Topic 2.1-2.4 psychology

Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons

An all or non-response

The function of dendrites is to

receive information from other neurons

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus

receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an

Antagonist

A polygraph machine is often called a lie detector although it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in

Autonomic arousal

The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures

Axon terminal's

When excitatory neurotransmitter stimulate a single neuron, the neuron

Becomes more likely to produce an action potential

Treating a patient for Parkinson's disease includes administrating a chemical that will lead to increase in the patient's

Dopamine

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia

Dopamine

The result of the evolutionary process that preserves traits that enhance the adaption of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called

Natural selection

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are well

Neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for

Pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron's after it fires is called

Reuptake

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

The absolute refractory phase

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

decrease heart rate

A part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called

dendrite

Which of the following is reduced during a fight or flight reaction

digestion

Which the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with schizophrenia

dopamine

Which of the following is consistent with arousal of the sympathetic nervous system

elevated levels of cortisol

Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?

endocrine

Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body

endocrine system

Pain killing substances produced by the brain are known as

endorphins

The role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is to

establish homeostasis after a fight-or-flight response

A child sex is genetically determined by the

father

Abnormalities and calcium regulation are most likely to arise from problems with

parathyroid gland

Time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as

refractory period

Assume that R represents a dominant gene in rats for normal running and that r represent a recessive gene in rats for an abnormal gait called waltzing. Meeting a female Rr rat with a male RR rat will produce offspring that are

100% runners

Which of the following is classified as an antagonist

A tricyclic antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters.

Which scenario best exemplifies Charles Darwins theory of natural selection

A mutation in a species of lizards that allows them to better blend into their surroundings leads to greater survival and more offspring possessing this mutation in a later generation.

The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease

Acetylcholine

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by

Afferent neurons

Areas that have a large prevalence of malaria such as Africa have a high frequency of children who have sickle cell anemia or are carriers of the trait. What role does the concept of natural selection play in this trend?

Being a carrier of, or having sickle cell anemia is adaptive in this region, because it protects against malaria. Subsequently, children born with sickle cell anemia are less likely to die from malaria.

In the figure above where do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor's have their initial effect

C

Which letter indicates the post synaptic membrane

C

Which letter indicates the synaptic cleft

D

Parkinson's disease is most closely associated with

Decreases in levels of dopamine

The following descriptions accurately represents area two of the graph

Depolarization, in which sodium ions enter the axon

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in

Digesting food

In the figure above where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect

E

The diagram above depicts the human body's

Endocrine system

Part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

Hypothalamus

Which of the following is the best evidence that environment plays a role in intelligence

Identical twins reared together are more similar than identical twins reared apart.

Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise

Increases her level of endorphins

Many common antidepressants ease symptoms of depression by

Inhibiting serotonin reuptake, which makes serotonin more available

The nature nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions

Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?

Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?

It was initiated in the spinal cord.

The brain is NOT involved in initiating action in which of the following situation

Maureen reflexively pulls her hand away from the fire

James was born with a condition that makes it impossible for him to metabolize certain proteins. Due to early screening and a special diet he was able to avoid developing potentially serious symptoms. Which of the following disorders does James have

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of a liver enzyme which, if not treated soon after birth, may eventually lead to profound mental retardation

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Joesph has blue eyes and brown hair and is tall. These characteristics are best described as

Phonetypic traits

It is well established that certain autonomic responses such as heart rate, perspiration, and respiration change under stress. In view of the fact that people generally have stronger autonomic responses when lying than when telling the truth, it follows that the polygraph would be a foolproof approach to lie detection. Which statement best explains why the polygraph is not more widely used in courtrooms and in testing of job applicants?

Physiological arousal is much the same for several emotions, so the polygraph cannot always reliably distinguish guilt from other reactions

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for helping

Riaesha get ready to fight or flee when seeing a bear

The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are

SSRIs

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been most associated with major depressive disorder

Seratonin

The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the

Somatic

Joel's pupils become dilated, his digestion is reduced, and his skin becomes cold. Which system is controlling his bodily changes?

Sympathetic

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the

Sympathetic nervous system

Nervousness can result in faster and more shallow breathing as well as a racing heart rate. This is due to the activation of

Sympathetic nervous system

What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior

Testosterone

Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state

The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside

Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold?

The movement of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential

Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to

absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters

acetylcholine

The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called

action potential

A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as

an agonist because it intensifies the effect of a particular neurotransmitter

Activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system results in

an increase in respiratory rate

The pituitary gland is controlled by

hypothalamus

Which of the following is a parasympathetic nervous system response

increased digestion

Which of chemical is most closely associated with sleep

melatonin

Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system?

multiple sclerosis

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is

myelin sheath

A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. The person's reaction is most directly enabled by

spinal reflex

Which part of the nervous system is most immediately activated by sudden fear

sympathetic

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety

sympathetic nervous system

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron

terminal buttons