Unit 1 test

A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?

77

Researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems. What conclusion can correctly be drawn from this statement?

As income increases, the likelihood of dental problems decreases.

Ian Pavlov

conditioned dogs to the sound of bells

According to one theory of psychology, many people have mental illnesses because their maladaptive behaviors have proven rewarding for them in the past and thus have been continued. This belief is consistent with which of the following models?

Behavioral

Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?

Behaviorist

Which theoretical perspective in psychology attempts to characterize the way in which humans store and process sensory information?

Cognitive

Which of the following is a term for a variable that researchers do not control and that can affect the results of a study?

Confounding variable

Introspection as practiced by early structuralists is best illustrated by which of the following behaviors?

Describing one's immediate sensations while looking at a rose

researchers do not control the affects of a study...

confounding variable

There is a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and instances of snakebites. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this correlation?

Hot weather is related to both ice cream sales and snake activity.

Rocio is continually learning new skills and gaining insights into herself. Although she is not experiencing any distress, she chooses to see a therapist. This primary emphasis on growth is most reflective of which of the following perspectives?

Humanistic

A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the independent variable in this study?

Type of television program viewed

industrial organization psychologist studies...

effectiveness of management training

In the early years of psychology, a research participant might have been asked to observe carefully and systematically his conscious experiences. What method would the participant be using?

introspection

developmental psych shift in the last 25 years

shift from childhood to over lifespan

person displays a set of rare behaviors not known previously

case study

Dr. Jones is conducting research to determine if IQ changes with age. The research design includes three groups of participants. Group 1 consists of 10 year olds, group 2 of 15 year olds, and group 3 of 25 year olds. Dr. Jones gives an IQ test to all three groups to determine the average IQ of each group. The design of the research is

cross sectional

Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?

experimental

The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives?

psychodynamic

The most important reason to use operational definitions in psychological research is it

helps everyone involved with research understand data and collect the same way

Which of the following would an industrial-organizational psychologist be LEAST likely to study?

least likely to study corporate gross profit

benefit of cross sectional

less time required than longtitual

A disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that

participants who drop out during the course of the study may be different in important ways from ones who do not drop out

Gestalt psychology is concerned primarily with understanding which of the following?

perception

According to the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA), which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects?

should conform to APA ethical guidelines animal research

The results of a correlational study involving student volunteers in a psychology laboratory might not apply to the general population because

the sample is not randomly chosen and therefore may not be a representative sample

Marjorie's little brother tends to bother her when he is bored. Marjorie wants to figure out which toy will keep her brother occupied the longest so he will not bother her. She conducts a study where each day at 6P.M. for a week she gives her brother a different toy and on one of the days she gives him no toys to play with. She measures the amount of time he spends playing with each toy before he comes to bother her. Which of the following is the independent variable in this example?

type of toy is the independent variable