Tx Politics and Society-Chapter 8-SmartBook
At the time of the founding of the nation, journalists were called ______. Multiple choice question. scribes "the media" the "print media" "newsmongers"
"newsmongers"
Soft news's purpose is to ______. Multiple choice question. inform entertain enlighten educate
entertain
Pandora, Spotify, and Netflix are examples of ______. Multiple choice question. citizen journalism streaming services echo chambers podcasts
streaming services
Click and drag on elements in order Place the process of conducting a focus group into the appropriate order.
-Identify the population -Sample the population in small, random doses -Develop an instrument -Talk with a moderator -Determine the type of analysis
Match the type of polling error with the appropriate description. Sampling error Total verses actual sample size Response Rate
-sampling error------->the possibility for under representative responses -total versus actual sample size------->the possibility for respondents to answer some not all questions -response rate------->the possibility for a large percentage of nonresponses
In its 2020 polling, the UT/Tribune survey determined what about Texans' approval of the U.S. Supreme Court? Multiple choice question. As compared to Republicans, Democrats have a much higher rate of approval. As compared to Democrats, Republicans have a much higher rate of approval. Neither party shows strong approval. Both parties show strong approval.
As compared to Republicans, Democrats have a much higher rate of approval.
n its 2020 polling, the UT/Tribune survey determined what about Texans' approval of the U.S. Supreme Court? Multiple choice question. As compared to Republicans, Democrats have a much higher rate of approval. As compared to Democrats, Republicans have a much higher rate of approval. Neither party shows strong approval. Both parties show strong approval.
As compared to Republicans, Democrats have a much higher rate of approval.
Though over 10 billion tweets go out on Twitter every day, what did researchers at Carnegie Mellon University discover about people's opinions of many of those tweets? Multiple choice question. Barely more than one-third of the tweets reflected information worth reading. More than two-thirds of the tweets were likely posted by bots. More than half of the tweets were simply retweets and offered no real news. More than half the tweets were from unreliable sources.
Barely more than one-third of the tweets reflected information worth reading.
Though over 10 billion tweets go out on Twitter every day, what did researchers at Carnegie Mellon University discover about people's opinions of many of those tweets? Multiple choice question. More than half of the tweets were simply retweets and offered no real news. More than half the tweets were from unreliable sources. Barely more than one-third of the tweets reflected information worth reading. More than two-thirds of the tweets were likely posted by bots.
Barely more than one-third of the tweets reflected information worth reading.
True or false: The use of attack ads is decreasing because they often backfire and harm the sponsoring candidate rather than the intended target. True False
False
______________ is the media's attempts to focus attention on certain events and place them in context for meaning.
Framing
Mass media filter down all of what is happening in a given community into a specific set of news that is then transmitted to an audience. This is called ______. Multiple choice question. framing gatekeeping priming agenda setting
Gatekeeping
Which of the following statements about socialization are true? Multiple select question. Generational effects influence the attitudes and opinions of the peer group as agents of socialization. The family is generally the strongest and most persistent agent of socialization. Socialization is a process that does not happen for everyone. The process of socialization begins the moment one is born.
Generational effects influence the attitudes and opinions of the peer group as agents of socialization. The family is generally the strongest and most persistent agent of socialization. The process of socialization begins the moment one is born.
What is the most widely circulated newspaper in Texas today? Multiple choice question. Houston Chronicle Dallas Morning News Telegraph and Texas Register Galveston News
Houston Chronicle
_______________ media is a means of communication that reaches many individuals.
Mass
The most popular podcasts reflect content hosted by ______. Multiple choice question. talk radio hosts extremist groups national news networks National Public Radio
National Public Radio
Which of the following contributed to changes in polling in the 1970s? Multiple select question. Polling became more scientifically rigorous. The cost of telephoning increased drastically. Politicians began taking polling more seriously. The relative complexity of political issues in the United States increased.
Politicians began taking polling more seriously. The relative complexity of political issues in the United States increased.
In 1948, Texas's first television station began operating and broadcast a speech by whom? Multiple choice question. General Douglas MacArthur Texas governor Beauford Jester President Harry Truman U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice Fred Vinson
President Harry Truman
In 1948, Texas's first television station began operating and broadcast a speech by whom? Multiple choice question. U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice Fred Vinson President Harry Truman General Douglas MacArthur Texas governor Beauford Jester
President Harry Truman
_____ provides a specific context and background through which audiences engage with a particular topic or story and repeats it over time. Multiple choice question. Agenda setting Framing Reason: Incorrect. Framing is how a story is told. Gatekeeping Priming
Priming
Push polls are considered outright illegitimate for which of the following reasons? Multiple select question. They use only by-mail survey methods. Scientific sampling is not used. They attack opposing candidates and ideas.
Scientific sampling is not used. They attack opposing candidates and ideas.
_____ factors include things like income, education, race, and ethnicity; they can affect voter turnout. Multiple choice question. Partisan Societal Genetic Socioeconomic
Socioeconomic
In what language was Texas's first newspaper published? Multiple choice question. English Spanish French
Spanish
_____ are perhaps the greatest threat to traditional media's longevity. Multiple choice question. Podcasts Streaming services Facebook and YouTube
Streaming services
In its 2020 polling, the UT/Tribune survey determined what about support for Republican Governor Abbot? Multiple choice question. He had almost no support from either party. Texas Republicans supported him overwhelmingly. He had strong support among both parties. Texas Democrats supported him overwhelmingly.
Texas Republicans supported him overwhelmingly.
In which of the following ways have social media proven to be disruptive to the traditional forms of media? Multiple select question. They have made people part of the news as it happens. They expose many to news outside of mainstream sources. They have resulted in the CNN effect. They allow citizens to shape the news agenda.
They have made people part of the news as it happens. They expose many to news outside of mainstream sources. They allow citizens to shape the news agenda.
Citizens' use of social media to obtain information is both detrimental and beneficial to democracy. True False
True
What role did Twitter play in the 2016 Dallas Black Lives Matter protest march shootings? Multiple choice question. Tweets helped Dallas Metro Police capture the shooter. The shooter used tweets to identify victims. The Dallas Metro Police used Twitter to communicate with each other. Tweets helped prove that a suspected shooter was actually innocent.
Tweets helped prove that a suspected shooter was actually innocent.
Texas gubernatorial candidate Wendy Davis received a big boost in popularity after her senatorial filibuster speech went viral on ______. Multiple choice question. Facebook Twitter Periscope YouTube
What are the top three most popular social media sites in the United States? Multiple select question. Snapchat Linkedin Twitter YouTube Facebook
Twitter YouTube Facebook
According to Harold Lasswell's model, what questions should we ask in order to better understand "the media"? Multiple select question. What is the method? Who is providing the financial resources? Who is the audience? What is the motivation? What is the message? Who is the sender?
What is the method? Who is the audience? What is the message? Who is the sender?
Citizen journalism is especially problematic on _____ because people generally ignore the site's guidelines about attribution. Multiple choice question. YouTube Twitter Facebook Periscope
YouTube
One manner of free exposure for political campaigns is ______. Multiple choice question. a newspaper endorsement billboard advertising television infomercials direct mail campaign
a newspaper endorsement
A fundamental function of the media is to decide what is news. This is called ______. Multiple choice question. resonance agenda setting framing priming
agenda setting
The power of the media to bring issues and problems to the public's attention is called ____________ ___________.
agenda setting
What category of public opinion is "the simple sum of many individual opinions"? Multiple choice question. fiction majoritarian interest group conflict aggregation media/elite opinion
aggregation
Which of the following would be classified as "hard news"? Multiple select question. an investigative report on wasteful spending by the Department of Defense an interview with a longtime volunteer at a local animal shelter coverage of a U.S. Senate election a "gotcha" story about a local official's extravagant home an interview with the head of a foreign nation
an investigative report on wasteful spending by the Department of Defense coverage of a U.S. Senate election an interview with the head of a foreign nation
As of 2018, approximately what percentage of Americans rely upon television broadcasts for their news? Multiple choice question. approximately 40 percent less than 10 percent more than 75 percent less than 30 percent
approximately 40 percent
The collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public, especially by means of the Internet, is called _____ journalism. Multiple choice question. first-person eyewitness citizen "man-on-the-street"
citizen
What was the location of the earliest radio stations in Texas? Multiple choice question. Dallas Mexican border towns Houston college campuses
college campuses
What was the location of the earliest radio stations in Texas? Multiple choice question. Mexican border towns college campuses Dallas Houston
college campuses
The general trend in the United States is that network television viewership is ______. Multiple choice question. remaining flat declining increasing
declining
The echo chamber effect results in ______. Multiple choice question. increased willingness to engage with "others" increased exposure to opposing views diminished exposure to conflicting information
diminished exposure to conflicting information
When users self-select information on social media, the result is a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. deluge of "fake news" greater exposure to citizen journalism echo chamber greater exposure to hackers
echo chamber
Facebook, especially after it changed its algorithms to limit the ability of news organizations to asset themselves into news feeds, has _____ the echo chamber effect. Multiple choice question. diminished exacerbated not addressed
exacerbated
Facebook, especially after it changed its algorithms to limit the ability of news organizations to asset themselves into news feeds, has _____ the echo chamber effect. Multiple choice question. diminished not addressed exacerbated
exacerbated
The category of public opinion that is defined as "rhetorical construction used so freely in our newspapers and on television as to be meaningless" is called ______. Multiple choice question. media/elite opinion interest group conflict aggregation majoritarian fiction
fiction
Research has shown that newspapers from counties near the U.S.-Mexico border tend to have an overall negative slant toward immigrants. This "slant" is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. priming agenda setting framing resonance
framing
Research has shown that newspapers from counties near the U.S.-Mexico border tend to have an overall negative slant toward immigrants. This "slant" is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. resonance framing agenda setting priming
framing
What did "freedom of the press" mean at the time of the founding of the United States? Multiple choice question. freedom of speech writers' freedom from censorship of the written word freedom to use an actual printing press freedom from accusations of libel and slander in written works
freedom to use an actual printing press
After the _____ determines newsworthiness, it uses agenda setting, priming, and framing to transform the remaining information into news stories. Multiple choice question. arbiter ombudsman gatekeeper critical journalist
gatekeeper
What is the first step in the survey process? Multiple choice question. sampling identifying the population determining the instrument method determining the type of analysis
identifying the population
In his 1992 presidential campaign, Ross Perot spent $34.8 million of his own money on a series of ______. Multiple choice question. infomercials attack ads roadside billboards podcasts
infomercials
Deeply researched stories that uncover serious crime, corruption, or corporate wrongdoing are called _____ journalism, something in which notable news magazines engage. Multiple choice question. true-crime tabloid investigative sensationalist
investigative
According to Jan E. Leighley's research, when the mass media are watchdogs on government and on the political elite, they are following the _____ model.
neutral adversaries
A digital audio file made available on the Internet for downloading to a computer or portable media player, typically available as a series, is a ______. Multiple choice question. streaming service broadcast smart file podcast
podcast
This American Life and the New York Times The Daily are examples of very popular ______. Multiple choice question. streaming services Facebook groups YouTube channels podcasts
podcasts
Which of the following refers to engagement in the public sphere that encompasses all media and messages between and among citizens, the media, and the governing elite? soft news political communication political socialization public opinion
political communication
The process through which we learn political attitudes and opinions is called ______. Multiple choice question. majoritarianism political normalization socioeconomics political socialization
political socialization
When the local newspaper and local television station repetitively cover a story about a new stadium opening, that repetition is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. priming gatekeeping framing agenda setting
priming
What type of survey interviews a scientifically determined sampling of people within a population? Multiple choice question. panel survey probability sample survey sample survey census survey
probability sample survey
The news media, in particular, operate as an institution within the _____ sphere. Multiple choice question. public political private virtual
public
When media reinforce and magnify existing beliefs about the reality of an event, it is an example of _____________.
resonance
Paul Barran believed that, when cleavages in society emerged due to the choice of channels, the essential role of all media sources should be to ______. Multiple choice question. focus solely on particular ideological leanings and perspectives fight to keep their vested interests entertain respect the overarching principles of democratic theory
respect the overarching principles of democratic theory
Which of the following are examples of errors that should be accounted for in a poll's margin of error? Multiple select question. statistical methodology response rate sampling errors aggregation total versus actual sample size
response rate sampling errors total versus actual sample size
What is the literal meaning of "democracy"? Multiple choice question. rule by the people elite rule majority rule political equality
rule by the people
The earliest form of public opinion polling (as we know it today) consisted of newspapers setting up outside polling places and interviewing voters after they cast their ballots. These polls are called ______. Multiple choice question. straw polls push polls telephone polls
straw polls
Push polls are best described as ______. Multiple choice question. almost always Republican-funded unfocused targeted attacks scientific
targeted attacks
Focus groups usually include fewer than _____ individuals at a time. Multiple choice question. ten fifty twenty five
ten
According to anthropologist Thomas de Zengotita, what 1963 event, which was widely covered in the media, changed people's perception of the news? Multiple choice question. the U.S. ban on travel to and commerce with Cuba Alabama governor George Wallace's inauguration speech the assassination of President Kennedy in Dallas the arrest of Martin Luther King, Jr., in Birmingham, Alabama
the assassination of President Kennedy in Dallas
During what era of American history did almost 95 percent of U.S. households own radios? Multiple choice question. the beginning of the Vietnam War the early 1960s the end of World War II the early 1903s
the end of World War II
During the 1920s and 1930s a "convergence of change" had a big effect on polling. Which factors were led to that "convergence"? Multiple select question. the media pushing for more data a growing concern over accuracy a drastic decrease in the cost of telephoning the founding of polling organizations
the media pushing for more data a growing concern over accuracy the founding of polling organizations
A crucial element to the success of streaming services is ______. Multiple choice question. the accompanying growth in traditional media popularity the rise of social media the use of smartphones the fact that they are all free to users
the use of smartphones
Today, we use "press" and "media" somewhat interchangeably. At the founding of the nation, ______. Multiple choice question. members of the "media" were not differentiated from any other citizen there was no "media" these two words were also interchangeable these two words had more nuanced meanings
these two words had more nuanced meanings
Today, we use "press" and "media" somewhat interchangeably. At the founding of the nation, ______. Multiple choice question. there was no "media" these two words were also interchangeable members of the "media" were not differentiated from any other citizen these two words had more nuanced meanings
these two words had more nuanced meanings
According to a 2019 Texas Politics Project poll, what percent of Texans supported legalizing the use of marijuana for medical use only? Multiple choice question. 16 percent 26 percent 53 percent 35 percent
26 percent
Which of the following statements about socialization are true? Multiple select question. The family is generally the strongest and most persistent agent of socialization. Generational effects influence the attitudes and opinions of the peer group as agents of socialization. Socialization is a process that does not happen for everyone. The process of socialization begins the moment one is born.
The family is generally the strongest and most persistent agent of socialization. Generational effects influence the attitudes and opinions of the peer group as agents of socialization. The process of socialization begins the moment one is born.
Which of the following are among the influences that affect individual Texans' opinions? Multiple select question. conservatively biased media coverage a predominantly Democratic government a traditionalistic culture a collectivistic culture
conservatively biased media coverage a traditionalistic culture
Deeply researched stories that uncover serious crime, corruption, or corporate wrongdoing are called _____ journalism, something in which notable news magazines engage. Multiple choice question. true-crime tabloid sensationalist investigative
investigative
Which of the following best characterizes a "public"? Multiple choice question. its mass nature its combative nature its crowd-based nature its communicative nature
its communicative nature
What are some problems with survey polling? Multiple select question. leading questions inability to quantitatively analyze low response rates biased sampling
leading questions low response rates biased sampling
As compared to newspapers, news magazines ______. Multiple choice question. have greater circulation are politically unimportant are generally categorized "fluff" offer more substantive coverage
offer more substantive coverage
As compared to newspapers, news magazines ______. Multiple choice question. offer more substantive coverage have greater circulation are politically unimportant are generally categorized "fluff"
offer more substantive coverage
A television ad with a candidate on horseback, looking rugged with his loyal dog beside him and describing how he wants to protect Second Amendment rights, would be an example of what type of ad? Multiple choice question. positive issue ad sensationalist ad state-specific ad Hollywood ad
positive issue ad
When the local newspaper and local television station repetitively cover a story about a new stadium opening, that repetition is an example of ______. framing priming agenda setting gatekeeping
priming
_______________ is the ability of the media to help shape public opinion respecting an event or a person in the public sphere.
priming
In terms of medium, which of the following are categorizations we use? Multiple select question. private print electronic public
print electronic
What are the three broad functions the media serve within their communities? Multiple select question. providing information educating audiences shaping perception acting as a link building community
providing information shaping perception acting as a link
Political scientist Thomas Patterson argues that the _____ that citizens can access affects their interest in the news. Multiple choice question. quantity of information ratio of hard news to soft news quality of information currency of information
quality of information
The media cultivate and influence the public's social reality and mirror society's culture back to the viewer through ______. Multiple choice question. priming gatekeeping resonance framing
resonance
The reinforcement and magnification of existing beliefs about the reality and commonality of events due to the presentation of reality by the media is called ______. Multiple choice question. framing gatekeeping resonance priming
resonance
What age group is most likely to get its news from print media? Multiple choice question. those age 50-64 those age 18-29 those age 30-49 those older than age 65
those older than age 65
How many notable news magazines are published in Texas? Multiple choice question. three twenty-three two twelve
two
Approximately what portion of American adults use at least one form of social media to share information? Multiple choice question. one-third 90 percent one-half two-thirds
two-thirds
The media are typically categorized by ______. Multiple choice question. real or fake type of message and type of media state and federal public sphere and political sphere
type of message and type of media
The media are typically categorized by ______. Multiple choice question. state and federal public sphere and political sphere real or fake type of message and type of media
type of message and type of media
The media are typically categorized by ______. Multiple choice question. type of message and type of media public sphere and political sphere state and federal real or fake
type of message and type of media
The effect of public opinion on the increasing number of dismissals for small amounts of marijuana possession demonstrates that ______. Multiple choice question. the political elite can manipulate public opinion to support its goals when conflict arises, public opinion is mobilized and affects the political elite the media play no real role in public opinion
when conflict arises, public opinion is mobilized and affects the political elite