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What is a Venn Diagram ?

A Venn diagram is composed of two circle that intersect. It is perfect for compare/contrast writing as the comparisons can be written inside the circle while the contrast can be written outside the circle.

Employee-

A person who is employed by the organization, or by a contractor to the organization when that person is under the day-to-day control of the organization or The term "employee" means an employee of an employer who is employed in a business of his employer which affects commerce.

American National Standards Institute( ANSI):

A privately funded, voluntary membership organization that develops consensus standards for a wide variety of devices and procedures.

Safety Inspections-

An organized examination of equipment, people and facilities for the purpose of identifying and controlling hazards.

Accident -- Safety Profession/Textbook Definition

An unplanned, unwanted, but controllable event which disrupts the work process and causes injury to people.

What Should Be In The "Investigation Kit"

Camera equipment First aid kit Tape recorder Gloves Tape measure Large envelopes High visibility tape Report forms Scissors Graph paper Scotch tape Sample containers with labels Personal protective equipment Items specific to your worksite

Proximate Cause-

In the law, a proximate cause is an event sufficiently related to a legally recognizable injury to be held to be the cause of that injury.

Who Performs Safety Inspections?

Internal Safety Investigations are conducted by: Safety Practitioner, Management / Supervisors Line Employees (this is good way to get employee involvement) Combination

What is the Fishbone Diagram ?

Is one way to capture the different ideas and stimulate the team's brainstorming on root causes is the cause and effect diagram, commonly called a fishbone. The fishbone will help to visually display the many potential causes for a specific problem or effect. It is particularly useful in a group setting and for situations in which little quantitative data is available for analysis.

Near-Hit / Near-Miss-

OSHA strongly encourages employers to investigate all incidents in which a worker was hurt, as well as close calls (sometimes called "near misses"), in which a worker might have been hurt if the circumstances had been slightly different.

Root Cause-

RC Definition: A root cause is an initiating cause of a causal chain which leads to an outcome or effect of interest Commonly root cause is used to describe the depth in the causal chain where an intervention could reasonably be implemented to change performance and prevent an undesirable outcome.

Root Cause Analysis-

RCA Definition: is a process or procedure that helps guide people to discover and understand the initiating causes of a problem, with the goal of determining missing or inadequately applied controls that will prevent recurrence.

What is the role of an Organizational Chart ?

Shall include the top tier chain of Command individuals who are the Responsible Party Representatives. The Chart is specifically for the purpose of outlining the required directors, managers, and safety personnel for handling an incident. Unified Command (UC)-is how a organization is structure brings together the "Incident Commanders" within the organization, who involved in the incident in order to coordinate an effective response while at the same time carrying out their own designated organizational responsibilities.

American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE):

The United States' oldest occupational health and safety organization representing safety professionals; provides ongoing education and information about regulatory matters.

Causal Factor-

Typically, a causal factor is defined as any issue or element associated with the incident that, if corrected, could have prevented the incident from occurring or would have significantly mitigated its consequences. It could also be a barrier or safeguard that was either not in place or was in place, but was ineffective at preventing the incident.

What are 8 different Types of Inspections

a ). Pre-Operational b ). Continuous c ). Line Supervisors d ). Safety Practitioner Walk-Around e ). Interval or Periodic f ). Scheduled g ). Unscheduled h ). Compliance

Incident Investigation-

are often conducted by a supervisor, that focus on identifying and correcting root causes, not on finding fault or blame, but these investigations should include also managers and employees working together, since each bring different knowledge, understanding and perspectives to the over-all investigation

System Failures-

are the end result of accidents, which occur from a series of events at different layers of an organization such as inadequate training, lack of supervision and poor communication. " Swiss Cheese holes line-up "

Department of Labor (DOL)-

is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government responsible for occupational safety, wage and hour standards, unemployment insurance benefits, reemployment services, and some economic statistics; many U.S. states also have such departments. The department is headed by the U.S. Secretary of Labor.

Safety Management-

the managers at every level of an organization or a company, who need to instill the very importance of safety management and then create a culture within their workforce that embrace workplace safety.

Continuity of Operations (COOP)-

to function in the event of a natural or man-made disaster ; no loss can be allowed to interrupt the organization operation

What is First Aid ?

( 1 ). The immediate care given to a person who is injured or who suddenly becomes ill. It can range from disinfecting a cut and applying a bandage to helping someone who is choking or having a heart attack. ( 2 ). Using nonprescription medication at nonprescription strength, to Tetanus immunizations to Cleaning, flushing, or soaking surface wounds, to Wound coverings, butterfly bandages, Steri-Strips Hot or cold therapy, Drilling of fingernail or toenail, draining fluid from blister, Eye patches, Removing foreign bodies from eye using irrigation or cotton swab. Removing splinters or foreign material from areas other than the eye by irrigation, tweezers, cotton swabs or other simple means. Finger guards Massages Drinking fluids for relief of heat stress. Non-rigid means of support. Temporary immobilization device used to transport accident victims.

( a ) Log of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (OSHA300): ( b ) Injury or illness

( a ). Used by employers to record and classify work-related injuries and illnesses and note the severity. Employers must record information about every work-related death and about every work-related injury or illness that involves loss of consciousness, restricted work activity or job transfer, days away from work or medical treatment beyond first aid. $ 1904.29 - Forms.. ( b ). An injury or illness is an abnormal condition or disorder. Injuries include cases such as, but not limited to, a cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation. Illnesses include both acute and chronic illnesses, such as, but not limited to, a skin disease, respiratory disorder, or poisoning. (Note: Injuries and illnesses are recordable only if they are new, work-related cases that meet one or more of the Part 1904 recording criteria.)

What are Workplace Inspections-

- A regular and careful check of a workplace or part of a workplace in order to identify health and safety hazards and to recommend corrective action. Workplace factors that have the potential to cause injury or illness to employees include: equipment, materials, processes or work activities, and the environment

Safety Function-

...Safety function of management is a -direct supervision or a line function

# 1. Safe - General Public Definition

...WEBSTER 1). Free from harm or risk Secure from the threat of danger

# 4. Safety -- General Public Definition

...WEBSTER 1). The condition of being safe from undergoing or causing hurt, injury or loss or 2. ( a ).The state of being safe; freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury, danger, or hurting that would result in loss.

Accident -- General Public Definition-

...WEBSTER An unforeseen and unplanned event; or An unexpected happening causing loss or injury

# 2. Safe -- Safety Profession/Textbook Definition

..1). TEXT A condition of relative freedom from danger. .

Loss of Consciousness

29 CFR 1904.7(b)(6) - All work-related cases involving loss of consciousness must be recorded !

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA):

A voluntary membership organization whose aim is to promote and improve fire prevention and protection; publishes 16 national fire codes.

Safety Professionals / Practitioners-

( A ). Safety Professionals are people engaged in the prevention of accidents, incidents, and events that harm people, property, or the environment. They tend to also focus on behavioral modifications. ( B ). A Safety Practitioner- is Necessary in more serious cases. Supervisor may not have necessary authority; so seek assistance from local supervisor or certified Investigator a.k.a. Safety Practitioners do have authority to go as far as is necessary to get to the cause of the problem.

Workers-

( a ). The employees who work through employment agencies are generally called "temporary," "leased," or "supplied" workers (referred to as temporary workers). These employees are supplied by a "temporary," "leasing," or "supplying" employment agency who is their employer. ( b ).While the extent of responsibility under the law of staffing agencies and host employers is dependent on the specific facts of each case, staffing agencies and host employers are jointly responsible for maintaining a safe work environment for temporary workers - including, for example, ensuring that OSHA's training, hazard communication, and recordkeeping requirements are fulfilled.

# 3. Safety -- Safety Profession/Textbook Definition

..1). TEXT The control of recognized hazards to obtain an acceptable level of risk.

Executive Support-

1). Communicate performance standards and Expectations 2). Have Primary responsibility for the program 3). Monitor program effectiveness 4). Provide motivation 5). Set objectives and policy 6). Support safety personnel 7). Delegate tasks - Assign responsibility

When Are Inspections Conducted?

1). Daily - examples a). Forklift b). Crane c). Equipment 2). Other periodic a). As required by a regulation or consensus standard, manufacturer, or company Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

What is Medical Treatment ?

1)a. The treatment reasonably required to cure or relieve the effects of a work-related injury or illness; also known as medical care. 29CFR1904.7(b)(5) 2)b. Medical treatment is the management and care of a patient to combat disease or disorder. * It does not include: Visits to a PLHCP solely for observation or counseling Diagnostic procedures and Not First aid

Management Commitment

1. Management commitment provides the motivating force and resources for organizing and controlling activities within an organization and by stating clearly a worksite safety and health policy: • Establish and communicate a clear goal and objective for the safety and health program • Provide visible top management involvement in implementing the program • Provide adequate authority and resources to responsible parties • Hold managers, supervisors, and employees accountable for meeting their responsibilities • Review program operations at least annually, to evaluate, identify deficiencies, and revise, as needed

Supervisors-

29CFR 1960.9- Employees who exercise supervisory functions shall, to the extent of their authority, furnish employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

Job Hazard Analysis (JHA/JSA)-

A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment. Ideally, after you identify uncontrolled hazards, you will take steps to eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable risk level.

What is worksite analysis ?

A worksite analysis means that managers and employees analyze all worksite conditions to identify and eliminate existing or potential hazards. There should be a comprehensive, baseline survey, with a system in place for periodic updates.

The Nature of an Injury

All employers, including those partially exempted by reason of company size or industry classification, must report to OSHA any workplace incident that results in a fatality, in-patient hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye (see §1904.39).

What are the Four Major Elements of a Safety Program?

An effective occupational safety and health program will include the following four main elements: 1). management commitment and employee involvement, 2). worksite analysis, 3). hazard prevention and control, and 4). safety and health training.

What is an ESH Audit ?

An organized examination of equipment, people, facilities, practices, policies and records for the purpose of identifying regulatory compliance and program deficiencies

Hazard-

An unsafe condition or activity that, if left unattended, can contribute to an accident or it's a condition, set of circumstances, or inherent property that can cause injury, illness or death.

Unsafe Conditions-

An unsatisfactory physical condition existing in the workplace environment immediately prior to an accident event which is significant in initiating the event. A hazard such as a slippery floor, broken glass, unguarded machine, trailing cable, low lighting levels etc.

Incident-- Safety Profession Definition

An unwanted event which, in different circumstances, could have resulted in harm to people, damage to property or loss to a process. Also known as a near miss.

Hazard Prevention

Continually review the work environment and work practices to control or prevent workplace hazards. Some ways to prevent and control hazards are: ◾Regularly and thoroughly maintain equipment ◾Ensure that hazard correction procedures are in place ◾Ensure that everyone knows how to use and maintain personal protective equipment ◾Make sure that everyone understands and follows safe work procedures ◾Ensure that, when needed, there is a medical program tailored to your facility to help prevent workplace hazards and exposures

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's revised recordkeeping rule includes two key changes:

FRIST, the rule updates the list of industries that are exempt from the requirement to routinely keep OSHA injury and illness records, due to relatively low occupational injury and illness rates. The new list of industries that are exempt from routinely keeping OSHA injury and illness records is based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and injury and illness data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from 2007, 2008, and 2009. Note: The new rule retains the exemption for any employer with ten or fewer employees, regardless of their industry classification, from the requirement to routinely keep records. SECOND,the rule expands the list of severe work-related injuries that all covered employers must report to OSHA. The revised rule retains the current requirement to report all work-related fatalities within 8 hours and adds the requirement to report all work-related in-patient hospitalizations, amputations and loss of an eye within 24 hours to OSHA.

Heinrich Triangle-

Is a safety triangle pyramid diagram of excellent fundamentals that modify behaviors and actions, we can limit the base of improper activities that lead to 98 percent of the injuries in Heinrich's model. This theory became known as Heinrich's Law: that in a workplace, for every accident that causes a major injury, there are 29 accidents that cause minor injuries and 300 accidents that cause no injuries. Because many accidents share common root causes, addressing more commonplace accidents that cause no injuries can prevent accidents that cause injuries.

At-Risk Behavior / Unsafe Act-

Is classified as an element of unsatisfactory behavior immediately prior to an accident event which is significant in initiating the event or a result of a hazard by risk taking, short cuts, carelessness, lack of attention, horseplay etc.

Employee Involvement

Is when it provides the means through which workers develop and express their own commitment to safety and health, for both themselves and their fellow workers all through management and commitment. Employees who are encouraged to offer their ideas and whose contributions are taken seriously are more satisfied and productive on the job.

What's so important about recordkeeping?

Recordkeeping is a critical part of an employer's safety and health efforts for several reasons: I). Keeping track of work-related injuries and illnesses can help you prevent them in the future. II). Using injury and illness data helps identify problem areas. The more you know, the better you can identify and correct hazardous workplace conditions. III). You can better administer company safety and health programs with accurate records.

American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA):

Represents industrial hygiene specialists responsible for sampling and analyzing worker exposures to physical, chemical, biological and radiological hazards; provides ongoing training.

What does the Staff Authority do ?

Staff authority is the right to advise or counsel those with line authority. For example, human resource department employees help other departments by selecting and developing a qualified workforce. A quality control manager aids a production manager by determining the acceptable quality level of products or services at a manufacturing company, initiating quality programs, and carrying out safety statistical analysis to ensure compliance with quality standards. Therefore, staff authority gives staff personnel the right to offer advice in an effort to improve line operations.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)-

The Bureau of Labor Statistics is a unit of the United States Department of Labor. It is the principal fact-finding agency for the U.S. government in the broad field of labor economics and statistics and serves as a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System. The BLS is a governmental statistical agency that collects, processes, analyzes, and disseminates essential statistical data to the American public, the U.S. Congress, other Federal agencies, State and local governments, business, and labor representatives. The BLS also serves as a statistical resource to the Department of Labor, and conducts research into how much families need to earn to be able to enjoy a decent standard of living

Safety communication:

The collective means by which safety information is disseminated to employees, including the classroom, departmental safety meetings and written communications such as posters, newsletters and postings of regulatory agency inspection findings.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH):

The federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related disease and injury. NIOSH is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Occupational Safety-

The maintenance of a work environment that is relatively free from actual or potential hazards that can injure employees.

What is a Line-of-Authority ?

The official job title who sanctioned ability to issue orders to subordinate employees within an organization. For example, production and sales managers that have been empowered with line authority typically also have the responsibility of achieving their company's business goals with the greatest possible efficiency.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

The purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as part of the Department of Labor is to "save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of America's workers" (www.osha.gov). Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): An agency of the Department of Labor with the mission to save lives, prevent injuries and protect the health of America's workers. This federal agency establishes partnerships and encourages constant improvement in the areas of workplace health and safety with outreach programs and continuing education and training. An OSHA endeavor called Making the Business Case for Safety and Health.

Hierarchy of (Hazard) Controls-

is a system used in industry to minimize or eliminate exposure to hazards. It is a widely accepted system promoted by numerous safety organizations. This concept is taught to managers in industry, to be promoted as standard practice in the workplace. Various illustrations are used to depict this system, most commonly a triangle. The hazard controls in the hierarchy are, in order of decreasing effectiveness: • Elimination • Substitution • Engineering • Administration • Personal protective equipment

Management-

is leadership dictated by policy statements that clearly regard the companies position and enforcement on safety, health, and environmental workplace matters. Managers designated duties are to: Communicate performance standards and Expectations, Provide Resources, Conduct Inspection, Lead Investigation & Correct hazards