U1 Ap Psych test

Banya is taking an AP Psychology class where his teacher gives short quizzes for each unit. During the unit on biological bases of behavior, Banya earned the following quiz scores: 2, 3, 17, 10, 2, 3, 8, 2, 7 What is the mode of the set of scores above? Responses A 2 B 3 C 6 D 7

2

Mrs. Downing is 80 years old and lives in an assisted living facility. She often stops speaking in the middle of sentences because she can't remember the topic being discussed. She also tries on most days to leave the facility so she can get home to cook dinner for her family. The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease that Mrs. Downing is likely experiencing? Responses A Dopamine B Acetylcholine C Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) D Norepinephrine

Acetylcholine

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him. Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with Ted's fear response? Responses A Medulla B Occipital lobe C Hippocampus D Amygdala

Amygdala

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms? Responses A Forgetfulness B Hearing difficulties C Difficulty controlling balance and coordination D Difficulty with speech production

Difficulty with speech production

Alicia has a condition in which tiny crystals break loose and randomly touch and bend the hair cells in her semicircular canals. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this condition? Responses A Loss of feeling in her limbs B Confusion about right and left directions C Dizziness and loss of balance D Inability to determine the position of her joints

Dizziness and loss of balance

Which of the following is classified as an antagonist? Responses A Cocaine, because it floods the brain with dopamine. B Marijuana, because they lead to increased central nervous system activity. C An antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine receptors. D Lithium, because it blocks the reuptake of serotonin.

An antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine receptors.

Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state? Responses A The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside. B The outside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the inside. C The concentration of sodium ions is equal inside and outside of the cell membrane. D The neuron is not polarized.

The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside.

Researchers measured changes in neural firing in the frontal lobes for ten rats that were exposed to stimulants. The researchers used an MRI that indicates brain activity with colors. Normal brain activity is indicated by greens and yellows. High brain activity is indicated by reds and oranges. Low brain activity is indicated by grays and blues. All the rat's brains showed normal activity prior to being exposed to the stimulant. What type of study was being conducted by the researcher? Responses A Correlational B Experiment C Case D Longitudinal

Experiment

Although his parents repeatedly warn him about the dangers of texting while driving, seventeen-year-old Marco continues to do so. Which of the following most likely explains Marco's persistence? Responses A Authoritative parenting style B High level of the Big Five trait of neuroticism C Incomplete frontal lobe development D Narcissistic personality disorder

Incomplete frontal lobe development

The nature-nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions? Responses A Is perception accomplished by passive detection of images in the environment or by active detection of information? B Is language acquisition fairly complete by the early school years, or are most linguistic forms mastered only in adolescence? C Is gender identity most influenced by parental upbringing or by interaction with same-sexpeers? D Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?

Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?

Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high? Responses A It has a long wavelength and high frequency. B It has a short wavelength and high frequency. C It has a long wavelength and low frequency. D It has a large amplitude.

It has a short wavelength and high frequency.

Rafael has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated? Responses A Sleep apnea B Narcolepsy C Insomnia D Circadian rhythm sleep disorder

Narcolepsy

Annette begins staring at the red, white, and blue colors of the flag hanging at the front of her classroom. When she shifts her gaze to the white wall, she perceives a green, black, and yellow afterimage of this flag. Which of the following theories best explains Annette's experience? Responses A Opponent-process B Frequency C Trichromatic D Place

Opponent-process

Kenyatta is participating in a research study examining the effects of a particular hormone. After she is given the hormone, she engages in behaviors that demonstrate trust in strangers, peer bonding, and group cohesion. Kenyatta was most likely given which of the following as part of the study? Responses A Melatonin B Adrenaline C Ghrelin D Oxytocin

Oxytocin

An institutional review board (IRB) rejected a proposal for research where participants requesting to lesion Wernicke's Area in otherwise healthy individuals to study the resulting speech comprehension issues. Which of the following is the most likely ethical consideration for rejecting the study? Responses A Informed Consent B Protection from Harm C Deception D Generalizability of Results

Protection from Harm

In the figure above, a patient has been asked to draw a slash through each circle. The pattern of responses suggests that the patient has most likely experienced damage in which of the following areas? Responses A Left occipital lobe B Medulla C Cerebellum D Right hemisphere

Right hemisphere

A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their home environment earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias in the home environment improves grades. Which of the following explains why the researcher has reached an erroneous conclusion? Responses A She failed to allow for experimenter bias. B She did not identify the independent variable. C She inferred correlation from causation. D She inferred causation from correlation.

She inferred causation from correlation.

Kara thinks she sees a spider on the floor of her bathroom. She is extremely afraid of spiders. Which of the following nervous systems would be responsible for her fearful reaction to the spider? Responses A Somatic nervous system B Parasympathetic nervous system C Sympathetic nervous system D Central nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Dr. Cruickshank conducted a study to examine whether cerebral cortex activity in the brain would be higher during memory retrieval for a test or during the initial learning process. She conducted brain scans on 10 volunteers while they were learning a new set of vocabulary words and while they were given a test on the same vocabulary words. In which lobes of the brain should Dr. Cruickshank expect to see activity when subjects process the sounds of the vocabulary words? Responses A Occipital lobes B Temporal lobes C Parietal lobes D Frontal lobes

Temporal lobes

Darrin is watching a horror movie. When the evil main character makes a surprise appearance, Darrin jumps out of his seat, his heart rate accelerates, and he screams. Which of the following pathways most directly contributes to his ability to calm down after this startle response? Responses A The reflex arc B The somatic nervous system C The sympathetic nervous system D The parasympathetic nervous system

The parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following explains transduction? Responses A The process by which sensory stimuli are converted into neural signals B The degree of stimulation needed for a signal to be detected 50 percent of the time C The difference in signal strength needed for that difference to be detected D The process by which a person's eyes adapt to the dark

The process by which sensory stimuli are converted into neural signals

A researcher wants to examine how much information from waking life ends up in dreams. The researcher recruits 40 volunteers from a local community college to record the details of their daily activities. The participants will be given a sleep monitor that gently wakes them each time they end an REM cycle, after which they will complete a detailed dream diary. The study is planned to last for two weeks. Why would an institutional review board be hesitant to approve this study? Responses A This type of research should be done with animal subjects. B The researchers are disrupting sleep for an extended period, which may cause harm. C The researchers would not be able to hide the identities of the participants. D The researchers would be using deception without debriefing.

The researchers are disrupting sleep for an extended period, which may cause harm.

Researchers investigated the extent to which 30 pairs of identical and fraternal female twins shared with their twin a diagnosis for the eating disorder anorexia nervosa. Identical twins are genetically identical and share the same DNA pattern. Fraternal twins are only as genetically similar as any other sibling pair. Researchers found that 9 out of 16 pairs of the identical twins were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, while 1 out of 14 pairs of the fraternal twins were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.Which of the following explains why researchers could not implement an experimental design in this study? Responses A The twins could not be given a placebo. B The twins could not be randomly assigned to groups. C The twins could not be studied in an in-depth way individually. D Multiple studies of the twins could not be conducted over a long period and combined.

The twins could not be randomly assigned to groups.

A research group conducted a study investigating the connection between self-reported number of hours slept in a given week and scores on a happiness measure. Based on the scatterplot above, the group can report that there is Responses A no relationship between amount of self-reported sleep and happiness B a positive correlation C a negative correlation D a perfect, positive relationship between amount of self-reported sleep and happiness

a positive correlation

People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their Responses A rods B cones C lens D optic nerve

cones

After surgery, Arjun experienced changes that were noticed during special testing in a laboratory setting by a researcher. In the laboratory, psychologists flashed different images or words to his left and right visual fields. Arjun could easily speak the names of items that were flashed to his right visual field. He could not easily speak the names of items that were flashed to this left visual field. Arjun was studied by a researcher for many years, and his experiences went unchanged. The researcher published the research with Arjun where he shared Arjun's experience and his first and last name. Which of the following ethical procedures did the researcher neglect when they published the research with Arjun? Responses A Confidentiality B Informed consent C Deception D Sampling bias

confidentiality

The limbic system is most closely associated with Responses A logic and reasoning B decision making C emotions D sensory sensitivity

emotions

If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is Responses A green B red C blue D black

green

Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise Responses A reduces her level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B reduces her level of acetylcholine C reduces her level of glutamate D increases her level of endorphins

increases her level of endorphins

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the Responses A cerebellum B limbic system C medulla D hippocampus

medulla

The argument over the relative contributions of heredity and environment in the development of various behaviors and personality traits is known as which of the following controversies? Responses A Continuous versus discrete B Nature versus nurture C Active versus passive D Critical period versus sensitive period

nature versus nurture

The most common form of color blindness is related to deficiencies in the Responses A blue-yellow system B red-green system C process of visual summation D bipolar cells

red-green system

In vision, transduction occurs within the Responses A optic nerve B visual cortex C retina D cornea

retina

The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are best identified as which of the following concepts? Responses A reuptake inhibitors B antipsychotics C antihistamines D stimulants

reuptake inhibitors

The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the Responses A midbrain B sympathetic C parasympathetic D somatic

somatic

A neuron receives an excitatory neurotransmitter and fires an action potential. Which of the following is the correct term for the time shortly after a neuron fires and before it fires again? Responses A the refractory period B the reticular formation C depolarization D the neurotransmitter

the refractory period

Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's Responses A balance B vision C fine motor movements D language processing

vision

Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense? Responses A Developing a craving for a food after smelling it B Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body C Being able to locate where a sound is coming from D Balancing oneself on a ladder

Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body

Researchers investigated the extent to which 30 pairs of identical and fraternal female twins shared with their twin a diagnosis for the eating disorder anorexia nervosa. Identical twins are genetically identical and share the same DNA pattern. Fraternal twins are only as genetically similar as any other sibling pair. Researchers found that 9 out of 16 pairs of the identical twins were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, while 1 out of 14 pairs of the fraternal twins were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Which of the following psychological perspectives would best help researchers answer questions about the relationship between heredity and the environment regarding the development of disorders such as anorexia nervosa? Responses A Cognitive B Psychodynamic C Humanistic D Biological

Biological

Synesthesia is a phenomenon that has been estimated to occur in only a few people in a million. Because of its rarity, researchers are likely to choose which research method to study it? Responses A Naturalistic observation B Survey research C Case study D Experimental research

Case study

When Alexus traveled to another country, she experienced jet lag and had trouble adjusting to the new time zone. Alexus' experience is most likely linked to which of the following concepts? Responses A Circadian rhythm B Fight-flight-freez response C Night terrors D REM rebound

Circadian rhythm

After surgery, Arjun experienced changes that were noticed during special testing in a laboratory setting by a researcher. In the laboratory, psychologists flashed different images or words to his left and right visual fields. Arjun could easily speak the names of items that were flashed to his right visual field. He could not easily speak the names of items that were flashed to this left visual field. Arjun was studied by a researcher for many years, and his experiences went unchanged. The researcher published the research with Arjun where he shared Arjun's experience and his first and last name. Which of the following parts of the brain was severed to address Arjun's epileptic seizures? Responses A Amygdala B Cerebellum C Corpus Callosum D Medulla

Corpus Callosum

In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drug? Responses A Depressant B Narcotic C Psychoactive D Stimulant

Depressant

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in impairment of the kinesthetic sense? Responses A Severing of the corpus callosum B Destruction of part of the hypothalamus C Damage to the cerebellum D A tumor in the somatosensory cortex

Damage to the cerebellum

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain? Responses A Occipital lobe B Wernicke's area C Auditory cortex D Parietal lobe

Wernicke's area