Unit 1: Foundations of Sport Management Chpt. 1 History of Sport Management

Mission vs. vision statement?

A Mission Statement answers "What business are we in" as opposed to a Vision Statement which answers "What do we want to become"?

What is the main difference between clubs back than and now?

Back then clubs played more of a back office role than they do now, they had to schedule there own games sell there own tickets etc.

What was the first sport to successfully employ the league structure?

Baseball

What did Christine Grant & Judy Sweet do?

Championed Title IX and gender equity efforts for female athletes

What are the 3 basic building blocks of sports management?

Clubs, Leagues, and Professional Tournaments

What did Billie Jean King do?

Defeated Bobby Riggs in the 1973 battle of the sexes and established the Women's Tennis Association.

Planning

Defining organizational goals and determining the appropriate means by which to achieve these desired goals. Planning is continuous!

What makes a good leader?

Delegating, conflict management, managing change, motivating employees, and having effective communication.

Who was the first women elected to the baseball hall of fame?

Effa Manley

What is human relations movement/management?

Elton Mayo came up with this. Social factors were important. Mental Heath mattered!

What is modern management like?

Employee involvement, employee empowerment, and manager concern for employees. Better communication, decision making, leadership, and motivation. Productivity still important but approached differently

What country is the birthplace of modern sport?

England

How does one evaluate employees?

Establishing reporting systems, developing performance standards, comparing employee performance to those standards, designing reward systems

What group of people was early golf professionals?

European men and upper class white males who were typically country club members

Who is Jeanie Buss?

Executive VP of the Los Angelos Lakers.

What is scientific management (Taylorism)?

Fredrick Taylor came up with it. Workers all had to work the same way to promote efficiency and he would entice with economic incentives.

What are the 2 major sports with tournament style play?

Golf and tennis

What did William Hulbert believe needed to be changed?

He believed they needed to run the sport like a business, this was the birth of sport management. He also introduced pennant races which kept the attendance up at regular season games. He wanted to ensure stability of the league.

What sport introduced sport gambling and is still one of the most gambled on sports today?

Horse Racing

What rules did National League owners input on there players?

Imposed curfews, banned them from gambling in order to keep an honest sport

What is governance?

It made rules and regulations, it ensured fair competition, and it cultivated loyalty to specific clubs within an organization.

What is the Rooney Rule?

It requires at least 1 women and one underrepresented minority to be considered in the slate of candidates every open position or senior position.

Who was the first African American to break the color barrier?

Jackie Robinson

Who was the first female with a GM role in MLB?

Kim NG

What is the Hollywood effect?

Made golf more dependent on sponsorship, organized the players into self governed associations started pro ams to financially support this

How has league structures evolved?

More teams and more than one conference

How can leagues make there own money today?

Naming there stadiums, licensing agreements and sponsorships, and TV deals

Management Principles

Planning, organizing, leading, evaluating

What did "upside down sport" mean?

Players were the back office

What is the pro am?

Pro plays with an amateur to get publicity and they link it to charities to get a tax deductible.

What is the 4 steps of the decision making model?

Problem statement, generating alternatives, evaluate alternatives, select the best alternative

Organizing

Putting plans into action, figuring out who's responsible for each job, and making organizational charts, determining position descriptions and qualifications

What are the 2 early phases of Management?

Scientific and Human Relations movement and management

Salary vs non salary teams

Teams and players would fluctuate year to year because not everyone was paid to play so people would leave and come back.

What other sports have tournament structure?

Tennis, golf, multi sport events like triathlon, olympics

Who were the first female athletes that were recognized?

The 16 women

Who was Fred Corcoran?

The architect of the professional golf tournament

What did clubs look like prior to having a league system?

The club leaders organized practices, rented field time etc.

What led to professional baseball teams forming the National Association of Professional Baseball Players?

The fact that not all athletes were paid on a salary. And it was common for teams to form and fall apart and reform within a 1 year period so they wanted it for more unity.

What was the ban in baseball for African Americans?

The national league prohibited African Americans from participating. In 1880 major/minor league teams would roster African Americans but in 1888 the ban extended to any white baseball leagues.

Now that clubs do not handle the governance of their leagues how do they ensure it is fair for all teams?

They have a player association within each league in order to oversee the governing bodies to create collective bargaining agreements and more.

How has sports audiences evolved?

They have astronomically increased

What was one of the first sports transformed by club management?

Thoroughbred Racing (horse racing)- the jockey club

What was Hulbert's main goal?

To ensure stability in the league

Course of action for sport organization

Vision statements, mission statements, goals, objectives, tactics, and roles

When did tournaments stabilize?

When the pros found sponsors to back the prize money for the players and the players didn't have to pay to enter.

Who is considered the Czar of Baseball and took over management in 1876 and re-named the sporting body the National League of Professional Baseball Players?

William Hulbert

What happens after organizing?

You have to staff by advertising, recruiting, reviewing applications, interviewing and once you have staffed you have to do orientation, training, and professional development

Why are people skills important?

You need to be able to effectively communicate with all different types of people