topics exam 2
what is the herb ST JOHNS WORT used for
depression
DRI of proteins
10-35%
serum albumin levels
3.5 - 5 g/dL
how man kcal/gram in proteins ?
4
how many kcal/gram in carbs?
4
DRI of carbs
45-65 %
4. A client is receiving a loop diuretic should be encouraged to eat which of the following foods? Select all that apply. a. Angel food cake b. Banana c. Dried fruit d. Orange juice e. Peppers
b. Banana c. Dried fruit d. Orange juice
what should be the glucose level before meals?
70-130 mg/dL
3. Which of the following is the most appropriate diet for a client during the acute phase of myocardial infarction? a. Liquids as desired. b. Small, easily digested meals. c. Three regular meals per day. d. Nothing by mouth.
b. Small, easily digested meals.
how many kcal/gram in fats ?
9
what should be the glucose level at bedtime?
90 to 150 mg/dL
what % of carbs, fats, proteins does a human GI tract absorb during digestion & absorption?
95%
fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
water soluble vitamins
B, C
this lipoprotein, known as good cholesterol, removes cholesterol from body & deliver to liver for excretion
HDLs
this lipoprotein, known as the bad cholesterol, deposits cholesterol on walls of arteries
LDLs
this lipoprotein delivers fat made in liver to cells
VLDLs
2. The nurse asks a client to list the snacks that are allowed on a low-fat, low-sodium, low-cholesterol diet. The nurse realizes that further dietary teaching is necessary when the client lists which of the following foods? a. A glass of buttermilk b. A fish sandwich c. An apple d. A cup of applesauce
a. A glass of buttermilk
7. A client is afraid of receiving vitamin B12 injections because of potential toxic reactions. Which is the nurse's best response to relieve these fears? a. "Vitamin B12 will cause ringing in the ears before a toxic level is reached." b. "Vitamin B12 may cause a very mild rash initially." c. "Vitamin B12 cause mild nausea but nothing toxic." d. "Vitamin B12 is generally free of toxicity because it is water soluble."
d. "Vitamin B12 is generally free of toxicity because it is water soluble."
17. A terminally ill client in hospice care is experiencing nausea and vomiting because of a partial bowel obstruction. To respect the client's wishes for conservative management of the nausea and vomiting, the nurse should recommend the use of: a. a nasogastric (NG) suction tube. b. IV antiemetics. c. osmotic laxatives. d. a clear liquid diet.
d. clear liquid diet
19. An infant is born with spina bifida. This abnormality is most likely caused by maternal: a. alcohol consumption. b. Vitamin B6 deficiency. c. Vitamin A deficiency. d. Folic acid deficiency.
d. folic acid deficiency
functions of fat in body
energy storage, insulation, transportation of proteins in blood, cell membrane structure
how many grams of carbs are needed each day?
130 g
DRI of fats
20-35 %
11. Using a sliding-scale schedule, the nurse is preparing to administer an evening dose of regular insulin to a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which action is most appropriate for the nurse to take to determine the amount of insulin to give? a. Base the dosage on the glucometer reading of the client's glucose level obtained immediately before administering the insulin. b. Base the dosage on the fasting blood glucose level obtained earlier in the day. c. Calculate the amount of TPN fluid the client has received since the last dose of insulin and adjust the dosage accordingly. d. Assess the client's dietary intake for the evening meal and snack and adjust the dosage accordingly.
a. Base the dosage on the glucometer reading of the client's glucose level obtained immediately before administering the insulin.
13. The nurse is teaching the family of a client with dysphagia about decreasing the risk of aspiration while eating. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. a. Maintaining an upright position while eating. b. Restricting the diet to liquids until swallowing improves. c. Introducing foods on the unaffected side of the mouth. d. Keeping distractions to a minimum. e. Cutting food into large pieces of finger food.
a. Maintaining an upright position while eating. c. Introducing foods on the unaffected side of the mouth. d. Keeping distractions to a minimum.
12. Because a client's renal stone was found to be composed of uric acid, a low-purine diet was prescribed. Incorporation of which of the following food items into the home diet would indicate that the client understands the necessary diet modifications? a. Milk, apples, tomatoes, and corn b. Eggs, spinach, dried peas, and gravy c. Salmon, chicken, cavier, and asparagus d. Grapes, corn, cereals, and liver
a. Milk, apples, tomatoes, and corn
6. A client with iron deficiency anemia is refusing to take the prescribed oral iron medication because the medication is causing nausea. The nurse should do which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Suggest that the client use ginger when taking the medication. b. Ask the client what is causing the nausea. c. Tell the client to use stool softeners to minimize constipation. d. Offer to administer the medication by an intramuscular injection. e. Suggest that the client take the iron with orange.
a. Suggest that the client use ginger when taking the medication. b. Ask the client what is causing the nausea. e. Suggest that the client take the iron with orange.
21. Which of the following foods should a client avoid if taking an anticoagulant? Select all that apply. a. Kale b. Smoked fish c. Spinach d. Apples e. Red meats
a. kale c. spinach
8. The client with pneumonia develops mild constipation, and the nurse administers docusate sodium as prescribed. This drug works by: a. softening the stool. b. lubricating the stool. c. increasing stool bulk. d. stimulating peristalsis.
a. softening the stool.
22. Which of the following pancreatic enzymes is responsible for the digestion of protein? a. Trypsin b. Lipase c. Amylase d. Pepsin
a. trypsin
20. A client in cardiac rehabilitation would like to eat the right foods to ensure adequate endurance on the treadmill. Which of the following nutrients is most helpful for promoting endurance during sustained activity? a. Protein b. Carbohydrate c. Fat d. Water
b. carbs
18. The client tells the nurse that he is allergic to shellfish. The nurse should ask the client if he is also allergic to: a. all other seafood. b. iodine skin preparations. c. caffeine. d. alcohol-based skin preparations.
b. iodine
23. Which of the following hormones enhances intestinal absorption of glucose? a. Adrenocorticotropic b. Thyroxine c. Growth hormone d. Testosterone
b. thyroxine
The nurse provides discharge planning instructions to a client recently placed on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following statements made by the client best demonstrates an understanding of the diet? a. "I will call the dietician if I can't remember all the information." b. "I will check the list of foods I can eat." c. "I will read the label on the food product." d. "I will cook without adding salt to the recipe."
c. "I will read the label on the food product."
9. The nurse is preparing to teach a client with a peptic ulcer about the diet that should be followed after discharge. The nurse should explain that the client should eat which of the following? a. Bland foods b. High-protein foods c. Any foods that are tolerated d. A glass of milk with each meal
c. Any foods that are tolerated
16. The client who is receiving chemotherapy is not eating well but otherwise feels healthy. Which meal suggestion would be best for this client? a. Cereal with milk and strawberries. b. Toast, gelatin dessert, and cookies. c. Broiled chicken, green beans, and cottage cheese. d. Steak and french fries.
c. Broiled chicken, green beans, and cottage cheese
10. When planning diet teaching for the client with a colostomy, the nurse should develop a plan that emphasizes which of the following dietary instructions? a. Foods containing roughage should not be eaten. b. Liquids are best limited to prevent diarrhea. c. Clients should experiment to find the diet that is best for them. d. A high-fiber diet will produce a regular passage of stool.
c. Clients should experiment to find the diet that is best for them.
5. Which of the following lipid abnormalities is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease? a. Low concentration of triglycerides b. High levels of high-density lipid (HDL) cholesterol c. High levels of low-density lipid (LDL) d. Low levels of LDL cholesterol
c. High levels of low-density lipid (LDL)
14. Which of the following foods store beta carotene from which the body produces vitamin A? a. White button mushrooms b. Avocados c. Sweet potatoes d. Watermelon
c. sweet potatoes
15. The nurse notices that a client with Parkinson's disease is coughing frequently when eating. Which one of the following interventions should the nurse consider? a. Have the client hyperextend the neck when swallowing. b. Tell the client to place the chin firmly against the chest when eating. c. Thicken all liquids before offering to the client. d. Place the client on a clear liquid diet.
c. thicken all liquids before offering to the client
which nutrients directly enter the lymphatic system from the GI tract during metabolism?
fat soluble vitamins & large lipids
what should be the glucose level two hours after meals?
less than 180 mg/dL
once a gallbladder has been removed, which organ is responsible for releasing bile needed for fat digstion?
liver
how much protein should a nondialysis pt eat compared to a dialysis pt?
nondialysis: 0.6 g/kg dialysis :1.o to 1.4 g/kg
low values of serum albumin (2.8-3.5) indicate what?
protein compromise
what is the herb echinacea used for
shorten the length of colds
"table sugar" is also known as ________
sucrose (glucose + fructose)
what is the herb GINKGO used for?
to improve blood flow
what causes hypoglycemia?
too much insulin, skipping meals, too much exercise without food replacement; occurs most commonly during insulin peak and at night during sleep
what are some foods high in potassium?
tuna, beans, pork, sweet potatoes, peaches, bananas
what is the equation for calculating BMI
weight in pounds x 703 / height in inches (squared)
when is it ideal for a DM patient to exercise?
when glucose level is 100-200 mg/dL, 30-60 mins after meals
