Transtheoretical model (TTM)
To change a behavior using this model you have to..
Assess what Stage person is at Try to move from one stage to another with Processes of Change Focus on Decisional Balance & Self-efficacy
Helping relationship
Seeking and using social support for the healthy behavior change
Contemplation to preparation includes this factor
Self re-evaluation
____________ model was the original stage theory in health promotion
Transtheoretical model
Self liberation
Belief that one can change, making a firm commitment to change
Stage theories
Change occurs as a result of individuals passing through sequential stages that work toward adoption or elimination of health behavior. Interventions should be matched to individual's specific stage of change to maximize likelihood of person moving to next stage
Stage 5: Maintenance
Changed behavior for more than 6 months, now focused on keeping that behavior change Still working to prevent relapse, but less tempted than previous stages
What are the 10 processes of change
1. Consciousness Raising 2. Dramatic Relief 3.Environmental Re-Evaluation 4. Self Re-Evaluation 5. Self Liberation 6. Helping Relationship 7. Counter Conditioning 8. Reinforcement Management 9. Stimulus Control 10. Social Liberation
Pre contemplation to contemplation includes these 4 things..
1. Consciousness raising 2. Environmental re-evaluation 3. Dramatic relief 4. Social liberation
What are the 6 stages of the transtheoretical model
1. Pre contemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action 5. Maintenance 6. Termination
Stage 6: Termination
Completed the process of behavior change No temptation to relapse and 100% confidence A person in this stage acts as if the health risk never existed
Transtheoretical model
Describes phases that people go through and mechanisms that people use when they adopt/modify/eliminate health behaviors
Reinforcement management
Increasing rewards for positive behavior change, decreasing rewards of unhealthy behavior
Dramatic relief
Initially produces increased emotional experiences followed by relief if appropriate action is taken Ex. Personal testimonies, media campaigns
Consciousness raising
Involves increased awareness about causes, consequences, and cures for a particular health behavior
Movement through the stages is more like a spiral, it is not considered ____________
Linear
Movement through the stages is more like a spiral, it is not considered ____________
Linear. Paths can vary you can relapse to previous stage or go through all stages multiple times
What are the weaknesses of the transtheoretical model
Researchers have questioned validity of staging individuals on arbitrarily defined cut off points Puts all responsibility on the individual (victim blaming) Not applicable to all behaviors People can move through the stages in a matter of minutes
Stage 1: Precontemplation
No intention to take action within the next 6 months May be unaware of the problem Uninterested in the problem and consequences of continuing the behavior Tried to make a change but have become demoralized about ability to change
Stage 3: Preparation
People intend to take action in immediate future (within the next 30 days) People get ready to achieve their goals May have taken steps to work toward goal People in this stage create a personal plan of action
Stage 2: Contemplation
Person intends to take action within the next 6 months Person is weighing pros and cons of changing behavior Usually not ready to make a change: behavioral procrastination
Movement through the stages of this model is hypothesized to be caused by ______ ___ ________
Process of change (POC)
Self re-evaluation
Realizing that behavior change is an important part of one's identity as a person Ex. Being a healthy role model
Social liberation
Realizing that social norms are changing in the direction of supporting the healthy behavior change
Stage 4: Action
Recently taken action towards change or made specific modification in their lifestyle (for less than 6 months) Only actions that are known to prevent or reduce risks for health issue mark progress
Decisional balance
Weighing pros and cons
Counter conditioning
When a person substitutes a negative behavior with a positive one
Environmental re-evaluation
When a person thinks about how something they do affects others in their social environment
Preparation to action includes these 3 things..
1. Self liberation 2. Helping relationships 3. Counter conditioning
Stimulus control
Removing cues to engage in unhealthy behavior and adding reminders to engage in the healthy behavior