unit 1 test ap gov
Which of the following actions by the federal government would most likely be considered an implied power based on the precedent established by McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?
outlawing the recreational use of marijuana
In United States v. Lopez (1995), the federal government's principal argument was that
the existence of firearms in schools would jeopardize the economy by increasing insurance rates and inhibiting student learning.
Which of the following scenarios would violate the Tenth Amendment?
Congress passing a law raising the minimum driving age to 21
What was one of the short-term effects of Federalist No. 10?
The state of New York ratified the new Constitution in 1788.
Why have there been relatively few constitutional amendments?
A Constitution Amendment Bill requires more than a simple majority to be ratified.
Opposition to the Articles of Confederation reflected what shift in American political beliefs?
A growing concern that a decentralized government was not an effective way to secure the rights of the people.
"As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed . . . The diversity in the faculties of men, from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insuperable obstacle to a uniformity of interests. The protection of these faculties is the first object of government. From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately results; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the respective proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties." -Publius (James Madison), Federalist No. 10 Which of the following statements best summarizes Madison's arguments?
A large republic can control the negative aspects of factions.
In explaining the sentiments of the Framers of the Constitution, a political scientist would most likely use Federalist No. 10 to illustrate which of the following?
Direct democracy is incapable of providing stable, lasting government.
Which of the following was a short-term effect of the Articles of Confederation?
Economic tension between the states.
Which two were weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? I. The federal government could not levy taxes. II. The executive branch was more powerful than Congress. III. The federal government could not raise an army. IV. Each state had two votes in a bicameral Congress.
I and III
"The influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, but will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States. A religious sect may degenerate into a political faction in a part of the Confederacy; but the variety of sects dispersed over the entire face of it must secure the national councils against any danger from that source. A rage for paper money, for an abolition of debts, for an equal division of property, or for any other improper or wicked project, will be less apt to pervade the whole body of the Union than a particular member of it; in the same proportion as such a malady is more likely to taint a particular county or district, than an entire State."Federalist No. 10Which of the following Constitutional provisions best limits the power of factions outlined in the excerpt above?
Republicanism
Which of the following most accurately describes the allocation of powers to the national and state governments in the Constitution?
The Constitution delegates several specific powers to the national government but does not specify the powers that are left to state governments.
The list of grievances in the Declaration of Independence best helps support which of the following claims?
The King of England had broken the social contract with the colonists.
Sentiment towards the concept of liberty found in Brutus No. 1 most strongly supports which of the following statements?
The experience of the American Revolution underpins most Anti-Federalist fears.
"When land-forces are raised by any state for the common defence, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each state respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such state shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointment." Articles of Confederation, Article VII, 1777 Which of the following is a consequence of the policy described in the passage above?
The federal government did not have the power to create a centralized military during peace times.
The ability to compromise helped secure ratification of the Constitution proposed in 1787, but left many matters unresolved that still generate intense debates today. Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies an issue that the compromises at the Constitutional Convention did not resolve?
The issue that sometimes state and federal law are in conflict with each other. For example, under federal law, marijuana is illegal, yet many states have legalized its use for medicinal or recreational purposes.
Which of the following most accurately describes a change in the allocation of national and state power that has occurred since the ratification of the Constitution?
The national government has gained additional power relative to the states as a result of its increased power to tax and spend.
A member of Congress has proposed an amendment to the Constitution to revise the 2nd Amendment. Which of the following options best describes what would have to happen for this proposed change to 2nd Amendment to take effect?
The proposed change to the 2nd Amendment would need to be passed by a 2/3rd majority in both the House and Senate and ratified by 3/4ths of the State Legislatures.
A political scientist would most likely use U.S. v. Lopez (1995) to illustrate which of the following?
There are limits to the power granted to Congress through the Commerce Clause of the Constitution.
Which of the following procedures results in the addition of an amendment to the Constitution?
Two-thirds of state legislatures propose a Constitution Amendment Bill, which is ratified by three-fourths of the states.
"The influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States but will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States. A religious sect may degenerate into a political faction in a part of the Confederacy, but the variety of sects dispersed over the entire face of it must secure the national councils against any danger from that source. A rage for paper money, for an abolition of debts, for an equal division of property, or for any other improper or wicked project, will be less apt to pervade the whole body of the Union than a particular member of it; in the same proportion as such a malady is more likely to taint a particular county or district, than an entire State."Federalist No. 10 . Which of the following best supports the argument in the excerpt above?
"Hence, it clearly appears, that the same advantage which a republic has over a democracy, in controlling the effects of faction, is enjoyed by a large over a small republic, is enjoyed by the Union over the States composing it:'
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness ... That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, ... That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it,..."-The Declaration of Independence, 1776Over time the government of the United States struggled with fulfilling the promise that "all men are created equal, and are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights." Which amendment below has done the most to fulfill the promise of equality embedded in the Declaration of Independence?
14th Amendment
Which of the following is the most accurate comparison of those who viewed themselves as Federalists or Anti-Federalists?
A. Federalists: Merchants, lawyers, and landowners. Anti-Federalists: Small farmers, yeomen, and mechanics.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the separation of powers in Congress?
A. House: Introduces all tax bills. Senate: Confirms presidential appointments.
Which of the following historical figures would have been most likely to agree with the McCulloch v. Maryland decision?
Alexander Hamilton
Which of the following is one example of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Amending the Articles required a unanimous vote of the states, which was nearly impossible.
Which of the following correctly describes a method by which another political institution can limit the policymaking authority Congress?
An executive agency can use discretionary authority granted by Congress to determine how to implement legislation.
To ensure ratification of the Constitution there were many compromises between Federalists and Anti-Federalists that needed to be accomplished. Which set of comparisons below most accurately reflect the final resolutions each group desired?
B. Federalists: The Constitution is the "supreme law of the land." Anti-Federalists: The 10th Amendment reserves powers to the states not prohibited in the Constitution.
Based on Federalist No. 51, which of the following can best be inferred about one of the three branches of the federal government?
Candidates for the judiciary branch may require special qualifications and appointment.
Which of the following tends to shift power from state governments to the federal government?
Categorical grants
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two court cases?
Comparison A. McCulloh v. Maryland: Ruled that national laws were supreme to state laws. US v. Lopez: Ruled the Gun-Free School Zones was unconstitutional.
"Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons."-U.S. Constitution - Article I, Section 2 Which of the following ideals, critical in a participatory democracy, can be ascertained from the provided excerpt?
Compromise
Which of the following statements best summarizes the decision in United States v. Lopez (1995)?
Congress cannot use the Commerce Clause to regulate the possession of firearms in public schools
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of "separation of powers" in the US Constitution?
Congress has authority over the federal budget, while the president appoints Supreme Court justices.
"As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed . . . The diversity in the faculties of men, from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insuperable obstacle to a uniformity of interests. The protection of these faculties is the first object of government. From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately results; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the respective proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties." -Publius (James Madison), Federalist No. 10 Which of the following statements is most consistent with the author's argument in this passage?
Factions, while inevitable, can be controlled.
U.S. v. Lopez (1995) reflects what shift in American beliefs?
Federal encroachments on state sovereignty need to be reined in.
Which of the following describes a limit on the ability of interest groups to achieve their public policy goals?
Legislation promoted by interest groups can be challenged in federal courts and found to violate the Constitution.
The Supreme Court case Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha (1983) decided that neither chamber of Congress was authorized to invalidate deportation rulings issued by the federal courts, effectively declaring the socalled "legislative veto" unconstitutional. Which of the following is not a logical way for the Supreme Court to declare the unconstitutionality of a legislative veto?
The Fourth Amendment
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, liberty and the pursuit of Happiness ... That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, ... That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, ..."-The Declaration of Independence, 1776 Which of the following best reflects the sentiments of the excerpt above?
The Social Contract
Federalist No. 51, James Madison, 1788 "[T)he great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constitutional rights of the place. It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed, and in the next place oblige it to control itself."Quoted in The Avalon Project, Yale Law School. Which of the following characteristics of the early republic's origins best addresses Madison's concerns?
The division of Congress into two branches
Question 100 / 1 point "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, liberty and the pursuit of Happiness ... That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, ... That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, ..."-The Declaration of Independence, 1776 Which of the following Constitutional provisions reflect the sentiments expressed above in the Declaration of Independence?
The establishment of the House of Representatives under the original Constitution.
Based on Federalist No. 10, which of the following statements could best be inferred about James Madison's political philosophy?
The protection of personal property is important to keeping a political society stable.
Which of the following is an accurate description of the information contained in the chart?
When the table was published, the highest and lowest minimum wages in the states represented in the chart varied by more than $2.
In 1972, both houses of Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), a Constitutional amendment guaranteeing equal rights for all citizens regardless of sex. However, the amendment failed, as three-quarters of the states did not ratify it before the deadline expired. This is an example of which of the following aspects of federalism in the United States?
The sharing of power between states and the federal government constrains national policy making.
Which of the following is a consequence of the principle of separation of powers?
There are multiple access points for stakeholders and institutions to influence public policy.
In what ways were the Declaration of Independence and Thomas Paine's Common Sense similar?
They both stated that the colonists needed to make a permanent break from Britain.
Based on your knowledge of the grievances listed in the Declaration, which of the following best describes their impact on the debates held at the Constitutional Convention?
They framed the arguments around the power of the executive.
The Constitutional Convention addressed many issues around slavery. Which of the following was an issue that was left unresolved about slavery at the Constitutional Convention?
Whether the states or Congress had the power to ban slavery in any new territory added to the United States.
A Senator wants to incentivize higher education for students from low-income families and wants to provide clear guidelines on how states implement those incentives. Which type of grant should she propose?
a categorical grant
In 1974, Congress created a program that grants money to state and local governments to help revitalize low income communities. State and local governments can decide how best to use their money and used it to rebuild streets, fund libraries, and fix drinking water systems. This is an example which of the following types of federal aid?
block grants
Why did the Framers decide to include Article V of the Constitution, detailing an amendment process?
concerns about protecting self-government
Elena Alvarez, a political scientist, decides to use this infographic to argue that the United States practices a particular model of democracy. Which of the following models would Elena most likely argue for, based on the infographic?
elite democracy
Which of the following may Congress do to limit the power of the executive?
impeach the president
According to the McCulloch v. Maryland case, the establishment of the Second Bank of the United states was
implied in the text of the Constitution.
"The influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular states, but will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other states: a religious sect may degenerate into a political faction in a part of the confederacy; but the variety of sects dispersed over the entire face of it, must secure the national councils against any danger from that source: a rage for paper money, for an abolition of debts, for an equal division of property, or for any other improper or wicked project, will be less apt to pervade the whole body of the union." Publius (James Madison), Federalist #10, 1787 Which of the following models of representative democracy is most consistent with the passage?
pluralist democracy
"Because of our two-party system, voters often find themselves voting for the 'lesser of two evils,' rather than a candidate they really feel would do the best job. . . .Since most states distribute their electoral votes on a winner-take-all basis, the smaller party has no chance to gain support without seeming to take this support from one of the major parties. Few people will support a party that never wins, especially when they are supporting that party at the possible expense of their least favorite candidate taking power." Source: FairVote.org Which of the following governmental policies would the author of this passage most likely support?
reforming or elminating the Electoral College
President Bill Clinton avoided removal from office as a result of impeachment in 1998-1999. This was because
the House impeached Clinton but the Senate acquitted him of the charges.
"As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed . . . The diversity in the faculties of men, from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insuperable obstacle to a uniformity of interests. The protection of these faculties is the first object of government. From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately results; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the respective proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties." -Publius (James Madison), Federalist No. 10 According to the author, what is the purpose of government?
to control factions