Unit 1 Exam

Which of the following statements is true?

The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake

The pH of chyme as it enters the duodenum is approximately

2

Kristan uses %DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of the Daily Value for which of the following nutrients?

Fiber

Which of the following topics is one of the four overarching guidelines of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Follow a healthy dietary pattern at every life stage

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement Hoodia for weight loss. Lotta Talent describes her own weight-loss successes with the supplement. Her endorsement is an example of a(n)

testimonial

A person must ____________ to make lasting changes to their food related behaviors.

motivated

A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents _______.

nutrient-deficiency disorders

Which of the following substances is a macronutrient?

Protein

Which of the following is NOT a key nutrition concept?

The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements

Consuming a diet that supplies large amounts of certain types of fat increases one's risk of developing heart disease. Thus, a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a ____________ for heart disease.

risk factor

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com

The ________ is a flap-like piece of tissue responsible for keeping a swallowed piece of food from entering the trachea.

epiglottis

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Monique is a 19-year-old college student who would like to follow a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of her typical "western" diet. Based on this information, Monique should

increase her intake of fruit

Dietary recommendations for _______ were not addressed in the guidelines prior to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

infants, birth through 24 month

Which of the following statements is a health claim that the FDA allows on a food package?

"While many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat may reduce the risk of this disease."

Which of the following standards can help you compare nutritional contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices?

%DVs

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugar intake should be limited to less than ________% of total daily calories.

10

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, saturated fat intake should be limited to less than ________% of total daily calories.

10

The _______ is the middle segment of the small intestine.

Jejunum

The ileocecal sphincter is located between the ileum and

ascending colon

Which of the following statements is true?

People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement

Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods.

Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables

April is starting to train for hotdog eating contests. She is curious about the maximum capacity of the stomach. About what is believed to be the maximum capacity of the stomach?

16 cups

According to MyPlate, Farah should consume 3 cups of milk daily. She prefers eating plain yogurt to drinking milk. How much plain yogurt can she eat to meet her plan's recommendation for milk and milk products?

3 cups

Which of the following sources of oils would be recommended as part of a healthy diet?

avocado

A small apple supplies approximately 40,000 _________

calories

Goblet cells produce

mucus

Which of the following statements is true?

In general, registered dietitian nutritionists are reliable sources of nutrition information.

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?

Leafy greens

Which of the following statements is true?

Most food guides classify eggs in the protein foods group

Due to a respiratory bacterial infection, Amanda had to take a large spectrum antibiotic for a period of 7 days. At the end of the regimen, her respiratory problem was gone; however, she informed her doctor that she now has diarrhea and other digestive problems. What do you think the doctor will recommend to Amanda to relieve her diarrhea and digestive problems?

Take probiotics to restore the population of beneficial bacteria she lost due to the antibiotic she was taking

After being absorbed, most lipids undergo special processing before they enter

lacteals within the villi

According to the MyPlate guidelines, fruits and vegetables should account for about ________ of the food on a person's plate.

one-half

The ________ cells of the gastric glands synthesize and release intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption

parietal

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

Bile

Which of the following is NOT a major factor impacting a person's food choices?

Blood type

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?

Blueberries

Most Americans purchase less than recommended amounts of _____________

fruits

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C and 100 mL water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ___________.

Carbohydrates 4 kcal Proteins 4 kcal fat 9 kcal 117 kcals

Starting as chyme enters the large intestine, which of the following lists the correct order of the sections of the large intestine?

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract?

Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the

Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

which of the following foods is NOT a rich natural source of phytochemicals?

Lean meat

You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following menu items would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Meatless bean dip

Which of the following is NOT a reason dietary recommendations undergo revisions?

Nutrition is an exact science

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet related cause of death in the United States?

Stroke

Which of the following statements is true?

The Choose Your Foods Tool can be used to estimate the carbohydrate content of food

Which of the following statements is true?

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.

Which of the following statements is true?

The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

Which of the following observations is an example of a negative correlation?

When a group of older adults increases their intake of high-fiber foods, the percentage of people in the group who develop intestinal cancer decreases.

Which of the following statements about sphincters is false?

When a sphincter relaxes, the passageway closes to prevent movement of GI contents.

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

When members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk for bone fractures decreases.Correct

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

Women who smoke 5 or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day during pregnancy.

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch. She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. Once the bite of sandwich has been chewed, moistened, and mixed with saliva, it is called

a bolus

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of

a testimonial

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the ________.

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n)

anecdote

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an

anecdote

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his body

cannot begin starch digestion

Generally, epidemiological studies ________.

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

A researcher wants to identify lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer in men. His study design involves enrolling 250 adult men who have stomach cancer, and 250 men who are cancer-free, but have similar characteristics and backgrounds as the men who have stomach cancer. The researcher collects and analyzes information about each participant's lifestyle. Based on this information, what kind of study is the researcher conducting?

case control study

Choosing foods based on religious teachings is an example of ____________ factors influencing eating habits.

cognitive

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a(n)

condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning.

According to the observations of a nutrition scientist, laboratory mice are healthier when their diet contains physiological levels of vitamin D than when their diet lacks the micronutrient. The scientist hypothesizes that mice will be less likely to develop cancer when they consume a diet that supplies megadoses of vitamin D. Based on this information, the scientist is ready to

conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice.

Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups with 50 people per group. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria, and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria-free. The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

double blind

A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a(n) ________ study.

epidemiological

A nutrition researcher observes that preschool aged children who eat fewer vegetables are more likely to be overweight or obese than those children who eat more vegetables. The researcher then develops a _______________, a possible explanation for the observation, to guide her research project.

hypothesis

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his

intestinal tract does not absorb much fat.

For several years, Corey has suffered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed. Based on this information, Corey probably has

irritable bowel syndrome.

Which of the following are common signs or symptoms of pellagra?

mental confusion and scaly skin sores

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should

not worry, because she is not constipated.

Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who the fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of an

prospective study

During an online interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement, "Most Americans suffer from nutritional-deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________.

scare tactic

For lunch today, Quentin ate a turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, a small bag of pretzels, and an apple. He also drank a 20-fluid ounce orange-flavored sports drink. Which component of his lunch would be considered a source of empty calories?

sports drink

Each of the following foods elicits an umami taste except

strawberries

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

sweet