing a marked effect : EFFECTIVE, EXPRESSIVE(富有表情的；意味深长的) <the most telling evidence> synonyms see VALID TELLING stresses an immediate and crucial effect striking at the heart of a matter <a telling example of bureaucratic waste>.

tempest

['tempist] n.暴风雨；骚动 noun 1 : a violent storm 2 : TUMULT(吵闹声；暴动), UPROAR(喧闹，骚动) transitive verb : to raise a tempest in or around

temper

['tempə] v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气 transitive verb 1 : to dilute, qualify, or soften by the addition or influence of something else : MODERATE <temper justice with mercy> 3 : to bring to a suitable state by mixing in or adding a usually liquid ingredient: as a : to mix (clay) with water or a modifier (as grog(烈酒)) and knead(揉捏) to a uniform texture b : to mix oil with (colors) in making paint ready for use 4 a (1) : to soften (as hardened steel or cast iron) by reheating at a lower temperature(锤炼) (2) : to harden (as steel) by reheating and cooling in oil b : to anneal or toughen (glass) by a process of gradually heating and cooling 5 : to make stronger and more resilient through hardship : TOUGHEN <troops tempered in battle> 6 a : to put in tune with something : ATTUNE(调音；使协调) b : to adjust the pitch of (a note, chord, or instrument) to a temperament noun 1 c : characteristic tone : TREND <the temper of the times> d : high quality of mind or spirit : COURAGE 2 a : the state of a substance with respect to certain desired qualities (as hardness, elasticity, or workability) especially : the degree of hardness or resiliency given steel by tempering b : the feel and relative solidity of leather 3 a : a characteristic cast of mind or state of feeling : DISPOSITION(一贯的脾气、气质) b : calmness of mind : COMPOSURE c : state of feeling or frame of mind at a particular time usually dominated by a single strong emotion d : heat of mind or emotion : proneness to anger : PASSION <she has a real temper> 4 : a substance (as a metal) added to or mixed with something else (as another metal) to modify the properties of the latter synonyms see DISPOSITION TEMPER implies the qualities acquired through experience that determine how a person or group meets difficulties or handles situations <a resilient temper>.

temporize

['tempəraiz] v.拖延；见风使舵 intransitive verb 1 : to act to suit the time or occasion : yield to current or dominant opinion 2 : to draw out discussions or negotiations so as to gain time <you'd have to temporize until you found out how she wanted to be advised - Mary Austin>

temporal

['tempərəl] a.时间的；世俗的 adjective 1 a : of or relating to time as opposed to eternity b : of or relating to !earthly(尘世的) life c : lay or secular(世俗的 非精神的 非宗教的) rather than clerical(神职人员的) or sacred : CIVIL <lords temporal> 2 : of or relating to grammatical tense or a distinction of time 3 a : of or relating to time as distinguished from space b : of or relating to the sequence of time or to a particular time : !CHRONOLOGICAL(按年代顺序排列的) noun : a temporal part (as a bone or muscle) adjective : of or relating to the temples or the sides of the skull behind the orbits(眼眶骨)

tempo

['tempəu] n.(动作、生活的)步调，速度 1 : the rate of speed of a musical piece or passage indicated by one of a series of directions (as largo(广板), presto(急板), or allegro(快板)) and often by an exact metronome(节拍器) marking 2 : rate of motion or activity : PACE

tardy

['tɑ:di] a.缓慢的，迟缓的 adjective 1 : moving slowly : SLUGGISH <the tardy pace at which she was obliged to walk - Charles Dickens> 2 : delayed beyond the expected or proper time : LATE <a tardy arrival> noun : an instance of being tardy (as to a class)

tarnish

['tɑ:niʃ] n./v.失去光泽，晦暗 transitive verb 1 : to dull or destroy the luster of by or as if by air, dust, or dirt : SOIL, STAIN 2 a : to detract(减去，贬低) from the good quality of : !VITIATE(降低价值；损害质量) <his fine dreams now slightly tarnished> b : to bring disgrace on : !SULLY <the scandal has tarnished his reputation> intransitive verb : to become tarnished noun : something that tarnishes especially : a film of chemically altered material on the surface of a metal (as silver)

tender

['tendə] v.(希望对方接受的意见等) 1 a : having a soft or yielding texture : easily broken, cut, or damaged : DELICATE, FRAGILE <tender feet> b : easily chewed : SUCCULENT(多汁的) 2 a : physically weak : not able to endure hardship b : IMMATURE, YOUNG <children of tender age> c : incapable of resisting cold : not hardy <tender perennials(四季常青的)> 3 : marked by, responding to, or expressing the softer emotions : FOND, LOVING <a tender lover> 4 a : showing care : CONSIDERATE, SOLICITOUS(热切的，挂念的) <tender regard> b : highly susceptible to impressions or emotions : IMPRESSIONABLE <a tender conscience> 5 a : appropriate or conducive to a delicate or sensitive constitution or character : GENTLE, MILD <tender breeding> <tender irony> b : delicate or soft in quality or tone <never before heard the piano sound so tender -Elva S. Daniels> 7 a : sensitive to touch or palpation(触摸) <the bruise was still tender> b : sensitive to injury or insult : TOUCHY <tender pride> c : demanding careful and sensitive handling : TICKLISH(怕痒的；棘手的 易怒的，易变的) <a tender situation> d of a boat : easily tipped(倾斜, 翻倒) by an external force

tenet

['tenit] n.信念；信条；教义 : a principle, belief, or doctrine generally held to be true especially : one held in common by members of an organization, movement, or profession

tenure

['tenjuə] n.任期；终身职位 1 : the act, right, manner, or term of holding something (as a landed property, a position, or an office) especially : a status granted after a trial period to a teacher that gives protection from summary dismissal 2 : GRASP, HOLD

tenuous

['tenjuəs] a.细薄的，稀薄的；空洞的 1 : not dense : RARE <a tenuous fluid> 2 : not thick : SLENDER <a tenuous rope> 3 a : having little substance or strength : FLIMSY(软弱无力的 不足信的), WEAK <tenuous influences> b : SHAKY 2A : lacking stability <tenuous reasons> <on grounds that were tenuous> synonyms see THIN TENUOUS implies extreme thinness, sheerness, or lack of substance and firmness <a tenuous thread>.

tentative

['tentətiv] a.试探性的，尝试性的 1 : not fully worked out or developed <tentative plans> 2 : HESITANT, UNCERTAIN <a tentative smile>

tenor

['tenə] n.男高音；要点，要旨 noun 1 a : the drift(主旨, 大意, 含意) of something spoken or written : !PURPORT(大意 意图) b : an exact copy of a writing : TRANSCRIPT c : the concept, object, or person meant in a metaphor 2 a : the melodic line usually forming the cantus firmus in medieval(中世纪的) music b : the voice part next to the lowest in a 4-part chorus c : the highest natural adult male singing voice also : a person having this voice d : a member of a family of instruments having a range next lower than that of the alto(男声最高音) 3 : a continuance in a course, movement, or activity 4 : habitual condition : CHARACTER synonyms see TENDENCY adjective : relating to or having the range or part of a tenor

tenable

['tenəbl] a.站得住脚的，无懈可击的 : capable of being held, maintained, or defended : DEFENSIBLE, REASONABLE(可保卫的 可防御的 可辩护的)

tenant

['tenənt] n.房客 noun 1 a : one who holds or possesses real estate or sometimes personal property (as a security) by any kind of right b : one who has the occupation or temporary possession of lands or tenements(公寓, 房间) of another specifically : one who rents or leases(出租) (as a house) from a landlord 2 : OCCUPANT, DWELLER

testimony

['testiməni] n.证言，证明 1 a (1) : the !tablets(碑, 牌, 匾额) inscribed with the Mosaic law (2) : the ark(约柜:保藏犹太法约的木柜) containing the tablets b : a divine !decree(法令；教令) attested in the Scriptures 2 a : firsthand authentication of a fact : EVIDENCE b : an outward sign c : a solemn declaration usually made orally by a witness under !oath in response to !interrogation(质问，讯问，审问) by a lawyer or authorized public official 3 a : an open acknowledgment b : a public profession of religious experience

testament

['testəmənt] n.遗嘱；证明 1 a archaic : a !covenant(契约) between God and the human race b capitalized : either of two main divisions of the Bible 2 a : a tangible(可触知的.明确的 确切的 真实的) proof or tribute(赞辞；贡物) b : an expression of conviction : CREED(信条，教义) 3 a : an act by which a person determines the disposition of his or her property after death b : WILL

tether

['teðə] v.用绳或链拴住(牲畜)；n.(拴牲畜的)绳或链；限度，范围 noun 1 : something (as a rope or chain) by which an animal is fastened so that it can range only within a set radius 2 : the limit of one's strength or resources <at the end of my tether> transitive verb : to fasten or restrain by or as if by a tether <felt tethered to her desk until the work was done>

teeter

['ti:tə] v.摇摆，踌躇 1 a : to move unsteadily : WOBBLE(摇晃；犹豫) b : WAVER(摇摆；犹豫), VACILLATE(犹豫不决；摇动，摇摆) <teetered on the brink of bankruptcy> 2 : SEESAW 1 a : to move backward and forward or up and down b : to play at seesaw 2 : ALTERNATE <seesaw between two activities> transitive verb : to cause to move in seesaw fashion noun : SEESAW 2B : the plank or apparatus so used (跷跷板)

tickler

['tikl] n.棘手的问题，难题 1 : a person or device that tickles 2 : a device for jogging(唤起某人记起某事) the memory specifically : a file that serves as a reminder and is arranged to bring matters to timely attention

ticklish

['tikliʃ] a.怕痒的；易怒的 1 a : !TOUCHY(易发脾气的；过于敏感的), OVERSENSITIVE <ticklish about his baldness> b : easily overturned(倾覆, 翻倒) <a canoe is a ticklish craft> 2 : requiring delicate handling <a ticklish subject> 3 : sensitive to tickling(怕痒的)

tadpole

['tædpəul] n.蝌蚪 : a larval amphibian specifically : a frog or toad larva that has a rounded body with a long tail bordered by fins and external gills soon replaced by internal gills and that undergoes a !metamorphosis(变形；生物的变态) to the adult

tackiness

['tækinis] n.胶粘性 : the quality or state of being tacky

tawdry

['tɔ:dri] a.华而不实的，俗丽的 : cheap and gaudy in appearance or quality also : IGNOBLE(卑鄙的) <a tawdry attempt to smear(玷污) his opponent> synonyms see GAUDY

termite

['tə:mait] n.白蚁 Termites are small white insects which live in hot countries in homes made of earth. Termites do a lot of damage by eating wood.

tackle

['tækl] v.处理；n.滑车 noun 1 : a set of the equipment used in a particular activity : GEAR <fishing tackle> 2 a : a ship's rigging b : an assemblage of ropes and pulleys arranged to gain mechanical advantage for hoisting(起重，提升) and pulling(滑轮) 3 a : the act or an instance of tackling b (1) : either of two offensive football players positioned on each side of the center and between guard and end (2) : either of two football players positioned on the inside of a defensive line transitive verb 1 : to attach or secure with or as if with tackle 2 a : to seize, take hold of, or grapple(抓牢，钩住) with especially with the intention of stopping or subduing b : to seize and throw down or stop (an opposing player with the ball) in football 3 : to set about dealing with <tackle the problem> intransitive verb : to tackle an opposing player in football

tally

['tæli] v.(使)一致，符合 noun 1 : a device (as a notched rod or mechanical counter) for visibly recording or accounting especially business transactions 2 a : a recorded reckoning or account (as of items or charges) <keep a daily tally of accidents> b : a score or point made (as in a game) 3 a : a part that corresponds to an opposite or companion member : COMPLEMENT b : a state of correspondence or agreement transitive verb 1 a : to record on or as if on a tally : TABULATE(将（事实或数字）列成表) b : to list or check off (as a cargo) by items c : to register (as a score) in a contest 2 : to make a count of : RECKON 3 : to cause to correspond intransitive verb 1 a : to make a tally by or as if by tabulating b : to register a point in a contest : SCORE 2 : CORRESPOND, MATCH

talisman

['tælizmən] n.避邪物，护身符 1 : an object held to act as a charm to avert evil and bring good fortune = amulet 2 : something producing apparently magical or miraculous effects

talon

['tælən] n.猛禽的锐爪 1 a : the claw of an animal and especially of a bird of prey b : a finger or hand of a human being 2 : a part or object shaped like or suggestive of a heel or claw: as a : an ogee molding b : the shoulder of the bolt of a lock on which the key acts to shoot the bolt 3 a : cards laid aside in a pile in solitaire(独粒宝石, 单人纸牌) b : STOCK 10C : the portion of a pack of cards not distributed to the players at the beginning of a game

tamper

['tæmpə] v.损害，窜改, 干预或干涉某事 1 : to carry on underhand or improper negotiations (as by bribery(受贿，行贿，贿络行为)) 2 a : to interfere so as to weaken or change for the worse - used with with <did not want to tamper with tradition> b : to try foolish or dangerous experiments - used with with c : to render something harmful or dangerous by altering its structure or composition <was charged with tampering with consumer products>

tangible

['tændʒəbl] a.可触摸的 1 a : capable of being perceived especially by the sense of touch : PALPABLE b : substantially real : MATERIAL 2 : capable of being precisely identified or realized by the mind <her grief was tangible> 3 : capable of being appraised at an actual or approximate value <tangible assets> synonyms see PERCEPTIBLE PERCEPTIBLE applies to what can be discerned by the senses often to a minimal extent <a perceptible difference in sound to a careful listener>. TANGIBLE suggests what is capable of being handled or grasped both physically and mentally <no tangible evidence of UFOs>.

tantalize

['tæntəlaiz] v.挑惹，挑逗 transitive verb : to tease or torment by or as if by presenting something desirable to the view but continually keeping it out of reach intransitive verb : to cause one to be tantalized

tantamount

['tæntəmaunt] a.与...相等的 : equivalent in value, significance, or effect <a relationship tantamount to marriage>

tapestry

['tæpistri] n.挂毯 1 a : a heavy handwoven reversible(双面布料) textile used for hangings, curtains, and upholstery(织物，填充料) and characterized by complicated pictorial designs b : a nonreversible imitation of tapestry used chiefly for upholstery(家俱装璜业中所用的织物，填充料) c : embroidery(刺绣品) on canvas resembling woven tapestry <needlepoint tapestry> 2 : something resembling tapestry (as in complexity or richness of design) <nature's rich tapestry>

tariff

['tærif] n.关税 noun 1 a : a schedule of duties imposed by a government on imported or in some countries exported goods b : a duty or rate of duty imposed in such a schedule 2 : a schedule of rates or charges of a business or a public utility 3 : PRICE, CHARGE transitive verb : to subject to a tariff

tacit

['tæsit] a.心照不宣的 1 : expressed or carried on without words or speech <the blush was a tacit answer - Bram Stoker> 2 : implied or indicated (as by an act or by silence) but not actually expressed <tacit consent> <tacit admission of guilt>

taciturn

['tæsitə:n] a.沉默寡言的 : temperamentally !disinclined(不愿的；勉强的) to talk synonyms see SILENT SILENT implies a habit of saying no more than is needed <the strong, silent type>. TACITURN implies a temperamental(性情的，喜怒无常的) disinclination to speech and usually connotes unsociability <taciturn villagers>.

tatty

['tæti] a.简陋的，不整洁的 : rather worn, !frayed(磨损的), or !dilapidated(破旧的；残垣断壁的) : SHABBY <a tatty shirt>

tangle

['tæŋgl] v.缠结；n.纷乱 transitive verb 1 : to involve so as to hamper, obstruct, or !embarrass 2 : to seize and hold in or as if in a !snare(罗网，陷阱) : ENTRAP 3 : to unite or knit(编织) together in !intricate confusion intransitive verb 1 : to interact in a contentious or conflicting way 2 : to become entangled noun 1 : a tangled twisted mass : !SNARL(纠缠) 2 a : a complicated or confused state or condition b : a state of perplexity or complete bewilderment 3 : a serious !altercation(争吵，争论) : DISPUTE 4 : NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE(神经纤维缠结) noun : a large seaweed

tango

['tæŋgəu] n.探戈舞 noun 1 : a ballroom dance of Latin-American origin in 2/4 time with a basic pattern of step-step-step-step-close and characterized by long pauses and stylized body positions also : the music for this dance 2 : interaction marked by a lack of straightforwardness <the suspect's tango with police> intransitive verb : to dance the tango

tangy

['tæŋi] a.强烈的，扑鼻的 : having or suggestive of a tang A tangy flavour or smell is one that is sharp, especially a flavour like that of lemon juice or a smell like that of sea air.

terminate

['tə:mineit] v.终止，结束 adjective : coming to an end or capable of ending intransitive verb 1 : to extend only to a limit (as a point or line) especially : to reach a terminus 2 : to form an ending 3 : to come to an end in time transitive verb 1 a : to bring to an end : CLOSE <terminate a marriage by divorce> <terminate a transmission line> b : to form the conclusion of <review questions terminate each chapter> c : to discontinue the employment of <workers terminated because of slow business> 2 : to serve as an ending, limit, or boundary of 3 : ASSASSINATE(暗杀, 行刺), KILL synonyms see CLOSE TERMINATE implies the setting of a limit in time or space <your employment terminates after three months>.

terminal

['tə:minl] a.末端的；n.终点站，终端 adjective 1 a : of or relating to an end, extremity, boundary, or terminus <a terminal !pillar(栋梁)> b : growing at the end of a branch or stem <a terminal bud> 2 a : of, relating to, or occurring in a term or each term <terminal payments> b (1) : leading ultimately to death : FATAL <terminal cancer> (2) : approaching or close to death : being in the final stages of a fatal disease <a terminal patient> (3) : of or relating to patients with a terminal illness <terminal care> c : extremely or hopelessly severe <terminal boredom> 3 a : occurring at or constituting the end of a period or series : CONCLUDING <the terminal moments of life> b : not intended as preparation for further academic work <a terminal curriculum> synonyms see LAST noun 2 : a terminating usually ornamental(装饰的) detail : FINIAL 4 a : either end of a carrier line having facilities for the handling of freight and passengers b : a freight or passenger station that is central to a considerable area or serves as a junction at any point with other lines c : a town or city at the end of a carrier line : TERMINUS

terminus

['tə:minəs] n.(火车，汽车)终点站 1 : a final goal : a finishing point 2 : a post or stone marking a boundary 3 : either end of a transportation line or travel route also : the station, town, or city at such a place : TERMINAL 4 : an extreme point or element : TIP <the terminus of a glacier>

chipmunk

['tʃipmʌŋk] n.花栗鼠(像松鼠的美洲小动物)

chisel

['tʃizl] n.凿子；v.凿；欺骗 : a metal tool with a sharpened edge at one end used to chip, carve, or cut into a solid material (as wood, stone, or metal) vt. 1 : to cut or work with or as if with a chisel 2 : to employ shrewd or unfair practices on in order to obtain one's end also : to obtain by such practices <chisel a job> vi. 1 : to work with or as if with a chisel 2 a : to employ shrewd or unfair practices b : to thrust oneself : INTRUDE(闯入) <chisel in on a racket>

chuckle

['tʃʌkl] v.轻声地笑 1 : to laugh inwardly or quietly 2 : to make a continuous gentle sound resembling suppressed mirth <the clear bright water chuckled over gravel(鹅卵石)>

ennui

['ɒ:nwi:] n.倦怠，无聊；v.使无聊 : a feeling of weariness and dissatisfaction : BOREDOM

entrée

['ɔntrei] n.正餐前的开胃菜；获准进入的权利 1 a : the act or manner of entering : ENTRANCE b : freedom of entry or access 2 : the main course of a meal in the U.S.

irksome

['ə:ksəm] a.令人苦恼的，讨厌的 : tending to irk : TEDIOUS <an irksome task>

earnest

['ə:nist] a.认真的 If something is done or happens in earnest, it happens to a much greater extent and more seriously than before.= seriously Campaigning will begin in earnest tomorrow... Earnest people are very serious and sincere in what they say or do, because they think that their actions and beliefs are important. Ella was a pious, earnest woman... earnestness [N-UNCOUNT] He was admired by many for his earnestness. If you are in earnest, you are sincere in what you are doing and saying. No one could tell whether he was in earnest or in jest.

thermal

['θə:məl] a.热的，热量的；温暖的n.热气流 adjective 1 : of, relating to, or marked by the presence of hot springs <thermal waters> 2 a : of, relating to, or caused by heat <thermal stress> <thermal insulation> b : being or involving a state of matter dependent upon temperature <thermal conductivity> <thermal agitation of molecular structure> c : having low energies of the order of those due to thermal agitation <thermal neutrons> 3 : designed (as with insulating air spaces) to prevent the !dissipation of body heat <thermal underwear> noun : a rising body of warm air

bibliography

[`bibli'ɔgrəfi] n.文献学；参考书目 A bibliography is a list of books on a particular subject. A bibliography is a list of the books and articles that are referred to in a particular book.

jurisdiction

[`dʒuəris'dikʃən] n.司法权，审判权，裁判权 1 : the power, right, or authority to interpret and apply the law 2 a : the authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate b : the power or right to exercise authority : CONTROL 3 : the limits or territory within which authority may be exercised JURISDICTION applies to official power exercised within prescribed limits <the bureau having jurisdiction over alcohol and firearms>.

justification

[`dʒʌstifi'keiʃ(ə)n] n.正当理由，好的（正义的）原因；辨护 1 : the act, process, or state of being justified by God 2 a : the act or an instance of justifying : VINDICATION(辩护，洗冤) b : something that justifies 3 : the process or result of justifying lines of text

efficacious

[`efi'keiʃəs] a.有效的 : having the power to produce a desired effect <an efficacious remedy>

effervesce

[`efə'ves] v.冒泡；热情洋溢 1 : to bubble, hiss, and foam as gas escapes 2 : to show liveliness or exhilaration

elephantine

[`eli'fæntain] a.笨拙的，庞大的 1 a : having enormous size or strength : MASSIVE b : CLUMSY, PONDEROUS <elephantine verse> 2 : of or relating to an elephant

elementary

[`eli'mentəri] a.初级的 Something that is elementary is very simple and basic.= basic ...elementary computer skills. 1 a : of, relating to, or being an element specifically : existing as an uncombined chemical element b (1) : of, relating to, or being the basic or essential constituent of something : FUNDAMENTAL <elementary biological needs> (2) : SIMPLE, UNCOMPLICATED <elementary food> 2 : of, relating to, or resembling a great force of nature <the rains come with elementary violence> <elemental passions>

elocution

[`elə'kju:ʃən] n.演说术 1 : a style of speaking especially in public 2 : the art of effective public speaking

?interference

[`intə'fiərəns] n.干涉，妨碍 interim ['intərim] n.中间时期，过渡时期；a.暂时的 : an intervening time : INTERVAL : done, made, appointed, or occurring for an interim interjection [`intə'dʒekʃən] n.插入语；感叹词 1 a : the act of uttering exclamations : EJACULATION b : the act of putting in between : INTERPOSITION 2 : an ejaculatory utterance usually lacking grammatical connection: as a : a word or phrase used in exclamation (as Heavens! Dear me!) b : a cry or inarticulate(非言语表达的) utterance (as Alas! ouch! phooey! ugh!) expressing an emotion 3 : something that is interjected or that interrupts interlock [`intə'lɔk] v.连锁，连串 : to become locked together or interconnected transitive verb 1 : to lock together : UNITE 2 : to connect so that the motion or operation of any part is constrained by another interlocking [`intə(:)'lɔkiŋ] a.连锁的,交织在一起的 interlude ['intə(:)`lu:d] n.(活动间的)暂时休息 1 : a usually short simple play or dramatic entertainment 2 : an intervening or interruptive period, space, or event : INTERVAL 3 : a musical composition inserted between the parts of a longer composition, a drama, or a religious service intermediary [`intə'mi:diəri] n.仲裁者；中间物；a.中间的，媒介的 noun. 1 a : MEDIATOR, GO-BETWEEN b : MEDIUM, MEANS 2 : an intermediate form, product, or stage adjective 1 : INTERMEDIATE 2 : acting as a mediator <an intermediary agent> <an intermediary particle> interminable [in'tə:minəbl] a.无尽头的 : having or seeming to have no end especially : wearisomely(使疲倦的) protracted(拖延的) <an interminable sermon(布道)>

interrogative

[`intə'rɔgətiv] a.疑问的 adjective 1 a : used in a question b : having the form or force of a question 2 : INQUISITIVE, QUESTIONING noun 1 : a word (as who, what, which) or a particle (as Latin -ne) used in asking questions 2 : QUESTION 1A (1) : an interrogative expression often used to test knowledge (2) : an interrogative sentence or clause

interrupt

[`intə'rʌpt] v.暂时中止；打断，打扰 transitive verb 1 : to stop or hinder by breaking in <interrupted the speaker with frequent questions> 2 : to break the uniformity or continuity of <a hot spell occasionally interrupted by a period of cool weather> intransitive verb : to break in upon an action especially : to break in with questions or remarks while another is speaking If someone or something interrupts a process or activity, they stop it for a period of time. He has rightly interrupted his holiday in Spain to return to London... intersect [`intə'sekt] v.横截，横断 transitive verb : to pierce or divide by passing through or across : CROSS <a comet intersecting earth's orbit> <one line intersects another> intransitive verb 1 : to meet and cross at a point <lines intersecting at right angles> 2 : to share a common area : OVERLAP <where morality and self-interest intersect> intersperse [`intə(:)'spə:s] v.散布；点缀 1 : to place something at intervals in or among <intersperse a book with pictures> 2 : to insert at intervals among other things <interspersing drawings throughout the text> intertwine [`intə(:)'twain] v.纠缠，缠，绕 : to unite by twining(缠绕) one with another intransitive verb : to twine about one another also : to become mutually involved

intervene

[`intə'vi:n] v.干涉，介入 1 : to occur, fall, or come between points of time or events <only six months intervened between their marriage and divorce> 2 : to enter or appear as an irrelevant or extraneous feature or circumstance <it's business as usual until a crisis intervenes> 3 a : to come in or between by way of hindrance or modification <intervene to stop a fight> b : to interfere with the outcome or course especially of a condition or process (as to prevent harm or improve functioning) 4 : to occur or lie between two things 5 a : to become a third party to a legal proceeding begun by others for the protection of an alleged interest b : to interfere usually by force or threat of force in another nation's internal affairs especially to compel or prevent an action intimate ['intimit] a.亲密的；n.密友；v.暗示 transitive verb 1 : to make known especially publicly or formally : ANNOUNCE 2 : to communicate delicately and indirectly : HINT synonyms see SUGGEST adjective 1 a : INTRINSIC, ESSENTIAL b : belonging to or characterizing one's deepest nature 2 : marked by very close association, contact, or familiarity <intimate knowledge of the law> 3 a : marked by a warm friendship developing through long association <intimate friends> b : suggesting informal warmth or privacy <intimate clubs> 4 : of a very personal or private nature <intimate secrets> noun : an intimate friend or confidant(知己) intimidate [in'timideit] v.恐吓；胁迫 : to make timid or fearful : FRIGHTEN especially : to compel or deter( 威慑) by or as if by threats <tried to intimidate a witness>

interpose

[`intə(:)'pəuz] v.置于...之间；使介入 transitive verb 1 a : to place in an intervening position b : to put (oneself) between : INTRUDE(闯入) 2 : to put forth by way of interference or intervention 3 : to introduce or throw in between the parts of a conversation or argument intransitive verb 1 : to be or come between 2 : to step in between parties at variance : INTERVENE 3 : INTERRUPT

interregnum

[`intə(:)'regnəm] n.无王时期 1 : the time during which a throne is vacant(空缺的) between two successive reigns(君主统治) or regimes 2 : a period during which the normal functions of government or control are suspended 3 : a lapse or pause in a continuous series interrogate [in'terəgeit] v.审问，审讯 1 : to question formally and systematically 2 : to give or send out a signal to (as a transponder) for triggering an appropriate response

innovation

[`inəu'veiʃən] n.创新，改革 1 : the introduction of something new 2 : a new idea, method, or device : NOVELTY

iridescent

[`iri'desnt] a.闪彩光的，现晕光的 : having or exhibiting iridescence(彩虹色) Something that is iridescent has many bright colours that seem to keep changing. (LITERARY)

irredeemable

[`iri'di:məbl] a.无法挽回的 1 : not redeemable(可赎回的，可偿还的): as a : not terminable by payment of the principal <irredeemable bond(不可兑换债券)> b : INCONVERTIBLE A of paper money : not exchangeable for coin 2 : being beyond remedy(补救办法) : HOPELESS <irredeemable mistakes> If someone or something has an irredeemable fault, it cannot be corrected. (FORMAL) = incurable

irreducible

[`iri'dju:səbl] a.不能约的 1 : impossible to transform into or restore to a desired or simpler condition <an irreducible matrix> specifically : incapable of being factored into polynomials of lower degree with coefficients in some given field (as the rational numbers) or integral domain (as the integers) <an irreducible equation> 2 : impossible to make less or smaller <an irreducible minimum>

irremediable

[`iri'mi:diəbl] a.无法治愈的，无法纠正的 : not remediable <an irremediable error> also : INCURABLE

connotation

[`kɔnəu'teiʃən] n.言外之意，含蓄义 The connotations of a particular word or name are the ideas or qualities which it makes you think of.= association 1 a : the suggesting of a meaning by a word apart from the thing it explicitly names or describes b : something suggested by a word or thing : IMPLICATION <the connotations of comfort that surrounded that old chair> 2 : the signification of something <that abuse of logic which consists in moving counters about as if they were known entities with a fixed connotation W. R. Inge> 3 : an essential property or group of properties of a thing named by a term in logic ― compare DENOTATION

conscientious

[`kɔnʃi'enʃəs] a.尽责的；小心谨慎的 Someone who is conscientious is very careful to do their work properly.

coincide

[`kəuin'said] v.巧合；一致 If one event coincides with another, they happen at the same time. If the ideas or interests of two or more people coincide, they are the same. 1 a : to occupy the same place in space or time b : to occupy exactly corresponding or equivalent positions on a scale or in a series 2 : to correspond in nature, character, or function 3 : to be in accord or agreement : CONCUR(意见相同) synonyms see AGREE

coalesce

[`kəuə'les] v.联合，合并 If two or more things coalesce, they come together and form a larger group or system. (FORMAL) = merge vi. 1 : to grow together 2 a : to unite into a whole:FUSE <separate townships have coalesced into a single, sprawling colony > b : to unite for a common end : join forces <people with different points of view coalesce into opposing factions > 3 : to arise from the combination of distinct elements <an organized and a popular resistance immediately coalesced> vt: to cause to unite <sometimes a book coalesces a public into a mass market > synonyms see MIX

coalition

[`kəuə'liʃən] n.结合，联合 A coalition is a government consisting of people from two or more political parties. A coalition is a group consisting of people from different political or social groups who are co-operating to achieve a particular aim.= alliance 1 a : the act of coalescing : UNION b : a body formed by the coalescing of orig. distinct elements : COMBINATION 2 : a temporary alliance of distinct parties, persons, or states for joint action

liability

[`laiə'biliti] n.责任；债务 1 a : the quality or state of being liable b : PROBABILITY 2 : something for which one is liable especially : pecuniary(钱财上的) obligation : DEBT - usually used in plural 3 : one that acts as a disadvantage : DRAWBACK

legislation

[`ledʒis'leiʃən] n.法律，法规，立法 1 : the action of legislating specifically : the exercise of the power and function of making rules (as laws) that have the force of authority by virtue of their promulgation by an official organ of a state or other organization 2 : the enactments of a legislator or a legislative body 3 : a matter of business for or under consideration by a legislative body

legerdemain

[`ledʒədə'mein] n.手法；戏法 1 : SLEIGHT(敏捷的巧妙手法dexterity) OF HAND 2 : a display of skill or adroitness

lexicographer

[`leksi'kɔgrəfə] n.词典编纂人 : an author or editor of a dictionary

liberality

[`libə'ræliti] n.慷慨；心胸开阔 : the quality or state of being liberal also : an instance of this

litigation

[`liti'geiʃən] n.诉讼 litigate [`liti'geiʃən] v. 对簿法庭，诉讼 intransitive verb : to carry on a legal contest by judicial process transitive verb 2 : to contest at law <litigate a claim>

literati

[`litə'rɑ:ti] n.文人；学者(复数) 1 : the educated class also : INTELLIGENTSIA 2 : persons interested in literature or the arts

lackadaisical

[`lækə'deizikəl] a.无精打采的；无兴趣的 : lacking life, spirit, or zest(刺激性；兴趣) : LANGUID(没精打采的) synonyms see LANGUID LACKADAISICAL implies a carefree indifference marked by halfhearted efforts <lackadaisical college seniors pretending to study>.

long-winded

[`lɔŋ'windid] a.冗长的,气长的 1 : tediously long in speaking or writing 2 : not easily subject to loss of breath

locomotive

[`ləukə'məutiv] a.移动的；n.机车，火车头 adjective 1 : LOCOMOTORY(运动的，移动的) 2 : of or relating to travel 3 : of, relating to, or being a machine that moves about by operation of its own mechanism noun 1 : a self-propelled vehicle that runs on rails and is used for moving railroad cars 2 : a school or college cheer characterized by a slow beginning and a progressive increase in speed

locomotion

[`ləukə'məuʃ(ə)n] n.运动，移动 1 : an act or the power of moving from place to place 2 : TRAVEL <interest in free locomotion and choice of occupation - Zechariah Chafee Jr.>

magisterial

[`mædʒis'tiəriəl] a.有权威的；威风的 1 a (1) : of, relating to, or having the characteristics of a master or teacher : AUTHORITATIVE (2) : marked by an overbearingly(傲慢的) dignified or assured manner or aspect b : of, relating to, or required for a master's degree 2 : of or relating to a magistrate(地方行政官) or a magistrate's office or duties synonyms see DICTATORIAL synonyms DICTATORIAL, MAGISTERIAL, DOGMATIC, DOCTRINAIRE, ORACULAR mean imposing one's will or opinions on others. MAGISTERIAL stresses assumption or use of prerogatives(特权) appropriate to a magistrate or schoolmaster in forcing acceptance of one's opinions <the magisterial tone of his pronouncements>.

magnanimity

[`mægnə'nimiti] n.慷慨 1 : the quality of being magnanimous : loftiness of spirit enabling one to bear trouble calmly, to disdain(轻视) meanness and pettiness(琐碎), and to display a noble generosity 2 : a magnanimous act

maladroit

[`mælə'drɔit] a.笨拙的 : lacking adroitness : INEPT synonyms see AWKWARD MALADROIT suggests a tendency to create awkward situations <a maladroit politician>.

sybaritic

[`sibə'ritik] a.放纵的 Someone who has a sybaritic way of life spends a lot of time relaxing in a luxurious way. (FORMAL)

symbiosis

[`simbai'əusis] n.共生(关系) 1 : the living together in more or less intimate association or close union of two dissimilar organisms (as in parasitism or commensalism) especially : MUTUALISM 2 : a cooperative relationship (as between two persons or groups) <the symbiosis between the resident population and the immigrants - John Geipel>

bleach

[bli:tʃ] v.漂白 If you bleach something, you use a chemical to make it white or pale in colour. If the sun bleaches something, or something bleaches, its colour gets paler until it is almost white. Bleach is a chemical that is used to make cloth white, or to clean things thoroughly and kill germs. vt. 1 : to remove color or stains from 2 a : to make whiter or lighter especially by physical or chemical removal of color <bleach clothing> <the sun had bleached her hair> b : to remove, make dull, or sanitize as if by removing color <bleaches colonialism of its genocidal legacy> vi. 1 : to grow white or lose color 2 of coral : to expel symbiotic zooxanthellae exposing a white skeleton

blanch

[blɑ:ntʃ] v.使变白；使(脸色)变苍白 If you blanch, you suddenly become very pale. If you say that someone blanches at something, you mean that they find it unpleasant and do not want to be involved with it. Everything he had said had been a mistake. He blanched at his miscalculations... If you blanch vegetables, fruit, or nuts, you put them into boiling water for a short time, usually in order to remove their skins, or to prepare them for freezing. vt : to take the color out of: as a : to bleach by excluding light b : to scald or parboil in water or steam in order to remove the skin from, whiten, or stop enzymatic action in (as food for freezing) c : to make ashen(苍白的) or pale <fear blanches the cheek> vi : to become white or pale

blotch

[blɔtʃ] n.(皮肤上的)红斑点；(墨水等)大斑点 A blotch is a small unpleasant-looking area of colour, for example on someone's skin. = mark 1 : IMPERFECTION, BLEMISH 2 : a spot or mark (as of color or ink) especially when large or irregular

blur

[blə:] n.模糊不清的事物；v.使...模糊 A blur is a shape or area which you cannot see clearly because it has no distinct outline or because it is moving very fast. When a thing blurs or when something blurs it, you cannot see it clearly because its edges are no longer distinct. If something blurs an idea or a distinction between things, that idea or distinction no longer seems clear. If your vision blurs, or if something blurs it, you cannot see things clearly.

blurb

[blə:b] n.简介；印在书籍封套上的推荐广告 The blurb about a new book, film, or exhibition is information about it that is written in order to attract people's interest. (INFORMAL)

blurt

[blə:t] v.脱口而出 If someone blurts something, they say it suddenly, after trying hard to keep quiet or to keep it secret.

blunt

[blʌnt] a.钝的；直率的；v.变钝 If you are blunt, you say exactly what you think without trying to be polite. 1 a : slow or deficient in feeling : INSENSITIVE b : obtuse in understanding or discernment(眼光；洞察) : DULL 2 : having an edge or point that is not sharp <a blunt instrument> 3 a : abrupt in speech or manner b : being straight to the point : DIRECT

blush

[blʌʃ] v.因某事物脸红；n.因羞愧等脸上泛出的红晕 When you blush, your face becomes redder than usual because you are ashamed or embarrassed.

bribe

[braib] v.贿赂 If one person bribes another, they give them a bribe.

braid

[breid] n.穗子,发辫,v.编成辫子 Braid is a narrow piece of decorated cloth or twisted threads, which is used to decorate clothes or curtains. If you braid hair or a group of threads, you twist three or more lengths of the hair or threads over and under each other to make one thick length. (AM

brake

[breik] n.刹车；v.减速，阻止 You can use brake in a number of expressions to indicate that something has slowed down or stopped. Illness had put a brake on his progress...

breed

[bri:d] v.繁殖；教养；n.品种，种类 If you say that something breeds bad feeling or bad behaviour, you mean that it causes bad feeling or bad behaviour to develop. = create You can refer to someone or something as one of a particular breed of person or thing when you want to talk about what they are like.

breach

[bri:tʃ] n.裂缝，缺口；v.打破，裂开；违背 If you breach an agreement, a law, or a promise, you break it. = violate A breach in a relationship is a serious disagreement which often results in the relationship ending. (FORMAL)= rift, rupture If someone or something breaches a barrier, they make an opening in it, usually leaving it weakened or destroyed. (FORMAL) = rupture Fire may have breached the cargo tanks and set the oil ablaze. If you breach someone's security or their defences, you manage to get through and attack an area that is heavily guarded and protected. If you step into the breach, you do a job or task which someone else was supposed to do or has done in the past, because they are suddenly unable to do it.

brisk

[brisk] a.敏捷的，活泼的；清新健康的 A brisk activity or action is done quickly and in an energetic way. If trade or business is brisk, things are being sold very quickly and a lot of money is being made. (BUSINESS) = good If the weather is brisk, it is cold and fresh. Someone who is brisk behaves in a busy, confident way which shows that they want to get things done quickly.

brood

[bru:d] n.一窝幼鸟；v.孵蛋；冥想 You can refer to someone's young children as their brood when you want to emphasize that there are a lot of them. If someone broods over something, they think about it a lot, seriously and often unhappily.

brute

[bru:t] n./a.野兽(的)；残忍的(人) If you call someone, usually a man, a brute, you mean that they are rough, violent, and insensitive. When you refer to brute strength or force, you are contrasting it with gentler methods or qualities. 1 : of or relating to beasts <the ways of the brute world> 2 : INANIMATE 1A 3 : characteristic of an animal in quality, action, or instinct: as a : CRUEL, SAVAGE <brute violence> b : not working by reason <brute instinct> 4 : purely physical <brute strength> <brute force> 5 : unrelievedly harsh <brute facts> <brute necessity>

bruit

[bru:t] v.散布(谣言) : REPORT, RUMOR ― usually used with about <word of his imminent dismissal was bruited about> 2 \'brü-ē\ [F, literally, noise] : any of several generally abnormal sounds heard on auscultation

brook

[bruk] n.小河 = CREEK 2 to stand for : TOLERATE <he would brook no interference with his plans> If someone in a position of authority will brook no interference or opposition, they will not accept any interference or opposition from others.

judicial

[dʒu(:)'diʃəl] a.法庭的，法官的 1 a : of or relating to a judgment, the function of judging, the administration of justice, or the judiciary <judicial processes> b : belonging to the branch of government that is charged with trying all cases that involve the government and with the administration of justice within its jurisdiction 2 : ordered or enforced by a court <a judicial sale> 3 : of, characterized by, or expressing judgment : CRITICAL 1B : CRUCIAL, DECISIVE <a critical test> 4 : arising from a judgment of God 5 : belonging or appropriate to a judge or the judiciary

judicious

[dʒu(:)'diʃəs] a.有判断力的；明智的 : having, exercising, or characterized by sound judgment : DISCREET(言行谨慎的有理智的自我控制) synonyms see WISE JUDICIOUS stresses a capacity for reaching wise decisions or just conclusions <judicious parents using kindness and discipline in equal measure>.

judiciousness

[dʒu(:)'diʃəsnis] n.明智；审慎 【反】indiscretion（n 不慎重）

jubilation

[dʒu:bi'leiʃ(ə)n] n.欢快，欢庆 1 : an act of rejoicing(欣喜) : the state of being jubilant(喜悦的) 2 : an expression of great joy

jamb

[dʒæm] n.门窗的侧柱 1 : an upright piece or surface forming the side of an opening (as for a door, window, or fireplace) 2 : a projecting columnar part or mass

jazz

[dʒæz] n.爵士乐；喧闹 2 : empty talk : HUMBUG(花招, 谎话) <spouted all the scientific jazz - Pete Martin> 3 : similar but unspecified things : STUFF <that wind, and the waves, and all that jazz - John Updike>

jar

[dʒɑ:] v.冲突，抵触；震惊；发刺耳声 intransitive verb 1 a : to make a harsh or discordant sound b : to have a harshly disagreeable or disconcerting effect c : to be out of harmony specifically : BICKER(为琐事争吵) 2 : to undergo severe vibration transitive verb : to cause to jar: as a : to affect disagreeably : UNSETTLE(使不安或担忧) b : to make unstable or loose : SHAKE <jar the ball free>

jaunt

[dʒɔ:nt] n./v.短程旅游 intransitive verb 2 : to make a usually short journey for pleasure noun 2 : an excursion undertaken especially for pleasure

?jog

[dʒɔg] v.慢而平静地前进

jot

[dʒɔt] v.摘要记录 noun : the least bit : IOTA transitive verb : to write briefly or hurriedly : set down in the form of a note <jot this down>

jerk

[dʒə:k] n./v.突然猛拉 verb If you jerk something or someone in a particular direction, or they jerk in a particular direction, they move a short distance very suddenly and quickly. If you call someone a jerk, you are insulting them because you think they are stupid or you do not like them. (INFORMAL, OFFENSIVE) If you call someone's response to a question or situation a knee-jerk reaction, you mean that they react in a very predictable way, without thinking.

jolt

[dʒəult] v.颠簸着移动；n.震动，摇晃 If something jolts or if something jolts it, it moves suddenly and quite violently. If something jolts someone, it gives them an unpleasant surprise or shock. Jolt is also a noun.

effete

[e'fi:t] a.无生产力；虚弱的 If you describe someone as effete, you are criticizing them for being weak and powerless. (FORMAL) 1 : no longer fertile 2 a : having lost character, vitality, or strength <the effete monarchies - of feudal Europe G. M. Trevelyan> b : marked by weakness or decadence <the effete East> c : soft or delicate from or as if from a pampered(娇生惯养) existence <peddled-trendy tweeds to effete Easterners - William Helmer> <effete tenderfeet> also : characteristic of an effete person <a wool scarf - a bit effete on an outdoorsman>

effrontery

[e'frʌntəri] n.厚颜无耻 Effrontery is behaviour that is bold, rude, or disrespectful. (FORMAL) : shameless boldness : INSOLENCE shameless, insolent disregard of propriety or courtesy <outraged at his effrontery>.

eclecticism

[e'klektisizəm] n.折衷主义 Eclecticism is the principle or practice of choosing or involving objects, ideas, and beliefs from many different sources. (FORMAL)

ebb

[eb] n.& v.退潮；衰退 1 : the reflux of the tide toward the sea 2 : a point or condition of decline <our spirits were at a low ebb> 1 : to recede from the flood 2 : to fall from a higher to a lower level or from a better to a worse state <his popularity ebbed>

elite

[ei'li:t] n.精华，中坚 Elite people or organizations are considered to be the best of their kind. You can refer to the most powerful, rich, or talented people within a particular group, place, or society as the elite.

eclectic

[ek'lektik] a.折衷的，综合性的 1 : selecting what appears to be best in various doctrines, methods, or styles 2 : composed of elements drawn from various sources also : HETEROGENEOUS

ecstatic

[eks'tætik] a.狂喜的，心花怒放的 If you are ecstatic, you feel very happy and full of excitement. You can use ecstatic to describe reactions that are very enthusiastic and excited. For example, if someone receives an ecstatic reception or an ecstatic welcome, they are greeted with great enthusiasm and excitement.= rapturous They gave an ecstatic reception to the speech...

embargo

[em'bɒ:gəu] n.禁运令，封港令 If one country or group of countries imposes an embargo against another, it forbids trade with that country. If goods of a particular kind are embargoed, people are not allowed to import them from a particular country or export them to a particular country. =ban

empirical

[em'pirikəl] a.经验的，实证的 Empirical evidence or study relies on practical experience rather than theories. 2 : relying on experience or observation alone often without due regard for system and theory <an empirical basis for the theory> 3 : capable of being verified or disproved by observation or experiment <empirical laws>

empiricism

[em'pirisizəm] n.经验主义 Empiricism is the belief that people should rely on practical experience and experiments, rather than on theories as, a basis for knowledge. (FORMAL)

conducive

[kən'dju:siv] a.有助于...的 If one thing is conducive to another thing, it makes the other thing likely to happen.

inoculate

[i'nɔkjuleit] v.预防注射 1 a : to introduce a microorganism into <inoculate mice with anthrax> <beans inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria> b : to introduce (as a microorganism) into a suitable situation for growth c : to introduce immunologically active material (as an antibody or antigen) into especially in order to treat or prevent a disease <inoculate children against diphtheria(白喉)> 2 : to introduce something into the mind of 3 : to protect as if by inoculation synonyms see INFUSE INFUSE implies a pouring in of something that gives new life or significance <new members infused enthusiasm into the club>. INOCULATE implies an imbuing or implanting with a germinal idea and often suggests stealth or subtlety <an electorate(有权选举的人) inoculated with dangerous ideas>.

innocuous

[i'nɔkjuəs] a.(行为，言论等)无害的 1 : producing no injury : HARMLESS 2 : not likely to give offense or to arouse strong feelings or hostility : INOFFENSIVE, INSIPID(枯燥无味的)

inert

[i'nə:t] a.惰性的.行动迟钝的 1 : lacking the power to move 2 : very slow to move or act : SLUGGISH(行动迟缓的) 3 : deficient in active properties especially : lacking a usual or anticipated chemical or biological action synonyms see INACTIVE INERT as applied to things implies powerlessness to move or to affect other things as applied to persons it suggests an inherent or habitual indisposition to activity <inert ingredients in drugs> <an inert citizenry>.

inertia

[i'nə:ʃjə] n.惰性；懒惰 1 a : a property of matter by which it remains at rest or in uniform motion in the same straight line unless acted upon by some external force b : an analogous property of other physical quantities (as electricity) 2 : indisposition to motion, exertion, or change : INERTNESS

enunciate

[i'nʌnsieit] v.发音；(清楚地)表达 transitive verb 1 a : to make a definite or systematic statement of b : ANNOUNCE, PROCLAIM <enunciated the new policy> 2 : ARTICULATE, PRONOUNCE <enunciate all the syllables> intransitive verb : to utter articulate sounds

irrevocable

[i'revəkəbl] a.无法取消的 : not possible to revoke : UNALTERABLE <an irrevocable decision>

irradicable

[i'rædikəbl] a.不能根除的 : impossible to eradicate : DEEP-ROOTED <irradicable hatred>

egalitarian

[i`gæli'teəriən] a.主张人人平等的 Egalitarian means supporting or following the idea that all people are equal and should have the same rights and opportunities.

elaboration

[i`læbə'reiʃən] n.详细的细节，详尽阐述

eccentric

[ik'sentrik] a.古怪的，反常的；n.古怪的人 1 a : deviating from an established or usual pattern or style <eccentric products> b : deviating from conventional or accepted usage or conduct especially in odd or whimsical ways <an eccentric millionaire> 2 a : deviating from a circular path especially : ELLIPTICAL 1 <an eccentric orbit> b : located elsewhere than at the geometrical center also : having the axis or support so located <an eccentric wheel> synonyms see STRANGE

embed

[im'bed] v.牢牢插入，嵌于 If an object embeds itself in a substance or thing, it becomes fixed there firmly and deeply. If something such as an attitude or feeling is embedded in a society or system, or in someone's personality, it becomes a permanent and noticeable feature of it. b : to make something an integral part of <the prejudices embedded in our language>

embellish

[im'beliʃ] v.装饰，润饰 1 : to make beautiful with ornamentation : DECORATE <a book embellished with illustrations> 2 : to heighten the attractiveness of by adding decorative or fanciful details : ENHANCE <embellished our account of the trip>

embezzlement

[im'bezlmənt] n.贪污，盗用 Embezzlement is the crime of embezzling money. embezzle : to appropriate (as property entrusted to one's care) fraudulently to one's own use <embezzled thousands of dollars>

embrace

[im'breis] v.拥抱；包含 If you embrace someone, you put your arms around them and hold them tightly, usually in order to show your love or affection for them. You can also say that two people embrace. If you embrace a change, political system, or idea, you accept it and start supporting it or believing in it. (FORMAL)

embroider

[im'brɔidə] v.刺绣，修饰 transitive verb 1 a : to ornament with needlework b : to form with needlework 2 : to elaborate on : EMBELLISH <embroider a story> intransitive verb 1 : to make embroidery 2 : to provide embellishments : ELABORATE

embarrass

[im'bærəs] v.使忸怩，使难堪 1 a : to place in doubt, perplexity, or difficulties b : to involve in financial difficulties c : to cause to experience a state of self-conscious distress <bawdy stories embarrassed him> 2 a : to hamper the movement of b : HINDER, IMPEDE 3 : to make intricate : COMPLICATE 4 : to impair the activity of (a bodily function) or the function of (a bodily part) <digestion embarrassed by overeating> intransitive verb : to become anxiously self-conscious <he embarrasses easily>

embody

[im'bɔdi] v.(作品等)表达，体现 To embody an idea or quality means to be a symbol or expression of that idea or quality.= represent If something is embodied in a particular thing, the second thing contains or consists of the first. 1 : to give a body to (a spirit) : INCARNATE 2 a : to deprive of spirituality b : to make concrete and perceptible 3 : to cause to become a body or part of a body : INCORPORATE 4 : to represent in human or animal form : PERSONIFY <men who greatly embodied the idealism of American life>

emboss

[im'bɔs] v.加浮雕花纹于，使凸出 1 : to raise the surface of into bosses especially : to ornament with raised work 2 : to raise in relief from a surface 3 : ADORN, EMBELLISH

embolden

[im'bəuldən] v.鼓励 If you are emboldened by something, it makes you feel confident enough to behave in a particular way.: to instill with boldness or courage

emphatic

[im'fætik] a.重视的，强调的 1 : uttered with or marked by emphasis <an emphatic refusal> 2 : tending to express oneself in forceful speech or to take decisive action 3 : attracting special attention An emphatic win or victory is one in which the winner has won by a large amount or distance.

lode

[ləud] n.矿脉 1 dialect English : WATERWAY 2 : an ore(矿石) deposit 3 : something that resembles a lode : an abundant store

inspired

[in'spaiəd] a.有创见的，有灵感的 : outstanding or brilliant in a way or to a degree suggestive of divine inspiration <gave an inspired performance> install [in'stɔ:l] v.安装，装置；使就职 1 a : to place in an office or dignity by seating in a stall(栏，隔间，铺子) or official seat b : to induct into an office, rank, or order <installed the new president> 2 : to establish in an indicated place, condition, or status <installing herself in front of the fireplace> 3 : to set up for use or service <had an exhaust fan installed in the kitchen> <install software>

inspection

[in'spekʃən] n.检查，细看 1 a : the act of inspecting b : recognition of a familiar pattern leading to immediate solution of a mathematical problem <solve an equation by inspection> 2 : a checking or testing of an individual against established standards inspiration [`inspə'reiʃən] n.启示，灵感 1 a : a divine influence or action on a person believed to qualify him or her to receive and communicate sacred revelation b : the action or power of moving the intellect or emotions c : the act of influencing or suggesting opinions 2 : the act of drawing in specifically : the drawing of air into the lungs 3 a : the quality or state of being inspired b : something that is inspired <a scheme that was pure inspiration> 4 : an inspiring agent or influence

instate

[in'steit] v.任命，安置 2 : to set or establish in a rank or office : INSTALL instigate ['instigeit] v.发起，煽动 : to goad(赶牛棒) or urge forward : PROVOKE

instill

[in'stil] v.滴注；逐渐灌输 1 : to cause to enter drop by drop <instill medication into the infected eye> 2 : to impart(传授) gradually <instilling a love of learning in children>

instinctive

[in'stiŋktiv] a.本能的 1 : of, relating to, or being instinct 2 : prompted by natural instinct or propensity(习性；倾向) : arising spontaneously <an instinctive fear of innovation - V. L. Parrington>

instructive

[in'strʌktiv] a.传授知识的，启蒙的 : carrying a lesson : ENLIGHTENING Something that is instructive gives useful information. = informative instrumental [`instru'mentl] a.有帮助的，有作用的 1 a : serving as a crucial means, agent, or tool <was instrumental in organizing the strike> b : of, relating to, or done with an instrument or tool 2 : relating to, composed for, or performed on a musical instrument 3 : of, relating to, or being a grammatical case or form expressing means or agency 4 : of or relating to instrumentalism 5 : OPERANT(有成效的) 3 <instrumental learning> <instrumental conditioning>

insouciant

[in'su:siənt] a.漫不经心的 : lighthearted unconcern : NONCHALANCE(不关心，无动于衷)

synonyms see PROUD INSOLENT implies contemptuous haughtiness <ignored by an insolent waiter>. insoluble

[in'sɔljubl] a.不溶解的；不能解决的 : not soluble: as b : having or admitting of no solution or explanation <an insoluble problem> c : incapable of being dissolved in a liquid and especially water also : soluble only with difficulty or to a slight degree

insolvency

[in'sɔlvənsi] n.无力偿还；破产 : the fact or state of being insolvent : inability to pay debts insomnia [in'sɔmniə] n.失眠症 : prolonged and usually abnormal inability to obtain adequate sleep

insert

[in'sə:t] v.插入 transitive verb 1 : to put or thrust(推；刺) in <insert the key in the lock> <insert a spacecraft into orbit> 2 : to put or introduce into the body of something : INTERPOLATE(窜改；插入) <insert a change in a manuscript> 3 : to set in and make fast especially : to insert by sewing between two cut edges 4 : to place into action (as in a game) <insert a new pitcher> intransitive verb of a muscle : to be in attachment to the part to be moved

entice

[in'tais] v.怂恿，引诱 : to attract artfully or adroitly or by arousing hope or desire : TEMPT <advertising designed to entice new customers>. synonyms see LURE

entitle

[in'taitl] v.使有权(做某事) If you are entitled to something, you have the right to have it or do it. If the warranty is limited, the terms may entitle you to a replacement or refund... 1 : to give a title to : DESIGNATE 2 : to furnish with proper grounds for seeking or claiming something <this ticket entitles the bearer to free admission>

entail

[in'teil] v.需要，需求，必须 If one thing entails another, it involves it or causes it. (FORMAL) 1 : to restrict (property) by limiting the inheritance to the owner's lineal descendants or to a particular class thereof 2 a : to confer, assign, or transmit as if by entail : FASTEN <entailed on them indelible disgrace -Robert Browning> b : to fix (a person) permanently in some condition or status <entail him and his heirs unto the crown -Shakespeare> 3 : to impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result <the project will entail considerable expense>

intelligible

[in'telidʒəbl] a.可了解的，清晰的 1 : apprehensible by the intellect only 2 : capable of being understood or comprehended <jargon(行话) intelligible only to the initiated>

intensify

[in'tensifai] v.加剧 transitive verb 1 : to make intense or more intensive : STRENGTHEN 2 a : to increase the density and contrast of (a photographic image) by chemical treatment b : to make more acute : SHARPEN intransitive verb : to become intense or more intensive : grow stronger or more acute

intent

[in'tent] a.专心的，渴望的；n.目的，意向 1 a : the act or fact of intending : PURPOSE especially : the design or purpose to commit a wrongful or criminal act <admitted wounding him with intent> b : the state of mind with which an act is done : VOLITION(意志) 2 : a usually clearly formulated or planned intention : AIM <the director's intent> 3 a : MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE b : CONNOTATION 3

synonyms see INTENTION intentional

[in'tenʃənəl] a.存心的，故意的 1 : done by intention or design : INTENDED <intentional damage> 2 a : of or relating to epistemological intention b : having external reference

intuitive

[in'tju(:)itiv] a.直觉的

intrude

[in'tru:d] v.把(思想等)强加于，闯入 intransitive verb 1 : to thrust oneself in without invitation, permission, or welcome 2 : to enter as a geological intrusion transitive verb 1 : to thrust or force in or upon someone or something especially without permission, welcome, or fitness <intruded himself into their lives> 2 : to cause to enter as if by force

intern

[in'tə:n] v.拘禁，软禁；n.实习生 transitive verb : to confine or impound(扣押) especially during a war <intern enemy aliens> noun : an advanced student or graduate usually in a professional field (as medicine or teaching) gaining supervised practical experience (as in a hospital or classroom) intransitive verb : to work as an intern internecine [`intə(:)'ni:sain] a.内讧的，两败俱伤的 1 : marked by slaughter(残杀) : DEADLY especially : mutually destructive 2 : of, relating to, or involving conflict within a group <bitter internecine feuds(争执)> interplay ['intə(:)'plei] v./n.相互影响 : INTERACTION <the interplay of opposing forces>

interpolate

[in'tə:pəuleit] v.插入；篡改 transitive verb 1 a : to alter or corrupt (as a text) by inserting new or foreign matter b : to insert (words) into a text or into a conversation 2 : to insert between other things or parts : INTERCALATE 3 : to estimate values of (data or a function) between two known values intransitive verb : to make insertions (as of estimated values)

enchant

[in'tʃɒ:nt] v.使迷醉；施魔法于 1 : to influence by or as if by charms and incantation : BEWITCH 2 : to attract and move deeply : rouse to ecstatic admiration <the scene enchanted her to the point of tears - Elinor Wylie> synonyms see ATTRACT

inveigh

[in'vei] v.痛骂，抨击 : to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently(强烈的) : RAIL inveigle [in'vi:gl] v.诱骗，诱使 1 : to win over by wiles : ENTICE 2 : to acquire by ingenuity or flattery : WANGLE <inveigled her way into a promotion> synonyms see LURE INVEIGLE implies enticing by cajoling or flattering <fund-raisers inveigling wealthy alumni>.

invade

[in'veid] v.侵犯，侵入 1 : to enter for conquest(征服；战利品) or plunder(抢劫，掠夺) 2 : to encroach(侵占；蚕食) upon : INFRINGE(违反，侵害) 3 a : to spread over or into as if invading : PERMEATE <doubts invade his mind> b : to affect injuriously and progressively <gangrene(坏疽) invades healthy tissue> synonyms see TRESPASS synonyms TRESPASS, ENCROACH, INFRINGE, INVADE mean to make inroads upon the property, territory, or rights of another. TRESPASS implies an unwarranted(没有根据的) or unlawful intrusion <hunters trespassing on farmland>. ENCROACH suggests gradual or stealthy(隐密的) entrance upon another's territory or usurpation of another's rights or possessions <the encroaching settlers displacing the native peoples>. INFRINGE implies an encroachment clearly violating a right or prerogative <infringing a copyright>. INVADE implies a hostile and injurious entry into the territory or sphere of another <accused of invading their privacy>. invective [in'vektiv] n.猛烈抨击，痛骂 1 : an abusive expression or speech 2 : insulting or abusive language : VITUPERATION synonyms see ABUSE adjective : of, relating to, or characterized by insult or abuse

investigate

[in'vestigeit] v.调查 transitive verb : to observe or study by close examination and systematic inquiry intransitive verb : to make a systematic examination especially : to conduct an official inquiry <investigate a crime>

inveterate

[in'vetərit] a.积习已深的 1 : firmly established by long persistence <the inveterate tendency to overlook the obvious> 2 : confirmed in a habit : HABITUAL <an inveterate liar> synonyms INVETERATE, CONFIRMED, CHRONIC mean firmly established. INVETERATE applies to a habit, attitude or feeling of such long existence as to be practically ineradicable or unalterable <an inveterate smoker>. CONFIRMED implies a growing stronger and firmer with time so as to resist change or reform <a confirmed bachelor>. CHRONIC suggests something that is persistent or endlessly recurrent and troublesome <a chronic complainer>. invidious [in'vidiəs] a.惹人反感的，导致伤害和仇恨的，招人嫉妒的 1 : tending to cause discontent, animosity, or envy <the invidious task of arbitration> 2 : ENVIOUS 3 a : of an unpleasant or objectionable nature : OBNOXIOUS <invidious remarks> b : of a kind to cause harm or resentment <an invidious comparison>

invigorate

[in'vigəreit] v.鼓舞，激励 : to give life and energy to : ANIMATE also : STIMULATE 1 : to excite to activity or growth or to greater activity : ANIMATE, AROUSE

invigorating

[in'vigəreitiŋ] a.使人有精神的，使人健壮的 If you describe something as invigorating, you mean that it makes you feel more energetic. inviolable [in'vaiələbl] a.不可侵犯的；不可亵渎的 1 : secure from violation or profanation(亵渎) <an inviolable law> 2 : secure from assault or trespass(侵犯) : UNASSAILABLE <inviolable borders>

involuntary

[in'vɔləntəri] a.无意的 1 : done contrary to or without choice 2 : COMPULSORY 3 : not subject to control of the will : REFLEX(反射作用)

invoke

[in'vəuk] v.祈求；恳求；(法律的)实施生效 1 a : to petition for help or support b : to appeal to or cite as authority 2 : to call forth by incantation : CONJURE(恳求，祈求) 3 : to make an earnest request for : SOLICIT 4 : to put into effect or operation : IMPLEMENT 5 : BRING ABOUT, CAUSE

invulnerable

[in'vʌlnərəbl] a.无法伤害的 1 : incapable of being wounded, injured, or harmed 2 : immune to or proof against attack : IMPREGNABLE

inordinate

[in'ɔ:dinit] a.过度的，过分的 2 : exceeding reasonable limits : IMMODERATE(无节制的) synonyms see EXCESSIVE INORDINATE implies an exceeding of the limits dictated by reason or good judgment <inordinate pride>.

enthralling

[in'θrɔ:liŋ] a.迷人的，吸引人的 Charming enthrall 1 : to hold in or reduce to slavery 2 : to hold spellbound : CHARM

infinitesimal

[in`finə'tesiməl] a.极微小的；n.极小量 adjective 1 : taking on values arbitrarily close to but greater than zero 2 : immeasurably or incalculably small <an infinitesimal difference> noun : an infinitesimal quantity or variable

infatuation

[in`fætju'eiʃən] n.迷恋 If you have an infatuation for a person or thing, you have strong feelings of love or passion for them which make you unable to think clearly or sensibly about them.

infatuate

[in`fætju'eiʃən] transitive verb 1 : to cause to be foolish : deprive of sound judgment 2 : to inspire with a foolish or extravagant love or admiration adjective : being in an infatuated state or condition

condone

[kən'dəun] v.宽恕，原谅 If someone condones behaviour that is morally wrong, they accept it and allow it to happen. ≠ condemn I have never encouraged nor condoned violence...

intangibility

[in`tændʒə'biləti] n.无形，不可接触, 不可把握 intangible [in'tændʒəbl] a.不可触摸的 : not tangible(可感知的,明显的,切实的，明确的) : IMPALPABLE(感觉不到的，隐晦难懂的) <education's intangible benefits> noun : something intangible: as a : an asset (as goodwill) that is not corporeal(有形的) b : an abstract quality or attribute (as loyalty or creativity) integral ['intigrəl] a.构成整体所必需的；完整的 1 a : essential to completeness : CONSTITUENT <an integral part of the curriculum> b (1) : being, containing, or relating to one or more mathematical integers (2) : relating to or concerned with mathematical integrals or integration c : formed as a unit with another part <a seat with integral headrest> 2 : composed of integral parts 3 : lacking nothing essential : ENTIRE noun : the result of a mathematical integration

instrumentalist

[instrə'mentəlist] n.乐器演奏者 1 : a player on a musical instrument 2 : an exponent(倡导者) of instrumentalism

interchangeable

[intə'tʃeindʒəb(ə)l] a.可互换的 : capable of being interchanged especially : permitting mutual substitution <interchangeable parts> interdict [intə'dikt] v.禁止；切断(补给线) 1 : to lay under or prohibit by an interdict 2 : to forbid in a usually formal or authoritative manner 3 a : to destroy, damage, or cut off (as an enemy line of supply) by firepower to stop or hamper an enemy b : INTERCEPT 2A : to stop, seize, or interrupt in progress or course or before arrival <interdict drug shipments>

cane

[kein] n.拐杖 Cane is used to refer to the long, hollow, hard stems of plants such as bamboo. Strips of cane are often used to make furniture, and some types of cane can be crushed and processed to make sugar. A cane is a long, thin, flexible stick which in the past was used to hit people, especially children at school, as a punishment. The cane is used to refer to the punishment of being hit with a cane.

cape

[keip] n.披肩，短斗篷；海角 A cape is a short cloak. A cape is a large piece of land that sticks out into the sea from the coast.

ken

[ken] n.视野范围；知识范围 1 a : the range of vision b : SIGHT, VIEW <'tis double death to drown in ken of shore - Shakespeare> 2 : the range of perception, understanding, or knowledge <abstract words that are beyond the ken of young children - Lois M. Rettie>

kin

[kin] n.亲属 noun 1 : a group of persons of common ancestry : CLAN 2 a : one's relatives : KINDRED(同族的) b : KINSMAN(男亲戚) <he wasn't any kin to you - Jean Stafford> adjective : KINDRED(同族的, 类似的), RELATED

clientele

[klaiɑn'tel] n.(医生、律师的)顾客，(商店的)常客 The clientele of a place or organization are its customers or clients. This pub had a mixed clientele...

clown

[klaun] n.小丑；v.扮小丑 A clown is a performer in a circus who wears funny clothes and bright make-up, and does silly things in order to make people laugh. If you clown, you do silly things in order to make people laugh. = mess around Clown around and clown about mean the same as clown. Bev made her laugh, the way she was always clowning around. She senses that behind the clowning there is a terrible sense of anguish. If you say that someone is a clown, you mean that they say funny things or do silly things to amuse people. = joker If you describe someone as a clown, you disapprove of them and have no respect for them. (INFORMAL) = idiot, fool

clout

[klaut] n.用手猛击；权力，影响力 If you clout someone, you hit them. (INFORMAL) A person or institution that has clout has influence and power. (INFORMAL) =influence n. 2 : a blow especially with the hand also : a hard hit in baseball 3 : a white cloth on a stake or frame used as a target in archery 4 : PULL, INFLUENCE <political clout> vt. 1 : to cover or patch with a clout 2 : to hit forcefully

cleft

[kleft] n.裂缝；a.劈开的 A cleft in a rock or in the ground is a narrow opening in it.= fissure(裂缝) ...a narrow cleft in the rocks too small for humans to enter. A cleft in someone's chin is a line down the middle of it. If someone has a cleft chin, they have a cleft in their chin.

clay

[klei] n.黏土 b : the human body as distinguished from the spirit c : fundamental nature or character <the common clay>

clique

[kli:k] n.朋党派系，小集团 If you describe a group of people as a clique, you mean that they spend a lot of time together and seem unfriendly towards people who are not in the group.

cleave

[kli:v] v.劈开；分裂 To cleave something means to split or divide it into two separate parts, often violently. (LITERARY) They just cleave the stone along the cracks. = split If someone cleaves to something or to someone else, they begin or continue to have strong feelings of loyalty towards them. (FORMAL) She has cleaved to these principles all her life... vi. : to adhere firmly and closely or loyally and unwaveringly synonyms see STICK vt. 1 : to divide by or as if by a cutting blow : SPLIT 2 : to separate into distinct parts and especially into groups having divergent views 3 : to subject to chemical cleavage <a protein cleaved by an enzyme> vi. 1 : to split especially along the grain 2 : to penetrate or pass through something by or as if by cutting synonyms see TEAR

clinch

[klintʃ] v.钉牢；彻底解决 If you clinch something you are trying to achieve, such as a business deal or victory in a contest, you succeed in obtaining it. = secure Hibernian clinched the First Division title when they beat Hamilton 2-0... This has fuelled speculation that he is about to clinch a deal with an American engine manufacturer. 2 [VERB] V n, V it The thing that clinches an uncertain matter settles it or provides a definite answer.

clash

[klæʃ] v.冲突，撞击 When people clash, they fight, argue, or disagree with each other. (JOURNALISM) Beliefs, ideas, or qualities that clash with each other are very different from each other and therefore are opposed. If one event clashes with another, the two events happen at the same time so that you cannot attend both of them.

clasp

[klɑ:sp] n.钩子，扣子；紧握 If you clasp someone or something, you hold them tightly in your hands or arms. He paced the corridor, hands clasped behind his back. A clasp is a small device that fastens something.

loaf

[ləuf] n.一条(面包)；v.虚度光阴 noun 1 : a shaped or molded mass of bread 2 : a shaped or molded often symmetrical mass of food intransitive verb : to spend time in idleness

clog

[klɔg] n.障碍 v.阻塞 When something clogs a hole or place, it blocks it so that nothing can pass through. = block Clogs are heavy leather or wooden shoes with thick wooden soles 木屐 vt. a : to impede with a clog : HINDER b : to halt or retard the progress, operation, or growth of : ENCUMBER <restraints that have been clogging the market > 2 a : to fill beyond capacity : OVERLOAD <cars clogged the main street> often used with up <petty cases clogging up the courts> b : to cause blockage in often used with up <arteries clogged up by cholesterol> vi. 1 : to become filled with extraneous matter often used with up 2 : to unite in a mass : CLOT 3 : to dance a clog dance

clot

[klɔt] n.凝块；v.使凝结成块 When blood clots, it becomes thick and forms a lump. A clot is a sticky lump that forms when blood dries up or becomes thick.

clairvoyance

[klɛə'vɔiəns] n.超人的洞察力 1 : the power or faculty of discerning(辨别,洞察) objects not present to the senses 2 : ability to perceive matters beyond the range of ordinary perception : PENETRATION

chromatic

[krə'mætik] a.彩色的，五彩的 In music, chromatic means related to the scale that consists only of semitones. Chromatic means related to colours.

cacophony

[kæ'kɔfəni] n.难听的声音 : harsh or discordant sound = dissonance specifically : harshness in the sound of words or phrases

cadge

[kædʒ] v.乞讨；占便宜 If someone cadges food, money, or help from you, they ask you for it and succeed in getting it. (mainly BRIT INFORMAL) = scrounge He could cadge a ride from somebody.

campaign

[kæm'pein] n.战役；竞选活动 A campaign is a planned set of activities that people carry out over a period of time in order to achieve something such as social or political change. If someone campaigns for something, they carry out a planned set of activities over a period of time in order to achieve their aim. In a war, a campaign is a series of planned movements carried out by armed forces.= operation

cant

[kænt] n.斜坡，斜面；隐语，术语，黑话；v.使倾斜 If you refer to moral or religious statements as cant, you are criticizing them because you think the person making them does not really believe what they are saying. 1 : to give a cant or oblique(倾斜的) edge to : BEVEL(to cut or shape to a bevel) 2 : to set at an angle: TILT 3 chiefly British : to throw with a lurch intransitive verb 1 : to pitch to one side : LEAN 2 : SLOPE

cache

[kæʃ] n.贮藏处；v.将...藏于 A cache is a quantity of things such as weapons that have been hidden.= store 2 : something hidden or stored in a cache : to place, hide, or store in a cache

collate

[kɔ'leit] v.对照，核对 When you collate pieces of information, you gather them all together and examine them. 1 a : to compare critically b : to collect, compare carefully in order to verify, and often to integrate or arrange in order 3 a : to verify the order of (printed sheets) b : to assemble in proper order especially : to assemble (as printed sheets) in order for binding synonyms see COMPARE

commingle

[kɔ'miŋgl] v.搀和，混合 1 : to blend thoroughly into a harmonious whole 2 : to combine (funds or properties) into a common fund or stock intransitive verb : to become commingled

chord

[kɔ:d] n.和弦，和音 A chord is a number of musical notes played or sung at the same time with a pleasing effect. If something strikes a chord with you, it makes you feel sympathy or enthusiasm.

coarse

[kɔ:s] a.粗糙的；低劣的；粗俗的 Coarse things have a rough texture because they consist of thick threads or large pieces. =rough≠ fine If you describe someone as coarse, you mean that he or she talks and behaves in a rude and offensive way. 1 : of ordinary or inferior quality or value : COMMON 2 a (1) : composed of relatively large parts or particles <coarse sand> (2) : loose or rough in texture <coarse cloth> b : adjusted or designed for heavy, fast, or less delicate work <a coarse saw(锯) with large teeth> c : not precise or detailed with respect to adjustment or discrimination 3 : crude or unrefined in taste, manners, or language 4 : harsh, raucous, or rough in tone synonyms COARSE, VULGAR, GROSS, OBSCENE, RIBALD mean offensive to good taste or morals. COARSE implies roughness, rudeness, or crudeness of spirit, behavior, or language <found the coarse humor of coworkers offensive>. VULGAR often implies boorishness or ill-breeding <a loud vulgar belch>. GROSS implies extreme coarseness and insensitiveness <gross eating habits>. OBSCENE applies to anything strongly repulsive to the sense of decency and propriety especially in sexual matters <obscene language not allowed on the air>. RIBALD applies to what is amusingly or picturesquely vulgar or irreverent or mildly indecent <entertained the campers with ribald folk songs>.

cob

[kɔb] n.玉米棒子；雄天鹅

composer

[kɔm'pəuzə] n.作曲家 A composer is a person who writes music, especially classical music.

complementary

[kɔmplə'mentəri] a.互补的 Complementary medicine refers to ways of treating patients which are different from the ones used by most Western doctors, for example acupuncture(针灸) and homoeopathy(顺势疗法). = alternative ≠ orthodox, conventional

conformist

[kɔn'fɔ:mist] n.& a.尊奉者，英国国教徒 Someone who is conformist behaves or thinks like everyone else rather than doing things that are original. He may have to become more conformist if he is to prosper again... A conformist is someone who is conformist.

condescend

[kɔndi'send] v.屈尊，俯就 If someone condescends to do something, they agree to do it, but in a way which shows that they think they are better than other people and should not have to do it. If you say that someone condescends to other people, you are showing your disapproval of the fact that they behave in a way which shows that they think they are superior to other people.

condescending

[kɔndi'sendiŋ] a.谦逊的，故意屈尊的 If you say that someone is condescending, you are showing your disapproval of the fact that they talk or behave in a way which shows that they think they are superior to other people.

confidential

[kɔnfi'denʃəl] a.机密的

constellation

[kɔnstə'leiʃən] n.星座，星群 A constellation is a group of stars which form a pattern and have a name.

commemorate

[kə'meməreit] v.纪念(伟人、大事件等) To commemorate an important event or person means to remember them by means of a special action, ceremony, or specially created object.= celebrate One room contained a gallery of paintings commemorating great moments in baseball history... 1 : to call to remembrance 2 : to mark by some ceremony or observation : OBSERVE3 <commemorate an anniversary> 3 : to serve as a memorial of <a plaque that commemorates the battle> synonyms see KEEP synonyms KEEP, OBSERVE, CELEBRATE, COMMEMORATE mean to notice or honor a day, occasion, or deed. KEEP stresses the idea of not neglecting or violating <kept the Sabbath by refraining from work>. OBSERVE suggests marking the occasion by ceremonious performance <not all holidays are observed nationally>. CELEBRATE suggests acknowledging an occasion by festivity <traditionally celebrates Thanksgiving with a huge dinner>. COMMEMORATE suggests that an occasion is marked by observances that remind one of the origin and significance of the event <commemorate Memorial Day with the laying of wreaths>.

commensurate

[kə'menʃərit] a.同样大小的；相称的 If the level of one thing is commensurate with another, the first level is in proportion to the second. (FORMAL) Employees are paid salaries commensurate with those of teachers... 1 : equal in measure or extent : COEXTENSIVE <lived a life commensurate with the early years of the republic> 2 : corresponding in size, extent, amount, or degree : PROPORTIONATE <was given a job commensurate with her abilities> 3 : COMMENSURABLE 1

commit

[kə'mit] v.托付；承诺；犯罪 If someone commits a crime or a sin, they do something illegal or bad. If you commit money or resources to something, you decide to use them for a particular purpose. If you commit yourself to something, you say that you will definitely do it. If you commit yourself to someone, you decide that you want to have a long-term relationship with them. If you do not want to commit yourself on something, you do not want to say what you really think about it or what you are going to do. If someone is committed to a hospital, prison, or other institution, they are officially sent there for a period of time. In the British legal system, if someone is committed for trial, they are sent by magistrates to stand trial in a crown court. If you commit something to paper or to writing, you record it by writing it down. If you commit something to memory, you learn it so that you will remember it.

commission

[kə'miʃən] n.&v..委托；佣金 If you commission something or commission someone to do something, you formally arrange for someone to do a piece of work for you. Commission is a sum of money paid to a salesperson for every sale that he or she makes. If a salesperson is paid on commission, the amount they receive depends on the amount they sell. If a bank or other company charges commission, they charge a fee for providing a service, for example for exchanging money or issuing an insurance policy. (BUSINESS) A commission is a group of people who have been appointed to find out about something or to control something. If a member of the armed forces receives a commission, he or she becomes an officer. If something, for example a ship or a piece of equipment, is out of commission, it is broken and cannot be used until it is repaired.

commune

[kə'mju:n] n.公社；v.与某人亲密地交谈 A commune is a group of people who live together and share everything. If you say that someone is communing with an animal or spirit, or with nature, you mean that they appear to be communicating with it. (LITERARY) She would happily trot behind him as he set off to commune with nature. vt : TALK OVER, DISCUSS <have more to commune Shakespeare> vi. 1 : to receive Communion 2 : to communicate intimately <commune with nature> 1 : the smallest administrative district of many countries especially in Europe 2 : COMMONALTY 1A 3 : COMMUNITY: AS a : a medieval usually municipal corporation b (1) : MIR (2) : an often rural community organized on a communal basis

commodious

[kə'məudiəs] a.宽敞的 A commodious room or house is large and has a lot of space. (WRITTEN) 1 : comfortably or conveniently spacious : ROOMY <a commodious closet> 2 archaic : HANDY, SERVICEABLE

commotion

[kə'məuʃən] n.骚动，动乱 A commotion is a lot of noise, confusion, and excitement. 1 : a condition of civil unrest or insurrection 2 : steady or recurrent motion 3 : mental excitement or confusion 4 a : an agitated disturbance : TO-DO b : noisy confusion : AGITATION

connive

[kə'naiv] v.默许；纵容 If one person connives with another to do something, they secretly try to achieve something which will benefit both of them. 1 : to pretend ignorance of or fail to take action against something one ought to oppose <the government connived in the rebels' military buildup> 2 a : to be indulgent or in secret sympathy : WINK b : to cooperate secretly or have a secret understanding 3 : CONSPIRE, INTRIGUE(密谋) <accused his opponents of conniving to defeat the proposal>

canary

[kə'neəri] n.金丝雀；女歌星

canonical

[kə'nɔnikəl] a.符合规定的；经典的 If something has canonical status, it is accepted as having all the qualities that a thing of its kind should have. 1 : of, relating to, or forming a canon 2 : conforming to a general rule or acceptable procedure : ORTHODOX (正统的) 3 : of or relating to a clergyman who is a canon

capillary

[kə'piləri] n.毛细血管

capricious

[kə'priʃəs] a.变化无常的，任性的 Determined by chance, impulse, or whim, an action that lacks a rational basis. Someone who is capricious often changes their mind unexpectedly. The Union accused Walesa of being capricious and undemocratic. = fickle (感情等易变的)

comedienne

[kə`medi'en] n.说笑话、演滑稽剧等的女演员 A comedienne is a female entertainer whose job is to make people laugh, by telling jokes or funny stories. = comic 2 : a comical individual specifically : a professional entertainer who uses any of various physical or verbal means to be amusing

combustible

[kəm'bʌstəbl] a.易燃的；易激动的 A combustible material or gas catches fire and burns easily. (FORMAL) The ability of coal to release a combustible gas has long been known. = inflammable 1 : capable of combustion 2 : easily excited <a combustible temper>

confess

[kən'fes] v.承认，供认 If someone confesses to doing something wrong, they admit that they did it. If someone confesses their sins, they tell God or a priest You use expressions like `I confess', `I must confess', or `I have to confess' to apologize slightly for admitting something you are ashamed of or that you think might offend or annoy someone.= admit

compelling

[kəm'peliŋ] a.引起兴趣的 A compelling argument or reason is one that convinces you that something is true or that something should be done. Factual and forensic evidence makes a suicide verdict the most compelling answer to the mystery of his death... If you describe something such as a film or book, or someone's appearance, as compelling, you mean you want to keep looking at it or reading it because you find it so interesting : that compels: as a : FORCEFUL <a compelling personality> b : demanding attention <for compelling reasons> c : CONVINCING <no compelling evidence>

compendium

[kəm'pendiəm] n.简要，概略 A compendium is a short but detailed collection of information, usually in a book. The Roman Catholic Church has issued a compendium of its teachings. 1 : a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge : ABSTRACT 2 a : a list of a number of items b : COLLECTION, COMPILATION

compensatory

[kəm'pensətəri] a.补偿性的，报酬的 Compensatory payments involve money paid as compensation. (FORMAL) Compensatory measures are designed to help people who have special problems or disabilities. (FORMAL)

comply

[kəm'plai] v.遵循，顺从 If someone or something complies with an order or set of rules, they are in accordance with what is required or expected.

compliance

[kəm'plaiəns] n.顺从，遵从 Compliance with something, for example a law, treaty, or agreement means doing what you are required or expected to do. (FORMAL)

compliant

[kəm'plaiənt] a.服从的，顺从的 If you say that someone is compliant, you mean they willingly do what they are asked to do. (FORMAL)= pliant, pliable ...a docile and compliant workforce.

complacent

[kəm'pleisnt] a.自满的，得意的 A complacent person is very pleased with themselves or feels that they do not need to do anything about a situation, even though the situation may be uncertain or dangerous.

complaisance

[kəm'pleizəns] n.彬彬有礼，殷勤，柔顺 disposition to please or comply : AFFABILITY

complaisant

[kəm'pleizənt] a.顺从的，讨好的 If you are complaisant, you are willing to accept what other people are doing without complaining. (OLD-FASHIONED)

compress

[kəm'pres] v.压缩，浓缩 When you compress something or when it compresses, it is pressed or squeezed so that it takes up less space. If you compress something such as a piece of writing or a description, you make it shorter. = condense All those three books are compacted and compressed into one book. If an event is compressed into a short space of time, it is given less time to happen than normal or previously.

companion

[kəm'pænjən] n.同伴，同伙；受雇的陪伴人 A companion is someone who you spend time with or who you are travelling with.= comrade, associate vi. : to keep company = accompany

comparison

[kəm'pærisn] n.比较，对照；比喻 1 : the act or process of comparing: as a : the representing of one thing or person as similar to or like another b : an examination of two or more items to establish similarities and dissimilarities <his faults seem minor by comparison> 2 : identity of features : SIMILARITY <several points of comparison between the two>

compatriot

[kəm'pætriət] n.同胞，同国人 Your compatriots are people from your own country.= countryman 2 : COMPANION, COLLEAGUE <her compatriots in academia>

compatible

[kəm'pætəbl] a.和谐共处的，相容的 If things, for example systems, ideas, and beliefs, are compatible, they work well together or can exist together successfully. If you say that you are compatible with someone, you mean that you have a good relationship with them because you have similar opinions and interests.

compassion

[kəm'pæʃən] n.同情，怜悯 Compassion is a feeling of pity, sympathy, and understanding for someone who is suffering. : sympathetic consciousness of others' distress together with a desire to alleviate it

compassionate

[kəm'pæʃənit] a.有同情心的 If you describe someone or something as compassionate, you mean that they feel or show pity, sympathy, and understanding for people who are suffering. 1 : having or showing compassion : SYMPATHETIC <a compassionate friend> <a compassionate smile> 2 : granted because of unusual distressing circumstances affecting an individual- used of some military privileges (as leave)

compartment

[kəm'pɑ:tmənt] n.隔间，车厢 A compartment is one of the separate spaces into which a railway carriage is divided. On the way home we shared our first class compartment with a group of businessmen. A compartment is one of the separate parts of an object that is used for keeping things in. 2 : one of the parts into which an enclosed space is divided

component

[kəm'pəunənt] n.成分，零部件 The components of something are the parts that it is made of. The component parts of something are the parts that make it up.

compose

[kəm'pəuz] v.写，创作；组成 The things that something is composed of are its parts or members. The separate things that compose something are the parts or members that form it. If you compose something such as a letter, poem, or speech, you write it, often using a lot of concentration or skill. (FORMAL) If you compose yourself or if you compose your features, you succeed in becoming calm after you have been angry, excited, or upset.

composure

[kəm'pəuʒə] n.镇静，沉着；自若 Composure is the appearance or feeling of calm and the ability to control your feelings. (FORMAL)

compunction

[kəm'pʌŋkʃ(ə)n] n.懊悔，良心不安 If you say that someone has no compunction about doing something, you mean that they do it without feeling ashamed or guilty.

condemn

[kən'dem] v.极力谴责；判刑 If you condemn something, you say that it is very bad and unacceptable. If someone is condemned to a punishment, they are given this punishment. = sentence If circumstances condemn you to an unpleasant situation, they make it certain that you will suffer in that way.= doom Their lack of qualifications condemned them to a lifetime of boring, usually poorly-paid work... If authorities condemn a building, they officially decide that it is not safe and must be pulled down or repaired.

coloration

[kʌlə'reiʃən] n.着色法，染色法；颜色，色泽 The coloration of an animal or a plant is the colours and patterns on it. 1 a : the state of being colored <the dark coloration of his skin> b : use or choice of colors (as by an artist) c : arrangement of colors <the coloration of a butterfly's wing> 2 a : characteristic quality <the newspapers⋯took on the former coloration of the magazine > b : aspect suggesting an attitude : PERSUASION <the chameleon talent for taking on the intellectual coloration of whatever idea he happened to fasten onto > 3 : subtle variation of intensity or quality of tone <a wide range of coloration from the orchestra>

liberal

[l'ɪbərəl] a. 1 a : of, relating to, or based on the liberal arts <liberal education> 2 a : marked by generosity : OPENHANDED <a liberal giver> b : given or provided in a generous and openhanded way <a liberal meal> c : AMPLE, FULL 4 : not literal or strict : LOOSE <a liberal translation> 5 : BROAD-MINDED especially : not bound by authoritarianism, orthodoxy, or traditional forms 6 a : of, favoring, or based upon the principles of liberalism b capitalized : of or constituting a political party advocating or associated with the principles of political liberalism synonyms LIBERAL, GENEROUS, BOUNTIFUL, MUNIFICENT mean giving or given freely and unstintingly. LIBERAL suggests openhandedness in the giver and largeness in the thing or amount given <a teacher liberal with her praise>.

lithe

[laið] a.柔软的，易弯曲的；敏捷的，轻快的 1 : easily bent or flexed <lithe steel> <a lithe vine(藤，蔓)> 2 : characterized by easy flexibility and grace: lissome <a lithe dancer> <treading(踏，行走) with a lithe silent step> also : athletically slim <the most lithe and graspable of waists - R. P. Warren>

lethargic

[le'θɑ:dʒik] a.昏睡的 1 : of, relating to, or characterized by lethargy : SLUGGISH(行动迟缓的，迟钝的) 2 : INDIFFERENT, APATHETIC

lace

[leis] n.鞋带，系带；网眼花边，透孔织品 noun Lace is a very delicate cloth which is made with a lot of holes in it. It is made by twisting together very fine threads of cotton to form patterns. Laces are thin pieces of material that are put through special holes in some types of clothing, especially shoes. The laces are tied together in order to tighten the clothing. transitive verb If you lace something such as a pair of shoes, you tighten the shoes by pulling the laces through the holes, and usually tying them together.=lace up = tie To lace food or drink with a substance such as alcohol or a drug means to put a small amount of the substance into the food or drink.

lave

[leiv] v.洗浴；慢慢冲刷 transitive verb 1 a : WASH, BATHE b : to flow along or against 2 : POUR intransitive verb archaic : to wash oneself : BATHE

lathe

[leið] n.车床 : a machine in which work is rotated about a horizontal axis and shaped by a fixed tool

lair

[leə] n.野兽的巢穴；躲藏处 2 a : the resting or living place of a wild animal : DEN b : a refuge or place for hiding

libretto

[li'bretəu] n.(歌剧等)歌词；剧本 1 : the text of a work (as an opera) for the musical theater 2 : the book containing a libretto

legitimate

[li'dʒitimit] a.合法的；正当的 adjective 1 a : lawfully begotten(为..之父) specifically : born in wedlock b : having full filial(子女的) rights and obligations by birth <a legitimate child> 2 : being exactly as purposed : neither spurious(伪造的) nor false <a legitimate grievance> <a legitimate practitioner> 3 a : accordant with law or with established legal forms and requirements <a legitimate government> b : ruling by or based on the strict principle of hereditary right <a legitimate king> 4 : conforming to recognized principles or accepted rules and standards <a legitimate advertising expenditure> <a legitimate inference> 5 : relating to plays acted by professional actors but not including revues, burlesque(滑稽戏), or some forms of musical comedy <the legitimate theater> synonyms see LAWFUL LEGITIMATE may apply to a legal right or status but also, in extended use, to a right or status supported by tradition, custom, or accepted standards <a perfectly legitimate question about taxes>.

linoleum

[li'nəuliəm] n.油毡 1 : a floor covering made by laying on a burlap or canvas backing a mixture of solidified linseed oil with gums, cork dust or wood flour or both, and usually pigments 2 : a material similar to linoleum

liaison

[li(:)'eizən] n.联系；暧昧关系 1 : a binding or thickening agent used in cooking 2 a : a close bond or connection : INTERRELATIONSHIP b : an illicit(违法的) sexual relationship : AFFAIR 3A : a romantic or passionate attachment typically of limited duration 3 a : communication for establishing and maintaining mutual understanding and cooperation (as between parts of an armed force) b : one that establishes and maintains liaison

leak

[li:k] v.泄漏；n.泄漏；漏出量，漏洞 intransitive verb 1 a : to enter or escape through an opening usually by a fault or mistake <fumes leak in> b : to let a substance or light in or out through an opening 2 a : to become known despite efforts at concealment <confidential information leaked out> b : to be the source of an information leak transitive verb 1 : to permit to enter or escape through or as if through a leak 2 : to give out (information) surreptitiously(偷偷摸摸地) <leaked the story to the press> noun 1 a : a crack or hole that usually by mistake admits or lets escape b : something that permits the admission or escape of something else usually with prejudicial(偏心的，有害的) effect 2 : the act, process, or an instance of leaking 3 sometimes vulgar : an act of urinating - used especially in the phrase take a leak

lease

[li:s] n.租约；租期；v.出租 1 : a contract by which one conveys real estate, equipment, or facilities for a specified term and for a specified rent also : the act of such conveyance or the term for which it is made 2 : a piece of land or property that is leased 3 : a continuance or opportunity for continuance <a new lease on life> transitive verb 1 : to grant by lease 2 : to hold under a lease A lease is a legal agreement by which the owner of a building, a piece of land, or something such as a car allows someone else to use it for a period of time in return for money. synonyms see HIRE LEASE strictly implies a letting under the terms of a contract but is often applied to hiring on a lease <the diplomat leased an apartment for a year>.

lobe

[ləub] n.耳垂；(肺、肝，脑等的)叶 : a curved or rounded projection or division specifically : a usually somewhat rounded projection or division of a bodily organ or part

?lap

[læp] v.舔食；泼溅 If you have something on your lap when you are sitting down, it is on top of your legs and near to your body. In a race, a competitor completes a lap when they have gone round a course once. In a race, if you lap another competitor, you go past them while they are still on the previous lap. A lap of a long journey is one part of it, between two points where you stop.= leg When water laps against something such as the shore or the side of a boat, it touches it gently and makes a soft sound. (WRITTEN) When an animal laps a drink, it uses short quick movements of its tongue to take liquid up into its mouth. If you say that a situation is in the lap of the gods, you mean that its success or failure depends entirely on luck or on things that are outside your control.

lapse

[læps] n.失误；(时间等)流逝 noun 1 a : a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention <a lapse in table manners> b : a temporary deviation or fall especially from a higher to a lower state <a lapse from grace> 2 : a becoming less : DECLINE 3 a (1) : the termination of a right or privilege through neglect to exercise it within some limit of time (2) : termination of coverage for nonpayment of premiums b : INTERRUPTION, DISCONTINUANCE <returned to college after a lapse of several years> 4 : an abandonment of religious faith : APOSTASY 5 : a passage of time also : INTERVAL synonyms see ERROR LAPSE stresses forgetfulness, weakness, or inattention as a cause <a lapse in judgment>. intransitive verb 1 a : to fall from an attained and usually high level (as of morals or manners) to one much lower also : to depart from an accepted pattern or standard b : SINK, SLIP <lapsed into unconsciousness> 2 : to go out of existence : CEASE <after a few polite exchanges, the conversation lapsed> 3 : to pass from one proprietor(所有人，业主) to another or from an original owner by omission or negligence <allowed the insurance policy to lapse> 4 : to glide along : PASS <time lapses> transitive verb : to let slip : FORFEIT(丧失，被没收) <all of those who have lapsed their membership - AAUP Bull.>

lank

[læŋk] a.瘦削的；长而软的 1 : not well filled out : SLENDER, THIN <lank cattle> 2 : insufficient in quantity, degree, or extent <lank grass> 3 : hanging straight and limp(松软的) without spring or curl <lank hair> synonyms see LEAN LANK implies tallness as well as leanness <the lank legs of the heron>.

lash

[læʃ] n.鞭子；v.鞭打；捆住 intransitive verb 1 : to move violently or suddenly : DASH 2 : to thrash(鞭打) or beat violently <rain lashed at the windowpanes> 3 : to make a verbal attack or retort(反驳) - usually used with out transitive verb 1 a : to whip or fling about violently <the big cat lashed its tail about threateningly> b : to strike or beat with or as if with a whip <waves lashed the shore> 2 a : to assail with stinging words b : DRIVE, WHIP <lashed them into a fury with his fiery speech> noun 1 a (1) : a stroke with or as if with a whip (2) : the flexible part of a whip also : WHIP b : punishment by whipping 2 : a beating, whipping, or driving force 3 : a stinging rebuke(严厉指责) 4 : EYELASH(睫毛) 5 : the clearance or play between adjacent movable mechanical parts

lance

[lɑ:ns] n.长矛；鱼叉 1 : a steel-tipped spear carried by mounted knights or light cavalry 2 : any of various sharp objects suggestive of a lance: as a : LANCET b : a spear used for killing whales or fish transitive verb 1 a : to pierce with or as if with a lance b : to open with or as if with a lancet <lance a boil> 2 : to throw forward : HURL intransitive verb : to move forward quickly

laud

[lɔ:d] v.称赞 noun 2 : PRAISE, ACCLAIM transitive verb : PRAISE, EXTOL If people laud someone, they praise and admire them. (JOURNALISM)

log

[lɔg] n./v.日志，记录；n.一段大木头；圆木 A log is a piece of a thick branch or of the trunk of a tree that has been cut so that it can be used for fuel or for making things. A log is an official written account of what happens each day, for example on board a ship. If you log an event or fact, you record it officially in writing or on a computer.= record

loll

[lɔl] v.懒洋洋地坐或卧 intransitive verb 1 : to hang loosely or laxly(松懈地) : DROOP(低垂；萎靡) 2 : to act or move in a lax, lazy, or indolent(懒惰的) manner : LOUNGE(荡；懒洋洋地躺卧) transitive verb : to let droop or dangle(悬荡) synonyms see IDLE LOLL also carries an implication of a posture similar to that of lounge, but places greater stress upon an indolent or relaxed attitude <lolling on the couch>.

longevity

[lɔŋ'dʒeviti] n.长寿 1 a : a long duration of individual life b : length of life <a study of longevity> 2 : long continuance : PERMANENCE, DURABILITY

logistics

[lə'dʒistiks] n.后勤学；后勤 运筹学 1 : the aspect of military science dealing with the procurement(征购，斡旋), maintenance, and transportation of military matériel, facilities, and personnel 2 : the handling of the details of an operation If you refer to the logistics of doing something complicated that involves a lot of people or equipment, you are referring to the skilful organization of it so that it can be done successfully and efficiently.

laconic

[lə'kɔnik] a.简洁的 : using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious synonyms see CONCISE LACONIC implies brevity to the point of seeming rude, indifferent, or mysterious <an aloof and laconic stranger>.

lament

[lə'ment] v./n.悲伤；哀悼 intransitive verb : to mourn aloud : WAIL(哀号) transitive verb 1 : to express sorrow, mourning, or regret for often demonstratively : MOURN 2 : to regret strongly synonyms see DEPLORE(深表遗憾) noun 1 : a crying out in grief : WAILING 2 : DIRGE(挽歌), ELEGY(挽歌；哀诗) 3 : COMPLAINT

lurk

[lə:k] v.潜伏，埋伏 1 a : to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an evil purpose b : to move furtively or inconspicuously c : to persist in staying 2 a : to be concealed but capable of being discovered specifically : to constitute a latent threat b : to lie hidden 3 : to read messages on an Internet discussion forum (as a newsgroup or chat room) without contributing(潜水^_^) synonyms LURK, SKULK, SLINK, SNEAK mean to behave so as to escape attention. LURK implies a lying in wait in a place of concealment and often suggests an evil intent <suspicious men lurking in alleyways>.

locale

[ləu'kɑ:l] n.事件发生的现场、地点 1 : a place or locality especially when viewed in relation to a particular event or characteristic 2 : SITE, SCENE <the locale of a story> ____

low

[ləu] v.牛叫 : the deep sustained sound characteristic especially of a cow

lug

[lʌg] v./n.拖，拉 transitive verb 2 : to carry laboriously(艰难地) <lugged the bags to the car> 3 : to introduce in a forced manner <lugs my name into the argument> intransitive verb 1 : to pull with effort : TUG 2 : to move heavily or by jerks(猛拉) <the car lugs on hills> If you lug a heavy or awkward object somewhere, you carry it there with difficulty. (INFORMAL) noun 3 plural : superior airs or affectations <put on lugs> 1 : something (as a handle) that projects like an ear: as a : a leather loop on a harness saddle through which the shaft passes b : a metal fitting to which electrical wires are soldered or connected 3 : a ridge (as on the bottom of a shoe) to increase traction(附着磨擦力) 4 : a nut used to secure a wheel on an automotive vehicle - called also lug nut 5 a : a big clumsy fellow b : an ordinary commonplace person

lull

[lʌl] n.活动的暂停；v.使平静 transitive verb 1 : to cause to sleep or rest : SOOTHE (缓和) 2 : to cause to relax vigilance <were lulled into a false sense of security> noun 2 : a temporary pause or decline in activity <the early-morning lull in urban noise>: as a : a temporary calm before or during a storm b : a temporary drop in business activity

lump

[lʌmp] n.一块，肿块；v.形成块状 1 : a piece or mass of indefinite size and shape 2 a : AGGREGATE, TOTALITY <taken in the lump> b : MAJORITY 3 : PROTUBERANCE(凸出) especially : an abnormal swelling 4 : a person who is heavy and awkward also : one who is stupid or dull 5 plural a : BEATINGS, BRUISES <had taken a lot of lumps growing up in the city> b : DEFEAT, LOSS <can cheerfully take his lumps on losers, because the payout is big on the winners - Martin Mayer> transitive verb 1 : to group indiscriminately 2 : to make into lumps also : to make lumps on or in 3 : to move noisily and clumsily intransitive verb 1 : to become formed into lumps 2 : to move oneself noisily and clumsily : to put up with(容忍) <like it or lump it> adjective: not divided into parts : ENTIRE <a lump sum>

lust

[lʌst] n.强烈的欲望 noun 2 : usu. intense or unbridled(放纵的) sexual desire : LASCIVIOUSNESS(好色) 3 a : an intense longing : CRAVING <a lust to succeed> b : ENTHUSIASM, EAGERNESS <admired his lust for life> intransitive verb : to have an intense desire or need : CRAVE

lush

[lʌʃ] a.繁茂的，茂盛的 1 a : growing vigorously especially with luxuriant foliage(树叶) <lush grass> b : lavishly(丰富地) productive: as (1) : FERTILE (2) : THRIVING(旺盛的) (3) : characterized by abundance : PLENTIFUL (4) : PROSPEROUS, PROFITABLE 2 a : SAVORY(味道可口的), DELICIOUS b : appealing to the senses <the lush sounds of the orchestra> c : OPULENT(富裕的), SUMPTUOUS(豪华的) <lush accommodations> synonyms see PROFUSE noun 2 : a habitual heavy drinker : DRUNKARD

magnificent

[mæg'nifisnt] a.壮丽的，宏伟的；高尚的 1 : great in deed or exalted(尊贵的) in place - used only of former famous rulers <Lorenzo the Magnificent> 2 : marked by stately(庄严的) grandeur(庄严,伟大) and lavishness(奢侈浪费) <a magnificent way of life> 3 : sumptuous(豪华的) in structure and adornment <a magnificent cathedral(总教堂)> broadly : strikingly beautiful or impressive <a magnificent physique(体格，体形)> 4 : impressive to the mind or spirit : SUBLIME(崇高的，庄严的) <magnificent prose> 5 : exceptionally fine <a magnificent day> synonyms see GRAND MAGNIFICENT implies an impressive largeness proportionate to scale without sacrifice of dignity or good taste <magnificent paintings>.

magnanimous

[mæg'næniməs] a.宽宏大量的，慷慨的 1 : showing or suggesting a lofty and courageous spirit <the irreproachable(无可指责的) lives and magnanimous sufferings of their followers - Joseph Addison> 2 : showing or suggesting nobility of feeling and generosity of mind <too sincere for dissimulation(掩饰), too magnanimous for resentment - Ellen Glasgow>

machination

[mæki'neiʃ(ə)n] n.阴谋 1 : an act of machinating(图谋) 2 : a scheming or crafty action or artful design intended to accomplish some usually evil end <backstage machinations that have dominated the film industry - Peter Bogdanovich> synonyms see PLOT

magenta

[mə'dʒentə] n./a.紫红色(的)；n.紫红色的染料 1 : FUCHSIN(紫红色的染料) 2 : a deep purplish red

majestic

[mə'dʒestik] a.雄伟的，庄严的 : having or exhibiting majesty(最高权威，威严) : STATELY synonyms see GRAND

macabre

[mə'kɑ:bə] a.骇人的，可怖的 1 : having death as a subject : comprising or including a personalized representation of death 2 : dwelling on the gruesome(毛骨悚然的，恶心的) 3 : tending to produce horror in a beholder synonyms see GHASTLY

superior

[sju:'piəriə] n. 上级，高手，上标 adj. 上层的，上好的，出众的，高傲的 1 : situated higher up : UPPER 2 : of higher rank, quality, or importance 3 : courageously or !serenely( 安详地，宁静地，平静地) indifferent (as to something painful or disheartening) 4 a : greater in quantity or numbers <escaped by superior speed> b : excellent of its kind : BETTER <her superior memory> 5 : being a superscript(上标) 6 a of an animal structure : situated above or anterior or dorsal to another and especially a corresponding part <a superior artery> b of a plant structure : situated above or near the top of another part: as (1) of a calyx(花萼) : attached to and apparently arising from the ovary (2) of an ovary : free from the calyx or other floral envelope 7 : more comprehensive <a genus is superior to a species> 8 : affecting or assuming an air of superiority : SUPERCILIOUS(目中无人的，傲慢的)

superfluous

[sju:'pə:fluəs] a.多余的，累赘的 1 a : exceeding what is sufficient or necessary : EXTRA b : not needed : UNNECESSARY

superiority

[sju:piəri'ɔriti] n.优越(感) : the quality or state of being superior also : a superior characteristic

superficiality

[sju:pə`fiʃi'æliti] n.浅薄 1 : the quality or state of being superficial 2 : something superficial

surveyor

[sə'veiə] n.测量员 : one that surveys especially : one whose occupation is surveying land

circuitous

[sə(:)'kju(:)itəs] a.迂回的，绕圈子的 A circuitous route is long and complicated rather than simple and direct. (FORMAL) = roundabout 1 : having a circular or winding course <a circuitous route> 2 : not being forthright or direct in language or action <a circuitous explanation>

stout

[staut] a.肥胖的；强壮的 adjective 1 : strong of character: as a : BRAVE, BOLD b : FIRM, DETERMINED also : OBSTINATE(固执倔强的；执迷不悟的), UNCOMPROMISING 2 : physically or materially strong: a : STURDY(身体强健结实的), VIGOROUS(精力旺盛的，健壮的) b : STAUNCH(坚固的，坚强的，忠实可信的，不漏水的), ENDURING(持久的，忍耐的) c : sturdily constructed : SUBSTANTIAL 3 : FORCEFUL <a stout attack> also : VIOLENT <a stout wind> 4 : bulky in body : FAT synonyms see STRONG STOUT suggests an ability to endure stress, pain, or hard use without giving way <stout hiking boots>. STURDY implies strength derived from vigorous growth, determination of spirit, solidity of construction <a sturdy table> <people of sturdy independence>.

stint

[stint] v.吝惜，节省 intransitive verb 2 : to be sparing(节俭的；贫乏的) or frugal(节约的，节俭的) <not stinting with their praise> transitive verb 2 b : to restrict with respect to a share or allowance <stinted herself of luxuries> noun 1 a : a definite quantity of work assigned b : a period of time spent at a particular activity <served a brief stint as a waiter> 2 : RESTRAINT, LIMITATION synonyms see TASK noun : any of several small sandpipers(矶鹞) (genus Calidris)

stitch

[stitʃ] n.(缝纫时的)一针，一钩；v.缝合 1 : a local sharp and sudden pain especially in the side 2 a : one in-and-out movement of a threaded needle in sewing, embroidering(绣花，刺绣), or !suturing(缝合，缝术) b : a portion of thread left in the material or suture left in the tissue after one stitch 3 : a least bit especially of clothing <didn't have a stitch on> 4 : a single loop of thread or yarn around an implement (as a knitting(编织) needle or crochet(编织) hook) 5 : a stitch or series of stitches formed in a particular way <a basting(假缝) stitch> -in stitches : in a state of uncontrollable laughter <he had us all in stitches> transitive verb 1 a : to fasten, join, or close with or as if with stitches <stitched a seam(缝，接缝)> b : to make, mend, or decorate with or as if with stitches 2 : to unite by means of staples(U形(订书)钉) intransitive verb : SEW

sting

[stiŋ] v.刺痛；叮螫；n.螫刺 transitive verb 1 : to prick painfully: as a : to pierce or wound with a poisonous or irritating process b : to affect with sharp quick pain or !smart(刺痛) <hail(冰雹) stung their faces> 2 : to cause to suffer acutely <stung with remorse(懊悔，悔恨)> 3 : OVERCHARGE, CHEAT intransitive verb 1 : to wound one with or as if with a sting 2 : to feel a keen burning pain or smart also : to cause such pain

stride

[straid] v.大步行走 intransitive verb 1 : to stand astride(跨着，叉开) 2 : to move with or as if with long steps <strode across the room> 3 : to take a very long step transitive verb 1 : BESTRIDE(跨骑，跨坐，控制), STRADDLE(跨坐，把两腿叉开) 2 : to step over 3 : to move over or along with or as if with long measured steps <striding the boardwalk(木板路)> \

strife

[straif] n.纷争，冲突 1 a : bitter sometimes violent conflict or !dissension(意见不合，纠纷) <political strife> b : an act of contention : FIGHT, STRUGGLE 2 : exertion or contention for superiority synonyms see DISCORD STRIFE emphasizes a struggle for superiority rather than the incongruity or incompatibility of the persons or things involved <during his brief reign(统治时期) the empire was never free of civil strife>.

strive

[straiv] v.奋斗，努力 1 : to devote serious effort or energy : ENDEAVOR <strive to finish a project> 2 : to struggle in opposition : CONTEND synonyms see ATTEMPT STRIVE implies great exertion against great difficulty and specifically suggests persistent effort <continues to strive for peace>.

?stretch

[stretʃ] v.变长；伸展 transitive verb 1 : to extend (as one's limbs or body) in a reclining position 2 : to reach out : EXTEND £ stretched out her arms 3 : to extend in length £ stretched his neck to see what was going on 4 : to fell with or as if with a blow 5 : to cause the limbs of (a person) to be pulled especially in torture 6 : to draw up (one's body) from a cramped, stooping, or relaxed position 7 : to pull taut £ canvas stretched on a frame 8 a : to enlarge or distend especially by force b : to extend or expand as if by physical force £ stretch one's mind with a good book c : STRAIN £ stretched his already thin patience 9 : to cause to reach or continue (as from one point to another or across a space) £ stretch a wire between two posts 10 a : to amplify or enlarge beyond natural or proper limits £ the rules can be stretched this once b : to expand (as by improvisation) to fulfill a larger function £ stretching a dollar 11 : to extend (a hit) to an extra base usually by fast or daring running £ stretch a single into a double intransitive verb 1 a : to become extended in length or breadth or both : SPREAD £ broad plains stretching to the sea b : to extend over a continuous period £ the dynasty stretches back several centuries 2 : to become extended without breaking 3 a : to extend one's body or limbs £ stretched before jogging £ wanted to stretch out on the sofa b : to lie down at full length

streak

[stri:k] n.线条，条纹；v.加线条 1 : a line or mark of a different color or texture from the ground : STRIPE 2 a : the color of the fine powder of a mineral obtained by scratching or rubbing against a hard white surface and constituting an important distinguishing character b : inoculum(接种体) implanted in a line on a solid medium c : any of numerous virus diseases of plants (as tobacco and maize) resembling mosaic but usually producing at least some linear markings 3 a : a narrow band of light 4 a : a slight admixture(混合，混合物) : TRACE <had a mean streak in him> b : a brief run (as of luck) c : a consecutive series <was on a winning streak> 5 : a narrow layer (as of fat) 6 : an act or instance of streaking transitive verb : to make streaks on or in <tears streaking her face> intransitive verb 1 : to move swiftly : RUSH <a jet streaking across the sky> 2 : to have a streak (as of winning or outstanding performances) 3 : to run naked through a public place

surpass

[sə:'pɑ:s] v.超过 1 : to become better, greater, or stronger than : EXCEED <surpassed her rivals> <surpassed all expectations> 2 : to go beyond : OVERSTEP 3 : to transcend the reach, capacity, or powers of <a beauty that surpasses description> synonyms see EXCEED SURPASS suggests superiority in quality, merit, or skill <the book surpassed our expectations>.

tangential

[tæn'dʒenʃ(ə)l] a.切线的；离题的 1 : of, relating to, or of the nature of a tangent 2 : acting along or lying in a tangent <tangential forces> 3 a : !DIVERGENT(分叉的；离题的；有分歧的), !DIGRESSIVE(离题的，题外的) b : touching lightly : !INCIDENTAL(附带的，偶然的，容易发生的), PERIPHERAL <tangential involvement> also : of little relevance <arguments tangential to the main point>

stream

[stri:m] n.小溪；水流；v.倾注，涌流 noun 1 : a body of running water (as a river or brook) flowing on the earth also : any body of flowing fluid (as water or gas) 2 a : a steady succession (as of words or events) <kept up an endless stream of chatter> b : a constantly renewed or steady supply <a stream of revenue> c : a continuous moving procession <a stream of traffic> 3 : an unbroken flow (as of gas or particles of matter) 4 : a ray of light 5 a : a prevailing attitude or group <has always run against the stream of current fashion> b : a dominant influence or line of development <the influence of two streams of inheritance: genetic and cultural - P. B. Baltes> intransitive verb 1 a : to flow in or as if in a stream b : to leave a bright trail <a meteor streamed through the sky> 2 a : to exude a bodily fluid profusely <her eyes were streaming> b : to become wet with a discharge of bodily fluid <streaming with perspiration(汗)> 3 : to trail out at full length <her hair streaming back as she ran> 4 : to pour in large numbers <complaints came streaming in> transitive verb 1 : to emit freely or in a stream <his eyes streamed tears> 2 : to display (as a flag) by waving

?strip

[strip] v.剥去；n.狭长的一片 transitive verb 1 a : to remove clothing, covering, or surface matter from b : to deprive of possessions c : to divest of honors, privileges, or functions 2 a : to remove extraneous or superficial matter from £ a prose style stripped to the bones b : to remove furniture, equipment, or accessories from £ strip a ship for action 3 : to make bare or clear (as by cutting or grazing) 4 : to finish a milking of by pressing the last available milk from the teats £ strip a cow 5 a : to remove cured leaves from the stalks of (tobacco) b : to remove the midrib from (tobacco leaves) 6 : to tear or damage the thread of (a separable part or fitting) 7 : to separate (components) from a mixture or solution 8 : to press eggs or milt out of (a fish) 9 : to remove (a subcutaneous vein) by means of a surgical instrument £ stripping a varicose saphenous vein intransitive verb 1 a : to take off clothes b : to perform a striptease 2 : PEEL 1 adj strippable

strew

[stru:] v.撒，散播 1 : to spread by scattering 2 : to cover by or as if by scattering something <strewing the highways with litter> 3 : to become dispersed over as if scattered 4 : to spread abroad : DISSEMINATE(散布种子，消息等)

strut

[strʌt] v.趾高气扬地走；n.支柱 intransitive verb 1 : to become turgid(浮肿的，浮夸的) : SWELL 2 a : to walk with a proud gait b : to walk with a pompous(自大的；爱炫耀的) and affected air transitive verb : to parade (as clothes) with a show of pride noun 1 : a structural piece designed to resist pressure in the direction of its length(支柱,压杆) 2 : a pompous step or walk 3 : arrogant behavior : SWAGGER(大摇大摆的走) transitive verb : to provide, stiffen, support, or hold apart with or as if with a strut

stockade

[stɔ'keid] n.栅栏，围栏 noun 1 : a line of stout posts set firmly to form a defense 2 a : an enclosure or pen made with posts and stakes b : an enclosure in which prisoners are kept transitive verb : to fortify or surround with a stockade

stoke

[stəuk] v.给...添加燃料 transitive verb 1 : to poke or stir up (as a fire) : supply with fuel 2 : to feed abundantly 3 : to increase the activity, intensity, or amount of <limiting the number of cars available - will help stoke demand for the car - Keith Naughton> intransitive verb : to stir up or tend a fire (as in a !furnace(火炉)) : supply a furnace with fuel

stunt

[stʌnt] v.阻碍(成长)；n.特技，绝技 transtive verb : to hinder the normal growth, development, or progress of noun 1 : one (as an animal) that is stunted 2 : a check in growth 3 : a plant disease in which dwarfing(侏儒；矮小的植物) occurs noun 1 : an unusual or difficult feat(功绩；手艺；本领) requiring great skill or daring especially : one performed or undertaken chiefly to gain attention or publicity 2 : a shifting or switching of the positions by defensive players at the line of scrimmage in football to disrupt the opponent's blocking efforts intransitive verb : to perform or engage in a stunt

svelte

[svelt] a.(女人)体态苗条的 1 a : SLENDER, LITHE(柔软的，优雅的) b : having clean lines : SLEEK(光滑的，圆滑的) 2 : URBANE(温文尔雅的), SUAVE(柔和的，温和的，娴雅的)

swine

[swain] n.猪 1 : any of various stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous(杂食的，涉猎广泛的) artiodactyl(偶蹄动物) mammals (family Suidae) with a thick bristly(刚毛的，布满刚毛的) skin and a long flexible snout(猪嘴) especially : a domesticated one descended from the wild boar 2 : a contemptible(可鄙的,表示作出的事情令人可鄙) person

?swell

[swel] v.肿胀，增强 intransitive verb If the amount or size of something swells or if something swells it, it becomes larger than it was before.= increase If something such as a part of your body swells, it becomes larger and rounder than normal. If you swell with a feeling, you are suddenly full of that feeling. (LITERARY) adjective You can describe something as swell if you think it is really nice. (AM INFORMAL) I've had a swell time. 1 a : STYLISH b : socially prominent(显著的；著名的；突出的) 2 : EXCELLENT - used as a generalized term of enthusiasm

swill

[swil] v.冲洗；痛饮 noun 1 : something suggestive of slop(淌出或溅出的液体，流食，剩饭，排泄物) or garbage : REFUSE 2 a : a semiliquid food for animals (as swine) composed of edible refuse mixed with water or skimmed or sour milk b : GARBAGE transitive verb 1 : WASH, DRENCH 2 : to drink great drafts of : GUZZLE <swill beer> 3 : to feed (as a pig) with swill intransitive verb 1 : to drink or eat freely, greedily, or to excess 2 : SWASH

surcharge

[sə:'tʃɑ:dʒ] v.对...收取额外费用；n.附加费 transitive verb 1 a : OVERCHARGE b : to charge an extra fee c : to show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given 2 British : OVERSTOCK(供给过多，进货过多) 3 : to fill or load to excess <the atmosphere was surcharged with war hysteria - H. A. Chippendale> 4 a : to mark a surcharge on (a stamp) b : OVERPRINT <surcharge a banknote> noun 1 a : an additional tax, cost, or impost b : an extra fare(交通费；付费旅客；伙食) <a sleeping car surcharge> c : an instance of surcharging an account 2 : an excessive load or burden 3 : the action of surcharging : the state of being surcharged 4 a (1) : an overprint(套印) on a stamp specifically : one that alters the denomination(命名,币值的单位) (2) : a stamp bearing such an overprint b : an overprint on a currency note

?swing

[swiŋ] v.摇摆；旋转；n.秋千 synonyms SWING, WAVE, FLOURISH, BRANDISH, THRASH mean to wield or cause to move to and fro or up and down. SWING implies regular or uniform movement £ swing the rope back and forth. WAVE usually implies smooth or continuous motion £ waving the flag. FLOURISH suggests vigorous, ostentatious, graceful movement £ flourished the winning lottery ticket. BRANDISH implies threatening or menacing motion £ brandishing a knife. THRASH suggests vigorous, abrupt, violent movement £ an infant thrashing his arms about. synonyms SWING, SWAY, OSCILLATE, VIBRATE, FLUCTUATE, WAVER, UNDULATE mean to move from one direction to its opposite. SWING implies a movement of something attached at one end or one side £ the door suddenly swung open. SWAY implies a slow swinging or teetering movement £ trees swaying in the breeze. OSCILLATE stresses a usually regular alternation of direction £ an oscillating fan. VIBRATE suggests the rapid oscillation of an elastic body under stress or impact £ the vibrating strings of a piano. FLUCTUATE suggests constant irregular changes of level, intensity, or value £ fluctuating interest rates. WAVER stresses irregular motion suggestive of reeling or tottering £ the exhausted runner wavered before collapsing. UNDULATE suggests a gentle wavelike motion £ an undulating sea of grass.

swallow

[swɔləu] v.吞下，咽下；忍受 transitive verb 1 : to take through the mouth and !esophagus(食道；食管) into the stomach 2 : to envelop or take in as if by swallowing : ABSORB <swallow the financial loss> <watch night swallow the valley> 3 : to accept without question, protest, or resentment <swallow an insult> <a hard story to swallow> (忍受) 4 : TAKE BACK, RETRACT(缩回,收回,否认) <had to swallow my words> 5 : to keep from expressing or showing : REPRESS <swallowed my anger> 6 : to utter (as words) indistinctly intransitive verb 1 : to receive something into the body through the mouth and esophagus 2 : to perform the action characteristic of swallowing something especially under emotional stress noun 1 : the passage connecting the mouth to the stomach 2 : a capacity for swallowing 3 a : an act of swallowing b : an amount that can be swallowed at one time

sublime

[sə'blaim] a.崇高的 transitive verb 1 : to cause to pass directly from the solid to the vapor state and condense back to solid form(升华，凝华) 2 a (1) : to elevate or exalt(赞扬，歌颂；提升) especially in dignity or honor (2) : to render finer (as in purity or excellence) b : to convert (something inferior) into something of higher worth intransitive verb : to pass directly from the solid to the vapor state adjective 1 a : lofty, grand, or exalted in thought, expression, or manner b : of outstanding spiritual, intellectual, or moral worth c : tending to inspire awe usually because of elevated quality (as of beauty, nobility, or grandeur) or transcendent(卓越的，超然的) excellence 2 c capitalized : SUPREME - used in a style of address d : COMPLETE, UTTER <sublime ignorance> synonyms see SPLENDID SUBLIME implies an exaltation or elevation almost beyond human comprehension <a vision of sublime beauty>.

suffice

[sə'fais] v.足够，(食物)满足 intransitive verb 1 : to meet or satisfy a need : be sufficient <a brief note will suffice> - often used with an impersonal it <suffice it to say that they are dedicated, serious personalities - Cheryl Aldridge> 2 : to be competent or capable transitive verb : to be enough for <a few more should suffice them>

sufficient

[sə'fiʃənt] a.足够的 1 a : enough to meet the needs of a situation or a proposed end <sufficient provisions for a month> b : being a sufficient condition synonyms SUFFICIENT, ENOUGH, ADEQUATE, COMPETENT mean being what is necessary or desirable. SUFFICIENT suggests a close meeting of a need <sufficient savings>. ENOUGH is less exact in suggestion than SUFFICIENT <do you have enough food?>. ADEQUATE may imply barely meeting a requirement <the service was adequate>. COMPETENT suggests measuring up to all requirements without question or being adequately adapted to an end <had no competent notion of what was going on>.

suffuse

[sə'fju:z] v.(色彩等)弥漫，染遍 : to spread over or through in the manner of fluid or light : !FLUSH, FILL <the northern horizon was suffused with a deep red glow - P. M. Leschak>

succumb

[sə'kʌm] v.屈从；因...死亡 1 : to yield to superior strength or force or overpowering appeal or desire <succumb to temptation> 2 : to be brought to an end (as death) by the effect of destructive or disruptive forces synonyms see YIELD SUCCUMB implies weakness and helplessness to the one that gives way or an overwhelming power to the opposing force <a stage actor succumbing to the lure of Hollywood>.

circumference

[sə'kʌmfərəns] n.周围；圆周；周长 The circumference of a circle, place, or round object is the distance around its edge. The circumference of a circle, place, or round object is its edge.

surmount

[sə'maunt] v.克服，战胜 2 : to prevail(战胜) over : OVERCOME <surmount an obstacle> 3 : to get to the top of : CLIMB 4 : to stand or lie at the top of

supplant

[sə'plɑ:nt] v.排挤，取代 1 : to supersede (another) especially by force or treachery(叛逆，背叛，变节) 2 a (2) : to eradicate and supply a substitute for <efforts to supplant the vernacular(本国语，方言)> b : to take the place of and serve as a substitute for especially by reason of superior excellence or power synonyms see REPLACE SUPPLANT implies either a dispossessing or usurping(篡夺，霸占) of another's place, possessions, or privileges or an uprooting of something and its replacement with something else <was abruptly supplanted in her affections by another>.

surrealism

[sə'riəliz(ə)m] n.超现实主义 : the principles, ideals, or practice of producing fantastic or incongruous imagery or effects in art, literature, film, or theater by means of unnatural or irrational juxtapositions(并排) and combinations

susceptible

[sə'septəbl] a.易受影响的，脆弱的 1 : capable of submitting to an action, process, or operation <a theory susceptible to proof> 2 : open, subject, or unresistant to some stimulus, influence, or agency <susceptible to pneumonia> 3 : IMPRESSIONABLE(易受影响的), RESPONSIVE <a susceptible mind> synonyms see LIABLE SUSCEPTIBLE implies conditions existing in one's nature or individual constitution that make incurrence probable <very susceptible to flattery>.

survive

[sə'vaiv] v.幸存 intransitive verb 1 : to remain alive or in existence : live on 2 : to continue to function or prosper transitive verb 1 : to remain alive after the death of <he is survived by his wife> 2 : to continue to exist or live after <survived the earthquake> 3 : to continue to function or prosper despite : WITHSTAND <they survived many hardships>

surge

[sə:dʒ] v.波涛汹涌，波动 intransitive verb 1 : to rise and fall actively : TOSS <a ship surging in heavy seas> 2 : to rise and move in waves or !billows(巨浪) : SWELL <the sea was surging> 3 : to slip around a windlass, capstan, or bitts - used especially of a rope 4 : to rise suddenly to an excessive or abnormal value <the stock market surgeed to a record high> 5 : to move with a surge or in surges <felt the blood surging into his face - Harry Hervey> <she surged past the other runners> transitive verb : to let go or slacken(使松弛，使松懈，使缓和) gradually (as a rope) noun 1 : a swelling, rolling, or sweeping forward like that of a wave or series of waves <a surge of interest> 2 a : a large wave or billow : SWELL b (1) : a series of such swells or billows (2) : the resulting elevation of water level 3 a : a movement (as a slipping or slackening) of a rope or cable b : a sudden jerk(猛拉，扭曲) or strain caused by such a movement 4 : a transient sudden rise of current or voltage in an electrical circuit

susceptibility

[sə`septə'biliti] n.易感性 1 : the quality or state of being susceptible especially : lack of ability to resist some extraneous agent (as a pathogen or drug) : SENSITIVITY 2 a : a susceptible temperament or constitution b plural : FEELINGS, SENSIBILITIES 3 a : the ratio of the magnetization in a substance to the corresponding magnetizing force b : the ratio of the electric polarization to the electric intensity in a polarized dielectric

subside

[səb'said] v.(建筑物等)下陷 1 : to sink or fall to the bottom : SETTLE 2 : to tend downward : DESCEND especially : to flatten out so as to form a depression 3 : to let oneself settle down : SINK <subsided into a chair> 4 : to become quiet or less <as the fever subsides> <my anger subsided>； synonyms see ABATE synonyms ABATE, SUBSIDE, WANE, EBB mean to die down in force or intensity. ABATE stresses the idea of progressive diminishing <the storm abated>. SUBSIDE implies the ceasing of turbulence or agitation <the protests subsided after a few days>. WANE suggests the fading or weakening of something good or impressive <waning enthusiasm>. EBB suggests the receding of something (as the tide) that commonly comes and goes <the ebbing of daylight>.

subsidiary

[səb'sidjəri] a.辅助的；次要的 adjective 1 a : furnishing aid or support : AUXILIARY <subsidiary details> b : of secondary importance <a subsidiary stream> 2 : of, relating to, or constituting a subsidy <a subsidiary payment to an ally> nou : one that is subsidiary especially : a company wholly controlled by another

substantial

[səb'stænʃəl] a.坚固的，结实的；实质的 1 a : consisting of or relating to substance b : not imaginary or illusory : REAL, TRUE c : IMPORTANT, ESSENTIAL 2 : ample to satisfy and nourish : FULL <a substantial meal> 3 a : !possessed of means : WELL-TO-DO(富裕的) b : considerable in quantity : significantly great <earned a substantial wage> 4 : firmly constructed : STURDY <a substantial house> 5 : being largely but not wholly that which is specified <a substantial lie>

subtract

[səb'trækt] v.减去，减掉 transitive verb : to take away by or as if by !deducting <subtract 5 from 9> <subtract funds from the project> intransitive verb : to perform a subtraction

subvert

[səb'və:t] v.颠覆，推翻 1 : to overturn or overthrow from the foundation : RUIN 2 : to pervert(误用,歪曲，曲解，败坏，使...反常) or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith = undermine

substantiate

[səbs'tænʃieit] v.证实，确证 1 : to give substance or form to : EMBODY 2 : to establish by proof or competent evidence : VERIFY <substantiate a charge> synonyms see CONFIRM SUBSTANTIATE implies the offering of evidence that sustains the contention(论点) <the claims have yet to be substantiated>.

succinct

[sək'siŋkt] a.简明的，简洁的 2 : marked by compact precise expression without wasted words <a succinct description> synonyms see CONCISE SUCCINCT implies the greatest possible compression <a succinct letter of resignation>.

suspect

[səs'pekt] v.怀疑；n.嫌疑犯；a.可疑的 adjective 1 : regarded or deserving to be regarded with suspicion : SUSPECTED <investigates suspect employees> 2 : DOUBTFUL, QUESTIONABLE <whose skills are suspect - Peter Vecsey> noun : one that is suspected especially : a person suspected of a crime transitive verb 1 : to imagine (one) to be guilty or culpable(有罪的，该受谴责的) on slight evidence or without proof <suspect him of giving false information> 2 : to have doubts of : DISTRUST <suspects her motives> 3 : to imagine to exist or be true, likely, or probable <I suspect he's right> intransitive verb : to imagine something to be true or likely

suspend

[səs'pend] v.暂缓，中止；吊，悬 transitive verb 1 : to debar(排除，防止，禁止) temporarily especially from a privilege, office, or function <suspend a student from school> 2 a : to cause to stop temporarily <suspend bus service> b : to set aside or make temporarily inoperative(不活动的，不发生效力的) <suspend the rules> 3 : to !defer(推迟；延期；听从) to a later time on specified conditions <suspend sentence> 4 : to hold in an undetermined or undecided state awaiting further information <suspend judgment> <suspend disbelief> 5 a : HANG especially : to hang so as to be free on all sides except at the point of support <suspend a ball by a thread> b : to keep from falling or sinking by some invisible support (as buoyancy) <dust suspended in the air> c : to put or hold in suspension <suspended sediment> 6 a : to keep fixed or lost (as in wonder or contemplation) b : to keep waiting in suspense(悬疑，焦虑，悬念) or indecision 7 : to hold (a musical note) over into the following chord intransitive verb 1 : to cease operation temporarily 2 : to stop payment or fail to meet obligations 3 : HANG synonyms see DEFER SUSPEND implies temporary stoppage with an added suggestion of waiting until some condition is satisfied <business will be suspended while repairs are under way>.

suspicion

[səs'piʃən] n.怀疑，觉察，嫌疑 1 a : the act or an instance of suspecting something wrong without proof or on slight evidence : MISTRUST b : a state of mental uneasiness and uncertainty : DOUBT 2 : a barely detectable amount : TRACE <just a suspicion of garlic(大蒜)> synonyms see UNCERTAINTY SUSPICION stresses lack of faith in the truth, reality, fairness, or reliability of something or someone <regarded the stranger with suspicion>.

suspicious

[səs'piʃəs] a.怀疑的 1 : tending to arouse suspicion : QUESTIONABLE <suspicious characters> 2 : disposed to suspect : DISTRUSTFUL <suspicious of strangers> 3 : expressing or indicative of suspicion <a suspicious glance>

sustain

[səs'tein] v.承受(困难)，支撑(重量) transitive verb 1 : to give support or relief to 2 : to supply with sustenance(食物；生计) : NOURISH 3 : KEEP UP, PROLONG 4 : to support the weight of : !PROP(支持) also : to carry or withstand (a weight or pressure) 5 : to !buoy(支持，鼓励) up <sustained by hope> 6 a : to bear up under b : SUFFER, UNDERGO <sustained heavy losses> 7 a : to support as true, legal, or just b : to allow or admit as valid <the court sustained the motion> 8 : to support by adequate proof : CONFIRM <testimony that sustains our contention> noun: a musical effect that prolongs a note's resonance <utilizing heavy sustain on his guitar - Bill Dahl>

sustained

[səs'teind] a.持久的，经久不衰的

suborn

[sʌ'bɔ:n] v.收买，贿赂 1 : to induce secretly to do an unlawful thing 2 : to induce to commit perjury(伪证；假誓) also : to obtain (perjured testimony) from a witness

summation

[sʌ'meiʃən] n.总结，概要；总数，合计 1 : the act or process of forming a sum : ADDITION 2 : SUM, TOTAL 3 : cumulative action or effect especially : the process by which a sequence of stimuli that are individually inadequate to produce a response are cumulatively able to induce a nerve impulse 4 : a final part of an argument reviewing points made and expressing conclusions

subdue

[sʌb'dju:] v.征服；压制；减轻 1 : to conquer and bring into subjection : VANQUISH(打败,征服,克服) 2 : to bring under control especially by an exertion of the will : CURB <subdued my foolish fears> 3 : to bring (land) under cultivation 4 : to reduce the intensity or degree of : tone down synonyms see CONQUER SUBDUE implies a defeating and suppression <subdued the native tribes after years of fighting>.

subdued

[sʌb'djud] a.(光和声)柔和的，缓和的；(人)温和的 : lacking in vitality, intensity, or strength <subdued colors>

?subjective

[sʌb'dʒektiv] a.主观的，想象的 1 : of, relating to, or constituting a subject : as a obsolete : of, relating to, or characteristic of one that is a subject especially in lack of freedom of action or in submissiveness b : being or relating to a grammatical subject especially : NOMINATIVE 2 : of or relating to the essential being of that which has substance, qualities, attributes, or relations 3 a : characteristic of or belonging to reality as perceived rather than as independent of mind : PHENOMENAL compare OBJECTIVE 1b b : relating to or being experience or knowledge as conditioned by personal mental characteristics or states 4 a (1) : peculiar to a particular individual : PERSONAL £ subjective judgments (2) : modified or affected by personal views, experience, or background £ a subjective account of the incident b : arising from conditions within the brain or sense organs and not directly caused by external stimuli £ subjective sensations c : arising out of or identified by means of one's perception of one's own states and processes £ a subjective symptom of disease compare OBJECTIVE 1c 5 : lacking in reality or substance : ILLUSORY幻觉 虚假的 ；加ty ness ly subjugate ['sʌbdʒugeit] v.征服，镇压 1 : to bring under control and governance as a subject : CONQUER 2 : to make submissive : SUBDUE

subliminal

[sʌb'liminl] a.潜意识的 1 : inadequate to produce a sensation or a perception 2 : existing or functioning below the threshold of consciousness <the subliminal mind> <subliminal advertising>

subsistence

[sʌb'sistəns] n.生存，生计；存在 1 a (1) : real being : EXISTENCE (2) : the condition of remaining in existence : CONTINUATION, PERSISTENCE b : an essential characteristic quality of something that exists c : the character possessed by whatever is logically conceivable(想得到的，可想像的，可能的) 2 : means of subsisting: as a : the minimum (as of food and shelter) necessary to support life b : a source or means of obtaining the necessities of life

subsume

[sʌb'sju:m] v.包含，包容 : to include or place within something larger or more comprehensive : encompass as a subordinate(下级的) or component element <red, green, and yellow are subsumed under the term "color">

subversive

[sʌb'və:siv] n. & a.颠覆性的，破坏性的 Something that is subversive is intended to weaken or destroy a political system or government. Subversives are people who attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government.

subversion

[sʌb'və:ʃən] n. 颠覆，破坏 1 : the act of subverting : the state of being subverted especially : a systematic attempt to overthrow or undermine a government or political system by persons working secretly from within

subterranean

[sʌbtə'reiniən] a.地下的 1 : being, lying, or operating under the surface of the earth 2 : existing or working in secret : HIDDEN <a subterranean network of criminals>

tame

[teim] a.驯服的；沉闷的 adjective 1 : reduced from a state of native wildness especially so as to be tractable(易驾驭的，温顺的) and useful to humans : !DOMESTICATED <tame animals> 2 : made docile and submissive : !SUBDUED 3 : lacking spirit, !zest, interest, or the capacity to excite : !INSIPID(平淡的) <a tame campaign> transitive verb 1 a : to reduce from a wild to a domestic state b : to subject to cultivation c : to bring under control : HARNESS 2 : to deprive of spirit : HUMBLE, SUBDUE <the once revolutionary party, long since tamed - Times Lit. Supp.> 3 : to tone down : SOFTEN <tamed the language in the play> intransitive verb : to become tame

tempestuous

[tem'pestjuəs] a.狂暴的 : of, relating to, or resembling a tempest : TURBULENT, STORMY <tempestuous weather> <a tempestuous relationship>

temptation

[temp'teiʃən] n.诱惑，诱惑物 1 : the act of tempting or the state of being tempted especially to evil : !ENTICEMENT(吸引 诱惑) 2 : something tempting : a cause or occasion of enticement

temp

[temp] v.做临时工作 noun 1 : TEMPERATURE 2A : degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale C : abnormally high body heat <running a temperature> 2 : a temporary worker intransitive verb : to work as a temp

tendentious

[ten'denʃəs] a.有偏见的 : marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of view : BIASED

tend

[tend] v.照料，看顾 intransitive verb 2 : to pay attention : apply oneself <tend to your own affairs> <tend to our correspondence> 3 : to act as an attendant : SERVE <tended to his wife> transitive verb 1 archaic : to attend as a servant 2 a : to apply oneself to the care of : watch over <tended her sick father> b : to have or take charge of as a caretaker or overseer <tend the sheep> c : CULTIVATE, FOSTER d : to manage the operations of : MIND <tend the store> <tend the fire> 3 : to stand by (as a rope) in readiness to prevent mischance(不幸 坏运气) (as fouling) intransitive verb 1 : to move, direct, or develop one's course in a particular direction <cannot tell where society is tending> 2 : to exhibit an inclination or tendency : CONDUCE <tends to be optimistic>

testator

[tes'teitə] n.立遗嘱的人 : a person who dies leaving a will or testament in force

tare

[teə] n.莠草，杂草 noun 1 a : the seed of a vetch(野豌豆) b : any of several vetches 2 : a weed of grain fields especially of Biblical times that is usually held to be the darnel(毒麦，黑麦草) 3 plural : an undesirable element noun 1 : a deduction from the gross weight of a substance and its container made in allowance for the weight of the container also : the weight of the container(皮重 包装重量) 2 : COUNTERWEIGHT(平衡物，平衡力，称锤) transitive verb : to !ascertain(查明，确定) or mark the tare of especially : to weigh so as to determine the tare

temerity

[ti'meriti] n.鲁莽，大胆 1 : unreasonable or foolhardy(有勇无谋的) contempt of danger or opposition : RASHNESS, RECKLESSNESS 2 : an act or instance of temerity synonyms TEMERITY, AUDACITY, HARDIHOOD, EFFRONTERY, NERVE, CHEEK, GALL, CHUTZPAH mean conspicuous or flagrant boldness. TEMERITY suggests boldness arising from rashness and contempt of danger <had the temerity to refuse>.

tenacious

[ti'neiʃəs] a.坚韧不拔的 1 a : not easily pulled apart : COHESIVE <a tenacious metal> b : tending to adhere or cling especially to another substance <tenacious burs(刺蒺藜)> 2 a : persistent in maintaining, adhering to, or seeking something valued or desired <a tenacious advocate of civil rights> <tenacious negotiators> b : RETENTIVE(有记性的, 记忆力强的) <a tenacious memory> synonyms see STRONG TENACIOUS suggests strength in seizing, retaining, clinging to, or holding together <tenacious farmers clinging to an age-old way of life>.

tenacity

[ti'næsiti] n.坚持，固执 : the quality or state of being tenacious synonyms see COURAGE

terrestrial

[ti'restriəl] a.地球的；陆地的 1 a : of or relating to the earth or its inhabitants <terrestrial magnetism> b : mundane(尘世的,世俗的,平凡的) in scope or character : !PROSAIC(单调的，无趣的) 2 a : of or relating to land as distinct from air or water <terrestrial transportation> b (1) : living on or in or growing from land <terrestrial plants> <terrestrial birds> (2) : of or relating to terrestrial organisms <terrestrial habits> 3 : belonging to the class of planets that are like the earth (as in density and silicate composition) <the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, and Mars>

tease

[ti:z] v.逗乐，戏弄；强求；n.揶揄，戏弄，取笑 transitive verb 1 a : to disentangle(从纠缠或麻烦中解脱出来) and lay parallel by combing or carding <tease wool> b : TEASEL 2 : to tear in pieces especially : to shred (a tissue or specimen) for microscopic examination 3 a : to disturb or annoy by persistent irritating or provoking especially in a petty or mischievous(调皮的，恶作剧的) way b : to annoy with petty persistent requests : PESTER(打扰或纠缠某人) also : to obtain by repeated !coaxing(哄诱) c : to persuade to !acquiesce(勉强同意，默认) especially by persistent small efforts : COAX d : to manipulate or influence as if by teasing e : to make fun of : KID 4 : to comb (hair) by taking hold of a strand and pushing the short hairs toward the scalp with the comb 5 : to tantalize(挑惹，挑逗) especially by arousing desire or curiosity often without intending to satisfy it synonyms see WORRY WORRY implies an !incessant(无间断的；连续不断的) goading or attacking that drives one to desperation <pursued a policy of worrying the enemy>. TEASE suggests an attempt to break down one's resistance or rouse to wrath(愤怒，大怒) <children teased the dog>. noun 1 : the act of teasing : the state of being teased 2 : one that teases

tear

[tiə] v.撕裂 noun 2 : a transparent drop of fluid or hardened fluid matter (as resin) 3 plural : an act of weeping or grieving <broke into tears> intransitive verb : to fill with tears : shed tears <eyes tearing in the November wind - Saul Bellow> transitive verb 1 a : to separate parts of or pull apart by force : REND(撕裂，猛拉) b : to wound by or as if by tearing : !LACERATE <tear the skin> 2 : to divide or disrupt by the pull of contrary forces <a mind torn with doubts> 3 a : to remove by force : WRENCH(扭曲；扭伤) - often used with off <tear a cover off a box> b : to remove as if by wrenching <tear your thoughts away from the scene> 4 : to make or effect by or as if by tearing <tear a hole in the wall> intransitive verb 1 : to separate on being pulled : REND <this cloth tears easily> 2 a : to move or act with violence, haste, or force <went tearing down the street> b : to smash or penetrate something with violent force <the bullet tore through his leg> noun 1 a : damage from being torn especially : a hole or flaw made by tearing b : the act of tearing 2 a : a tearing pace : HURRY b : SPREE(外出作乐, 游乐,通常指花很多钱的) <got paid and went on a tear> c : a run of unusual success <the team was on a tear>

?tag

[tæg] n.鞋带；附属物，标签 to provide with a name or epithet : LABEL, BRAND £ tagged him a has-been 2 : to attach as an addition : APPEND 3 : to follow closely and persistently 4 : to hold to account especially : to charge with violating the law £ was tagged for . . . assault — Burt Woolis

taxonomist

[tæk'sɔnəmist] n.分类学家 : a specialist in taxonomy

tact

[tækt] n.机智；圆滑 1 : sensitive mental or aesthetic perception <converted the novel into a play with remarkable skill and tact> 2 : a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offense

tamp

[tæmp] v.捣实，砸实 transitive verb 1 : to drive in or down by a succession of light or medium blows <tamp wet concrete> 2 : to put a check on : REDUCE, LESSEN <tamp down rumors> noun : a tool for tamping

tan

[tæn] v.鞣(革), 使晒成棕褐色 transitive verb 1 a : to convert (hide(兽皮)) into leather by treatment with an infusion of tannin-rich bark or other agent of similar effect b : to convert (protein) to leather or a similar substance 2 : to make (skin) tan especially by exposure to the sun 3 : THRASH(鞭打), WHIP intransitive verb : to get or become tanned adjective 1 : of, relating to, or used for tan or tanning 2 : of the color tan noun 1 : a tanning material or its active agent (as tannin) 2 : a brown color imparted(传授，赋予，告知) to the skin especially by exposure to the sun 3 : a light yellowish brown 4 plural : tan-colored articles of clothing

tarpaulin

[tɑ:'pɔlin] n.防水油布 1 : a piece of material (as durable plastic) used for protecting exposed objects or areas 2 : SAILOR(海员，水手)

tart

[tɑ:t] a.酸的；尖酸的 adjective 1 : agreeably sharp or acid to the taste <a tart apple> 2 : marked by a biting, !acrimonious(刻薄的), or cutting quality <a tart rejoinder(反驳性质的回答)>

taut

[tɔ:t] a.绷紧的 adjective 1 a : having no give(延展性 弹性 弹力) or slack(松弛) : tightly drawn <a taut rope> b : HIGH-STRUNG(高度紧张的，容易兴奋的), TENSE <taut nerves> 2 a : kept in proper order or condition <a taut ship> b (1) : not loose or flabby <taut muscles> (2) : marked by economy of structure and detail <a taut story> combining form : same <tautomerism(互变异性)> <tautonym(属种同名)>

taboo

[tə'bu:] a.讳忌的；n.禁忌 adjective 1 : forbidden to profane use or contact because of what are held to be dangerous supernatural powers 2 a : banned on grounds of morality or taste <the subject is taboo> b : banned as constituting a risk <the area beyond is taboo, still alive with explosives - Robert Leckie> noun 1 : a prohibition against touching, saying, or doing something for fear of immediate harm from a supernatural force 2 : a prohibition imposed by social custom or as a protective measure 3 : belief in taboos transitive verb 1 : to set apart as taboo especially by marking with a ritualistic(仪式的) symbol 2 : to avoid or ban as taboo

terse

[tə:s] a.简洁的，简明的 1 : smoothly elegant : POLISHED(精练的，优美的，有教养的) 2 : devoid of superfluity <a terse summary> also : SHORT, BRUSQUE(粗鲁无礼的、唐突鲁莽的) <dismissed me with a terse "no"> synonyms see CONCISE TERSE implies pointed conciseness <a terse reply>.

chide

[tʃaid] v.叱责，指责 If you chide someone, you speak to them angrily because they have done something wicked or foolish. (OLD-FASHIONED) = scold vi : to speak out in angry or displeased rebuke vt : to voice disapproval to : reproach in a usually mild and constructive manner : SCOLD synonyms see REPROVE

cherubic

[tʃe'ru:bik] a.(尤指孩子)胖乎乎而天真无邪的

check

[tʃek] v.使突然停止，阻止

? chip

[tʃip] n.薄片，碎片；集成电路片

choice

[tʃɔis] a.上等的；精选的 Choice means of very high quality. (FORMAL) = select ...Fortnum and Mason's choicest chocolates. 1 : worthy of being chosen 2 : selected with care 3 a : of high quality b : of a grade between prime and good <choice meat>

churl

[tʃə:l] n.粗鄙之人 1 : CEORL(自由民中最下层的人) 2 : a medieval peasant 3 : RUSTIC(乡村的,纯朴的, 粗俗的), COUNTRYMAN 4 a : a rude ill-bred(没有教养的) person b : a stingy(小气的) morose(脾气坏的) person

choke

[tʃəuk] v.(使)窒息，阻塞 When you choke or when something chokes you, you cannot breathe properly or get enough air into your lungs. To choke someone means to squeeze their neck until they are dead. If a place is choked with things or people, it is full of them and they prevent movement in it. When you choke or when something chokes you, you cannot breathe properly or get enough air into your lungs. If you choke back tears or a strong emotion, you force yourself not to show your emotion. = suppress Choking back tears, he said Mary died in his arms. 2 a : to check or hinder the growth, development, or activity of <the flowers were choked by the weeds> b : to become or feel constricted in the throat (as from strong emotion) usually used with up <choked up and couldn't finish the speech>

ingénue

[ænʒei'nju:] n.天真无邪的少女 1 : a naive girl or young woman 2 : the stage role of an ingenue also : an actress playing such a role

ensemble

[ɒ:n'sɒ:mbl] n.全体；大合唱 An ensemble is a group of musicians, actors, or dancers who regularly perform together. ...an ensemble of young musicians... An ensemble of things or people is a group of things or people considered as a whole rather than as separate individuals. (FORMAL) The state is an ensemble of political and social structures.

irk

[ə:k] v.使苦恼的，厌烦 : to make weary, irritated, or bored synonyms see ANNOY IRK stresses difficulty in enduring and the resulting weariness or impatience of spirit <careless waste irks the boss>. noun 1 : the fact of being annoying 2 : a source of annoyance

chef

[ʃef] n.厨师

chicanery

[ʃi'keinəri] n.诡计，狡诈 Chicanery is using cleverness to cheat people. (FORMAL) = trickery 1 : deception by artful subterfuge or sophistry : TRICKERY 2 : a piece of sharp practice (as at law) : TRICK

theocracy

[θi'ɔkrəsi] n.神权政治 1 : government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided 2 : a state governed by a theocracy(神权政治)

thrust

[θrʌst] v.猛力推；刺，戳 transitive verb 1 : to push or drive with force : SHOVE(推) 2 : to cause to enter or pierce something by or as if by pushing <thrust a dagger(短剑，匕首) into his heart> 3 : EXTEND, SPREAD 4 : STAB, PIERCE 5 a : to put (as an unwilling person) forcibly into a course of action or position <was thrust into the job> b : to introduce often improperly into a position : INTERPOLATE(通过插入新的或不正当的材料窜改；插入(如：在课本中添加材料)；插话) 6 : to press, force, or impose the acceptance of upon someone <thrust new responsibilities upon her> intransitive verb 1 a : to force an entrance or passage b : to push forward : press onward c : to push upward : PROJECT 2 : to make a thrust, !stab(刺穿；刺伤), or lunge(刺 戳) with or as if with a pointed weapon <thrust at them with a knife> noun 1 a : a push or lunge with a pointed weapon b (1) : a verbal attack (2) : a military assault 2 a : a strong continued pressure b : the sideways force or pressure of one part of a structure against another part (as of an arch against an abutment(桥台, 拱座)) c : the force produced by a propeller or by a jet or rocket engine that drives a vehicle (as an aircraft) forward d : a nearly horizontal geological fault(断层) 3 a : a forward or upward push b : a movement (as by a group of people) in a specified direction 4 a : salient(显著的，突出的) or essential element or meaning <the thrust of the argument> b : principal concern or objective <the plan's major thrust is testing - Ryan Lizza>

thaw

[θɔ:] v.解冻，溶化 transitive verb : to cause to thaw intransitive verb 1 a : to go from a frozen to a liquid state : MELT b : to become free of the effect (as stiffness, numbness, or hardness) of cold as a result of exposure to warmth 2 : to be warm enough to melt ice and snow - used with it in reference to the weather 3 : to abandon aloofness(冷淡，疏远), reserve(保留；克制), or hostility : UNBEND(变得轻松和随便) 4 : to become mobile, active, or susceptible to change noun 1 : the action, fact, or process of thawing 2 : a period of weather warm enough to thaw ice <the January thaw> 3 : the action or process of becoming less aloof, less hostile, or more genial(友好的，和蔼可亲的) <a thaw in international relations>

thorn

[θɔ:n] n.刺；荆棘 1 : a woody plant bearing sharp impeding processes (as prickles(皮刺, 刺毛) or spines(刺 刺毛)) especially : HAWTHORN(山楂树) 2 a : a sharp rigid process on a plant specifically : a short, indurated(坚固的), sharp-pointed, and leafless modified branch b : any of various sharp spinose structures on an animal 4 : something that causes distress or irritation - often used in the phrase thorn in one's side

synonyms CONDUCT, MANAGE, CONTROL, DIRECT

synonyms CONDUCT, MANAGE, CONTROL, DIRECT mean to use one's powers to lead, guide, or dominate. CONDUCT implies taking responsibility for the acts and achievements of a group <conducted negotiations>. MANAGE implies direct handling and manipulating or maneuvering toward a desired result <manages a meat market>. CONTROL implies a regulating or restraining in order to keep within bounds or on a course <controlling his appetite>. DIRECT implies constant guiding and regulating so as to achieve smooth operation <directs the store's day-to-day business>.

synonyms see CONTRACT

synonyms CONTRACT, SHRINK, CONDENSE, COMPRESS, CONSTRICT, DEFLATE mean to decrease in bulk or volume. CONTRACT applies to a drawing together of surfaces or particles or a reduction of area or length <caused her muscles to contract>. SHRINK implies a contracting or a loss of material and stresses a falling short of original dimensions <the sweater will shrink when washed>. CONDENSE implies a reducing of something homogeneous to greater compactness without significant loss of content <condense the essay into a paragraph>. COMPRESS implies a pressing into a small compass and definite shape usually against resistance <compressed cotton into bales>. CONSTRICT implies a tightening that reduces diameter <the throat is constricted by a tight collar>. DEFLATE implies a contracting by reducing the internal pressure of contained air or gas <deflate the balloon>.

synonyms see DISINCLINED

synonyms DISINCLINED, HESITANT, RELUCTANT, LOATH, AVERSE mean lacking the will or desire to do something indicated. DISINCLINED implies lack of taste for or inclination <disinclined to move again> <disinclined for reading>. RELUCTANT implies a holding back through unwillingness <a reluctant witness>.

synonyms see FORCE

synonyms FORCE, COMPEL, COERCE, CONSTRAIN, OBLIGE mean to make someone or something yield. FORCE is the general term and implies the overcoming of resistance by the exertion of strength, power, or duress <forced to flee for their lives>. COMPEL typically suggests overcoming of resistance or unwillingness by an irresistible force <compelled to admit my mistake>. COERCE suggests overcoming resistance or unwillingness by actual or threatened violence or pressure <coerced into signing over the rights>. CONSTRAIN suggests the effect of a force or circumstance that limits freedom of action or choice <constrained by conscience>. OBLIGE implies the constraint of necessity, law, or duty <felt obliged to go>.

synonyms see FRUSTRATE

synonyms FRUSTRATE, THWART, FOIL, BAFFLE, BALK mean to check or defeat another's plan or block achievement of a goal. FRUSTRATE implies making vain or ineffectual all efforts however vigorous or persistent <frustrated attempts at government reform>. THWART suggests frustration or checking by crossing or opposing <the army thwarted his attempt at a !coup(政变)>. FOIL implies checking or defeating so as to discourage further effort <foiled by her parents, he stopped trying to see her>. BAFFLE implies frustration by confusing or puzzling <baffled by the !maze(迷宫 迷魂阵 错综,复杂) of rules and regulations>. BALK suggests the interposing of obstacles or hindrances <officials felt that legal restrictions had balked their efforts to control crime>.

synonyms see GHASTLY

synonyms GHASTLY, GRISLY, GRUESOME, MACABRE, LURID mean horrifying and repellent in appearance or aspect. GRISLY and GRUESOME suggest additionally the results of extreme violence or cruelty <an unusually grisly murder> <suffered a gruesome death>. LURID adds to GRUESOME the suggestion of shuddering(震动的) fascination with violent death and especially with murder <the lurid details of a crime>.

synonyms see HATE

synonyms HATE, DETEST, ABHOR, ABOMINATE, LOATHE mean to feel strong aversion or intense dislike for. HATE implies an emotional aversion often coupled with enmity or malice <hated the enemy with a passion>. DETEST suggests violent antipathy <detests cowards>. ABHOR implies a deep often shuddering(发抖的) repugnance(深恶痛绝) <a crime abhorred by all>. ABOMINATE suggests strong detestation and often moral condemnation <abominates all forms of violence>. LOATHE implies utter disgust and intolerance <loathed the mere sight of them>. adjective : unwilling to do something contrary to one's ways of thinking : RELUCTANT synonyms see DISINCLINED LOATH implies hesitancy(踌躇) because of conflict with one's opinions, predilections, or liking <seems loath to trust anyone>.

synonyms see HIDE

synonyms HIDE, CONCEAL, SCREEN, SECRETE, BURY mean to withhold or withdraw from sight. HIDE may or may not suggest intent <hide in the closet> <a house hidden in the woods>. CONCEAL usually does imply intent and often specif. implies a refusal to divulge <concealed the weapon>. SCREEN implies an interposing of something that prevents discovery <a house screened by trees>. SECRETE suggests a depositing in a place unknown to others <secreted the amulet inside his shirt>. BURY implies covering up so as to hide completely <buried the treasure>.

synonyms see IDEA

synonyms IDEA, CONCEPT, CONCEPTION, THOUGHT, NOTION, IMPRESSION mean what exists in the mind as a representation (as of something comprehended) or as a formulation (as of a plan). IDEA may apply to a mental image or formulation of something seen or known or imagined, to a pure abstraction, or to something assumed or vaguely sensed <innovative ideas> <my idea of paradise>. CONCEPT may apply to the idea formed by consideration of instances of a species or genus or, more broadly, to any idea of what a thing ought to be <a society with no concept of private property>. CONCEPTION is often interchangeable with CONCEPT. it may stress the process of imagining or formulating rather than the result <our changing conception of what constitutes art>. THOUGHT is likely to suggest the result of reflecting, reasoning, or meditating rather than of imagining <commit your thoughts to paper>. NOTION suggests an idea not much resolved by analysis or reflection and may suggest the capricious or accidental <you have the oddest notions>. IMPRESSION applies to an idea or notion resulting immediately from some stimulation of the senses <the first impression is of soaring height>.

synonyms see PITY

synonyms PITY, COMPASSION, COMMISERATION, CONDOLENCE, SYMPATHY mean the act or capacity for sharing the painful feelings of another. PITY implies tender or sometimes slightly contemptuous sorrow for one in misery or distress <felt pity for the captives>. COMPASSION implies pity coupled with an urgent desire to aid or to spare <treats the homeless with great compassion>. COMMISERATION suggests pity expressed outwardly in exclamations, tears, or words of comfort <murmurs of commiseration filled the loser's headquarters>. CONDOLENCE applies chiefly to formal expression of grief to one who has suffered loss <expressed their condolences to the widow>. SYMPATHY often suggests a tender concern but can also imply a power to enter into another's emotional experience of any sort <went to my best friend for sympathy> <in sympathy with her desire to locate her natural parents>.

synonyms see IDLE

synonyms IDLE, LOAF, LOUNGE, LOLL, LAZE mean to spend time doing nothing. IDLE may be used in reference to persons that move lazily or without purpose <idled the day away>. LOAF suggests either resting or wandering about as though there were nothing to do <she does her work and then loafs the rest of the day>. LOUNGE, though occasionally used as equal to idle or loaf, typically conveys an additional implication of resting or reclining(倚靠) against a support or of physical comfort and ease in relaxation <he lounged against the wall>. LOLL also carries an implication of a posture similar to that of lounge, but places greater stress upon an indolent(懒惰的) or relaxed attitude <lolling on the couch>. LAZE usually implies the relaxation of a busy person enjoying a vacation or moments of leisure <lazed about between appointments>. transitive verb : to pass (time) idly noun 1 : a place for lounging: as a : a room in a private home or public building for leisure activities : LIVING ROOM also : LOBBY(休息厅) b : a room in a usually public building or vehicle often combining lounging, smoking, and toilet facilities 2 : a long couch

synonyms see IMPACT

synonyms IMPACT, COLLISION, SHOCK, CONCUSSION mean a forceful, even violent contact between two or more things. IMPACT may be used to imply contact between two things, at least one of which is impelled toward the other <the glass shattered on impact with the floor>. COLLISION implies the coming together of two or more things with such force that both or all are damaged or their progress is severely impeded <the collision damaged the vehicle>. SHOCK often denotes the effect produced by a collision and carries the suggestion of something that strikes or hits with force <the shock of falling rocks>. CONCUSSION when not in technical use, often suggests the shattering, disrupting, or weakening effects of a collision, explosion, or blow <bystanders felt the concussion of the blast>.

synonyms INDULGE, PAMPER, HUMOR, SPOIL, BABY, MOLLYCODDLE

synonyms INDULGE, PAMPER, HUMOR, SPOIL, BABY, MOLLYCODDLE mean to show undue favor to a person's desires and feelings. INDULGE implies excessive compliance and weakness in gratifying another's or one's own desires <indulged myself with food at the slightest excuse>.

synonyms see INFUSE

synonyms INFUSE, SUFFUSE, IMBUE, INGRAIN, INOCULATE, LEAVEN mean to introduce one thing into another so as to affect it throughout. INFUSE implies a pouring in of something that gives new life or significance <new members infused enthusiasm into the club>. SUFFUSE implies a spreading through of something that gives an unusual color or quality <a room suffused with light>. IMBUE implies the introduction of a quality that fills and permeates the whole being <imbue students with intellectual curiosity>. INGRAIN, used only in the passive or past participle, suggests the deep implanting of a quality or trait <clung to ingrained habits>. INOCULATE implies an imbuing or implanting with a germinal idea and often suggests stealth or subtlety <an electorate(选民，有选举权者) inoculated with dangerous ideas>. !LEAVEN(发酵剂；发酵) implies introducing something that enlivens, tempers, or markedly alters the total quality <a serious play leavened with comic moments>.

synonyms see JUNCTURE

synonyms JUNCTURE, EXIGENCY, EMERGENCY, CONTINGENCY, PINCH, STRAITS, CRISIS mean a critical or crucial time or state of affairs. JUNCTURE stresses the significant concurrence or convergence of events <an important juncture in our country's history>. STRAITS applies to a troublesome situation from which escape is extremely difficult <in dire straits>.

synonyms see MAINTAIN

synonyms MAINTAIN, ASSERT, DEFEND, VINDICATE, JUSTIFY mean to uphold as true, right, just, or reasonable. MAINTAIN stresses firmness of conviction <steadfastly maintained his innocence>. ASSERT suggests determination to make others accept one's claim <asserted her rights>. DEFEND implies maintaining in the face of attack or criticism <defended his voting record>. VINDICATE implies successfully defending <his success vindicated our faith in him>. JUSTIFY implies showing to be true, just, or valid by appeal to a standard or to precedent <the action was used to justify military intervention>.

synonyms see MIX

synonyms MIX, MINGLE, COMMINGLE, BLEND, MERGE, COALESCE, AMALGAMATE, FUSE mean to combine into a more or less uniform whole. MIX may or may not imply loss of each element's identity <mix the salad greens> <mix a drink>. MINGLE usually suggests that the elements are still somewhat distinguishable or separately active <fear mingled with anticipation in my mind>. COMMINGLE implies a closer or more thorough mingling <a sense of duty commingled with a fierce pride drove her>. BLEND implies that the elements as such disappear in the resulting mixture <blended several teas to create a balanced flavor>. MERGE suggests a combining in which one or more elements are lost in the whole <in his mind reality and fantasy merged>. COALESCE implies an affinity in the merging elements and usually a resulting organic unity <telling details that coalesce into a striking portrait>. AMALGAMATE implies the forming of a close union without complete loss of individual identities <refugees who were readily amalgamated into the community>. FUSE stresses oneness and indissolubility of the resulting product <a building in which modernism and classicism are fused>.

synonyms see PAY

synonyms PAY, COMPENSATE, REMUNERATE, SATISFY, REIMBURSE, INDEMNIFY, REPAY, RECOMPENSE mean to give money or its equivalent in return for something. PAY implies the discharge of an obligation incurred <paid their bills on time>. COMPENSATE implies a making up for services rendered or help given <an attorney well compensated for her services>. REMUNERATE more clearly suggests paying for services rendered and may extend to payment that is generous or not contracted for <promised to remunerate the searchers handsomely>. SATISFY implies paying a person what is demanded or required by law <all creditors will be satisfied in full>. REIMBURSE implies a return of money that has been expended for another's benefit <reimbursed employees for expenses>. INDEMNIFY implies making good a loss suffered through accident, disaster, warfare <indemnified the families of the dead miners>. REPAY stresses paying back an equivalent in kind or amount <repay a favor with a favor>. RECOMPENSE suggests due return in amends, friendly repayment, or reward <hotel guests were recompensed for their inconvenience>.

synonyms see SENSE

synonyms SENSE, COMMON SENSE, JUDGMENT, WISDOM mean ability to reach intelligent conclusions. SENSE implies a reliable ability to judge and decide with soundness, prudence, and intelligence <a choice showing good sense>. COMMON SENSE suggests an average degree of such ability without sophistication or special knowledge <common sense tells me it's wrong>. JUDGMENT implies sense tempered and refined by experience, training, and maturity <they relied on her judgment for guidance>. WISDOM implies sense and judgment far above average <a leader of rare wisdom>.

synonyms see THINK

synonyms THINK, CONCEIVE, IMAGINE, FANCY, REALIZE, ENVISAGE, ENVISION mean to form an idea of. THINK implies the entrance of an idea into one's mind with or without deliberate consideration or reflection <I just thought of a good joke>. CONCEIVE suggests the forming and bringing forth and usually developing of an idea, plan, or design <conceived of a new marketing approach>. IMAGINE stresses a visualization <imagine you're at the beach>. FANCY suggests an imagining often unrestrained by reality but spurred by desires <fancied himself a super athlete>. REALIZE stresses a grasping of the significance of what is conceived or imagined <realized the enormity of the task ahead>. ENVISAGE and ENVISION imply a conceiving or imagining that is especially clear or detailed <envisaged a totally computerized operation> <envisioned a cure for the disease>.

synonyms see TRITE

synonyms TRITE, HACKNEYED, STEREOTYPED, THREADBARE mean lacking the freshness that evokes attention or interest. TRITE applies to a once effective phrase or idea spoiled from long familiarity <"you win some, you lose some" is a trite expression>. HACKNEYED stresses being worn out by overuse so as to become dull and meaningless <all of the metaphors and images in the poem are hackneyed>. STEREOTYPED implies falling invariably into the same pattern or form <views of minorities that are stereotyped and out-of-date>. THREADBARE applies to what has been used until its possibilities of interest have been totally exhausted <a mystery novel with a threadbare plot>.

synonyms see UNDERSTAND, INCLUDE

synonyms UNDERSTAND, COMPREHEND, APPRECIATE mean to have a clear or complete idea of. UNDERSTAND and COMPREHEND are very often interchangeable. UNDERSTAND may, however, stress the fact of having attained a firm mental grasp of something <orders that were fully understood and promptly obeyed>. COMPREHEND may stress the process of coming to grips with something intellectually <I have trouble comprehending your reasons for doing this>. APPRECIATE implies a just evaluation or judgment of a thing's value or nature <failed to appreciate the risks involved>.

synonyms see VICIOUS

synonyms VICIOUS, VILLAINOUS, INIQUITOUS, NEFARIOUS, CORRUPT, DEGENERATE mean highly reprehensible(应受谴责的) or offensive in character, nature, or conduct. VICIOUS may directly oppose virtuous in implying moral depravity(堕落，腐败，邪恶), or may connote malignancy, cruelty, or destructive violence <a vicious gangster>. VILLAINOUS applies to any evil, depraved, or vile(恶劣的) conduct or characteristic <a villainous assault>. INIQUITOUS implies absence of all signs of justice or fairness <an iniquitous system of taxation>.