Top secret ecology test 🤫🤫

10. In a forest community , a shelf fungus and a slug live on the side of a decanting tree trunk. The fungus digest and absorbs materials from the tree, while the slug eats algae digests and absorbs materials from decaying tree trunk . These organisms do not compete with one another because they occupy ... A. the same habitat , but different niches , B. the same niche , but different habitats C. the same niche and the same habitat D. different habitats and different niches

A

12. The graph below shows how the human population has grown over the last several thousand years. Which statement is a valid inference that can be made if the human population continues to grow at a rate similar to the rate shown between 1000 A.D. and 2000 A.D.? A. Future ecosystems will be stressed and many animal habitats may be destroyed. B.Global warming will decrease as a result of a lower demand for fossil fuels. C. One hundred years after all resources are used up, the human population will level off. D. All environmental problems can be solved without a reduction in the growth rate of the human population.

A

18. Which ecological term includes everything represented in the illustration? A. ecosystem B. community C. population D. species

A

19. What imapct does the amount of available water energy and o2 have on the ecosystem? A. They act as limiting factors B. They are used as nutrients C. They recycle the residue of dead organisms D. They control environmental temperature

A

21. Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in the specific ecosystem? A. the average temperature of the ecosystem B. the number and kinds of soil minerals in the ecosystem C. the number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem D. the concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem

A

3 . A food pyramid representing relationships in a pond community is shown . D Bass с Minnows B Water fleas A Algae The energy of the Sun is made available to the pond community through the activities of the organisms at level A. A B. B C. C D. D

A

37. The graph shown represents a predator-prey relationship. What is the most probable reason for the increasing predator population from day 5 to day 6? A. an increasing food supply from day 5 to day 6 B. a predator population equal in size to the prey population from day 5 to day 6 C. the decreasing prey population from day 1 to day 2 D. the extinction of the yeast on day 3 and

A

42. Car exhaust has been blamed for increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. Some scientists believe this additional carbon dioxide in the air may cause A. global warming B. increased biodiversity C. habitat preservation D. ozone destruction

A

6 . Decomposition and decay of organic matter are accomplished by the action of A green plants B. bacteria and fungi C. viruses and algae D. scavengers

B

16. Imported animal species often disrupt an ecosystem because in their new environment, they will most likely A. eliminate the genetic variation of the autotrophs B. increase the number of mutations in the herbivores C. have no natural enemies D. be unable to produce offspring

C

2. The accompanying diagram illustrates the relationships between organisms in an ecosystem . Raccoons Ducks Carnivorous fish Minnows Aquatic crustaceans Algae and floating plants . Which change would most likely reduce the population size of the carnivorous fish ? A. an increase in the autotroph populations B. a decrease in the duck population C. an increase in the raccoon population D. a decrease in pathogens of carnivorous fish

C

29. Land biomes are characterized and named according to the A. secondary consumers in the food webs B. primary consumers in the food webs C. climax vegetation in a region D. pioneer vegetation in a region

C

32. Which biome is characterized by warm temperatures, an abundance of snakes, monkeys, and large cats, and over 80 inches of annual rain fall evenly distributed with no well-defined dry season? A. taiga B. tundra C. tropical rain forest D. temperate deciduous forest

C

33. Which biome has trees that shed their leaves as part of its climax flora? A. A B. B C. C D. D

C

35. The relationship between athlete's foot fungus and humans is known as A. synthesis B. mutualism C. parasitism D. commensalism

C

7 . Which group contains terms that are all directly associated with one of the organisms titlen shown in the diagram below ? A. herbivore , prey , autotroph , host B. predator , scavenger , decomposer , consumer C. carnivore , predator , heterotroph , multicellular D. producer , parasite , fungus , fish

C

8 . Which human activity is most responsible for the other three human activities ? A. increasing demand for food B. increasing loss of farmland C. increasing human population D increasing air pollution

C

34. The wrasse, a small marine fish, periodically cleans harmful parasites from the mouth and body of the moray eel. The moray, in turn, protects the wrasse from larger predators and provides it with a constant supply of food. This is an example of the type of relationship known as A. mutualism B. parasitism C. commensalism D. saprophytism

A

43. one irreversible effect of both deforestation and water pollution on the environment is the A. extinction of species B. thinning of the ozone shield C. depletion of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels D. increase in renewable resources

A

44. The graph below shows the changes in the size of a fish population over a period of time. The dashed line on the graph represents? A. carrying capacity of the environment B. life span of the species C. level at which extinction is reached D. level of maximum biodiversity of the species

A

45. Which organisms constitute a population? A. all the grey squirrels in a certain wooded area B. all the mammals in a certain wooded area C. all the autotrophs in an ecosystem D. all the decomposers in an ecosystem

A

36. Which term includes the other three? A. symbiosis B. mutualism C. parasitism D. commensalism

A.

11. In a certain ecosystem, rattlesnakes are predators of prairie dogs. If the prairie dog population started to increase, how would the ecosystem most likely regain stability? A. The rattlesnake population would start to decrease. B. The rattlesnake population would start to increase. C. The prairie dog population would increase rapidly. D. The prairie dog population would begin to prey on the rattlesnakes.

B

15. Over a long period of time, the stages represented in the diagram below were each present in a particular ecosystem. Stages in an Ecosystem After a forest fire, what is the most likely order in which these stages appeared? A. D -> C-› A -> B B. B - D - C - A C. A -› B -> C -› D D. B - C - D - A

B

17. In an ecosystem, which component is not recycled? A. water B. energy C. oxygen D. carbon

B

22. Pictured here is a nitrogen cycle. The organisms that carry on nearly all of the processes represented by arrows A through F are most likely A. legumes B. bacteria C. herbivores D. scavengers

B

24. Processes involved in the water cycle are represented by letters in the diagram shown. In which group are the processes correctly identified? A. A-deamination; B--transpiration; C- condensation; D--evaporation B. A--transpiration; B--evaporation; C- condensation; D--precipitation C. A--condensation; B--precipitation; C-transpiration; D- -evaporation D. A--transpiration; B--deamination; C condensation; D--precipitation

B

25. The science of ecology is best defined as the study of A. the classification of plants and animals B. the interactions of living organisms and their environment C. technology and its effects on society D. weather and its effects on food production in the ocean

B

26. Respiration and photosynthesis have the least effect on the cycling of A. carbon B. nitrogen C. oxygen D. hydrogen

B

27. The portion of Earth in which all life exists is known as A. the climax stage B. the biosphere C. a population D. a biotic community

B

38. Which practice would most likely deplete a nonrenewable natural resource? A. harvesting trees on a tree farm B. burning coal to generate electricity in a power plant C. restricting water usage during a period of water shortage D. building a dam and a power plant to use water to generate electricity

B

40. One way that humans could have a positive impact on local environments is to A. generate waste products as a result of technological advances B. use resources that are renewable C. increase planting large areas of one crop D. increase the use of pesticides

B

41. A ski resort installed a wind turbine similar to those represented below to supply some of its energy needs. A. renewable and does substantial damage to the atmosphere B. renewable and does minimal damage to the atmosphere C. nonrenewable and does substantial damage to the atmosphere D. nonrenewable and does minimal damage to the atmosphere

B

47. DDT accumulates in the fatty tissues of animals and is transferred along food chains. Its concentration increases along each link of a food chain. Which of the following organisms would accumulate the highest concentration of DDT in a given food chain? A. rabbit (a herbivore) B. corn (a producer) C. field mouse (a primary consumer) D. owl (a predator)

B

9 . What is the limiting the major numbers of environmental factor autotrophs at great depths in the ocean ? A. type of seafloor B. amount of light C. availability of minerals D. absence of biotic factors .

B

1. The diagram below illustrates the relationships between organisms in an ecosystem . Raccoons Ducks Carnivorous Fish Minnows Crayfish Algae and Floating Plants In addition to sunlight , which factor would need to be added to make this a stable ecosystem ? A. predators . B. prey C. decomposers D. herbivores

C

13. The organisms represented as 8888 are found in the area shown due to which factor? A. pH B. sediment C. light intensity D. colder temperature

C

14. Which characteristic of a geographic region would have the greatest influence on the type of ecosystem that forms in that region? A. ratio of autotrophs to heterotrophs B. concentration of atmospheric oxygen C. number of food chains D. climatic conditions

D

23. In the nitrogen cycle, plants use nitrogen compounds to produce A. glucose B. starch C. lipids D. proteins

D

28. Which action by humans has had the most positive ecological impact on the environment? A. use of pesticides to regulate insect populations B. importation of organisms such as the Japanese beetle and the zebra mussel into the United States C. overhunting of many predators to prevent the death of prey animals D. reforestation and covercropping to prevent soil erosion

D

30. Select the biome, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement shown. A low amount of solar energy causes the subsoil to be permanently frozen (permafrost). A. Taiga B. Temperate deciduous forest C.Tropical rain forest D. Tundra E. North American desert

D

39. Deforestation of areas considered to be rich sources of genetic material could limit future agricultural and medical advances due to A. the improved quality of the atmosphere B. the maintenance of dynamic equilibrium C. an increase in the rate of evolutionary change D. the loss of biodiversity

D

4 . The diagram below represents interactions between organisms in a stable ecosystem . mamp binnred bool meds D C B A Which statement correctly describes organisms in this ecosystem ? A. Organisms in level B obtain their energy directly from the Sun. B. Organisms in level C obtain their nutrients directly from organisms in level D. C. Organisms in level A are herbivores . D. Organisms in level D are heterotrophic .

D

46. Which pollutant is produced by the burning of coal and oil and can result in the production of acid rain? A. phosphate B. sulfur dioxide C. lead D. hydrogen chloride

D

48. Endangered peregrine falcons have been bred in captivity and released in areas where pigeons and rodents are abundant. This activity is an example of A. conservation of resources and exploitation B. overhunting and biological control C. species preservation and use of biocides D. species preservation and biological control

D

5 . Which type of model provides the most complete representation of the feeding relationships within a community ? A. a material cycle B. a predator - prey association C. a food chain D. a food web .

D

31. Select the biome, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement shown. Most plants growing in this biome have stems for water storage, extensive root systems for absorbing water, and modified leaves (spines). A. Taiga B. Temperate deciduous forest C. Tropical rain forest D. Tundra E. North American desert

E