U3 C16 Endocrine System Assignment

The anterior pituitary is composed of Glandular tissue. Name the six hormones produced here. Write the name of the hormone, including the word hormone please. You will not receive credit for abbreviations.

1. Growth Hormone 2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone 3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone 4. Prolactin 5. luteinizing hormone 6. follicle stimulating hormone

Diabetes mellitus: Type (1 or 2) diabetes is characterized by a resistance of the target cells to insulin.

2

Adenylate cyclase-cAMP second messenger system: What catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP?

Adenylate Cyclase

what modified sympathetic ganglion gland produces the hormone known as catecholamines?

Adrenal Medulla

_______________________ (hormone) from the anterior pituitary stimulates secretion of adrenal steroids from the ______________________

Adrenocorticotropic adrenal cortex

what hormone does the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produce?

Aldosterone

Adenylate cyclase-cAMP second messenger system: A single hormone can have a large effect on the cell by activating or inhibiting thousands of chemicals, this is called ___________________

Amplification

TRH, GNRH, CRH, etc., are known as hypothalamic hormones that regulate the function of the _____________ pituitary.

Anterior

The parathyroid hormone is secreted in response to a change in ion levels, which is called humoral stimuli, to increase blood ___________ levels.

Calcium

The receptor is activated by the hormone. This causes a biochemical change in the cell. List three of the five possible changes.

Contraction Secretion Transport Synthesis Breakdown

Direct Gene Activation: The receptor-hormone complex then binds to __________?

DNA

Diabetes Mellitius: Increased lipolysis produces an increase in ________________, which, when used as fuel, produces ________________ .

Fatty Acids Ketones

Adenylate cyclase-cAMP second messenger system: What is known as the first & second messenger?

First: Hydrophilic Hormone Second: cAMP

what hormone is a stimulus for sperm production in the male and maturation of ovarian follicles in the female?

Follicle Stimulating hormone

Anterior pituitary is composed of what kind of tissue?

Glandular

What hormone raises blood glucose levels?

Glucagon

What 2 hormones are secreted by the pancreatic islets of the pancreas?

Glucagon from alpha cells Insulin from beta cells

Diabetes Mellitius: With the increase in filtration of glucose at the kidneys, the carriers become saturated and glucose appears in the urine, also known as:

Glucosuria

Parathyroid hormone is secreted in response to a change in ion levels which is called ______________________stimuli

Humoral Stimuli

Diabetes Mellitius: In type 1 diabetes, the lack of insulin and glycogenolysis in the liver leads to (hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia)

Hyperglycemia

TRH, GNRH, CRH, etc., are known as hypothalamic hormones that regulate the function of the Anterior pituitary. These hormones are released into capillary beds and carried directly to the pituitary by the ____________________ , located in the _______________ .

Hypophyseal portal veins infundibulum

Growth hormone stimulates growth of bones and muscles indirectly by activating proteins called:

Insulin like growth factors

Diabetes Mellitius: The presence of these in plasma can cause a decrease in pH leading to __________________. An accumulation in urine is known as ___________________.

Ketoacidosis Ketonuria

What organ does the hormone aldosterone affect?

Kidneys

what hormone triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum in the ovaries?

Luteinizing hormone

_______________ and ________________ , the posterior pituitary hormones, are syntheszied in the nuclei of the hypothalamus. They are stored in the axon terminals located in the _______________ pituitary. Similar to neurotransmitters, a/an _________________ in the neuron causes their release.

Oxytocin Vasopressin Posterior Action Potential

What gland is embedded in the posterior wall of the thyroid?

Parathyroid

what does the parathyroid glands secrete?

Parathyroid Hormone

Adenylate cyclase-cAMP second messenger system: What is the enzyme that inactivates cAMP?

Phosphodiesterase

Hydrophilic (water-soluble) hormones bind to receptors located where on the cell?

Plasma Membrane

Adenylate cyclase-cAMP second messenger system: A molecule of cAMP actvates __________ which can phosphorylate many proteins.

Protein Kinases

Hormones act at specific target organs because these organs contain specific for hormones.

Receptors

What hormone does the testes produce?

Steroid hormone testosterone

Large follicles in the thyroid gland contain a protein called _________________ from which the hormones ________________ and ______________________ are made. These hormones regulate many metabolic functions and are important for nervous system development and growth.

Thyroglobulin T3 (Triiodothyronine) T4 (Thyroxine)

Four of the six hormones produced by the anterior pituitary are ________________ hormones; these hormones target other endocrine structures.

Tropic

Catecholamines hormone produces

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine

How does aldosterone hormone affect the kidneys?

it promotes retention of sodium and water

Direct Gene Activation: A gene is activated, which changes teh rate of synthesis of ______________ such as enzymes which catalyze biochemical reactions in the cell.

proteins

Melatonin function and location

secreted by the pineal gland helps regulate body activities with light/dark cycle

Direct Gene Activation: Lipid-soluble hormones bind to receptors located ________?

within the cell

functions of thyroid hormones

working with sympathetic nervous system regulates metabolic rate and thermoregulation promotes growth and development