Types of R a p e

Rape - Types

* Most women are raped by men they know- often men that they have come to trust. 83% are committed by acquaintances of the victim.* - Only 4% of the women in a National Health and Social Life Survey were "forced to do something that they didn't want to do" by strangers.

Rape - Gang

*Exercise of power is a major motive behind gang rapes., although some attackers may also be expressing anger against women.* -Gang members often believe that once women have sex they are "whores". This is why each offending gang member may become more aggressive as he takes his turn. The Koss college survey showed that sexual assaults involving a group of assailants tends to be more vicious than individual assaults.

Rape - Date

*Is a form of acquaintance rape.* 10 to 20% of college woman report being forced into sexual intercourse by dates.

Rape - Partner

*Partner rape is more common than date rape because a sexual relationship has already been established.* -It is largely unreported and often unrecognized by survivors as actually being rape. -Women fail to report this type of rape because they fear that no one will believe them.

Rape Survivors

- Many survivors of stranger rape fear for their lives during the attack - Many are in crisis in the day and weeks following the rape.

Rape - Social Attitudes, Myths & Cultural Factors That Encourage Rape

-*Women say no when they mean yes - this myth has the effect of encouraging rape* *Rape myths create a social climate that legitimizes rape.*

Precautions to take

-Establish a set of signals with other women in building or neighborhood. -List yourself in the phone directory and on the mailbox by your first initial only. -Use dead-bolt locks -Lock windows and install iron grids on first-floor windows. -Keep doorways and entries well lit. -Keep your keys handy when approaching the car or the front door. -Do not walk by yourself after dark. -Avoid deserted areas. -Do not allow strange men into your house or apartment without first checking their credentials. -Keep your car doors locked and the windows up. -Check out the back seat of your car before entering. -Don't live in a risky building. -Don't give rides to hitchhikers (both men & women) -Don't converse with strange men on the street. -Shout "fire!" rather than "rape!" People are likely to flock to fires but to avoid scenes of violence.

How to avoid date rape

-Tell your partner how far you would like to go so that he will know what the limits are. -Meet new dates in public places, and avoid driving with a stranger or a group of people you've just met. -Be firm in refusing a sexual overture. Look your partner straight in the eye. -Listen to your "vibes". Trust your gut-level feelings. -Be especially cautious if you are in a new environment, such as college or a foreign country. -If you have broken off a relationship with someone you don't really like or feel good about, don't let him into your place. Many acquaintance rapes are committed by ex-boyfriends.

Rape - Incidence

150,000 to 200,000 women are sexually assaulted per year. This means on average a woman in the US is raped every 7 minutes. About 10% of victims are men. About 2/3rds of rapes in the US go unreported and are not prosecuted. *1 in 4 women in the US is raped during her lifetime.*

Sexual Assault

Any sexual activity that involves the use of force or the threat of force.

Sexual Harassment

Deliberate of repeated unsolicited verbal comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature that is considered to be unwelcomed by the recipient.

Rape - Acquaintance

Rape by an acquaintance of the victim. *Women are more likely to be raped by men they know: - A classmate -Fellow office worker -Even a brothers friend*

Rap Survivors - Psychological Disorders

Rape survivors are at higher risk of developing anxiety disorders and depression, abusing alcohol and other substances. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one form of anxiety that is common for rape victims. It is brought on by a experiencing a traumatic event and is often seen in soldiers that were in combat. Women who blame themselves for the rape tend to suffer more severe depression and adjustment problems, including sexual problems.

Rape - Stranger

Rape that is committed by an assailant previously unknown to the victim. * Stranger Rapist target: -someone who seems vulnerable - women who live alone - who are older or retarded -who are walking down a deserted streets -who are asleep -who are intoxicated *

Rape

Sexual activity that takes place without consent. -Rape is considered the most common crime of violence. (1/2 million American women are raped each year. *The definition of rape varies from state to state.* Traditionally, a man couldn't be convicted of raping his wife, even though he might have forced her to submit to sexual activity by physical power or threats. This was derived from the English common law that held that a woman "gives herself over" to her husband when she becomes his wife and can not retract her consent.

Statutory Rape

Sexual activity with a person below the age of consent, even when the victim cooperates.

Rapist - Psychological

Sexual motivation plays a key role in rape Anger usually motivates the rapist to use more force than needed to obtain compliance -Those who are motivated by power seek to control They are not mentally ill or less intelligent than other people.

Rape Prevention

The elimination of rape will require massive changes in cultural attitudes and socialization processes. Education intervention on a smaller scale may reduce its incidence. Many colleges offer coeducational programs about date rape that have apparently lowered the number of date rapes. *These programs aim to develop empathy for the victim by explaining the damage done by rape, exposing traditional cultural myths that endorse rape, and explaining the borders between encouraging a date to have sex and rape.* *The rapist is always responsible for the assault.*

Rape - Male

The prevalence of male rape is unknown because most assaults are not reported. -1 in ten rape survivors is a man -* Men who rape other men are not gay. Most are heterosexual.* -Males are expected to be strong and silent. Male survivors may suffer the same traumatic effect as females do.

Rape Survivor - Treatment

Treatment of rape survivors involves helping the woman through the crisis following the attack and then helping her foster long term adjustment. Crisis intervention typically provides the survivor with support and information to help her express her feelings and develop strategies for coping with the trauma. Emotional consequences of rape and how treatment helps: -avoid self blame -improve self-esteem -validate the welter of feelings surrounding the experience -help establish and maintain loving relationships. *It is important for the victim to get social support from: family, friends, religious leaders, and health care specialist.* *A review of the effectiveness of various kinds of therapy for survivors of rape found that the treatment targets are most often post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety.

Rape Kit

When a woman reports a rape, her body is the crime scene. Typically she is asked to undress over a large white sheet of paper to collect hairs or fibers, and then her body is examined with an ultraviolet light, photographed and thoroughly swabbed for the rapist DNA. - It can last 4 to 6 hours and produces a "rape kit". Many times this rape kit will sit around and may never be opened or tested. It is not tested because it is not deemed a priority. *Each rape kit cost $1,500 to test. This may be the reason for the delay in their testing. New York City has made the testing of these kits a priority resulting in 2,000 cold hits in rape cases and the arrest rate when from 40 to 70% for rape.*

In ancient Babylonian and Hebrew culture rape. . .

the wife was seen as guilty of adultery. Babylonian women were bound and thrown in the river with the assailant. Virgins who were raped within the protection of the city gates would also be stoned by the Hebrews. It was thought that they could have maintained their purity by crying out.