UARK MGMT CH 11 SB

The question "What are the chances of receiving various outcomes if I achieve my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

instrumentality

Who wrote the book The Human Side of Enterprise, which explores two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature?

Douglas McGregor

The outcomes of an equity comparison include which of the following?

Equity Positive inequity Negative inequity

Which of the following are included in Maslow's need hierarchy theory?

Esteem Needs Physiological Needs

Which of the following are included in Maslow's need hierarchy theory? Multiple select question.

Esteem Needs Physiological Needs

Which of the following paraphrases comparisons as used in equity theory?

How does my ratio of outputs to inputs compare with those of relevant others?

The activities that involve alteration of specific jobs or sets of interdependent jobs to improve employee experience and motivation are known as _________ ________

Job Design

Herzberg's theory states that there are ______ separate sets of factors that create satisfaction and dissatisfaction on the job.

2

Who formulated the theory that motivation is a function of five basic needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization?

Abraham Maslow

Who pioneered the use of equity theory in the workplace?

J. Stacy Adams

Which of the following are among the top-down approaches to job design?

Scientific management Job enlargement Job rotation

The title of Douglas McGregor's book, which formulated two contrasting views of human nature is:

The Human Side of Enterprise

What should individuals do if their current job is unfulfilling but they do not want to change jobs?

Try to incorporate job crafting or I-deals.

McClelland's theory, developed in the 1940s, proposed that employee behaviors are driven by three _______ needs.

acquired

David McClelland's theory about the drivers of employee behavior is the:

acquired needs theory

Select all of the characteristics that are influenced by motivation.

direction of behavior or thought intensity of behavior or thought persistence of behavior or thought

Kaya and Franklin just received their end-of-year bonuses. Kaya's bonus was 10% larger than Franklin's, but Kaya knows she regularly worked overtime while Franklin rarely did. Based on this equity comparison, which equity relationship is Kaya most likely to perceive?

positive inequity

The three acquired needs stated in McClelland's theory are the needs for achievement, affiliation, and

power

What are some recommended approaches for creating change when one's job is low on hygiene or motivating factors?

Ask for new work assignments. Change jobs. Talk with the manager.

An unfair social exchange, such as not being paid for overtime worked, is likely to do which of the following?

Cause cognitive dissonance in the employee. Motivate the employee to correct the situation. Lead to changes in the employee's attitude or behavior.

How can managers incorporate the principles of expectancy theory?

by linking performance to rewards that individual employees value

The theory that can be used to predict behavior in any situation where there is a choice between two or more alternatives is:

expectancy theory

Research has shown that setting ________ helps motivate individuals, teams, and organizations to achieve success.

goals

Job enlargement is also known as ___________ loading the job.

horizontal

What does equity theory explain?

how people strive for fairness in social exchanges how people strive for fairness in give-and-take relationships

Job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments are known as _________ deals.

idiosyncratic

The kind of management that sets standards established by facts gained from systematic observation, experiment, or reasoning is:

scientific management

The method of job design that draws from observation, experiments, and reasoning is _________ ________

scientific management

Which approach to job design often creates jobs that are very simple, repetitive, and boring?

scientific management

The top-down approaches to job design include:

scientific management the job characteristics model job enlargement

According to equity theory, people compare

their output-to-input ratio to that of relevant others.

Frederick Herzberg's theory states which of the following?

Managers can improve motivation by improving both motivators that create satisfaction and hygiene factors that reduce dissatisfaction. Job dissatisfaction is associated with hygiene factors Job satisfaction is associated with motivating factors.

Job crafting is the:

approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work

Needs are defined as physiological or psychological deficiencies that:

arouse behavior

Expectancy theory can be used to predict ________ in situations where there is a choice between two or more alternatives.

behavior

Advantages of designing jobs using job rotation include:

building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization

What motivates corrective action in equity theory?

cognitive dissonance

What are the key elements of equity theory?

comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs outputs inputs

Self-determination theory assumes that three innate needs—autonomy, _______ , and relatedness—drive our behavior.

competence

Self-determination theory assumes that our behavior and well-being are influenced by which innate needs?

competence relatedness autonomy

The theories that focus on identifying the factors that motivate employees are known as ______ theories.

content

The theories that focus on identifying internal factors that motivate people are _______ theories. The more dynamic theories that focus on explaining how internal and external factors motivate people are _____ theories.

content process

The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of how rewards are allocated is:

distributive justice

Which methods should managers use to determine the needs of their employees?

employee surveys one-on-one meetings

The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is job ________.

enlargement

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered outputs in Adams' Elements of _______ theory.

equity

Psychologist J. Stacy Adams first applied _______ theory in the workplace. (Enter one word in the blank.)

equity

Which process theory explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships?

equity theory

Which theory is based on comparing one's outputs and inputs with those of others?

equity theory

What are job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments?

idiosyncratic deals

In Adams' equity theory, knowledge, experience, education, and effort expended all are perceived as:

inputs

The form of organizational justice that reflects whether people are told the truth and treated with respect is:

interactional justice

The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as _________ __________

job crafting

Any set of activities that involve the alteration of specific job activities to improve the quality of employee job experience and motivation is called

job design

The top-down job design method that creates jobs that are very simplified and repetitive is scientific ___________

management

The psychological mechanisms that guide the direction, intensity, and persistence of one's behaviors or thoughts are known as:

motivation

Vroom's expectancy theory requires that all three of the elements must be high for ______ to be high.

motivation

Using Vroom's expectancy theory to predict motivation, it can be said that:

motivation will be high when all three elements are high

The acquired needs in McClelland's acquired needs theory include the:

need for achievement need for power

Hunger or thirst are examples of physiological deficiencies that arouse behavior known as ______.

needs

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered ______ in Adam's equity theory.

outputs

Equity theory uses a comparison of the ratio of _________ to ________.

outputs inputs

McClelland's theory states that employees are motivated by acquired needs that include the need for:

power affiliation achievement

Self-determination theory assumes that our behavior and well-being are influenced by which innate needs?

relatedness competence autonomy

The job design method that moves employees from one job to another is job __________

rotation

In equity theory, inputs can include:

skills and knowledge personality traits education

Scientific management designs jobs based on which of the following?

systematic observation experimentation reason

True or false: Research in more than 1000 different studies from a wide range of countries show that goal setting helps achieve success.

true

The question that asks "How much do I value the outcomes I will receive by achieving my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

valence