UNCC - SOCY 1101

Silent Spring, a book written in 1962 by Rachel Carson, led to the ______.

Ban of DDT

As a child and teenager Kevin was involved in the Congregational church, a Protestant denomination, that his parents were members of. As an adult, which of the following religious groups is Kevin most likely to convert to?

Baptist

What argument would you use to support a nationwide uniform funding system for public K-12 schools?

Basing school funding on real estate taxes provides and unfair advantage to wealthy neighborhoods and leads to vastly unequal expenditures

Why might America be so religious compared to other industrialized countries?

Because of the relative diversity of the United States

Bette was born in 1945. All her life she has been active in her church. As her family grew they all became active in church as well. She had two children, both boys, once born in 1960 and the other in 1964. She had a grandson in 1989. Which of the following is most likely true about Bette's family's religiosity?

Bette is more religious than her two children and her grandson because of her age cohort membership.

A researcher has formulated a clear research question that can be studied and that balances general and specific details. Also, the researcher does not know the answer to this question and cares about getting the answer. What else should the researcher consider to determine whether or not the question is good for a study?

Does the question connect to existing literature or studies?

You City Council is considering a non-loitering law. This regulation will ban sitting or lying on a public sidewalk within a 10-block business district downtown. In addition, the law also prohibits the sale of fortified wine in the same area. If this bill is passed, what would you expect to happen next?

Homeless individuals will move into the neighborhoods surrounding the ten-block business district

A sociologist observes a group of graffiti and notices that the group celebrates a finished piece of graffiti by pouring a little soda onto the graffiti. What question should the sociologist ask the graffiti artists in order to find out if this is an institution?

How long have graffiti artists celebrated finished graffiti in this way?

A student notices that his mother tends to clean more around the house than his father. What sort of sociological question could be based on this personal experience?

How much more time do women spend cleaning than men?

Symbolic interactionism focuses primarily on which aspect of social life?

How people interact and create shared meaning

Jackson joins the Marin Corps. Before going to basic training, Jackson thinks of himself as "American." Upon completing basic training, he says he is a "Marine." What does this change reveal?

How the institutions we are connected to can change our sense of identity

The change from homosexuality as deviant behavior to the acceptance of same-sex relationships supports ______ thoughts about labeling theory.

Howard Becker's

A sociologist wants to know the reasons some people break up with their romantic partners through e-mail and the reasons other people break up in person. Which of the following would be the most reliable way to conduct this research?

Observe people's real behaviors and interactions

Mei wants to learn about the different components of social structure. Which of the following research studies would best help her achieve this?

Observing how governmental laws influence wealthy and poor people differently

Which of the following is most likely an experiment conducted by ethnomethodologists?

Observing when people lower their eyes in conversations

Sharon and Bob are a married, middle-class, white couple. Sandra and Ken are a married, working-class, black couple. Of these four individuals, who would an epidemiologist most likely say will live the longest?

Sharon

A TNC from the European Union has decided to sell its products in Turkmenistan. Why is this unusual?

Turkmenistan is outside the European region

What might one conclude about the social class of the majority of home-schooling family situations?

Two-parent white families with higher incomes can afford to have a parent stay home to educate the children

What did the report carried out by George W. Bush's Council of Economic Advisers find?

U.S. citizens benefit from immigration

Some social theories are macro in nature and seek to explain _____.

Universal features of societies

How did urbanization lead to the development of sociology?

Urbanization caused various social problems, and people wanted to study these problems

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between norms and sanctions?

Violating social norms is likely to result in informal sanctions

Which is true of the gender disparity among people earning college degrees in the United States?

Women receive more college degrees than men

Which of the following people would have the most difficulty getting hired for a job?

a black man with a prison record

In order to persist, an organization needs _____.

a bureaucracy

Splitting a research group arbitrarily into two smaller groups is an example of ______.

a random assignment experiment

The European Union trades primarily with its member countries. Latin America trades primarily with its own countries. From this we may conclude that globalization is in fact _________.

a regional phenomenon

A monarch dies and several rivals begin to fight for the thrown. Now is the perfect time for _____

a revolution

What type of organization is also a social institution?

a school

In the attempt to convert to global cities, local governments have caused _____.

a shift in focus from local citizens to global businesses

According to the one-dimensional view of power, ______.

a single person or group will always prevail in any power struggle

Imagine you are entering an elevator full of other people. When you step in you most likely turn around to face the door like everyone else. This behavior is an example of which sociological concept?

a social norm

Describing the Japanese as frugal is an example of _____.

a stereotype

Jane lives in a large city with an international airport and many companies involved in international finance and technology. What implications would you expect to see in her city?

a strong connection between the local conditions and the global networks of the firms

A particular group of young people always dresses in black. The women wear heavy, pale makeup, and the men have multiple piercings. They are devoted to discussing and creating art and music about death. This group is _____.

a subculture

In appraising the issue of campaign contributions, we find that even those candidates with the best reputations accept large amounts of money from wealthy groups with specific political interests. Why is this so?

a successful campaign is very costly

What does the New Immigrant Survey offer?

a systematic study of assimilation data

A person who is raised in Sweden and then moves to Japan and takes on the customs and behaviors of Japanese people is a person who has _____.

assimilated

The relationship between two variables that change together is called a(n) _____.

association

Which movement could be classified as a current attempt to regulate mortality?

banning gay marriage

The Hispanic equivalent of the black ghettos is known as _____.

barrios

You do not have time to rally the entire city, but you do want to encourage the local government to make some changes to land-use policy. What group will probably be most influential in helping you to convince the local government to make the changes you want?

business people

How did some U.S. states attract immigrants in the first immigration era?

by advertising that immigrants could vote in federal, state, and local elections without naturalizing

A conclusion about how one factor can result in a change in another factor is known as a _____.

causal inference

Emilio is reviewing the data he collected from historical records about immigration in the United States. He decides to organize the data by the country the immigrants came from, such as Ireland, Italy, and Russia. Based on this description, you can tell that Emilio is _____.

data coding

When researchers organize the data according to key categories and concepts, they are _____.

data coding

After completing a study on the elderly and the costs of healthcare, a sociologist notices a pattern. The sociologist notices that the cost of prescription medications increases as the age of the elderly person increases. This pattern became easily noticeable after the sociologist constructed a _____.

data display

Zane's recruits for his social movement are mostly young people who like the idea of protesting, but are not especially devoted to a cause. The group did not achieve their goal. What did they probably lack?

decisive collective action

Millard worked at the same job for thirty years. He had full-time hours, double pay for overtime, and is now living on a generous pension. His son has a part-time job with no perks or pension and is just barely getting by. The _____ probably caused this disparity.

decline of the unions

Economic development will most likely _____ infant mortality rates.

decrease

If a country experiences a(n) ______ in fertility, we could expect there to be _______ available jobs for future generations in that country.

decrease; a surplus of

Collin is a researcher who has dedicated his career to tracking the spread of HIV among populations in Africa. What field of study would Collin most likely identify with?

epidemiology

Imagine you are reading the Sunday newspaper and come across a headline that says "diabetes increases among Hispanic children." Which of the following terms best describes the study this headline is referring to?

epidemiology

Which of the following is the opposite of cultural relativism?

ethnocentrism

The impact of having a stereotypically "black name" when applying for a job is most harmful at which level?

executive work

An institutional review board at a university has evaluated a particular research study and submitted a request to the researcher requiring that she have all participants sign a document stating that they agree to participate in the study. This IRB is focusing on _____.

informed consent

At the start of his doctor appointment Joe talks with a nurse practitioner for several minutes about the procedure they will perform on him that day. The nurse explains the procedure, asks Joe if he has any questions, and then asks him to sign a piece of paper indicating that he understands what is happening with his treatment, that he had the opportunity to ask questions about it, that all of his questions were answered, and that he agrees to the procedure. What is the medical term for this practice?

informed consent

The _______ saw many significant breakthroughs in medical science, such as the development of vaccinations for anthrax and rabies

late 1800s

A worker for a large company finds out that the company has recently begun to eliminate many perks for employees that once existed. Most specifically, the company has eliminated the hefty pension plan for employees who retire. This company is attempting to promote _____.

lean production

Comparing what globalization is supposed to do with what it actually does do, we see that globalization provides some jobs and benefits, but it ________.

leaves a lot of people behind

Normative isomorphism results from pressure on an organization's _____.

legitimacy

A group of foreign investors puts capital into a factory in China and makes money on it. Foreign direct investment (FDI) of this kind is ______.

less common than domestic investment

Generally, historically black churches emphasize what type of theology?

liberation theology

Which of the following is a group that is included in a "beige majority"?

light-skinned Latinos

Which of these would be the most likely result of living in an ethnic enclave?

limited job opportunities

It is possible that someone who is working poor also _____.

lives in relative poverty

Data collected over a long period, such as many years, is called _____.

longitudinal data

A restaurant owner makes a rule: Every employee must perform his or her own duties and no others. The manager of one location knows that this is impossible during a busy rush, so she does not enforce the rule. This is an advantage of ______.

loose coupling

Modern trade began with ______.

loss of access to land

The blurring of gender roles in domestic relationships has led to a greater emphasis on _____ in modern marriages.

love and companionship

Victor is a naturalized citizen of the United States. He wants to get an education, vote, do his best at a corporate job, marry, and have children. Victor wants to participate in _____.

mainstream culture

Repression may destroy a rebel movement or it may ____

make it stronger

Based on her data, Tamara infers that children from higher income families are more likely to receive tutoring. She wants to make the general claim that children from higher income families tend to receive more school support. This is an example of _____.

making a generalization

As part of a study, a sociologist observes a group of people. Then the sociologist applies the gathered data toward a broader theory of human behavior. This is called _____.

making a theoretical generalization

Sherman is not sure what he believes in regarding gay marriage. He goes to a rally, talks to the people there, and listens to what they have to say. When he comes away, he has made up his mind. Relating to a social movement helped Sherman connect with his ____.

moral sensibilities

Tasha believes that killing animals is wrong and often holds demonstrations outside animal testing facilities. Tasha's motivation is her ______

moral sensibility

Mariah and Lacey are friends who are the same age and who live in the same neighborhood. Mariah attends a boarding school during the school year and Lacey attends her local public school. Mariah might have better soft skills because she has ______.

more frequent and intense contact with adults

In recent years, social movements have become ____________.

more global

Between the 1960s and 2012, the top 1 percent of families in the United States earned _____.

more income

Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between inequality and mobility?

more inequality indicates less mobility

Comparing the U.S. political system with those of other Western countries indicates that _____ would lead to a wider distribution of power in the government.

more political parties

Deviance and control always constitute a paired relationship, and it is always the ______ who determine what is normal and what is deviant.

more powerful

A group of politically motivated participants petitions the government to change a law they believe to be unfair. Another group, living under an oppressive regime, secretly gathers followers until they have enough power to confront their oppressors. The difference between these two groups is the difference between _____ paradigms

political and cultural

In high school Jordan studied Greek mythology. His class learned about gods, goddesses, and other divine figures prominent in the belief system, including Hades, Aphrodite, Zeus, and Hera. What type of religion is this?

polytheistic

Ghettos refer to _____.

poor, racially segregated neighborhoods

If a demographer is tracking fertility, mortality, and migration he is studying ______.

population dynamics

Of those listed below, ______ is the most relevant demography concept to describe population dynamics in the U.S. population today.

population momentum

What is one cause of continued population growth in nations that have reached the posttransitional period?

population momentum

Cultural democracy is a(n) _____ view of modern culture.

positive

There is a(n) ______ relationship between education and health outcomes

positive

Dr. Glen is a demographer studying the population dynamics of countries that go through the first demographic transition. In her recent analyses of population change, she finds that Country X has low rates of both fertility and mortality. What transition phase would Dr. Glen most likely classify this country as?

posttransition

Ultimately, when wondering why and how behaviors are punished, it comes down to ______.

power

Regulating moral behavior has been closely connected to the interests of the _______ and in maintaining _______

powerful; social order

A(n) ______ is an organized association of workers created in order to protect and fight for members' rights and resources.

union

Randy has never spoken to his classmate Sofia, but during a class break he rushes up to her and loudly begs her to go out with him. Randy has never mastered the _____ of social interaction.

unspoken rules

Palermo Soho, a fashionable neighborhood in Buenos Aires, is known as a(n) _____ where the global elite can shop and eat isolated from the poor and even middle class.

urban glamour zone

A sociologist supports marriage equality, and he decides to conduct a research project on marriage laws in each state. His support of marriage equality could also be called his _____.

values

Cities that have emerged from the process of urbanization driven by industrialization are _____ those that were present before the age of industry.

very different from

An immigrant who is looking for a job or moving to a new residence may be asked for an authorized entry document, called a(n) _______.

visa

If a buyer has no rational-choice perspective in a transaction, he should probably _____ the item.

wait to buy

To buy morphine in 1899, one had to ______.

walk into a pharmacy and purchase it without a prescription

The tragedy at Love Canal involved which environmental problem?

waste management

The Affordable Care Act; Medicare; and Medicaid are all ______.

ways the government is involved in healthcare in the United States

Even though the Affordable Care Act has opened access to health insurance to many Americans that previously were not insured, the Act is still arguably ______ than healthcare systems found in other developed nations.

weaker

Racial groupings in West Africa are mainly based on ______.

whether one has noble ancestry

Which distribution would be most important legally and politically throughout U.S. history?

whether one is white or Asian

The wave of European immigrants to the United States in the late 1800s changed the definition of who is ____.

white

The San Fernando Valley became a popular destination suburb as a result of _____.

white flight

An auto manufacturer has knowledge that a vehicle is dangerous and does not recall those vehicles. This is an example of _____

white-collar crime

A government must divide its resources, which means that it must establish _____.

who gets what

Europeans who came to North America to settle typically saw the landscape as _____.

wild and untamed

The field of anthropology first focused on the study of ______ societies.

preindustrial

Which of the following aspects of racism tends to be applied most broadly?

prejudices

Patrick and his family recently moved overseas. When shopping for furniture for their new home Patrick and his wife realized that the price of furniture in their new country was about the same as it was back home. Which of the following concepts best describes this phenomenon?

price convergence

The American Medical Association strategically used _______ to undermine practices such as _______.

professionalism; homeopathy

In an early attempt to _____ their craft physicians formed ______ in 1847.

professionalize; the American Medical Association

Which situation would be similar to the intent of the Boyle Act of 1904?

prohibiting the use of aspirin

In Europe, power is distributed among several political parties through ______.

proportional representation

Local services such as garbage collection are aimed to improve which of the following?

public health

Improvements in ______ would most likely __________ a country's infant mortality rate

public health; decrease

A sociologist plans to conduct a study that involves observing families interacting at the zoo. The sociologist documents all of her observations, takes photos of the families, and writes down descriptions of what she sees. This study illustrates _____.

qualitative research

_____ relies on the statistical analysis of data.

quantitative research

Which factor most significantly indicates whether or not someone will live next to a toxic waste facility?

race

Prior to the work of theorists like W. E. B. Du Bois, it was believed that _____ was the result of biological differences between groups of people.

racial inequality

The legacy of ______ helps explain health disparities between races

racism

Hiram has always wanted to sell his products in other markets besides his local Illinois town. The first time he saw a ________, he knew he would be able to begin selling his products across the country.

railroad train

The results of _____ show that _____ impact(s) behavior.

random-assignment experiments; gendered stereotypes

Ron goes to a music store to buy a drum set. With the help of the store manager he selects the set that is best for his situation. This is an example of the _____ in markets.

rational-choice perspective

Which of the following is an asset of wealth?

real estate

A familistic approach to social policy aims to ______.

recreate the traditional family

In 1948, Michael and Janet, an African American couple with two incomes and no children, were trying to buy their dream house in the suburbs. They had good income and very good credit; however, the bank turned down the request for a mortgage. They tried to get a loan for a home in the predominantly black neighborhood they grew up in and were denied a loan. According to the textbook, what best describes this situation?

redlining

All individuals associate themselves with _____, or groups of people who share similar preferences or social positions.

reference groups

A cultural social movements theorist would be most interested in which of the following groups in regards to their involvement in social movements?

registered voters

Societies punish offenders for four basic reasons: (1) to exact retribution; (2) to deter offenders; (3) to incapacitate or prevent offenders from committing further crimes; and (4) to ______ offenders.

rehabilitate

Ken is a sociologist interested in studying religion among American young adults. Specifically, he is interested in understanding the importance of religions in his cohorts' lives. Which of the following concepts would Ken most likely use to frame his research?

religiosity

How Americans plan for retirement has changed significantly since the 1950s. Back then, workers could _____, but today workers _____ to afford retirement.

rely on a pension from their employer; must rely on personal savings

Sending money home to the native country is an example of a ______

remittance

Jose is working as a migrant worker in the United States. Every payday he goes to his local grocery store and wires 50 percent of his paycheck to Mexico to his mother to help her care for his younger siblings. This type of financial assistance is known as _____.

remittances

The sociological definition views markets as _____.

repeated interactions

Lengthier versions of research notes are known as _____.

research memos

Which of the following pairs of social characteristics is arguably most important in explaining segregation in American churches?

residence and social status

Tyler has a social cause in mind and speaks to his rabbi about the temple sponsoring his group. The rabbi agrees. Tyler's actions can be identified as the _____.

resource mobilization approach

Into which of the following categories would you place the death penalty?

retribution

A _______ seeks to overthrow a government

revolutionary movement

In the United States mortality and fertility are about even. In Japan mortality is higher than fertility. This is a typical population pattern in _____ countries.

rich

The president of the Maldives held a conference underwater in order to draw attention to what issue?

rising sea level

The rules and expectations that are associated with different positions are known as a person's _____.

role

Which of these regulations specifically targets the illegitimate use of power?

rules against insider trading

Which of the following is an example of the fact that procreation is no longer always a useful tool in defining chosen families?

same-sex relationships

The level of _____ in a job is connected to the level of autonomy.

satisfaction

An irreligious person would be most likely to join a new religious movement in order to ______.

satisfy a desire for spiritual connection

When a fire broke out in a garment factory in 1911, 147 seamstresses died because their managers had locked the doors to the stairwells and the exits in an effort to prevent the workers from stealing and taking unauthorized breaks. One could say that this tragedy was a result of _____.

scientific management

Which group of immigrant children will become the most accomplished citizens?

second generation

A country with a replacement fertility rate will ______.

see no change in its population size

Instead of the traditional route of upward mobility as a way to achieve assimilation, immigrants, now follow a variety of different pathways. Sociologists call this _____.

segmented assimilation

In the World War II era, skilled Jewish-German scientists wanted very much to go to the United States to save their lives and do their work. The ______ on these skills was positive.

selection

Weber's theory of the need for hierarchy in bureaucracy fails to take into account _____.

self-interest

To escape Country X's civil war and famine, those who have the courage frequently slip across the border to find a new place to live. In regard to immigration, Country X is a _____ country.

sending

According to feminist theory, there is an empirical difference between an individual's _____ and _____.

sex; gender

Which of the following is a part of the cultural took kit of Western culture?

shaking hands as a greeting

Statistics show that life expectancy at birth for Americans is ____ than it is for most Europeans.

shorter

Ron decides to go to the same college as his best friend Ken. Which of the following sociological terms best describes the nature of Ron and Ken's relationship?

significant other

If a revolutionary leader wants to speed up the time until his plans come to fruition, he might a organize a(n) _____.

spontaneous riot

Which of the following is an example of the most extreme form of maintaining power by misleading?

spreading propaganda

Adjusting for cost of living, earnings for middle-class men in the past 40 years have ______.

stagnated

The _____ consists of all government officials, bureaucracies, and institutions.

state

Policies and actions carried out by government officials in their official capacities are known as _____

state deviance

A sociologist would consider the titles of doctor, professor, or president as ______ and parent, employee, or student as _____.

statuses; roles

Imagine you are a sociologist studying poverty in society. As a result of your research, you conclude that many jobs are created for individuals in society due to other people being in poverty. For example, there are vast numbers of social workers and nonprofit and government employees who all have jobs to help people in poverty, all of which would be eliminated if poverty itself were eradicated. Which theoretical framework could best help you explain this conclusion?

structural functionalism

Organisms and organizations survive if their _____ adapts to the environment.

structure

Jennifer is studying the effects of nutrition on student performance in school. She researches a group of students and finds that students who miss breakfast often do poorly during the school day. What is the dependent variable in this scenario?

student school performance

According to Max Weber, the definition of ethnicity is more ______ than that of race.

subjective

In a symbolic interactionist framework, physical, social, and abstract objects are all potential _____.

subjects of interpretation

Given the types and distribution of power discussed, it makes sense that the media seldom report stories on the plight of the poor and disadvantaged because _____.

such stories do not appeal to advertisers

Anthropocentrism is the belief that humans are _____.

superior to the natural world

A group of questions asked to a large group of people is called a(n) _____.

survey

If Steve Jobs had not provided an organizational structure for Apple computers, the company might not have _____.

survived its own growth

Sonjia is 14 years old and lives in Mexico. She goes to work every day in a garment factory where she works 10-hour days and earns approximately 60 cents per hour for her work. She gets on 20-minute, unpaid lunch break halfway through her shift and no work-related benefits. Which of the following best characterizes Sonjia's work life?

sweatshop conditions

Because the ritual of cockfighting bestows social status, it can be regarded as a(n) _____.

symbol

Jorge started an immigrants' rights group and recruited some members. However, they did not want to stage a protest for fear of getting arrested. Instead, Jorge asked his members to go on Twitter and encourage an email campaign. Jorge was using his ______.

tactical skills

After the disruption of trade caused by the Great Depression, reglobalization was almost derailed by _______.

tariffs

Without _______, globalization would probably have remained steady, even after the Depression.

tariffs and capital controls

Besides low-cost labor, what is another reason why a manufacturer might consider outsourcing?

tax breaks

Which of the following primary sources have researchers used to determine income since 1917?

tax returns

The arrival of _____ has been a major factor in the increasing specialization of labor.

technology

Where did Marx and Engels see the internal structure of society as having its roots?

technology and the ability to harness resources

What influential imagery did Adam Smith describe in his famous work, The Wealth of Nations?

the "invisible hand" of the free market, controlling all business

One point of view says that mainstream culture should be fought and undermined at every turn. The other says that some kind of shared culture is necessary for stability. What is being compared?

the "progressive" and "orthodox" positions

What helped middle class blacks leave the urban ghettos?

the 1968 Fair Housing Act

At what point did the income difference between white and nonwhite families stagnate, ceasing to become more level?

the 1970s

Shortly after she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer, Terry's husband lost his job and his medical benefits, which covered the cost of medical care for his entire family. When shopping for other insurance Terry found herself extremely frustrated when insurance companies wouldn't cover her or her family because they considered her cancer a pre-existing medical condition. What piece of legislation now prevents insurance companies from discriminating against patients with pre-existing conditions?

the Affordable Care Act

The official name of "Obamacare" is _____.

the Affordable Care Act

Which of the following groups conducts the annual survey of the homeless population in the United States?

the Department of Housing and Urban Development

Twenty percent of the transnational phone calls coming into the Bronx, New York originated in _____.

the Dominican Republic

In 1946, Janet's grandfather, an African American, moved from a rural area in Alabama to Detroit. This example of urbanization is best known as ______.

the Great Migration

What system did Max Weber call one of the most logically consistent theodicies ever invented?

the Hindu caste system

What ushered in the fourth immigration era?

the Immigration Act of 1965

An organization formed to clean up local waterways has nearly completed its job. Its founders hope to expand to include cleaning up the ocean. This parallels _____ as an example of organization persistence.

the March of Dimes

European, African, and East Asian ancestries are generally the focus of genetic genealogy firms in _____.

the United States

Individualistic opportunity is the defining quality of which country's approach to family politics?

the United States

Which country has the largest population of prisoners per capita?

the United States

Which country is number one in terms of immigrants sending remittances?

the United States

The opposite of the ISI is _______.

the Washington Consensus

A group of city residents is frustrated that so many firehouses are being closed around the city. This group wants the firehouse in their neighborhood left open. They protest in front of city hall, write letters, and collect signatures. Eventually, they convince the city to leave the firehouse in their neighborhood open, even though the city continues to close other firehouses. This group illustrates _____.

the ability for interest groups to influence society

What did Chicago sociologists in the early 1900s refer to as "the natural habitat of civilized man"?

the city

From a very young age, a child is told that he is good at sports by his parents. As he gets older, he tries out for many different sporting teams, spends time practicing, and wins many awards. This scenario illustrates _____.

the concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy

The many successes of the civil rights movement in the 1960s illustrate that _____.

the powerful do not always win

In a study of social life; one sociologist compares a group of people discussing their opinions about general social issues to a group of people exploring similar interests online. What is being compared here?

the public sphere and the networked public

The coffee shop is one example of a place where one could observe _____ and _____ in action.

the public sphere; the networked public

Which of the following illustrates the dichotomy between what Americans want and what they are willing to pay for?

the repeal of the estate tax

Because sociologists understand _____ as a social phenomenon, how we _____ individuals can have unintended consequences.

the self; label

According to sociologists, _____ is developed through social interaction and the concept of _____ helps describe a way that we develop this.

the self; the looking-glass self

William is a census taker in the mid-1800s. Who is he least likely to include in his enumeration efforts?

the slaves owned by a neighbor

Sociologists refer to the range of government and legal branches, including agencies and offices of the government, law-making bodies, the legal system, the military, and even the Constitution, as _____.

the state

An onset of industrialization results in which part of the S-curve model conceived by Kingsley Davis?

the steep upward slope of the S-curve

Someone who sells all of the apples in an orchard, using up the available seeds and making it impossible to replant the orchard, provides an example of _____.

the treadmill of production

The mayor of a local government does not want to deal with cleaning up a local waste dump, so he constantly puts off dealing with the protestors who live near the dump. This is an example _______.

the two-dimensional view of power

The ideas we tend to have about how sex and gender "go together" is most directly challenged by the existence of _____.

transgendered people

What is being contrasted in the assembly-line approach vs. the team effort approach?

twentieth-century work organization vs. twenty-first-century work organization

Which example best demonstrates "fortress of exclusion" as explained by Mike Davis?

uncomfortable benches

People _____ are most likely to live in poverty in the United States.

under the age of 18

Social movements keep societies from ____.

endlessly reproducing themselves

Before the ______ most families had many children and they did so out of necessity to survive.

Industrial Revolution

The sociological theories of Marx are focused primarily on _____.

inequality in economic systems

What is one reason for tension increasing in an age of globalization?

polarization of urban labor markets

In the 1800s, the United States went through a period where there was a pronounced growth in factories known as _____.

Industrialization

According to the theories of Karl Marx, capitalism, feudalism, and communism are all examples of _____.

modes of production

While unification of families and helping the poor are the stated goals of the immigration process, in reality, it seems to be about ________.

money

How would you explain the difference in access to education in the world?

School access varies widely, sometimes with large differences by gender, class, and race

In what way does sex between people in relationships differ from sex during a first-time hookup?

Sex in a relationship is more likely to include orgasm

Which country has the highest level of support for fathers taking parental leave?

Sweden

Social theories are _____.

Systematic ideas that help explain the relationship between individuals and society

Which sociological theorist is primarily associated with the development of structural functionalism?

Talcott Parons

A population has completed its first demographic transition. What do the stylized facts characterizing the first demographic transition indicate will happen to the number of people in this group as time goes on?

It will stay the same or decline

Mass economic crises were the trigger for most of the Arab spring revolutions. Is it likely that the economic crisis in the United States will also cause a revolution?

No. A democracy has never been overthrown.

The ______ theory holds that it is in the best interests of government to support businesses that create jobs and produce economic growth.

business confidence

It is well documented that many of the _____ can shield much, if not all, of their earnings from _____.

"1 percent" taxation

Clifford is recovering from a stroke, but will have some permanent speech and movement disability. Is Clifford eligible for hospice care?

No. One must be terminally ill for hospice care.

A contemporary sociologist is asked to express his viewpoint about social structure and individuals. Which of the following statements is the contemporary sociologist most likely to say?

"Life is a balance between an individual's free will and society's deeply ingrained structure."

Jennifer is a new student in sociology. She is having trouble in her theory class because none of the theories she is learning about seem to say the same things about society. As a more experience sociology student, what might you say to Jennifer to help her understand why this is the case?

"Sociology has multiple and competing theories and most sociologists draw on more than one at a time to make sense of their work."

Mrs. Rodriguez is giving her students a required test. This test will determine which students move to the next grade and will also determine if Mrs. Rodriguez gets a pay increase. This type of test is known as ______ testing.

"high-stakes" achievement

Religion is a potent marker of ________.

"us versus them"

Given two people earning $10/hour, one person earning $15/hour, and two people earning $20/hour, what is the median pay rate being earned?

$15/hour

Currently, federal minimum wage is how much per hour?

$7.25

What association is attributed to a situation in which perfect social immobility exists?

1

The civil rights movement used mostly peaceful protest tactics and achieved most of its goals. What does this say about the use of tactics in social movements?

Nonviolent groups are more likely to succeed

In Marxism, the distinction between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat was the defining quality of which of the following types of society?

capitalist

When conducting an occupational sex segregation study, which number would sociologists use to indicate an occupation is completely segregated?

100

More than _____ percent of the individuals who married in 2010 were newly wedded to someone of a different race or ethnicity.

15

Until the late ______ women interested in the medical field were encouraged to become nurses instead of doctors

1970s

The launch of the Temperance Movement occurred in _____.

1973

In what year did the U.S. federal government mandate the building of a mammoth fence between the United States and Mexico?

1994

Of children raised in intact homes, what ratio believed it would have been a positive change had their parents divorced?

2 out of 5

Despite government opposition, approximately how many Hindus descended on a mosque in India and razed it?

200,000

In 2010, the United Nations estimated that approximately ______ people lived in a nation different from the one in which they were born.

214 million

How many themes do sociological theories have in common?

3

Almost _____ percent of married mothers with children under the age of one years are employed.

55

In 2012, women earned ______ percent of bachelor's degrees in the United States.

57

What percentage of PhD scientists working in the United States were born abroad?

40 percent

Approximately _____ percent of school funding comes from local sources.

44

What is the average gain in earnings from the last job abroad to the first in the United States for men and women?

68 percent for men; 62 percent for women

Approximately ______ percent of all private high school students attend Catholic school.

75

Within three months of the WCTU pray-in in December 1873, taverns closed in over ______ communities.

75

Which of the following uses explicit awareness of race in order to promote equality?

Affirmative action

Which of the following best exemplifies how self-understanding can be influenced by others' reactions?

A child feels good about a test score after receiving a hug from a parent

Which of the following statements accurately relates race and contemporary political participation?

A large percentage of African Americans are not allowed to vote because of felony records

Rupert Murdoch, owner of one of the world's largest media conglomerates, is best characterized as _____.

A member of the bourgeoisie

Which of the following is an example of an individual experiencing discrimination?

A new student, wearing worn-out clothing, is not allowed to sit at a table by students who wear expensive clothing

Which of the following describes how social structures are most likely to change?

A part of a social structure might change gradually and over time

Sociologist C. Wright Mills suggested that the sociological imagination is a concept that lets us think systematically about the relationship between the personal and the social. How might you apply your sociological imagination to understand how the personal issue of unemployment is tied to greater social issues in the world?

A person will face unemployment due to the recent recession, which resulted in fewer available job openings for job seekers in their field

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between data analysis and research?

A qualitative sociologist is likely to organize her primary data into key categories and concepts

Which of the following illustrates a researcher obtaining informed consent?

A researcher describes the risks and benefits of participating in a study before enrolling the subject

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between individuals and social institutions?

A role is a position within an institution or organization that comes with specific social expectations for how to behave and be treated

Which of the following best explains the relationship between a sociological imagination and stereotypes?

A sociological imagination challenges stereotypes by raising questions about where they come from

Which of the following is an example of a study a sociologist would conduct in the field of ethnomethodology?

A study of how people of different genders talk to one another

Which of the following correctly defines the term "sampling"?

A technique to define what or whom to include in a study

Some sociologists think of the social structure of society as like a multi-floor building. Which of the following could be another way to think of social structure?

A video game with increasing levels

What is the relationship of a war to a revolution?

A war can lead to a revolution

A patrilocal society is likely to include _____.

A wife who lives with her husband's parents

Which of the following best highlights the relationship between social class and an individual's life chances?

A woman is less likely to get promoted to a position that pays a higher salary than a man

In which example is a person with nonwhite ancestry most likely to be considered white by the dominant class?

Aboriginal people in Australia

Which of the following is an example of "soft" affirmative action?

Advertisements recruiting racial minorities to colleges

"What is good for General Motors is good for America." What does this imply?

All Americans benefit from policies that make GM more profitable

In recent decades, which group has realized an increase in their rates of birth outside of marriage?

All groups in American society

Which of the following is a true statement about social structures?

All societies have a form of social structure

Sociologists can ask a broad array of questions. Which of the following best identifies what these sociological questions have in common?

All sociological questions consider how social contexts matter

Alycia was raised by a wealthy family, whereas Brandi was raised by a family in poverty. According to sociologists, how will their lives most likely be different?

Alycia will receive more life chances than Brandi

Winona is a Native American of Sioux origin. What race would she enter in her 2010 census document?

American Indian

Because of workers in Mexico and the Caribbean, _______.

American clothing is less expensive

Immigrants have come to the United States from many different countries; in recent years many immigrants have come from Mexico. If the Mexican American population continues to grow in the United States, which of the following is most likely to happen?

Americans may feel threatened and may exclude Mexican Americans by active discrimination

How could an emoticon, such as :-), help during an e-mail conversation?

An emoticon can indicate the feeling of the person writing the e-mail

Which of the following is the best definition of the term "institution"?

An important practice that society has followed for a long time

Which of the following is an example of one-dimensional power?

An opponent blackmails a candidate into dropping out of the race

Which of the following statements best represents the relationship between social norms and the norm of engagement

An unwritten North American rule is to always be engaged with some object or person

According to sociologists, what is a main difference between how people express anger and how people express joy?

Angry people are likely to take turns yelling, whereas joyful people are likely to laugh at the same time

Why do many middle-class African Americans work in the government sector?

Antidiscrimination laws are more easily enforced there

Which question would be more effective to ask to determine what track a student is on?

Are you taking honors or AP courses?

Which group has the highest rate of educational attainment in the United States?

Asian Americans

A sociological imagination requires that we look at the world around us and _____.

Ask deep and meaningful questions

Polygamy is illegal in the United States. Using the ideas of Howard Becker, what conclusions can you draw?

At one time polygamy was probably considered normal or legal, then at some point attitudes changed and a social construct that said polygamy was deviant was created

Why was America's early commitment to religious pluralism so important and so unique?

At the time, church and state were not separated in most other countries

Who coined the term "sociology"?

Auguste Comte

Conversational precision refers to _____.

Body language cues and brief pauses that people use in their conversations

Which of the following is an example of an egalitarian relationship?

Both parents work part-time jobs and spend equal time caring for children

Muslim girls and boys are valued differently. How is this evident early on in their lives?

Boys are trained to memorize the Koran and girls are not

One reason social structures are likely to persist is simply because there is often _____ existing roles/hierarchies and norms/institutions.

Broad public support for

What is a distinction between the Bronzeville-era black communities and the desolate violent black ghetto of the 1980s?

Bronzeville-era communities had different segments of the black community living, working, and playing in close proximity

What is most commonly believed to be a primary cause of the greenhouse effect?

CO2 emissions

Which of the following statements best highlights the relationship between social roles and playing games?

Children may play games that include role playing. By practicing to be adults, these children are learning their assigned roles.

Bik, a 19-year old woman, recently migrated from her inland rural village to an urban center near the coast in her country to work in a technology assembly factory. The company she plans to work for has a dormitory where she plans to live until she can afford a place of her own in the city. What country does Bik most likely live in?

China

Imagine a situation where a man is born poor, works hard, and becomes wealthy. However, he seldom associates with wealthy people because he cannot catch on to their manners. This illustrates that _____.

Class is reproduced not only through the money you have but through the culture you practice

A sociologist wants to find out personal details about her participants' married life. Which of the following types of data collection methods is the most appropriate?

Conduct in-depth interviews

Which of the following is the best example of a causal inference?

Confusing voter registration laws result in some voters not knowing how to register

Why is it problematic to assume purchasing healthcare is similar to making decisions about other consumer purchases, such as buying a plan ticket or household appliance?

Consumers don't have has much information available to them about the medical professions as they do for other "commodities"

Choose the best explanation for why American students do not score better on international tests of achievement when compared to other countries.

Countries with high levels of social-class inequality tend to do worse on international tests

Victoria wants to run her own business. Jonathan hopes to be hired by a large firm. Which is true about credentials?

Credentials are probably more important for Jonathan

A good sociological question will help a researcher do more than make generalizations about people. Which of the following is a good sociological question?

Does being born into poverty increase the chances that a person will stay in poverty?

Which of the following best describes the means by which the less powerful gain access to policy formation?

Developing efficient social movements

A sociologist observes a family of immigrants in their new country and notices how the family eats dinner outside every night to celebrate during a special religious period. What question should the sociologist ask the immigrant family in order to find out if this is an example of socialization?

Did you celebrate the religious period in the same way in your old country?

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between discrimination and subordinate groups?

Discrimination maintains social hierarchies

A teenager notices that he prefers action movies, whereas his sister prefers to watch comedies. What sort of sociological question could be based on his teenager's personal experience?

Do more men than women prefer action movies?

Which question about the Chinese factory workers is asked from a top-down perspective?

Do they contribute to the growth of global industry

Which of the following questions asks a person to identify his or her social identity?

Do you practice a religion, and if so, what religion?

What is one negative consequence of malpractice lawsuits for physicians practicing medicine?

Doctors sometimes experience fear about mistreating patients and will order unnecessary tests to "cover their bases"

Select the description that is closest to what Howard Becker might conclude about mass incarceration?

Drug use evolved over time to form a social construct to label drug users as deviants, which has overloaded prisons

Which of the following is true about social-class backgrounds and education?

Educational background for members of the middle class may have less of a pay-off than it does for members of the upper class

Edward is introduced to Jessah and intends to kiss Jessah's cheek in greeting. Inadvertently, Edward ends up kissing Jessah's nose. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based on this scenario?

Edward's mistake was a violation of social norms

In developing countries, providing ____ education to everyone is the most effective approach to economic development.

Elementary

What is the difference between empirical generalizability and theoretical generalizability?

Empirical generalizability means research results can be applied to a larger population, whereas theoretical generalizability means research results can be applied to larger processes

Using allocation theory, how might one explain the pay gap between high school and college graduates?

Employers believe that education gives one the desired abilities and attitudes needed for a job

Why is it common for garment firms in Mexico to hire mostly women?

Employers believe women are a more manageable labor force than men

Why was England's percentage of international trade greater at the turn of the twentieth century than it is now?

England traded in and among its colonies

Why are Europeans more suspicious of the religiosity of Muslim immigrants, other than the fact that they are Muslim?

Europeans tend to be put off by very religious people

Which of the following is the best example of the generalized other?

Everyone riding on a bus is wearing clothing

Sociologists suggest that people reveal different parts of their personalities to others in different social situations. What is another way to describe this phenomenon?

Everyone shares different parts of his or her identity at different times.

What relationship exists between immigrants and prohibition?

Feeling threatened by new immigrants, prohibition was a move to reestablish traditional values that the upper middle class thought was slipping away

Which of the following is true?

Flexibility in earning and caregiving is the most important factor in allowing families to care for children

A sociologist is writing a research proposal for a new project about how disciplining children in school, such as by giving them detention or suspension, may impact their academic achievement. Which theorist's work might be useful for informing this research topic?

Foucault

Karl Marx collaborated with which other sociologist in his sociological writings?

Friedrich Engels

Jamie recently moved from a very small town to Los Angeles. She is enjoying the freedom to express herself because the pressure to conform in her small town was very high. She enjoys being more anonymous in the bigger city. Jamie's experience is best described by which sociologist's view?

Georg Simmel

Whose research would you draw from to argue that the blasé attitude of urban dwellers was a shield against the chaos of the city?

Georg Simmel

According to Buchman and DiPrete, which female is most likely to have an educational advantage?

Girl born to single mother in 1970

Outsourcing is part of a larger process called the creation of ______, which are sets of linked operations that organize the production of any particular product.

Global value chains

_____ refers to the increasing flows of goods and services across national borders.

Globalization

What is one reason conservative Protestantism has been on the rise in the United States since the 1960s?

Growth of this denomination was fueled by the changing gender roles and "sexual liberation" movement

Which of the following is true of children born to an unmarried mother today?

Half of those mothers are cohabitating

President Bush's study on immigration indicated that the effects of the immigrant population on citizens are generally more positive than negative. Why?

Highly skilled science and technical professionals have a positive impact

Which ethnicity identity was formed most recently as a category in Western thought?

Hispanic

Which of the following is considered an ethnic rather than a racial category by the U.S. government?

Hispanic

Holly has joined a social action group. Which of the following is most likely to be her motivation?

Her roommate is a member

Many sociologists believe that people have free will. Which of the following details supports this belief?

History shows how societies change over time.

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between norms and whether or not an individual "fits in" to society?

Norms are the rules about what is and isn't acceptable in our community and must be followed to "fit in."

The color of our skin, our sex, whether or not we have a physical disability, and our socioeconomic class are all aspects of our _____.

Identities

Which of the following sociological questions reveals a comparative-historical perspective?

In what ways are modern neo-Nazis different from Nazis during World War II?

Americans support better welfare programs, but they do not support _____.

Income equality for the poor

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between the United States and Mexico?

Increased border control keeps any Mexican immigrants in the United States

In 1984, toxic gas from a pesticide plant killed nearly 10,000 people in _______.

India

In the 1990s Ishan became a member of the Hindutva political party. In which country was Ishan most likely living at the time?

India

Why might there be a "migration corridor" where workers travel from Bangladesh to India?

India has more jobs to offer because of western outsourcing

What is the relationship between education and a feeling of social support?

Individuals with more education are more likely to participate in civic and political events and activities than those with less education. This provides more social involvement and leads to feeling higher levels of social support

Hybrid vehicles are designed to reduce ______.

carbon emissions

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between formal and informal rules?

Informal rules fill the spaces between formal rules by allowing for exceptions in social behavior that are generally agreed upon

_______ was needed in the 1800s to integrate national economies.

Infrastructural transformation

A group that fought slumlords is absorbed into a government agency. Another group achieved some of its goals and then its members drifted apart. What is being compared here?

Institutionalization and internal dynamics

What is the distinction between interested and disinterested rule-making?

Interested rule-making is about privileged groups maintaining their wealth. Disinterested rule-making does not relate to wealth

For adapting which identity might someone in the United States receive the least scrutiny from other people?

Irish

How does the ability to reject narrow gender roles affect a family?

It benefits the family both financially and emotionally

How is Chinese syncretism the most complicated of all the major religions?

It combines features of different religions, making it difficult to classify

In what way is the official measurement of poverty in the United States problematic?

It does not account for differences across states

In what way does a focus on exceptional individuals inaccurately portray the reality of social mobility?

It ignores the general patterns of mobility in the society

Which of the following is true of care work?

It is as essential to a household's survival as is bringing in an income

How do children derive citizenship from their parents?

It is automatic for children who are LPRs, unmarried, under the age of 18, and in their parents' legal and physical custody

What conclusions can you draw about globalization?

It is difficult to distinguish the impact of globalization versus deregulation of markets, but it does not appear that globalization has led to stronger economies-at least, not yet

"It is common knowledge that the news media can manipulate public political opinion." What is wrong with this statement?

It is difficult to prove

How has recent economic restructuring affected family life?

It is more difficult for families to survive on only one income

Which of the following statements about the Clear Water Act is true?

It is openly flouted by many corporations who are not fined for their actions

What happens to most waste in the United States?

It is put in a hole and covered

The leader of county X has died and possible successors are fighting among themselves. A leader rises up among the suffering peasants and leads them into collective action. Why is this situation considered revolutionary?

It meets all three of Lenin's requirements

Which country supports maternal care but does not support equal employment for women?

Italy

The double standard of sexuality refers to the fact that people tend to _____.

Judge women more harshly for having casual sex than they judge men

Which of the following is the best example of cultural capital?

Knowing a lot about fine wine

_____ is also a system of _____.

Language; symbols

What is an example of a former ethnic enclave that is now a diverse neighborhood?

Little Italy in New York City

Richard is a high school graduate working in a hard labor, physical, non-union job with toxic chemicals. Logan is an educated professional working in an office. What does their education level tell you about their health?

Logan is likely to be healthier because he probably has more autonomy and health insurance

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between social norms and formal rules?

Norms are things we just know, whereas rules are things we may have to look up in a legal code to find

How do the environmental policies of the developed world affect the developing world?

Many Western countries place their toxic factories in developing countries

Marin asks a sociologist how to classify the relatives that she's gained over the course of her life, in particular, her partner and children. How would a sociologist respond?

Marin has a family of procreation

Which of the following pairs of social theorists both emphasized how social class matters in social life?

Marx and Bourdieu

Which sociological theorist was most interested in understanding why each of us behaves the way we do?

Max Weber

Which of the following government programs provides healthcare only to Americans ages 65 and older?

Medicare

What is true about education and life expectancy?

Men with more education live an average of 5 years longer than men with less education

Blanca works for an American-based TNC in a maquiladora to support herself and her family. Which country does she most likely reside in?

Mexico

Which is an example of megacity?

Mexico City, Mexico

_____ are more likely to find jobs in higher-status occupations than ______.

More educated people; less educated people

How is the retirement of the baby boom generation likely to affect race relations?

More nonwhites will enter the job market and take the relatively good jobs held by the baby boomers.

Which of the following is a positive effect that has resulted from the extended transition into adulthood?

More opportunities to develop ways of living that diverge from their parents' paths

What is an example of religious persecution in the United States?

Mormons being driven out of upstate New York

Which of the following statements is true?

Most Europeans can build families without considering healthcare, a factor that often influences American family choices

Which of the following is an example of a stereotype?

Most wealthy children are spoiled

Mrs. Jones and Mr. Wong teach in the same school district, but in different parts of town. Mrs. Jones teaches in an upper middle class neighborhood. Mr. Wong teaches in a poor area of town. What can you infer about the educational experience?

Mr. Wong probably has few materials and his students probably encounter less-valued curricula and are less prepared for the next level of education than Mrs. Jones's students

The Deepwater Horizon explosion draws our attention most directly to which reality?

Natural resource depletion

In 2001 the federal government implemented the ______ act to reduce the achievement gap between low-income or minority children and higher-income or white children by holding educators accountable.

No Child Left Behind

In which way was the Kyoto Protocol meeting in 2009 a disappointment?

No legally binding framework was created

Which of the following is arguably the most gender egalitarian religion for practitioners?

Protestantism

Which of the following statements best reflects the connection between a sociological imagination and effective sociology?

Only when we develop this ability can we start to see larger trends in the world around us

Which of the following is true of the relationship between doctors and patients today?

Patients are more comfortable than they were historically questioning a doctor's authority

Which of the following was made illegal by the Equal Pay Act?

Paying women less than men for the same job

The fact that people now value companionship more than economics in a relationship is indicative of what shift in cultural ideas of marriage?

People apply higher standards when selecting a mate

How has the increased lifespan that is characteristic of the life course revolution affected marriages and relationships?

People are likely to engage in serial relationships

What is one possible reason why people become religious again in their old age?

People lose friends and spouses and religion may provide a nice social support system

Historically, how did ethnic enclaves develop?

People were forced to live with others of similar racial and ethnic backgrounds

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between power and privilege?

People who are granted privileges in their society are likely to have more access to power than others

Which of the following best describes how people commonly develop stereotypes about a group?

People will develop generalizations about a group based on little to no information

Before her engineering exam Tessa was having a conversation wit ha male classmate about feeling nervous about the test. In response, he commented, "No one will fault you if you don't do well on the exam. Everyone knows that men are better at math and engineering than women." According to the findings of sociological research about gender stereotype, after hearing this comment Tessa will most likely _____.

Perform poorly on the exam

In a certain town, Person A owns a company and makes much higher income than his employees. In this town, there is an initiative to make it illegal for owners to make significantly more than employees. Which of the following best predicts how Person A will most likely behave?

Person A will try to maintain the social structure and will vote to oppose the initiative

Which of the following situations highlights the relationship between path dependency and social structure?

Phil does not want to get a ticket so he stops at stop lights that are red, even if it is the middle of the night and there are no other cars at the intersection

What has contributed to a change in the attitudes of Americans toward interracial unions or multiracial people?

Policy shifts revising racial classifications and interracial unions changed public attitudes

_______ make(s) globalization possible.

Politics

Which example reinforces heteronormativity?

Popular music songs about men and women having a romance

Which of the following is best suited to helping government officials in a local city determine whether or not it would be a good idea to build a new elementary school?

Population analysis

______ is a sign that globalization has begun.

Price convergence

A study sample that is drawn so that there is an equal probability for every person to be included is called a(n) _______ sample.

Probability

Which of the following statements best highlights the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research?

Qualitative research relies on words, pictures, and observations, whereas quantitative research relies on statistical analysis

How is the deforestation of rainforests connected to global warming?

Rainforests convert CO2 into oxygen

What is the difference between refugee and asylum statuses?

Refugee status is sought by someone outside the United States, whereas asylum status is for someone already on U.S. soil

How does the United States provide for immigration on humanitarian grounds?

Refugee- or asylum- status immigrants may adjust to LPR status after residence requirements are met

What is the difference between reliability and validity?

Reliability describes when an experiment repeatedly produces similar results, whereas validity means that results measure what they were intended to measure

Why are religious and ethnic conflicts difficult to differentiate?

Religion and culture are often intertwined

The Western world's long-term presence in the Middle East may play a role in the increase in religiosity there because _______.

Religious affiliation reasserts cultural pride

How might modernization in some countries contribute to the rise of religion in other countries?

Religious societies have a higher birth rate and have more children than irreligious ones.

Who laid out the perspective known as urban ecology?

Robert Park and Ernest Burgess

President _____ instituted a crackdown on illegal substances by increasing surveillance and penalties.

Ronald Reagan

Which of the following would be most likely to find themselves homeless at some point in their life in the United States?

Ronnie - a single-man with bipolar disorder and no college education

Georgia is a medical doctor who earns a salary each year that is not dependent on the number of patients she has or tests/procedures she performs. Which of the following is most likely true about Georgia?

She is probably not a doctor in the United States

Which of the following is true?

Siblings are members of our "family of orientation"

In Brazil, race is defined in such a way that _____.

Siblings can be assigned different race labels

Imagine you are a sociologist interest in designing a research study to investigate whether or not there are differences in college students' academic outcomes depending on whom they have in their social networks to help them through college. The works of which sociological theorist might be most useful in helping explain the theoretical basis of this research?

Simmel

Many government social supports available in the United States, such as _____, are financially stressed because ________.

Social Security; baby boomers are aging into the system

Both analytical sociologists and Bourdieu are interested in which sociological concept?

Social connections

Which of the following best defines the term "generalized other"?

Social control exercised by commonsense understandings of what is appropriate in a specific time and place

The foundation of social order is known as _____.

Social structure

Which of the following statements is true about social structures?

Social structures both limit people and give people a sense of identity

______ is the function of schooling that includes teaching habits to help students be contributing members of society.

Socialization

Which of the following affects how Alicia determines race when she sees a person?

Socialization affects her interpretation of physical descriptions

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between sociology and other social science disciplines?

Sociology has given birth to a number of other disciplines, including African American studies, gender studies, demography, and criminology

According to sociologists, which of the following is an important result of conversational inequalities?

Some people are insulted when they are interrupted, causing a rift in the conversation that is difficult to repair

Which is true when comparing the work of St. Clair Drake and Horace Cayton with the work of William Julius Wilson?

St. Clair Drake and Horace Cayton's work was done prior to the civil rights movement and Wilson's work was after the civil rights movement

Which sociologist conducted a conformity experiment in which people believed they administered painful electric shocks to others?

Stanley Milgram

How do status changes impact the social roles of individuals?

Status changes confer different role expectations for individuals

________ is socially deviant and _______ is statistically deviant

Stealing; not having a cell phone

How do stereotypes relate to actual behavior?

Stereotypes can produce a behavior that was not there befor

How can poverty affect the neurobiology of children?

Stressors associated with living in poverty can hinder development

_____ utilizes the logic of _____ to explain social change.

Structural functionalism; biology

Which of these nations has yet to complete the first transitional phase of population growth?

Sudan

Tam is able to attend highly competitive college because his parents have enough income to pay the tuition. Lai is only able to attend night classes at a less competitive college because she has to work during the day to pay tuition. Which statement best describes this scenario?

Tam and Lai are experiencing different social contexts.

How has the transition from the age of typography to the age of television affected cultural production in the United States?

Television ha replaced reading and writing as the primary tool in the production of culture

In the 1920s and 1930s, Harvard industrial sociologist Elton Mayo conducted a series of experiments dubbed _____ to see what factors might induce workers to produce more output in the same amount of time.

The Hawthorne studies

What was a result of the Immigration Act of May 26, 1924 (also known as the National Origins Act)?

The U.S. Border Patrol, with the mission of deterring illegal entries, was created

In which country do parents often struggle to find affordable, high-quality childcare?

The United States

Why was the end of the civil rights movement significant?

The Voting Rights Act was passed, ending the struggle to secure political rights for minorities

According to sociologists, civil inattention is used to describe _____.

The act of ignoring other people to an appropriate degree even when you notice they are there

Which of the following statements is true of a person who follows the economic restructuring perspective of families?

The breadwinner-homemaker family model is rare today because families find that family type impractical given the current economic reality

What is one benefit of a segregated church?

The church provides a safe haven for the segregated and their families and can focus on issues unique to the segregated group.

What conclusion can you draw about the consequences of incarceration?

The consequences affect many more people than just the prisoner; they also impact the prisoner's family, friends, and society as a whole

Adam was born into a poor family in Chicago. When he grows up he wants to be a doctor. How does the educational system affect the social mobility of a person from a poor family, like Adam, who wishes to become a doctor?

The educational system preserves privileged access to some positions, making success more difficult for those without economic privilege

Which of the following statements is true according to sociologists?

The familistic package considers families to be a social unit with multiple dimensions

When did a color-coded hierarchy of racial though develop in the Western world?

The fifteenth century

Sally follows the family decline perspective. Which of the following beliefs is she likely to hold?

The increasing number of single mothers endangers children

During her Peace Corps service in Niger, Jillian found herself confused about the fertility patterns of women in her impoverished, remote village. Given that the people in the village were so poor, she couldn't understand why they had so many children. What explanation might a demographer give for the high fertility rates Jillian observed?

The infant mortality rate is probably high

Years ago, it was uncommon for the average American to attend college. Now, it is common and it is expected that many Americans will attend college. This is an example of _____.

The institutionalization of an idea

What conclusions can you make about China and its education program?

The investment in education its citizens spurred economic growth and has allowed China to now concentrate on higher-level skills and compete academically.

If a large American company expanded to foreign markets, what would happen to its domestic sales?

The large majority of its business would still be done in America

Which of these correctly contrasts two opinions about media influence?

The media strongly influence public opinion. The media set the context for making events in the world intelligible

With no other clue than behavior, how might you differentiate between a middle-class child and a working-class child?

The middle-class child would probably work hard at the tasks she was given, whereas the working-class child would have to be constrained (compelled by force).

How does having a criminal record impact job prospects of black Americans in comparison to white Americans?

The negative effects of a criminal record are 40 percent greater for black job applicants than for white job applicants.

Why is Sudan's age pyramid actually shaped like a pyramid?

The people there tend to die young

A person is the vice president of a department in a company. Which of the following would illustrate the most significant change in the person's social status?

The person is fired from the vice president position and is unemployed

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between units of analysis and the scientific study of society?

The phenomenon studied has a great impact on the unit of analysis, and access to certain units of analysis may shape research questions.

Why can Catholicism be considered more egalitarian in regards to men and women practitioners compared to other religions?

The priest does the thinking for the congregation

Several major social science groups and associations were first founded in the late 1800s and early 1900s. What does this show?

The rapid industrialization and urbanization of the time resulted in the need to study society and its groups

Which of the following scenarios depicts a researcher breaking an ethical code?

The researcher publishes the full names of participants alongside the study in a research journal

Julie is 7 months pregnant. Her family and friends are throwing her a baby shower. The color scheme for the shower is pink and white. She receives many gifts from the guests that coincide with this color scheme - pink and white baby toys, towels, blankets, and sheets for the baby's crib, and many clothes including dresses, headbands, and shoes for her new baby. Based on this scenario what would a sociologist who studies gender most likely conclude?

The sower is an example of gender socialization

Which of the following best highlights the relationship between the state and the individual?

The state can have an enormous impact on individual lives through shifts in government power

Baby Alyssa is born in a hospital with a lot of resources, staff, and modern equipment. Baby Brandi is born in a hospital with older equipment, few staff, and little resources. Which statement best describes this scenario?

The two babies are born into different social contexts

How does Emile Durkheim define religion?

The way societies deal with things that are sacred

When Janet, a 28-year-old woman, found out she was pregnant by her boyfriend, her friends and sisters, who are about her same age, were excited for her. When Janet told her grandmother, she was more upset and concerned that Janet was planning to have a baby with her boyfriend. She asked, "Shouldn't you be married and live together first?" This generational difference in the reaction to Janet's pregnancy illustrates what social change?

The widespread acceptance of having premarital sex and children outside marriage

Which of the following events has most dramatically impacted women's educational, occupational, and family lives since the 1960s?

The widespread availability of the birth control pill

One worker at a local grocery store chain is unhappy with the company's sick leave policy. The worker wants to start a petition to present to upper management. According to what sociologists know about social conformity, which of the following situations would most likely result in the worker actually starting the petition?

The worker has at least one other ally to support the petition

Jen and Eric are an unmarried, cohabitating couple. They recently found out that Jen is pregnant and the couple is expecting a baby in several months. Excited about their news, Jen and Eric began telling their family members and friends about the pregnancy. Before telling his two other children Erica called his ex-wife to let her know what was happening. Which of the following concepts best describes the country where Jen and Eric probably live

Their country is in the second demographic transition

Which scenario presents the highest level of environmental justice?

There is a moderate level of pollution that all people encounter with the same regularity

What differentiates a hookup from other kinds of sex?

There is no expectation of a relationship

You have been asked to speak to your City Council about the urbanization of poverty and immigrants. Which of the following statements would you share with them?

There is some evidence that immigrants have played an important role in revitalizing some of the most distressed urban neighborhoods across the country by bringing population and businesses to area that have been in decline for decades.

Chronic health conditions are becoming more and more of a problem, especially in wealthy countries. Why?

They affect aging populations

What is one way young adults in America are seeing benefits from the Affordable Care Act?

They are able to stay on their parents' insurance until they are 26 years old

Why are American parents concerned about teenagers having sex?

They are afraid sex will be driven by hormones rather than rational thought

Which of the following is typical of social movements?

They are agents of social and political change

What do the Tea Party and the Occupy Wall Street movement have in common?

They are both countercultures

What is true about second-generation children in the United States?

They are considered golden children

The number of deaths that occur to babies within 12 months, per 1,000 live births in a given calendar year is referred to as that __________.

infant mortality rate

Why are denominations important for sociologists?

They are responsible for much of the organization in so-called organized religion

Most Americans believe that the government should help the poor. Why has so little help come about?

They believe in it, but they do not vote for it.

How might attending a concert be similar to a religious service?

They both offer a shared experience and sense of community

A country's _____ is an example of something ______ would include.

infant mortality rate; epidemiology

With the exception of the second generation, why is each successive generation potentially worse off than the previous one?

They do not inherit the migrant energy

Which of the following is one cultural consequence of social movements?

They encourage informed citizens to think about a topic and how they feel about it

Though animism and paganism are not specific religions, why are they important?

They help designate whole classes of religions

Ken is sitting in front of the televised evening news passively consuming information about social issues. He has no response to them nor any desire to actively participate in the issues being discussed. What would German sociologist and philosopher Theodor Adorno most likely say about this scenario?

This is an example of the problem with the culture industry

_____ said, "Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."

Thomas Jefferson

What are tied movers and tied stayers?

Tied movers have a low desire to move and tied stayers have a high desire to move

Which of the following would be a structurally determined catastrophe?

Water pollution that occurs in neighborhoods of working-class people only

Which of the following best describes a sociological view of uniqueness?

We are each unique because we have a unique array of social interactions

Sociologists would agree with which of the following statements with regard to future family policies in the United States?

We need to think more critically about how "equal opportunity" applies to families

Terrorism can be explained as ______.

Weaker individuals creating a more equal playing field

_____ is a term used to refer to a set of social policies that provide people with support or assistance.

Welfare state

Which of the following research questions would lead to a cross-national comparison?

What causes England's infant mortality rate to be lower than the United States' infant mortality rate

Which of the following is another way to define the term "immigration"?

When a person takes up residence in a new country

Which of the following is true according to ethnomethodologists?

When it is appropriate to cry can depend on the society in which a person lives

What is evidence that some so-called religious conflicts and attacks are not about religion?

When the term ethnic cleansing is used to describe the conflict

Research has shown that which of the following factors has the least significance in a child's development and happiness?

Whether the mother works outside the home

Studying social movements may answer which of these questions?

Why do people cooperate with each other when they can get the same benefits by acting alone?

The United States is the only rich country in the world with no inheritance tax. Voters eliminated it, even though it affected only the rich. What is a possible reason for this?

Wishful thinking by the middle class that they amy someday become rich

Which of the following is an accurate result of the feminization of love?

Women became responsible for caretaking duties

Which of the following is the best definition of the term "social structure"?

a collection of different parts of society

Which of the following is an example of a component of social structure?

a college

Careful research suggests that having a criminal record has many negative consequences, including having a harder time finding a job and maintaining a stable family life. The outcomes are a result of ______.

a complicated set of circumstances, and researchers have not yet been able to determine if this is a result of having criminal convictions or something else

Urban renewal and other changes created ______.

a concentration of poverty

Angela observes that children from lower-income families tend to have higher rates of lead poisoning. She finds out that low income does not cause lead poisoning but is connected to conditions that can result in lead poisoning. Angela's results are an example of which of the following?

a correlation

Last night Jenny went out to enjoy pretzels, beer, and a martial arts movie with her boyfriend. Tonight she is going to try out a new French restaurant and see a foreign film with her girlfriends. Jenny is an example of _____.

a cultural omnivore

Which of the following is an example of patriarchy?

a government where officials are mostly male

Which of the following is the best example of a cultural symbol?

a green traffic light

In what way, besides money, might a plumber be more satisfied with his job compared to a low-level office employee?

a high level of autonomy

In which family would a divorce likely benefit the development of children?

a high-conflict family

A researcher is planning a study to find out whether the number of hours of sleep a student gets before an exam affects the score the student achieves The researcher thinks that fewer hours of sleep will result in the student achieving a lower exam score. This is an example of _____.

a hypothesis

Which of the following correctly defines the term "institution"?

a long-lasting social custom or tradition

What organization is comprised of medical professionals, hospital administrators, public health officials, academics, and medical industry professionals?

a medical board

Daniel is the CEO of a large financial company based in New York City. He owns an apartment on Park Avenue. Daniel is most likely _____.

a member of the 1 percent

Which of the following is the best example of Jane Jacobs' vision of urban life?

a mixed-use neighborhood that combines businesses and residences with pedestrian and street traffic

In today's world it is almost a taken for granted assumption that an individual will identify with ______.

a nation

A parent tells a child he is not supposed to eat food off the ground. This rule is an example of _____.

a norm

Which of the following is a process of gendered socialization?

a parent dressing a child

Which of the following would be rewarded in meritocracy?

a thorough education

The economic transition to twentieth-century capitalism, and the opening up of a vast array of middle-class jobs and professions, added a fourth major purpose to education: the possibility of education as ______.

a vehicle for upward mobility

If a big company uses its power to put its competitors out of business, it would be considered _____.

a violation of regulations

A patrilocal culture is one in which ______.

a wife is required to live with and obey her husband's parents

When Ashley is texting in class, her teacher motions for her to put the phone away, but does not yell at her. This is known as a(n) ______.

informal sanction

Walmart is able to get large quantities of goods for a low price. This gives the company the power to _____.

kill small businesses

Representatives of a parents' group that opposes some policies of the local school board are invited to speak at a board meeting. A social movement's scholars would say this group has achieved _____.

acceptance by the opposition

It is important to understand that there is a difference between _____ and _______ of a specific social movement goal.

acceptance; achievement

The combination of nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and water molecules creates ______.

acid rain

Lola has stated that at the end of her life she wants only palliative care. Lola probably has a(n) ______.

advance directive

The CEO of a large corporation is going to a meeting. As he decides what they will discuss, he will probably leave out issues he wants to avoid. What type of power is this?

agenda setting

One way of explaining the digital divide is that _____.

all people do not have equal access to online mass communication

Shifting antidiscrimination work policy to include "family responsibility" discrimination would, in theory, cover _____.

all those who care for other people

A demographer would most likely classify a country that has fertility rates below the replacement level as _______.

an aging society

Which person would have been most likely to die during Hurricane Katrina?

an elderly black woman

Which job is most likely to be complemented by technological progress?

an executive-level job

Looking at the percentages of foreign direct investment-money invested in other countries, rather than goods sold-what would we expect to find?

an increasing percentage of investment in keeping with the rapid pace of globalization

Which of the following people are cohabitating?

an unmarried couple who live together

Advances in medicine will probably postpone mortality more and more in the future, even as fertility declines. What might the age graphs of Japan and the United States look like then?

an upside-down pyramid

As determined _____ by the government, the minimum income necessary to afford basic necessities is the ______.

annually; poverty line

Which of the following is an example of an evolutionary theory on how biology might affect sexuality?

anticipating a nine-month pregnancy discourages women from having frequent sex with multiple sexual partners

Congress is drafting a bill that will reduce the president's power. The president threatens to veto it, and Congress withdraws the bill. The president has demonstrated power, not by the exercise of power, but by the _____ of power.

anticipation

A high level of cohesion and trust in a neighborhood means neighbors _____.

are more effective at enforcing common norms of behavior in public spaces

Sexual behavior, attracting, and identity _____.

are not always consistent

According to a sociologist, what can make a person a successful member of society?

knowing when to follow formal and informal rules

In his writing on the tragedy of the commons, ecologist Garrett Hardin argues that self-regulation needs to be replaced with ____ regulation.

political

Oscar's job involves putting one screw on the door handle of a car. He has asked the boss for more skilled work, but his boss always says no. The boss is deskilling Oscar, because _____.

knowledge is power

According to the tragedy of the commons, individuals acting in self-interest will ____.

bring ruin to others

Hierarchy, written rules, and salaried decision-making officers are central aspects of a(n) _____.

bureaucracy

To be statistically deviant, a behavior has to ______

be uncommon

Physical presence in the United States, knowledge of English, and "good moral character" are parts of the process of ______.

becoming a naturalized citizen

To get recruits to support his free-speech social movement, Elliot regularly visited college campuses and talked informally to students. He did this because of the students' ______

biographical availability

A person's sex is a _____ classification, whereas their gender is a _____ classification.

biological; social

According to the "one-drop rule," a person with three white grandparents and one black grandparent would be considered ______.

black

One subset of diversity immigrants, ______, are highly accomplished, with some of the highest average schooling rates of English fluency

blacks born in Africa

The feminization of poverty draws attention to the difficulty in _____.

both caregiving and breadwinning for a family

Sociologists stress that social mobility is an attribute of _____.

both individuals and society

Although many patterns and ideals about gender norms in the home and workplace have changed since the 1960s, _________.

both men and women are still held to traditional gender norms about home and work

The United States lags far behind most other Western countries in reducing poverty. How can it apply the methods of other states to close this gap?

by raising taxes

A ______ is a count of the entire population.

census

Why have the rich in the United States gotten so much richer in the past 30 years?

changes in the tax code benefit the rich

In terms of social interaction, strangers not making eye contact as they walk past each other is best described as _____, but could also be considered _____.

civil inattention; an informal rule

Totemism is the belief system in which _____.

clans adopt plants or animals as their sacred symbol

Which concept is better understood by sociologists from studying how childrearing practices vary by social class?

class reproduction

The end goal of conservationists is to have land available for _____ use by ______ generations

commercial; future

Rita has always wanted to be a child psychologist. With this goal in mind, she has worked very hard in school and at low-level jobs. Now she is opening her own child psychology clinic. Rita was probably raised with ______.

concerted cultivation

The United States ______ every ______ years.

conducts a census; 10

Which area of sociologist thought focuses on how inequality produces tensions between people in society?

conflict theory

The specific church, temple, or mosque people attend is called the _______.

congregation

Which of the following is a term coined by two political scientists regarding the nature of Americans' contradictory views on public policy

conservative egalitarians

Racial groups tend to be associated with ______.

continents

Conurbs are best understood as which of the following?

continuous urban regions extending across city and suburban political boundaries

As our society shifts from a manufacturing base to a knowledge base, the goal of social movements becomes to _____.

control social change by controlling a society's symbols and self-understandings

It is very common for individuals to ______ to other religions or denominations over the course of their lifetimes. However, ______ are more likely to do so into new religious movements.

convert; women

_____ is the term used to describe when two factors or two social phenomena "co-vary" with each other.

correlation

Two women kissing on a dance floor ______.

could be of any sexual orientation

Because the ideal of equal participation cannot be achieved, subordinated social groups have frequently constituted their own _____.

counterpublics

The leader of a social movement in an oppressed country wants a relatively bloodless revolution that will make life better for the poor. The military uses the name and the ideals of the movement, but stages a ______ that puts them in power.

coup d'etat

Which water-based problem is most common in the United States?

cow manure entering waterways

The historical legacy of slavery, racial discrimination, and segregation _____.

created severe social and economic inequalities for racial minorities that affect their education

Freya has chosen a career that requires a college degree. She is considering a field that requires ______.

credentials

As social systems begin to change, there is often a(n) _____ where key events establish new norms, rules, or ways of doing things.

critical juncture

Barbara is very attractive, makes a good living as a teacher, and likes country-western music, action movies, and philosophy. Barbara will probably be successful socially because of her _____.

cultural capital

The education, attitudes, and preferences by which others judge you are, collectively, your ______.

cultural capital

The second demographic transition refers to which of the following?

cultural changes in norms and values about family life

Bailey organized a series of protests of her college's admission policies. The administration did not change the policies, but many students and faculty were made aware of and developed their own opinions about them. In this case Bailey's protests had ______

cultural consequences

Beth and some of her college friends disagreed with a certain campus policy. They made a video pointing out the flaws in this polocy and posted it on YouTube and Facebook. This is an example of _____.

cultural democracy

The American social elite who have pride in wide tastes rather than in upper-class preferences are referred to as _____. This is because the United States has _____.

cultural omnivores; a pervasive mass culture

Unless they practice _____, sociologists' work will be flawed.

cultural relativism

The social and political tensions in the United States that exist over issues such as abortion and gay rights could be considered a demonstration of which of the following concepts?

culture wars

______ refer(s) to a well-structured set of content and lessons for people to learn.

curriculum

Which of the following statistics proves that all the people who told you to stay in school may have been right?

employment growth is highest in the most highly skilled jobs

When states employ policy, they _____.

empower groups besides the "ruling class"

Countries like the United States, Canada, Ireland, and Japan are considered ______.

democracies

Roman Catholics, Baptists, and Evangelicals are examples of how different _____ can constitute one religion; in this case ______.

denominations; Christianity

What is one drawback to import-substituting industrialization (ISI)?

dependence on the government

Ms. Jenkins lets students know at the beginning of the year what her expectations are in the classroom. If a student skips her class, he or she will have to attend Saturday school twice and write a paper about the importance of an education. Ms. Jenkins is using _______.

deterrrence

Michael is going to conduct a study in a college dorm. He decides to include in the study only students in every third dorm room. This is an example of which of the following?

developing a random sample

An old company that has not changed its product in decades is bought out by a new company. The new CEO decides he wants to cure the company's structural inertia. Which of the following would best accomplish that goal?

developing new products

What frame is best used to emphasize the urgency of a problem?

diagnostic

A baby born into a population that has gone through the epidemiological transition will be more likely to ______.

die of a chronic disease

Which of the following best explains the urban ecology approach?

different groups of the population move to the areas where they thrive

Sociological theories tend to have _____ areas of focus, but all have _____ in mind.

different; the same goals

The second shift refers to mothers _______.

doing domestic work in addition to their paid work

Though women _______ than men, they still ______ than men.

earn more college degrees; have lower average earnings

Preparing students to meet the needs of business is the role of which function of education?

economic

Marx's theories are primarily focuses on explaining how _____ perpetuate(s) social inequality, while Du Bois's theories focus on how _____ perpetuate(s) inequality.

economics; racism

Tysons Corner, Virginia is an example of a(n) _____.

edge city

Socioeconomic status is based on _____.

education, income, and current occupation

Both caretaking and breadwinning are shared equally by both parents in a(n) ______ relationship.

egalitarian

In premodern societies kinship lines ______.

extend beyond nuclear families

Which perspective of changing families is most critical of nontraditional family choices?

family decline

The orientation people have toward family responsibilities is called _____.

family values

The college wage premium will increase when technology advances _____.

faster than education

When doctors are paid for every visit, test, and procedure they perform as opposed to a salary they are working in what kind of system?

fee for service

Studying infant mortality, economic development, birth control, and childbearing primarily help demographers explain ______.

fertility rates

Understanding population dynamics requires a detailed investigation of demography's "big three": ______.

fertility, mortality, and migration

When compared to the United States, workers in places like China have ______ protections and ______ recourse to protect themselves from unreasonable demands from their employers.

fewer; less

In producing clothing, the step that is typically completed outside the United States is the ______.

final assembly

Which types of achievements are most often used in determining whether someone is an adult in today's society?

financial

Fines, arrests, and prison sentences are considered ________

formal sanctions

The first lesson of dominance and social control is ______.

from families

When did the United States become a multiracial society?

from the start

To which perspective is the interdependence of paid domestic work the most important?

gender restructuring

The field of sociology has spawned other areas of study. Which of the following is an area of study spawned by sociology?

gender studies

People who marry older and have more education are less likely to ______.

get divorced

Which factor indicates a potential link between economic growth and environmental sustainability?

green alternatives

Pierre wants to live in the United States and work as a chef. To do so he must obtain a _____ by getting a restaurant owner to sponsor him.

green card

Which of the following correctly defines the term "social hierarchy"?

groups within society that have different social statuses

American colonists could be said to have started the tactic of _____ when they devised clever ways of attacking their more powerful enemy, the British Redcoats.

guerilla warfare

A young Asian woman is used to asking people how old they are because social interaction differs depending on differences in age in her culture. She asks her middle-aged American hostess how old she is, and there is shocked silence. This is a misunderstanding based on _____.

habitus

Andy and Isaac were born into the same middle-class family. Andy graduated from high school with average grades and decided two years after graduation to attend a technical school. Along the way he worked in various food service jobs, but had a difficult time, even with his technical certification, finding a permanent full-tie job as a young adult. Isaac graduated from the same high school in the top tier of his class. After graduation he attended a large university, later earned a master's degree, and was very easily able to find permanent full-time work in his field as a young adult. From this scenario we can confidently conclude that these siblings _____.

have had very different labor market experiences

What is the meaning of the word "barbarian"?

having no language

Dara likes her new job better than her old job. According to scholars who study job satisfaction, which of these is most likely to be the reason?

her employer trusts her with special tasks

This year at Suburbia High School Karen and Josh were elected Homecoming King and Queen. This common process of electing a Homecoming King and a Homecoming Queen in high schools is an example of _____.

heteronormativity

A heterosexual woman being verbally harassed because she is wearing masculine clothes and walking with another woman is experiencing _______.

heterosexism

Beginning in kindergarten, students are taught in the unstated standards of behaviors known as ______.

hidden curriculum

Which of these might hinder immigrant assimilation?

high spatial concentration

Juan consults a government web site to see about how long he can expect to live and still be free from limitation of activity. He wants to know _______.

his heathy life expectancy

An individual's assets make up _____.

his or her wealth

When you shop at a department store in the United States you would never think to barter with the sales clerk over the price of an item you are buying. This knowledge is an example of _____.

how cultural knowledge matters in markets

What factor is difficult to anticipate regarding demographic changes in the United States for the twenty-first century?

how people identify themselves in racial and ethnic terms

Last Saturday night you went to the movies with your friends to see the latest blockbuster. In the opening scene of the film you notice that the main character is driving a Camaro and using an iPhone 6. This is an example of what trend in the media landscape?

hypercommercialism

The huge upturn in movie product placement illustrates _____.

hypercommercialism

Before conducting research, sociologists often come up with a prediction about what might be discovered by the research. This prediction is called a _____.

hypothesis

National cultures exist because a group of people identify with the same customs, government, and ideals. In other words, they are _____ communities.

imagined

Growth in the Catholic Church in the United States is largely attributed to _______.

immigration

What is one explanation for why fertility and mortality in the United States are about equal, yet - the population is still growing?

immigration

Which of the following concepts would symbolic interactionists most likely use in their research?

impression management

Having higher levels of education and more income and wealth will most likely _______ an individual's health outcomes

improve

Where do most transnational corporations do the majority of their business?

in their home countries

What term describes when a researcher sits down one-on-one with a participant in order to ask a series of questions?

in-depth interview

Many scholars believe that one of the best measures of _____ is to calculate _____.

income; the median

The goal of many agricultural nations in the years from 1930-1980 was to ______.

industrialize

The 1790 naturalization law is an example of _____.

institutionalized discrimination

What reduces the likelihood of passing on the culture of one's country of origin to the next generation?

intermarriage

Medicalization of birthing involved what approach by physicians caring for women in labor

interventions

When an animal rights supporter throws red paint on someone's fur jacket, what tactic is being used?

intimidation

Which of the following best illustrates the city as a growth machine?

investors and the government work together to bring in an NBA team

Sociologist A completes an experiment and records the results. Sociologist B completes the same experiment, following the same steps as Sociologist A, but gets different results. This means that the experiment _____.

is not reliable

Relative to its sibling disciplines, sociology _____ draw(s) on interdisciplinary research.

is the most likely discipline to

The fact that there is an enormous variation in the price of the same health service suggests that the market ______.

isn't working very well

A group of sorority sisters tends to dress, talk, and act alike. This is an individual example of organizational ______.

isomorphism

How do the Hart-Cellar Act in 1965 impact neighborhoods?

it changed the ethnic diversity in neighborhoods by changing where immigrants came from

In the market everyone is the same: rich or poor, men or women, adults of children, brilliant or unintelligent, teachers or students. What is wrong with this statement?

it does not take power and status into account

What role did the federal government play in suburbanization?

it facilitated exodus of whites from central cities

Which of the following statements is true about urban ecology?

it is the process in which different groups sort themselves into the areas of a city where they thrive

What was the aim of the Diversity Visa Program?

it made visas available for African immigrants

Marshall and Kevin are two men who grew up in the same town as kids. Kevin is white, his parents owned their own home, and both parents have always had steady jobs with health insurance. Marshall is black, lived in a rented apartment, and his parents have always had employment but both work in part-time jobs with no health benefits. What idea would a sociologist most likely cite to explain why as an adult Marshall will most likely be less healthy than Kevin?

malpractice

The paradox of growing inequality and the belief in opportunity for all creates a special problem for the United States, which some scholars term the _______.

management of ambition

Eliza wants to post a picture of herself on her Facebook account from her family vacation to the beach. She takes multiple pictures of herself to get the right light and angle on her face. She then applies filters and touches up the picture until she is satisfied with the way her picture looks. What sociological concept best describes Eliza's actions with social media and digital technology?

management of self-presentation

Which best explains how urban economies transformed during the 1970s?

manufacturing jobs were replaced with service-sector jobs

For most of human history, the purpose of ____ was to have and raise children.

marriage

Educational homogamy refers to the likelihood of ______.

marrying someone with educational levels similar to your own

A situation where vastly greater numbers of people are held in prisons than in earlier periods of history or in comparison to similar countries is known as ______

mass incarcenation

To avoid the "treadmill of production," we need to move away from a _____.

materials-intensive growth model

The Mexican peso crisis ________.

may have been caused by NAFTA

According to the United Nations, which of the following is the greatest contributor to global warming?

meat production

A big corporation owns a cable company, a number of radio stations, and numerous websites. When it added a group of channels to its cable stations, all the media outlets advertised, mentioned, and discussed it. This is an example of _____.

media conglomeration

Jared is a lawyer. In most of his cases he defends individuals who have been misdiagnosed and treated incorrectly by doctors. In other words, Jared's cases mostly deal with _______.

medical malpractice

Who holds the most power in patriarchy?

men

What is one explanation for why women tend to have longer life expectancies than men?

men engage in more risky behaviors

Extensive specialization of labor began during the _____.

mid-nineteenth century

A child raised by the method of concerted cultivation is probably _____.

middle class

The saying goes that if you really want something, you are willing to work hard to get it. In what way does this apply to immigration?

migrant energy

Which of the following is an example of enforced importation?

migrating slaves in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

What process provides the foundation for a sociological approach to immigration as a whole?

migration

Company X makes a series of changes in its policies that fail to achieve its stated goal. Company Y makes changes that match its environment and does achieve these same goals. Company X failed because it did not practice _____.

mimetic isomorphism

The United States might not have _______, had it not been for social movement.

minority civil rights

Because early social causes such as the labor movement often involved riots, the first sociologists thought that they needed to study ______ to understand social movements.

mob psychology

Aryan is an American citizen now, but he wants to draw attention to the terrible condition of the average person in his homeland. Before he does anything else, he sends out direct mail contribution letters. What is Aryan doing?

mobilizing resources

What did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels describe as being founded on the "subjection of nature's forces to man"?

modern capitalism

Danny really wants to try out for the school musical. When he gets the lead role, his macho, athletic group of friends treats him as an outcast. This is an example of _______.

negative affirmations

What help in assimilating might immigrants have access to in the United States?

networks of naturalized citizens or natives

A private college attracts many students with its excellent pre-med and nursing programs. The college has found its _____ in medicine.

niche

In a deglobalized world, there is _________.

no importing or exporting

Language is an example of _____, whereas architecture is an example of _____.

nonmaterial culture; material culture

Rosa has obtained a job and may enter the United States legally. She wants to bring her four children with her. Fortunately her children qualify for ______ status.

numerically unlimited legal permanent residents

Joy was a nursing student in college. After several years of working in a hospital, she decides to go back to school and obtain a master's degree in nursing. What career is Joy most likely working toward in the medical field?

nurse practitioner

Kent is passionate about early childhood education. After college he is quickly able to find a job in a local elementary school as a second grade teacher. Kent is one of only two male teachers in the entire school. Which concept would a sociologist most likely use to describe Kent's experience at work?

occupational sex segregation

Joanne sells insurance - or at least seems to. When her customers give her money, she puts it in her bank account. This has worked really well for her until one of her customers had a claim and called the insurance company, only to find out they did not actually have a policy. Joanne's actions demonstrate a behavior ________.

of unethical business practices committed by people in the course of their work

There are signs that religiosity in America is _____ and that religiosity in other parts of the world, such as the Middle East, is _______.

on the decline; on the rise

The ______ is a custom that became enshrined in many state laws around the turn of the century to identify a person's race.

one-drop rule

How was inequality most present in primitive hunting and gathering societies?

only a small number of people had decision-making power

The Defense of Marriage Act _____.

only recognized heterosexual unions under federal law

The United States may never solve its welfare problems, as Americans are still _____.

opposed to big government

_____ solidarity, unlike _____ solidarity, is associated with an extensive division of labor in society.

organic; mechanical

The three types of _____ are coercive, normative, and mimetic.

organizational isomorphism

Which of the following terms best defines the direction of buying and selling goods and services the United States has taken recently?

outsourcing

Democracy gives people a voice in their own destiny, channels conflicts, and offers concessions to social movements. For these reasons _____ seldom, if ever, happens in democracies.

overthrow of the government

If a person is in hospice care, he is receiving ______.

palliative care

The best way for an employer to find workers without having to pay insurance and benefits is to hire _____ employees.

part-time

A husband and wife just had their first child. The husband would like to stay home with the child while the wife goes back to work, but the wife receives more leave from her job than her husband. So the wife stays home with the child. The decision for the wife to stay home is an example of _____.

path dependency

In general, the goals of _____ seek to _______ the doctor/patient relationship

patient-centered care; improve

One example of the way the modern medical profession practices ________ is through providing _______ to patients to explain their treatment.

patient-centered care; informed consent

Although the saying suggests that "you can't teach an old dog new tricks," sociologists know that _____.

people continue to learn and adapt to new situations in life all of the time

Sociologists consider _____ when explaining factors that impact the desire to move.

personal characteristics

An effective way power can be used to avoid conflict is to _____.

persuade people that there is no conflict

The displacement of many jobs once done in the United States now being done by workers in other countries is an example of how _____ shape our understanding and experiences in the world.

social and historical contexts

Because our individual health is impacted by _______, there are often long-term health implications as a result of one's childhood

social circumstances

The study of the different opinions that various groups might have to the introduction of a national park into a landscape would fall most directly under which field?

social consruction

The process by which people interpret the natural world and make it meaningful is called _____.

social construction

Over time, social theorists have helped us understand how characteristics of individuals, such as race and gender, are _____.

social constructions

According to Simmel, the difference between how emotionally close you may feel to your parent when compared to how emotionally unclose you may feel to your dentist is an example of how _____ matters in your daily life.

social distance

Durkheim emphasized _____, while Weber emphasized _____, in his theory of society.

social facts; social action

Manne lives, shops, and socializes in a neighborhood with many of his family members and other immigrants from the same part of the world. This neighborhood is his _____

social group

A caste society has an extreme amount of ____.

social immobility

Family, marriage, education, government, and religion are all examples of _____.

social institutions

According to Durkheim's study of suicide, what social variable is most relevant to understanding suicide rates?

social integration

According to the research of Craig Haney, what can cause prison inmates to hallucinate, be confused, and lose the ability to concentrate?

social isolation

What can you conclude about the individual and community life in modern society?

social isolation is a concern

Melinda has just moved to a new city. She applies for a job for which she is well-qualified, but loses it to another qualified candidate who has lived in the city all her life. This is an illustration of the influence of _____.

social networks

When examining market activity, what does sociology consider that classical economics does not?

social networks

The theoretical works of Emile Durkheim focus primarily on what theme?

social order

Sociological research about health shows that there is relationship between health choices and ______.

social relationships

Elementary school student, parent, employee, and spouse are all examples of different _____.

social statuses

Which of the following statements about social structures is true?

social structures tend to endure for long periods

An immigrant moves to a new country. In the immigrant's old country, people used their right hands to hold forks while eating. In the immigrant's new country, people use both their left and right hands to eat. Soon, the immigrant begins using both her left and right hands to eat. This is an example of _____.

socialization

Sending children to school is one way we engage individuals in the _____ process.

socialization

What is the process by which people learn the standards and expectations of their culture?

socialization

The ______ is one of the ways social scientists have clearly demonstrated ______ in populations

socioeconomic gradient in health; health disparities

Fundamental social cause theory says that ______ helps explain persistent health inequalities

socioeconomic status

Income, education, and occupation are the dimensions of _____.

socioeconomic status

What race is a Hispanic person most likely to select on U.S. census documents?

some other race

Sociologists _____ what is "structural" in a society and what is not.

sometimes disagree about

Activities like athletics, drama, and music in schools ______.

sometimes make the difference between schools being tolerable or intolerable for some students

The "conjugal family" differed from earlier models of family in that the married couple ______.

sought their fortune outside of their parents' households

The main difference between public and private schools in the United States is _______.

source of funding

Apple Computers took advantage of the Chinese workers' ______ to get out a new product at the last minute.

speed and flexibility

Sociologists define the term "community" as ______.

the degree to which individuals connect with, support, and interact with each other

According to a sociologist's definition of "the sacred," which of the following would most likely to be considered the most sacred to Americans?

the dollar bill

The terms "slut" and "player" are indicative of ______.

the double standard of sexuality

The stereotype of a typical office worker is a person stuck in a cubicle, performing meaningless tasks all day. What does this stereotype represent?

the downside of bureacracy

Like many economic plans, NAFTA mostly benefitted _______

the elite

Preservationists believe that ______.

the environment has intrinsic value

In one company, a secretary job and a factory job requiring the same level of education, skill, and labor will often have pay rates in which _____.

the factory job earns more money

Which of the following trends would most affect the life of a college student preparing for the working world?

the fastest-growing occupations are those at the top skill levels.

Which of the following is an example of a limit society places on certain people so that those people have difficulty moving up into higher social positions?

the glass ceiling

Which of the following states the relationship between automobiles and edge cities?

the growth of automobile ownership in developing countries has led to a steep increase in the number of edge cities

Compared to other countries in the world, the cost of public higher education in the United States is ______.

the highest

What are these two examples - the Arab Spring and a blog no one reads - contrasting?

the ideal function of the Internet and the reality of how the Internet functions

An aging population is of particular concern to the United States right now because the baby boomers are _____.

the largest birth cohort in history

Jolie is a sociologist interested in studying how women's health outcomes change over time. What theoretical perspective might be most helpful for Jolie to use in her research?

the life-course perspective

In Trobriand Island culture, who performs the duties that are commonly performed by fathers in the modern West?

the mother's brother

Who pays the highest tax rate in a properly functioning progressive tax system?

the upper class

Barry Wellman and others have focused on social ties in their research. What are social ties?

the various types of connections that individuals make with other people

A sociological theory of why racism occurs would consider ____.

the ways we are socialized into racism

In which field has the presence of women most greatly increased in the past 50 years?

the workforce

What is an example of a seemingly religious war that may not be about religion?

the-Catholic-Protestant war in Northern Ireland

The discussion of the interpretation of religious matters is called ______.

theology

Sociologists often use conceptual frameworks inherited from earlier scientists. These historical conceptual framework are called _____.

theoretical traditions

Unlike economics, sociology has many _____ to learn about.

theoretical traditions

_____ can help explain social change.

theories

Results from the U.S. New Immigrant Survey indicate that ______.

there are a wide range of different motivations to move to the United States

If the global market was marked on a map by groups of squares, what would it look like?

there would be a concentration of squares in regions such as North America and the European Union with only a few squares in between

Which of the following describes a way that significant others, role models, and reference groups are alike?

they all adhere to the generalized other

Which of the following best describes members of the same social class?

they have similar attitudes and behaviors

How do families with modest incomes typically acquire wealth?

through home ownership

Ramona has very little desire to move to the United States, but she knows that her job opportunities are much higher there. Jacob Mincer would call her a ______.

tied mover

Sally is a sociologist who is invented in studying religiosity in different age cohorts. She plans to conduct a survey that asks a representative sample of Americans from ages 13-70 about their religiosity. According to the findings of past research on religiosity and age, in which age group would she most likely find the lowest levels of religiosity?

young adults around the ages of 18-25