UAFS PSYC 1163 - Chapter 1

Theme 1 asserts that psychology is empirical. What does empirical mean in this context?

Knowledge should be acquired through systematic observation and research.

Which movement in the field of psychology is focused on resilience, well-being, human strengths, and positive emotions?

Positive psychology

Isaiah is training his new puppy to sit on command. He often rewards the puppy with a treat when it follows his commands. Isaiah is using the principles of which school of thought?

Behaviorism

Chloe wanted to show Alice her new outfit for a party they were to attend. Alice initially told Chloe that her look was shameless but, seeing Alice's shocked expression, she immediately covered her mouth and explained that she meant to say that her look was seamless, not shameless. Alice apologized for misspeaking. What would Freud say about Alice's "slip of the tongue"?

Alice may not have consciously wanted to insult her friend, but her slip of the tongue revealed her true feelings.

Your friend Adijan wants to conduct a research study on motivation in humans. He plans to train young rats to run a maze in order to receive a reward at the end. You take a humanist approach and explain to Adijan that

Animal research will not yield data that applies to humans, as humans are very diverse.

What branch of psychology grew dramatically in the aftermath of World War 11

Clinical psychology

Which specialty in psychology works with individuals experiencing everyday problems, such as career or marriage issues?

Counseling

Globalization most directly impacted which field of psychology?

Cross-cultural psychology

A research team is comparing children who are 5 years old, 7 years old, 9 years old, and 11 years old in regard to their persistence on frustrating tasks. They are looking for age-related trends. Their work falls in the area of

Development psychology

During sleep, your brain rests.

False

Eyewitness testimony is always reliable.

False

If you're unsure of your answer while taking a test, it's best to stick with your initial hunch.

False

Among the following, which has likely contributed to the growth in cultural diversity in psychology?

Growing global interdependence

Ricardo, a psychologist, believes that his clients have an innate drive toward personal growth and fulfilling their potentials. It is likely that Ricardo is what type of psychologist?

Humanist

The careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious experience is known as

Introspection

Professor Highsmith is conducting a genetic mapping study to see whether she can identify specific genes that contribute to musical ability. This is an example of research in

Physiological psychology

Psychology's intellectual parents are philosophy and what other discipline?

Physiology

Dalani believes that most of the time people are unaware that seemingly overt behaviors are actually guided by unconscious motivation. Dalani's beliefs are most in line with which psychologist?

Sigmund Freud

Which early theorist emphasized the importance of unconscious thoughts and desires, as well as sexuality?

Sigmund Freud

Stella discloses to you that she has had a lot of stress with her job, and she has not been sleeping well at night. She adds that when she does sleep, she has disturbing dreams that she is being chased, or that she is falling. Using psychoanalytic thought, you determine that

Stella's stressors at work are at an unconscious level, which is being manifested in her dreams.

You believe that there is a strong correlation between what children are exposed to in their environment, such as what they watch on television and their gaming, and their levels of aggressive behaviors. Your study partner believes that aggressive behaviors are evolutionary and innate, and that environment has less of an influence than you think. This difference in beliefs between you and your partner may illustrate that

The explanation for behavior are multifaceted

William James is known for which of the following concepts or ideas?

The stream of consciousness

We experience stress even when good things happen to us.

True

Cognitive psychology research primarily focuses on

mental processes, such as memory and problem solving

Immediate contact between a mother and infant after birth is critical for bonding.

False

Individuals can learn information, such as the content for this course, while asleep.

False

Most people use only 10% of their brains.

False

Opposites attract: People tend to have relationships with individuals who differ from them in their personality, interests, and attitudes.

False

People's responses to inkblots tell us a great deal about their personalities and propensities toward mental disorders.

False

Subliminal messages can be used to persuade others to purchase products.

False

Which of the following BEST describes the role of a theory in psychology?

It is a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations.

Is psychology a science? Which of the above experts is right?

Jogalekar is absolutely right. Psychology is a social science, and that's different than a "real" science.

Which theorist launched behaviorism as a school of thought?

John B. Watson

To say that psychology is empirical means that its conclusions are based on

Direct observation

Zadok is working on his degree in psychology. He states that he would like to work diagnosing and treating psychological problems and disorders. In which branch of psychology would Zadok be working?

Clinical psychology

A study to determine whether mnemonic devices are effective in improving memory would fall in the area of ------ psychology.

Cognitive

The term cognition refers to

Mental processes involving in acquiring knowledge

You are talking to a psychologist who tells you that the field of psychology that they work in has historically devoted too much attention to pathologies and disorders. What branch of psychology does this person likely do research in?

Positive psychology

In recent decades online gambling has become very popular, and casinos have continued to be built all over the United States. The resultant growth in gambling behavior has led to increased psychological research on why people gamble and why some people develop an addiction to gambling. This sequence of events illustrates which of the text's themes?

Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.

Dr. Rodriguez conducts research on how certain cognitive styles foster depression. Dr. Choi is interested in how abnormalities in the brain may contribute to depression. Dr. Brooks is investigating whether stress can cause depression. Their different approaches to understanding depression illustrate which of the text's themes?

Psychology is theoretically diverse.

Which of the following statements best summarizes these results?

Psychology students at all levels have a lot of misconceptions about human behavior.

Which of the following is TRUE about psychology?

Since its inception, its focus, methods, and explanatory models have changed.

One who is interested in interpersonal relationships may be in what field of research?

Social psychology

Which research area focuses on interpersonal behavior, such as aggression, attraction, conformity, and prejudice?

Social psychology

Only 21 of the 33 introductory psychology students who completed the questionnaire at the start of the semester completed it again at the end of the semester. Why is this information important when interpreting the results? Select the best response.

Some or all of the "missing" students may have corrected their misconceptions during the class.

Which school of thought emerged through the leadership of Edward Titchener?

Structuralism

Which of the following statements is the best conclusion, based on these results?

Students have difficulty giving up false beliefs and misconceptions.

According to one of the text's themes, people's experience of the world is highly -----

Subjective

A strong proponent of the biological perspective would probably choose which of the following research questions?

Which brain structure are most related to language acquisition

The first research lab in psychology was set up in 1879 by

Wilhelm Wundt

Jack received two seatbelt violations in two months. Today, when you are in the car with Jack, you note that he now will not put his car into gear until he and any passengers in the car are wearing their seatbelts. Using a behaviorist approach, you infer that

the consequences of the citations caused Jack to make a concerted effort to change his behavior with regard to wearing his seatbelt.

In this table, the numbers in parentheses show:

the number of students who confidently believed the statement is true, even though it's false.