Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the blood
3 parts of curve
- flattened upper portion - steep middle portion - lower portion
Abnormal types of Hb
- Hb Kansas, Hb Seattle: lower affinity than HbA - Hb Rainer: greater affinity than HbA
right shift
- curve goes right - higher oxygen to reach P50 - REPRESENTS LOWER OXYGEN AFFINITY - puts in so much more oxygen to reach P50, hemoglobin wants to to get rid of oxygen - affinity at the lungs
Hemoglobin structure
- has 4 subdivisions - in each subdivision, there are hemegroups
Hemegroups
- has iron ion, which is in the middle - it is the attraction force for oxygen to bind to the Hb
Oxygen is carried in the blood in the form of:
- in chemical combination with hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin (98.6% oxygen) - in solution in plasma (1.5% of blood oxygen)
Carbon dioxide is transported by...
- in the form of bicarbonate ions in the plasma - dissolved in the plasma (7% of blood CO2) - some is carried through erythrocytes
The oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve:
- shows how much oxygen is available, how much will be bonded to the hemoglobin
left shift
-increase happens earlier - P50 is reached at a much lower oxygen - affinity of oxygen is higher - affinity to the hemoglobin and oxygen
Factors affecting oxygen dissociation
1. raised carbon dioxide 2. raised temp 3. diseases---> sickel cell anemia, thalassemia 4. decrease blood pH (increase 2,3 DPG, and environmental factors)
Areolar Air PO2 & PCO2
PO2--->100mmHg PCO2->40mmHg
Oxygenated Blood PO2 & PCO2
PO2--->100mmHg PCO2->40mmHg
Atmospheric Air PO2 & PCO2
PO2--->159mmHg PCO2->0.3mmHg
Systemic Tissue Cells PO2 & PCO2
PO2--->40mmHg PCO2->45mmHg
20.1mLO2///100mL of blood
chemical bound oxygen carrying capacity (how many mL of O2 is in 100mL of blood) BOUND TO Hb
1.34 mL of O2///gHb
chemically bound oxygen carrying capacity (O2 to combine w/Hb)
transporting of blood O2 & CO2 is essential for...
internal respiration to occur
Oxygen is carried ...
physically 1.5% dissolved in blood chemically combined 98.5% with hemoglobin
Carbon dioxide is carried
physically 5-7% dissolved in blood chemically combined to blood proteins as carbamino compounds, or bicarbonate ions
Hemoglobin
protein that carries oxygen
0.3mLO2///100mL blood
the O2 is physically dissolved in the plasma of the blood
what does O2 binding occur in response to?
the high P02 in the lungs