Trauma Test 1 (Ch.29-32)
Which of the following general statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?
The most important factor for the seriousness of a gunshot wound is the type of tissue through which the projectile passes.
The MOST reliable indicator that significant energy was dissipated by braking before a motor vehicle collision is:
The presence of tire skid marks at the scene.
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely require transport to a Level I trauma center?
Two or more proximal long bone fractures
Which of the following statements regarding rollover motor vehicle crashes is correct?
Unrestrained passengers are struck with each change in direction the car makes.
A full-thickness burn is considered to be critical if it:
occurs in a patient with a significant medical illness.
The onset of ___________ soon after exposure to radiation is a predictor of poor outcomes
vomiting
All of the following statements regarding front air bags are correct, EXCEPT:
Air bags will provide protection from both initial and secondary impacts.
Hematochezia:
. is the passage of stools that contain bright red blood
If you discover minor external bleeding during your primary assessment of a patient, you should:
. make note of it and continue your assessment
The greatest amount of kinetic energy would be created if a ____-pound driver struck a tree while traveling at ____ mph.
140, 50
The MOST significant fall occurs from a height greater than
15 feet.
The MOST significant fall occurs from a height greater than:
15 feet.
According to the rule of nines, an adult man with partial- and full-thickness burns to his head, face, and anterior chest has burns to ____% of his total body surface area.
18
You and your partner are transferring a severely burned patient from a community hospital to a burn specialty center. The patient, a 110-pound woman, has partial- and full-thickness burns that cover approximately 55% of her body. She has two large-bore IV lines in place, is intubated, and is on a cardiac monitor. According to the Parkland formula, how much normal saline should she receive in 30 minutes?
340 ml
You are caring for a 41-year-old man who was trapped in his burning house before being rescued by fire fighters. He has full-thickness burns to his head and anterior trunk, and mixed partial- and full-thickness burns to both anterior upper extremities. What percentage of his total body surface area has been burned?
36%
What is the approximate total blood volume of a 150-pound male?
4.8 L
A healthy adult can tolerate blood loss of up to ____ mL over a period of 15 to 20 minutes without any negative effects.
500
Which of the following locations would provide the BEST protection from a lightning strike?
A car with the windows rolled up
What type of injuries will MOST likely occur if a passenger is wearing his or her lap belt above the pelvic bone during a frontal impact?
Abdominal and lumbar spine
Which of the following factors would have the MOST negative effect on the body's process of hemostasis?
Anticoagulant Use.
Which of the following signs would you MOST likely observe in a patient with compensated shock?
Anxiety or agitation
Which of the following statements regarding prehospital vascular access and fluid therapy in the severely burned patient is correct?
At least one large-bore IV should be started while en route to the hospital
A motorcycle rider struck a parked car and was catapulted over the handlebars of his bike. Your assessment reveals that he is tachypneic, diaphoretic, and tachycardic. There is no gross external bleeding present. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's clinical presentation?
Bilateral femur fractures
When the ambient temperature is high:
Blood vessels in the dermis dilate, which increase blood flow to the skin and allows heat to dissipate.
Which of the following general statements regarding trauma is correct?
Blunt trauma is difficult to diagnose by paramedics in the field and is often more lethal than penetrating trauma.
Which of the following burn injuries would MOST likely require transport to a burn specialty center?
Burns that involve the hands, feet, or genitalia
Which of the following burn injuries or patterns should make you the MOST suspicious for abuse?
Burns with formed shapes.
Which of the following types of medication would MOST likely reduce a patient's ability to compensate when in shock?
Calcium Channel Blockers.
In which of the following patients should the impaled object be removed?
Cardiac arrest patient with an ice pick impaled in the center of the back
External bleeding would be the MOST difficult to control in a patient with a large laceration to the _____________ and a blood pressure of ______ mm Hg.
Carotid Artery, 100/70
Fibrous protein that gives the skin high resistance to breakage under mechanical stress:
Collagen
_________ is a fibrous protein that gives the skin high resistance to breakage under mechanical stress.
Collagen.
Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?
Compartment syndrome is more likely to occur with closed injuries
Which of the following statements regarding crush injury is correct?
Crush syndrome can occur if the body part is entrapped for more than 4 hours.
Which of the following wounds usually requires substantial irrigation and debridement prior to closure?
Degloving injuries.
Which of the following conditions or factors would MOST likely delay or impair healing of a wound?
Diabetes
Which of the following statements regarding sodium metal chemical burns is correct?
Do not flush with water as doing so may produce heat and cause an explosion.
Which of the following statements regarding blood flow is correct
Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood that the heart pumps per contraction
Which of the following bandages is associated with the HIGHEST risk of blood flow compromise?
Elastic bandages
Which of the following interventions encourages drainage from the site of a closed wound and reduces swelling?
Elevation
Which of the following statements regarding exit wounds is correct?
Exit wounds occur when the projectile's energy is not entirely dissipated along its trajectory through the body.
________ radiation is very penetrating and easily passes through the body and solid materials.
Gamma
Confusion, a sustained heart rate greater than 120 beats/min, and a respiratory rate of 32 breaths/min are MOST consistent with class ___ hemorrhage?
III
Which of the following is the LEAST common cause of death from fires?
Integument burns
Which of the following organs or body systems requires a constant blood supply, regardless of external factors?
Kidneys
Which of the following organs is LEAST susceptible to pressure changes caused by an explosion?
Liver.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a properly worn seat belt?
Minimal risk of whiplash injuries after a rear-end collision
Which of the following statements regarding carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is correct?
Never rule out CO poisoning because of the absence of cherry red skin.
Which of the following chemicals causes a painless burn and can result in significant damage before it is identified?
Phenol
What aggregates in a clump and forms much of the foundation of a blood clot during the process of coagulation?
Platelets
Which of the following medications would MOST likely interfere with hemostasis?
Plavix
Which of the following statements regarding primary blast injuries is correct?
Primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.
Which of the following mechanisms of injury poses the LEAST threat for significant injury?
Rear-end collision with restrained driver
Which of the following statements regarding scald burns is correct?
Scald burns often cover large surface areas because liquids spread quickly.
Which of the following substances is produced in the dermis and keeps the skin supple so that it doesn't crack?
Sebum.
Which of the following types of shock is caused by poor blood vessel function?
Septic
Which of the following components is LEAST crucial to the continuous circulation of oxygenated blood throughout the body?
Spleen
Which of the following two factors DIRECTLY affect cardiac output?
Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output.
Which of the following characteristics of an entry wound indicates that the weapon was fired at close range?
Tattoo marks from powder burns
A 4-year-old boy pulled a pot of boiling water off of the stove and experienced partial-thickness splash burns to his neck, anterior trunk, and both anterior arms. During your assessment, you note that the child is conscious but is not crying. He is tachypneic and tachycardic, and his skin is cool and moist. Other than the burns, there are no other gross injuries. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is correct?
The child may be hypoglycemic and requires assessment of his blood glucose level.
Which of the following statements regarding the rule of palms is correct?
The patient's palm, excluding the fingers, represents 1% of his or her total body surface area.
What is "warm ischemic time"?
The period of time that organs and tissues can survive without perfusion, assuming a normal body temperature.
Which of the following injury mechanisms would MOST likely result in blunt trauma?
The pressure wave caused by a blast
The outer zone of an entrance or exit wound caused by a contact electrical burn is:
The red zone of coagulation necrosis
Which of the following statements regarding lacerations is correct?
The seriousness of a laceration depends on its depth and the structures that have been damaged.
Which of the following statements regarding soft-tissue injuries is correct?
They are often the most obvious, but are seldom the most life threatening.
Which of the following patients is at HIGHEST risk for a pressure injury?
a bedridden patient.
Decompensated shock in the adult is characterized by:
a falling blood pressure
In addition to bleeding and contamination, the principal danger associated with an avulsion is:
a loss of blood supply to the avulsed flap.
When summoning an air transport service to transport a critically injured patient, it is MOST important to:
activate the service as soon as possible
A 33-year-old man was burned when the hot water heater he was working on exploded. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face, neck, and arms. Your primary assessment reveals that he is restless and tachypneic. His BP is 80/54 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. You should:
administer high-flow oxygen, keep him warm, start at least one large-bore IV of normal saline, and administer fluid boluses to maintain adequate perfusion.
You have successfully controlled a large arterial hemorrhage from a 42-year-old man's leg with direct pressure and a pressure dressing. He is conscious, but restless. His blood pressure is 84/58 mm Hg, pulse is 120 beats/min, and respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:
administer high-flow oxygen, keep him warm, transport, and establish two large-bore IV lines en route.
When an adult pedestrian is struck by a motor vehicle, lateral and posterior injuries are most common because:
adults tend to turn to the side or away from the impact.
When a patient's leg is entrapped under a crushing object for a prolonged period of time, toxic metabolic waste products are released into the systemic circulation:
after the patient's leg is freed from entrapment
Renal failure, a key complication of crush syndrome, can be prevented by
aggressively infusing normal saline
Renal failure, a key complication of crush syndrome, can be prevented by:
aggressively infusing normal saline.
Your MAIN concern when caring for a patient with a soft-tissue injury to the face should be
airway compromise.
Your MAIN concern when caring for a patient with a soft-tissue injury to the face should be:
airway compromise.
A fall in blood pressure and the resultant changes in plasma osmolality cause the release of
aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
A fall in blood pressure and the resultant changes in plasma osmolality cause the release of:
aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.
Lap belts that are worn alone and too high by a pregnant woman:
allow enough forward flexion and subsequent compression to rupture the uterus.
The subcutaneous tissue is:
also called the superficial fascia and consists mainly of adipose tissue.
The primary determinants of the extent of trauma a patient sustains are the:
amount of energy in the object and the mechanism by which the object is delivered to the body
The MOST common site of deceleration injury in the chest is the:
aorta
A 63-year-old diabetic woman presents with an open wound to her forearm that she experienced when she fell a week ago. She tells you that the wound has been draining purulent fluid, but has not been bleeding. The wound itself is red, inflamed, and warm to the touch. You should:
apply a dry, sterile dressing and transport her to the hospital.
You are treating a 20-year-old man with a large laceration involving the brachial artery. The patient is confused, is pale, and has weak peripheral pulses. Your initial attempts to control the bleeding have failed. You should:
apply a proximal tourniquet, administer high-flow oxygen, transport, and establish vascular access en route.
A young woman attempted to commit suicide by cutting her wrist. Bright red blood is spurting from the injury site. Despite direct pressure and a pressure dressing, the wound continues to bleed heavily. You should:
apply a tourniquet between her elbow and wrist.
A 22-year-old man was struck in the forehead by a softball. He is conscious and alert, but complains of a severe headache. Your assessment reveals a large hematoma to his forehead. His vital signs are stable and his breathing is adequate. You should:
apply an icepack to the hematoma and monitor his level of consciousness.
A 52-year-old man sustained superficial and partial-thickness burns to his left arm approximately 15 minutes ago when he opened the radiator cap on his car. He is conscious, alert, and in severe pain. His BP is 138/76 mm Hg, pulse is 110 beats/min and strong, respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. He denies any other injuries. Initial management for this patient involves:
applying cool, wet dressings to the burn and elevating his arm.
Flash burns:
are usually relatively minor compared with the potential for trauma from whatever caused the flash.
Chemicals such as Lewisite and phosgene oxime:
are vesicant agents that produce cutaneous blisters rapidly.
The two MOST common causes of death from an electrical injury are:
asphyxia and cardiopulmonary arrest.
During your primary assessment of a 21-year-old man with a suspected inhalation injury, you note that he is combative and his respirations are profoundly labored and stridorous. The closest appropriate medical facility is approximately 25 miles by ground, and the local air transport service is unavailable. You should:
assist ventilations with a bag-mask device, start an IV, administer a sedative and a neuromuscular blocker, and intubate his trachea.
Unlike deceleration injuries, crush and compression injuries occur:
at the time of impact.
A 74-year-old man experienced partial- and full-thickness burns to his arms and chest resulting from a fire that started after he fell asleep while smoking his cigar. The patient's son, who arrived at the scene shortly after you, states that his father has congestive heart failure, rheumatoid arthritis, and atrial fibrillation. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, it is MOST important for you to:
auscultate his breath sounds before administering IV fluids.
At a minimum, a Level II trauma center should:
be able to initiate definitive care for all injured patients.
When assessing a burn patient, it is MOST important to:
be alert for occult trauma that could affect patient outcome.
Unlike adults, children who are struck by a motor vehicle are MORE likely to:
be run over by the vehicle as they are propelled to the ground.
Hemoglobin functions by:
binding to oxygen that is absorbed in the lungs and transporting it to the tissues.
Much of the bleeding associated with unsplinted fractures continues because:
bone ends will continue to move and destroy partially formed clots.
When considering analgesia for a burn patient who is in severe pain, you must remember that
burns increase the metabolic rate, which may necessitate higher than normal doses of analgesics.
When considering analgesia for a burn patient who is in severe pain, you must remember that:
burns increase the metabolic rate, which may necessitate higher than normal doses of analgesics.
Specific treatment for a hydrofluoric acid burn is:
calcium chloride.
Relative to the entrance wound caused by an electrical burn, the exit wound:
can be quite extensive and deep.
The application of ice to partial-thickness burns:
can exacerbate tissue injury and should be avoided.
A crushing or tearing amputation:
can result in excessive blood loss due to hemorrhage if the paramedic does not intervene rapidly.
You are dispatched to a residence for a man who cut his hand with a chainsaw. Upon arriving at the scene, your FIRST action should be to:
carefully assess the scene for safety hazards.
When applying a dressing and bandage to a scalp wound, you should:
carefully assess the skull for an underlying fracture.
After a motorcyclist is ejected from his or her motorcycle, secondary collisions:
cause an unpredictable combination of blunt injuries.
A superficial burn is:
characterized by reddened skin with varying degrees of pain.
According to the Waddell triad, the second impact from a motor vehicle occurs when the:
chest and abdomen strike the grille or low on the hood of the car.
When a person falls from a significant height and lands on his or her feet, axial loading results in:
compression or burst fractures to the lumbar spine
The outermost layer of the epidermis:
consists of nonliving cells that are continuously being shed.
If a person survives the initial trauma from a shotgun wound at close range:
contaminants that were driven into the wound can cause a severe infection
A 24-year-old woman was struck by lightning. Bystanders moved the patient to an area of safety but did not provide any other care before your arrival. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is pulseless and apneic. You begin CPR and apply the cardiac monitor, which reveals asystole. After requesting a backup paramedic unit, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient involves:
continuing CPR, protecting her spine while ventilating, reassessing her cardiac rhythm after 2 minutes of CPR, and defibrillating if necessary
Patients suspected of having burns to the upper airway will benefit MOST from:
cool, humidified oxygen.
Primary treatment in the prehospital setting for an abrasion involves:
covering it lightly with a sterile dressing.
The third phase of a motor vehicle accident involves:
deceleration of internal organs.
Most external hemorrhage can be controlled with a combination of:
direct pressure and pressure dressings
Sudden deceleration of a motor vehicle that is traveling at 60 mph:
dissipates tremendous forces and causes major injuries.
When caring for an amputated body part:
early notification of the hospital is important.
Upon initial contact with a severely burned patient, you must:
ensure that the patient is not still burning.
Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome include all of the following, EXCEPT:
erythema.
The majority of victims struck by lightning:
experience confusion and some degree of amnesia.
If intubation of a burn patient becomes necessary, you should avoid cutting the ET tube down to make it shorter because:
facial edema may cause tube dislodgement 2 to 3 days after the burn
The shock wave velocity from an explosion is slower and its duration is longer if a person is:
farther away from the explosion
Systemic signs of infection secondary to a soft-tissue injury include:
fever and chills
Compared to a handgun, a rifle:
fires at a higher velocity.
Phosphorus is found in _____________ and burns when exposed to _____________.
fireworks, air
A patient with hemorrhagic shock would be expected to have:
flattened jugular veins.
The appropriate treatment for MOST chemical burns is:
flushing with copious amounts of water.
When caring for a patient with an open chest wound, you should:
frequently assess breath sounds for indications of a pneumothorax.
Necrosis of tissue caused by an anaerobic, toxin-producing bacterium is called:
gangrene
Following a rotational impact, the MOST severely injured patient(s. will likely be found at the point of:
greatest deceleration.
A specific attribute of a Level I trauma center is that it:
has 24-hour in-house coverage by general surgeons.
If the mechanism of injury does not appear to be significant, you should consider transporting an injured patient to a Level I trauma center if he or she:
has a known bleeding disorder.
Compared to beta radiation particles, alpha radiation particles:
have minimal penetrating energy.
The purpose of estimating a patient's total body surface area burns in the prehospital setting is to:
help the paramedic determine the most appropriate destination hospital.
Elevation of an extremity that has a venous laceration to it:
helps control the bleeding when used in conjunction with direct pressure.
Which of the following is the MOST common cause of necrotizing fasciitis?
hemolytic streptococci
The MOST significant immediate threat to a patient with a soft-tissue injury is:
hemorrhage
After an adult victim is struck by lightning and experiences cardiac arrest:
his or her heart may resume beating spontaneously.
Whether the contamination from an open wound produces infection depends MOSTLY on:
how the wound is managed.
The bite from a ________ poses the greatest risk for serious infection.
human.
The MOST acute complication associated with large body surface area burns is:
hypothermia.
The secondary assessment of a severely burned patient is intended to:
identify other injuries that may have a higher priority for treatment.
You are the first unit to arrive at the scene of a small building collapse. As you exit the ambulance, you can see a man pinned under a large metal beam. You should:
immediately request a special rescue team.
The skin is also referred to as the
integument
The skin is also referred to as the:
integument.
Unlike blunt trauma, penetrating trauma:
involves a disruption of the skin and underlying tissues in a small, focused area.
After controlling the bleeding from a grossly contaminated open wound to the leg, you should next:
irrigate with sterile water and apply a sterile dressing
Nasotracheal intubation of a patient with upper airway burns:
is a complicated procedure and should be avoided.
Compared to the bleeding from an open wound, bleeding from a closed wound:
is limited because the skin is unbroken.
Venous bleeding:
is more likely to clot spontaneously than arterial bleeding.
Applying direct pressure to a bleeding wound stops the flow of blood because:
it allows platelets to seal the vascular walls.
A wound is at HIGHEST risk for infection if:
it is caused by a human or animal bite
If you suspect internal bleeding during the primary assessment, you should
keep the patient warm and administer oxygen
If you suspect internal bleeding during the primary assessment, you should:
keep the patient warm and administer oxygen
The initial point of bodily impact when an unrestrained passenger takes the "down and under" pathway during a frontal collision is the:
knees.
The swelling that occurs in conjunction with a contusion is caused by:
leakage of fluid into spaces between the cells.
The peak magnitude of the pressure wave experienced by a person:
lessens as the person is farther away from the center of the explosion.
When applying a tourniquet to control major external hemorrhage from an extremity injury, you should:
maintain direct pressure to the wound until the tourniquet has been fully applied.
A trauma patient with hypotension secondary to internal hemorrhage should receive IV fluid boluses in order to:
maintain the systolic blood pressure in a low normal range.
When managing a patient who is entrapped by a crushing object, it is MOST important to:
make every effort to treat the patient before removing the crushing object.
The "platinum 10 minutes" refers to the:
maximum time spent at a scene for a trauma patient.
Unlike chemical burns, radiation burns:
may appear hours or days after exposure.
Full-thickness circumferential burns to the chest:
may cause significant restriction of respiratory excursion.
A person who is exposed to cement:
may not notice a skin burn for hours because cement penetrates through clothing and reacts with sweat
Cardiac arrest following an electrical shock:
may occur secondarily from hypoxia or as a direct result of the shock.
Which of the following will be of MOST benefit in helping the paramedic predict the type of injuries that a patient experienced?
mechanism of injury
A patient with full-thickness burns surrounded by areas of superficial and partial-thickness burns should be treated with all of the following, EXCEPT:
moist dressings.
You should splint an open soft-tissue injury to an extremity because
motion of the extremity may disrupt the blood-clotting process.
In contrast to a patient with compensated shock, a patient with decompensated shock would be expected to present with:
mottled skin and dilated pupils.
During the neovascularization phase of the wound healing process:
new blood vessels form as the body attempts to bring oxygen and nutrients to the injured tissue.
A properly worn motorcycle helmet will:
not protect the cervical spine.
Many of the physiologic changes caused by acute radiation syndrome:
occur over time and will not be apparent in the prehospital setting
Damage to the kidneys following an electrical injury:
occurs when damaged muscle produces myoglobin.
Victims standing near an object that is struck by lightning:
often have burns characterized by a feathering pattern.
The second impact that occurs when an adult pedestrian is struck by a motor vehicle would MOST likely result in injuries to the:
pelvis and chest
Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called:
perfusion.
Knowledge of kinetics can help the paramedic:
predict injury patterns found in a patient.
The amount of blood returned to the heart is called:
preload.
Afterload is defined as the:
pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump.
Agents such as Celox, HemCon, and QuikClot are used to:
promote hemostasis.
Structural protection afforded to a motorcycle rider during a crash comes from:
protective gear worn by the rider.
All of the following are functions of the skin, EXCEPT:
providing the immune response for the body.
Patients with internal hemorrhage will benefit MOST from
rapid transport
Patients with internal hemorrhage will benefit MOST from:
rapid transport.
You have dressed and bandaged a laceration to the arm of a 16-year-old woman and are transporting her to the hospital. En route, the patient complains that her fingers are tingling. You touch her hand and note that it is cool. You should:
readjust the bandage if needed and reassess distal neurovascular function
Most lightning-related injuries occur when the victim:
receives a "splash" effect after lightning strikes a nearby object.
You are transporting a conscious but confused 29-year-old man after he was electrocuted. The patient is on high-flow oxygen, has an IV line of normal saline in place, is on a cardiac monitor, and has his spine fully immobilized. During transport, it is especially important for you to:
remain alert for lethal cardiac dysrhythmias and be prepared to defibrillate.
You respond to an industrial plant for a 42-year-old man with a chemical burn. Upon arrival at the scene, you find the patient to be ambulatory. He tells you that he was moving some bags of dry lime when one of the bags broke and spilled lime all over him. After donning the appropriate personal protective equipment, you should:
remove his clothing, brush as much of the lime off of him as possible, and flush the affected areas with copious amounts of water.
A patient with nerve compromise following an open injury to the hand:
requires prompt transport to the hospital
When muscles are crushed beyond repair, tissue necrosis develops and causes the release of harmful products. This process is called:
rhabdomyolysis.
Which of the following injuries or mechanisms would MOST likely lead to nonhemorrhagic shock?
severe burns
During abrupt deceleration:
shearing or rupturing of internal organs can occur.
While hiking, a 24-year-old woman was pinned from the waist down under a rock that collapsed on her. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she can't feel her legs. She further tells you that she thinks she has been pinned for about 5 hours. She is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, you should:
start two large-bore IV lines of normal saline, apply a cardiac monitor, and contact medical control before removing the rock from her legs
Immediate care for a burn patient involves:
stopping the burning process.
A 41-year-old man was assaulted during a robbery attempt. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is semiconscious. He has massive soft-tissue trauma to the face, inadequate breathing, and oropharyngeal bleeding. You should:
suction the blood from his mouth and assist ventilations with a bag-mask device.
During the process of wound healing, hemostasis:
temporarily stops bleeding via vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation.
A 30-year-old man presents with jaw and neck stiffness and fever. During your assessment, he tells you that he cut his hand on a piece of metal about a week ago. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has:
tetanus.
An infection characterized by painful muscle contractions is called:
tetanus.
When a patient takes the "up and over" pathway during a head-on collision:
the anterior part of the neck may strike the steering wheel, resulting in a fractured larynx.
An organ or tissue that is considerably colder than 98.6°F is better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion because
the body's metabolic rate is slower
An organ or tissue that is considerably colder than 98.6°F is better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion because:
the body's metabolic rate is slower.
Perfusion is defined as:
the circulation of blood through an organ or tissue in amounts adequate to meet the body's demands.
If the windshield of a wrecked vehicle is cracked or broken:
the front seat occupant has a cervical spine injury until proven otherwise.
Supraglottic damage following a burn is MOST often caused by:
the inhalation of superheated gases.
The progression of a chemical burn is MOSTLY dependent on:
the length of time the corrosive chemical remains on the skin.
During an explosion, secondary blast injuries occur when:
the patient is struck by flying debris, such as shrapnel.
During a frontal collision, MOST pneumothoraces occur when
the patient takes a deep breath just before impact and the lungs rapidly decompress at the time of impact.
During a frontal collision, MOST pneumothoraces occur when:
the patient takes a deep breath just before impact and the lungs rapidly decompress at the time of impact.
The MOST significant factor that determines how well the body compensates for blood loss is:
the period of time over which the blood is lost
The forces applied to the driver during a frontal vehicle collision will differ based on all of the following factors, EXCEPT:
the physical size of the patient.
The severity of hyperextension injuries to the neck following a rear-end collision depends MOSTLY on:
the position of the headrest.
.The MOST reliable indicator that significant energy was dissipated by braking before a motor vehicle collision is:
the presence of tire skid marks at the scene.
The skin helps regulate body temperature through:
the production of sweat, which is evaporated from the surface of the skin
The severity of a thermal burn correlates directly with:
the temperature of the heat source, the amount of heat energy possessed by the object or substance, and the duration of exposure.
The use of wet dressings in the field is limited because
they provide a medium for pathogens to grow
Penetrating trauma occurs when:
tissues are penetrated by single or multiple objects.
While standing by at the scene of a structural fire, it is MOST important to remember that:
toxic gases are often present, even after the fire is out.
During a lateral impact collision:
trauma to the upper extremities depends on the spatial orientation of the arms upon impact.
The acute physiologic and structural change that occurs in a patient's body when an external source of energy dissipates faster than the body's ability to sustain and dissipate it is called:
trauma.
Physical injury to the skin:
triggers mast cells to degranulate and synthesize special chemical mediators, which causes the injured area to become warm and red.
Compared to stab wounds to the posterior part of the body, stab wounds to the anterior part of the body are generally:
upward
A trauma patient with suspected internal hemorrhage and inadequate breathing requires:
ventilation assistance and rapid transport.
All of the following are common early signs or symptoms of nontraumatic internal hemorrhage in older patients, EXCEPT:
vomiting
The onset of ___________ soon after exposure to radiation is a predictor of poor outcomes.
vomiting
The degree of absorption of a corrosive chemical determines
whether toxicity is local or systemic.
The degree of absorption of a corrosive chemical determines:
whether toxicity is local or systemic.
The cardiac cycle begins with the onset of myocardial contraction and ends:
with the beginning of the next contraction.
The FIRST aspect to address in any patient with a soft-tissue injury is:
your safety.
