UA Exam 3
The dimensions of a standard Neubauer hemocytometer are 1mm x 1mm x 10mm 1mm x 1mm x 0.3mm 3mm x 3mm x 0.1mm 3mm x 10mm x 1mm
3mm x 3mm x 0.1mm
A sperm count is diluted 1:20 and 50 sperm are counted in 2 secondary squares of teh Neubauer counting chamber. The sperm count is 50,000/mL 5,000/mL 5,000,000/mL 500,000/mL
5,000,000 /mL
Metastatic carcinoid tumors arising from the enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract are characterized by increased excretion of urinary: Homogentistic acid 5-Hydroxytryptophan Serotonin 5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid
5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA)
Pleocytosis is a term used to describe An increased protein content in the CSF caused by cellular lysis Inflammation and sloughing of cells from the choroid plexus An increased number of cells in the CSF A pink, orange, or yellow CSF specimen
An increased number of cells in the CSF
Which of the following would be evidence of a successful vasectomy? Azoospermia Less than 10% of sperm with forward progression Head-to-head agglutination Seminal pH >7.8
Azoospermia
Which abnormality is seen in the presence of Alkaptonuria? Blue color Orange sand in diaper Black color
Black color
What is the specimen that is used for the newborn screen? Fecal Blood Urine Timed urine
Blood
In certain malignant disorders, what substance is found in the urine that turns the urine dark brown or black on exposure of the urine to air? A. Urobilinogen B. Indican C. Melanin D. Porphyrin
C. Melanin
Which of the following disorder is characterized by the urinary excretion of large amoounts of arginine, cystine, lysine, and ornithine? Lysinuria Tyrosinuria Cystinuria Cystinosis
Cystinuria
What disorder is accociated with blue diaper syndrome? Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Hartnup disease Cystinuria Phenylketonuria
Hartnup disease
Which condition is characterized by increased levels of immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid, originating from within the central nervous system and not from the general blood circulation? Multiple myeloma Gout MS Erythroblastosis fetalis
MS
Which condition is characterized by increased levels of immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid, originating from within the central nervous system and not from the general blood circulation? Multiple myeloma Gout Multiple sclerosis Erythroblastosis fetalis
Multiple sclerosis
Which abnormality is noted with Lesch-Nyhan disease? Blue color Orange sand in diaper Sulfur odor Black color
Orange sand in diaper
A xanthochromic CSF specimen is centrifuged resulting in a pink-colored supernatant. This indicates the presence of Methemoglobin Oxyhemoglobin Red blood cells Bilirubin
Oxyhemoglobin
What urine color is associated with porphyria? Indigo blue Black Dark yellow Port wine
Port wine
Which structure is responsible for secreting fluid rich in zinc? Epididymis Ejaculatory duct Prostate gland Intersitial cells of Leydig
Prostate gland
To avoid falsely elevated CSF cells counts A. Use an aliquot from the first tube collected B. Use only those specimens showing no turbidity C. Centrifuge all specimens before counting D. Select an aliquot from the last tube collected
Select an aliquot from the last tube collected
Which structure is responsible for the secretion of fluid high in fructose? Interstitial cells of Leydig Prostate gland Epididymis Seminal vesicles
Seminal vesicles
Fructose in semen assists in theThe sec evaluation of which of the following? The functional integrity of the epididymis The secretory function of the prostate gland The presence of antisperm antibodies The secretory function of the seminal vesicles
The secretory function of the seminal vesicles
In addition to the sperm count in a fertility study, analysis of seminal fluid should also include time of liquefaction, qualitative test for hemoglobin and motility Motility, morphology, test for alkaline phosphatase Time of liquefaction, test for acid phosphatase, qualitative test for hemoglobin Time of liquefaction, extimation of motility, morphology
Time of liquefaction, extimation of motility, morphology
The primary function of semen is to Transport the spermatozoa Stimulate sperm maturation Coagulate the ejaculate Nourish the spermatozoa
Transport spermatozoa
CSF was collected from a 5 year old with a fever, and 3 tubes were transported to the lab. Tube 1 had 50,000 RBC/mL and 48 WBC/mL. Tube 3 had 10 RBC/mL and 0 WBC/mL. What is the most likely explanation for the discrepancy? Tube 3 was QNS Bacterial meningitis Subarachnoid hemorrhage Traumatic tap
Traumatic tap
An overflow mechanism is responsible for the aminoaciduria present in: Cystinosis Cystinuria Phenylketonuria Tyrosinuria
Tyrosinuria
Which structure is responsible for the transportation of sperm to the ejaculatory duct? Prostate gland Seminiferous tubules Vas deferens Seminal vesicles
Vas deferens
How many leukocytes are normally present in the CSF obtained from an adult? 0-30 0-20 0-5 0-10
0-5 cells
A CSF was hazy and the WBC was too high to perform undiluted. The tech took 50 mL of sample and added 500 mL of saline. The cell count on the diluted sample was 200 WBC per mL. This should be multiplied by: A. 10 B. 11 C. 1/10 D. 1/11
11
A white blood cell differntial is performed on CSF from an adult patient suspected of having meningitis. The following results were reported Test Result Neutrophils 89% Lymphocytes 7% Monocytes 3% Eosinophils <1% These results are highly suggestive of Fungal meningitis Bacterial meningitis Viral meningitis Tubercular meningitis
Bacterial meningitis
Decreased CSF can be found in CSF leakage MS Meningitis Hemorrhage
CSF leakage
What calculation is used to determine if there is a breach in the blood-brain barrier? IgG index CSF/serum albumin index Albumin gradient Fluid/serum LD ratio
CSF/serum albumin index
During a lumbar puncture procedure, the first collection tube of CSF removed should be used for Chemistry test Cytology studies Microbiology studies Hematology tests
Chemistry tests
An undiluted CSF specimen is loaded onto a Neubauer hemacytometer and the following results are recorded after counting all nine 1.0 mm^2 quadrants on both sides Side 1 - 100 WBCs Side 2 - 55 WBCs The laboratorian should A. Report the average WBC/uL from side 1 and 2 B. Report the difference in WBC/uL from side 1 and 2 C. Report the sum of WBC/uL from side 1 and 2 D. Clean and reload the hemacytometer
Clean and reload the hemacytometer
The appearance of normal CSF is Colorless and clear Opalescent Pale yellow and clear Xanthochromic
Colorless and clear
The following urinalysis biochemical results were obtained from a 4-month old infant who experienced vomiting and diarrhea after milk ingestion and failed to gain weight: pH - 6; protein - negative; glucose - negative; ketone - negative; bilirubin - negative; Clinitest - 2+. These results are clinically significant in which of the following disorders? Galactosemia Diabetes mellitus Indicanuria Cystinosis
Galactosemia
Which of the following is the best indicator of Reye syndrome for CSF (hepatic encephalopathy)? ALT Bilirubin Glutamine Ammonia
Glutamine
The opening pressure for a CSF collection is low, so only 1 mL of fluid is collected into a labeled sterile tube and sent to the laboratory. Which of the following tests should be performed first? Gram stain and culture Total protein Manual cell count Glucose
Gram stain and culture
Microscopically, immature spermatogenic cells are often difficult to distinguish from Bacteria Erythrocytes Epithelial cells Leukocytes
Leukocytes
Which of the following results would be considered abnormal for seminal fluid? pH of 7.6 65% sperm with rapid linear progression Liquefaction time >60 minutes 25% sperm with normal morphology
Liquefaction time >60 minutes
Which disorder cannot be dectect by the newborn screen? Tyrosyluria Galactosemia Maple syrup urine disease Melanuria
Melanuria
Which seemen result would be considered abnormal? >50% are motile within 1 hour of collection pH 7.5 Motility grade of 1.0 Sample pours in droplets after 60 minutes
Motility grade of 1.0
Seminal fluid analysis is routinely performed to evaluate which of the following? Postvasectomy status Premature ejaculation Prostate cancer Penile implant status
Postvasectomy status
Xanthrochromia of CSF samples may be due to increased levels of which of the following?
Protein
The presence of which of the following may result in a CSF specimen with an oily appearance? >500 WBC Neutral triglycerides 30 mg/dL total protein Radiographic contrast media
Radiographic contrast media
Which abnormality is noted with Cystinuria? Sweaty feet odor Black color Sulfur odor Blue color
Sulfur odor
A urine specimen from a pediatric patient with Maple Syrup Urine Disease will have a distinct: Yellow precipitate Pale color Milky appearance Sweet odor
Sweet odor
Which of the following conditions adversely affects the quality of a semen specimen? The storage of the specimen at refrigerator temperatures The collection of the specimen in a glass container The time of day the collection is obtained The use of Silastic condoms
The storage of the specimen at refrigerator temperatures
An overflow mechanism is responsible for the aminoaciduria present in: Cystinosis Cystinuria Tyrosinuria Phenylketonuria
Tyrosinuria
Rapid forward progression of sperm is rated as 2.0 3.0 4.0 1.0
4.0
If a fasting glucose level of 100 mg/dL is obtained on an individual, what is the expected CSF glucose level in mg/dL? 50 100 25 65
65
Which marker can be used to identify if a body fluid contains semen? Acid phosphatase Fructose Hyaluronic acid Alkaline phosphatase
Acid phosphatase
Which of the following diseases results in the accumulation and excretion of large amount of homogentisic acid? Phenylketonuria Melanuria Alkaptonuria Tyrosinuria
Alkaptonuria
Which of the following diseases will not result in severe mental disability if not detected and treated in the infant? Maple syrup urine disease Phenylketonuria Galactosuria Alkaptonuria
Alkaptonuria
Which abnormality is noted with Indicanuria? Blue color Black color Mousy odor Orange sand in diaper
Blue color
The tau isoform of transferrin is a carbohydrate deficient protein found only in: CSF Semen Sweat Amniotic fluid
CSF
Which stain is used to measure sperm viability? Papanicolaou Toluidine blue Eosin nigrosin Wright
Eosin nigrosin
Phenylketonuria may be characterized by which of the following statements? It may cause brain damage if untested Excess tyrosine accumulated in the blood Phenylpyruvic acid excess appears in the blood It is caused by the absence of the enzyme, phenylalanine oxidase
Excess tyrosine accumulates in the blood
Normal CSF contains all the following proteins except A. Transferrin B. Transthyretin C. Albumin D. Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen
Results from a WBC differential performed on CSF from an adult patient suspected of having meningitis are listed below Test Result Neutrophils 3% Lymphocytes 62% Monocytes 23% Eosinophils 12% These results are highly suggestive of Viral meningitis Fungal meningitis Bacterial meningitis Tubercular meningitis
Fungal meningitis
Alkaptonuria, a rare hereditary disease, is characterized by the urinary excretion of: 5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid Alkaptone Homogentisic acid Phenylalanine
Homogentisic acid
Which of the following statements regarding sperm concentration is true? Sperm concentration within a single individual is usually constant Sperm concentration depends solely on the period of abstinence In a normal ejaculate, sperm concentration ranges from 20 to 250 million per milliliter For fertility purposes, sperm concentration is more important than sperm motility
In a normal ejaculate, sorry concentration ranges from 20 to 250 million per milliliter
Porphyria is characterized by Decreased globin synthesis Increased heme degradation Dereased iron catabolism Increased heme formation
Increased heme formation
A semen pH greater than 8.0 is associated wtih Infection of the male reproductive tract Obstruction of the vas deferens Premature ejaculation Abnormal seminal vesicle function
Infection of the male reproductive tract
Galactose is produced in the normal metabolism of: Lactose Glucose Sucrose Fructose
Lactose
Uric acid crystals (many in number) present in the urine of a pediatric specimen may indicate? Lesch-Nyhan disease Melaturia Hurler syndrome Sanflippo syndrome
Lesch-Nyhan disease
Which one of the phenylalanin-tyrosine pathway overflow disorders will give a positive reagent strip ketone reaction? Melanuria Maple Syrup Urine Disease Alkaptonuria Tyrosyluria
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Which of the following substances oxidizes with exposure to air, causing the urine to turn brown or black? Melanin Urobilinogen Porphyrin Tyrosine
Melanin
Which of the following may be measured in CSF to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for multiple sclerosis? Myelin basic protein Lactate Glutamine Bilirubin
Myelin basic protein
Evaluation of sperm morphology is performed by staining an air-dried smear with Wright, Giemsa, or Papanicolaou stain and evaluating 200 sperm using A 4x objective (400x magnification) A 40x objective (400x magnification) A 10x objective (100x magnification) Oil immersion and a 100x objective (1000x magnification)
Oil immersion and a 100x objective (1000x magnification)
Which of the following is a requirement when collecting semen specimen? A single semen specimen is sufficient for the evaluatio of male fertility Semen specimens must be evaluated withing 3 hours following collection The patient should abstain from sexual intercourse for at least 2 days following the collection Only complete collections of teh entire ejaculate are acceptable for analysis
Only complete collections of teh entire ejaculate are acceptable for analysis
Which of the following may be associated wtih morphologic examination of spermatozoa? Presence of red or white cells and epithelial cells need not be noted Evaluation should include assessment of 1000 spermatozoa Papanicolaou stain may be used A small number of sperm should have normal morphologic characteristics
Papanicolaou stain may be used
Which of the following cells can be present in small numbers in normal CSF? Erythrocytes Macrophages Plasma cells Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Which of the following abnormalities is not a clinical feature of an infant with galactosuria? Cataract formation Polyuria Intellectual disability Liver dysfunction
Polyuria
Which of the following statements regarding porphyrin and porphyrin precursors is false? Porphyrin precursor accumulation causes skin photosensitivity Porphyria can be inherited or induced Porphyrin precursors are neurotoxins Porphyrins can be dark red or purple
Porphyrin precursor accumulation causes skin photosensitivity
Which CSF results are most consistent with bacterial meningitis Sample Glucose Protein Lactate A; 20, 50, increased B; 75, 20, increased C; 20, 45, decreased D; 75, 120, decreased
Sample A; 20 glucose, 50 protein, increased lactate *glucose is decreased in bacterial meningitis
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced primarily from: Secretions by the choroid plexus Diffusion from plasma into the central nervous system Ultrafiltration of plasma in the ventricles of the brain Excretions from ependymal cells lining the brain and spinal cor
Secretions by the choroid plexus
What is 5-HIAA a degradation product of? Serotonin Índole Heme Melanin
Serotonin
Which of teh following statements regarding the manual evaluation of sperm motility is not true? Sperm motility most often is graded subjectively Sperm motility is affected adversely by temperature Sperm motility assesses speed and forward progression Sperm motility should be evaluated initially and at 2 hours after collection
Sperm motility should be evaluated initially and at 2 hours after collection
Which specimen is not appropriate to use when testing for porphyrins? Blood Urine Feces Spit
Spit
Which of the following statements regarding sperm morphology is true? Stained smears of fresh semen can be used to evaluate sperm morphology Sperm morphology is evaluated using 400x (high-power) magnification Sperm morphology is usually evaluated using a peroxidase stain Normal semen contains at least 80% sperm with normal morphology
Stained smears of fresh semen can be used to evaluate sperm morphology
Which of the following structures does not contribute to secretions to semen? Prostate gland Seminal vesicles Urethra BUlbourethral glands
Urethra
Which of the following studies is performed by aspirating seminal fluid with a Pasteur pipette and observing the formation of droplets as it is allowed to fall under only the influence of gravity? Vitality Viscosity Concentration Motility
Viscosity
Which of the following parameters directly relates to and provides a check of the sperm motility evaluation? Vitality assessment Agglutination evaluation Concentration determination Morphology assessments
Vitality assessment
Which of the following sample preparations is appropriate to use for evaluation of sperm agglutination? Fixed smear stained with eosin-nigrosin stain Smear stained wtih Wright stain Dried smear stained with Papanicolaou stain Wet preparation
Wet preparation
A turbid cerebrospinal fluid is most commonly caused by increased: White blood cells Protein Glucose Bacterial organisms
White blood cells
Which of the following statements applies to the proper collection and handling of CSF? CSF collected in the evening should be refrigerated and assays performed only by day-shift personnel The second tube collected should be used for chemistry analysis With low-volumes specimens, a culture is performed first, before cell counts are done The third tube collected should be used to bacteriologic studies
With low-volume specimens, a culture is performed first, before cell counts are done
CSF is found between the Pía mater and choroid plexus Arachnoid and pia Mater Arachnoid and dura mater Pia mater and dura mater
arachnoid and pia mater
Increased CSF lactate is found in Spina bífida Reye encephalopathy MS Bacterial meningitis
bacterial meningitis
India ink preparations and microbial antigen tests on CSF can aid in the diagnosis of A. bacterial meningitis. B. fungal meningitis. C. tuberculous meningitis. D. viral meningitis.
fungal meningitis
Which of the following may be measured in CSF to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for multiple sclerosis? Lactate Glutamine Bilirubin Myelin basic protein
myelin basic protein
The finding of hemosiderin laden macrophage in a CSF sample indicates: Previous hemorrhage Traumatic tap Bacterial infection Viral infection
previous hemorrhage
An increased IgG index on a CSF specimen indicates A. Antibody response to bacteria B. Synthesis of IgG in the CNS C. Brain tumor D breach of the blood brain barrier
synthesis of IgG in the CNS
