Unit 13 ECB Questions

demonstrate the spontaneous flowing of paint across a surface

Helen Frankenthaler used diluted paint primarily to: - demonstrate the spontaneous flowing of paint across a surface - create the illusion of distance and depth in her work - form hard-edged geometric compositions using tonal variants - reveal the expressive power of vigorous brushwork

Emily Kame Kngwarreye's Earth's Creation reflects the artist's roots in aboriginal ceremonial sand painting as well as demonstrating continuity with the style of the Western art movement known as: - Expressionism - Constructivism - Impressionism - Surrealism

Impressionism

provoke dialogue about how stereotypes still affect contemporary society

In Darkytown Rebellion, Kara Walker uses silhouettes of nineteenth-century racist images to: - contrast with her advocacy for respectability politics - provide positive role models for other oppressed groups - provoke dialogue about how stereotypes still affect contemporary society - document the triumphs of African Americans despite their oppression

constructing a work of art to display outside of a museum or gallery context

When Robert Smithson created Spiral Jetty in 1970, he demonstrated the postwar challenge to traditional art making by: - integrating new media into the design and experience of the site - creating an ephemeral sculpture that could be recreated in different locations - constructing a work of art to display outside of a museum or gallery context - encouraging the viewer to contemplate political issues and current events

From an art historical perspective, Magdalena Abakanowicz' Androgyne III can best be interpreted as: revealing the truth in the natural world expressing human suffering representing immigrant experiences exploring issues of gender identity

expressing human suffering

In the work shown, Warhol's use of a silkscreen technique emphasizes superficiality and a sense of detachment by: - creating more volume - elevating the medium - achieving perfect reproduction - flattening the image

flattening the image

Ai Weiwei's installation Kui Hua Zi (Sunflower Seeds) is made from printed paper papier-mâché seed hulls porcelain

porcelain

The repeated installation of Yayoi Kusama's Narcissus Garden after its initial appearance in 1966 changed the original interpretation of the work by: shifting the work's focus from critiquing to participating in art as a commodity making it possible for the work to be recognized as political commentary revealing Kusama's decision to voluntarily live out her life in a mental hospital illuminating how the artist transformed modernist aesthetics in her work

shifting the work's focus from critiquing to participating in art as a commodity

Kara Walker's installation Darkytown Rebellion has been interpreted as challenging the historical erasure of African Americans because of its: - silhouettes that were drawn from historical visuals - ambiguous depiction of a historical rebellion - video projections which engage the viewer's space - correction of nineteenth-century imagery

silhouettes that were drawn from historical visuals

El Anatsui's Old Man's Cloth is experienced differently by viewers each time it is displayed because the work: - takes a new shape each time it is hung - degrades quickly and so elements are replaced - requires viewers' interaction through touch - is added to in a gradual process of enlargement

takes a new shape each time it is hung

Ai Weiwei's choice of material creates a link to much earlier Chinese works such as: - the David vases - Red and White Plum Blossoms - Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace - the terra cotta warriors

the David vases

was creating exact reproductions of old master paintings

According to Cindy Sherman, she only sourced printed images from books to create her work Untitled (#228) from the History Portraits series because she: - wanted to use imagery available to anyone in the world - did not have access to nearby museums and galleries - was creating exact reproductions of old master paintings - needed to cut up the book pages to use for collage

reference astronomical events

All of the following are similarities of both the Great Serpent Mound and Spiral Jetty EXCEPT that they: - reference astronomical events - are experienced by being walked on - were created by reworking materials present at the site - are best viewed from the air

Robert Venturi

Because of its eclectic combination of stylistic elements, the building shown can be attributed to: - Mies van der Rohe - Frank Lloyd Wright - Le Corbusier - Robert Venturi

Non-representational

Both works are best categorized as: - Synthetic Cubist - Realist - Neoclassical - Non-representational

pop art

Both works represent an art movement known as: - digital art - pop art - feminist art - Minimalism

Which of the following statements accurately describes Mutu's Preying Mantra and Cindy Sherman's Untitled (#228) from the History Portraits series? Both works comment on the impact of European culture on cultures that were colonized. Both works incorporate autobiographical references to elicit empathy from viewers. Both works use design and content to question traditional cultural assumptions. Both works have an aesthetic philosophy that values form over content.

Both works use design and content to question traditional cultural assumptions.

1960s

Both works were created in the: - 1950s - 1940s - 1970s - 1960s

The choice of sunflower seeds as the subject matter of the work shown was influenced by their association with: - Daoist concepts of the sublime - the "Sun King", Louis XIV, and the gardens at Versailles - agriculture and the triumph of humans over nature - Chairman Mao and China's Cultural Revolution

Chairman Mao and China's Cultural Revolution

a political statement against the Vietnam War

Claes Oldenburg intended his monumental sculpture of Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar Tracks at Yale University primarily as: - an endorsement of the role of women in the military - a protest against the commercialization of modern art - a political statement against the Vietnam War - a celebration of the modern beauty industry

Seriality because small, discrete items are accumulated in shifting arrangements

El Anatsui's Old Man's Cloth and Ai Weiwei's Kui Hua Zi (Sunflower Seeds) address which of the following? - Commodification because the materials are readily available for purchase - Seriality because small, discrete items are accumulated in shifting arrangements - Site specificity because both works were commissioned for particular locations - Post-nationalism because both works were designed to avoid regional and national references

engage the audience in a reflection about cultural gender norms

For his installation En la Barberia no se Llora (No Crying Allowed in the Barbershop), Pepon Osorio combined a barbershop with various types of imagery primarily in order to: - make the audience aware of the consequences of colonialism - confront the audience with the legacy of dictatorships - promote pride in the audience about their cultural heritage - engage the audience in a reflection about cultural gender norms

To create a reflective effect that utilized surface and sunlight

Frank Gehry selected titanium instead of more traditional materials when designing the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao for which of the following reasons? - To create a reflective effect that utilized surface and sunlight - To create a cost-efficient but highly effective fire-resistant exterior - To demonstrate the use of environmentally responsible materials - To celebrate the advances of scientific innovation in Bilbao

narratives of women as passive characters

In Lying with Wolf, Kiki Smith decided to depict a woman with a wolf to challenge traditional: - roles of women as mothers and caregivers - depictions of animals as sacred beings - symbolic representations of marital fidelity - narratives of women as passive characters

a fairy tale

In Lying with the Wolf, Kiki Smith reinterprets a well-known narrative by including visual references to: - a fairy tale - lyrics from traditional songs - popular television characters - biblical parables

appreciate the relationships and interactions between colors, which are not intended to be representative

In The Bay, Helen Frankenthaler created a large-scale work that invites the viewer to: - decipher the work's meaning based on its social context, according to Abstract Expressionist philosophy - explore the varying surface textures and gestural marks, which resemble Abstract Expressionist works - examine their own cultural stereotypes, prompted by references to imagery from popular media - appreciate the relationships and interactions between colors, which are not intended to be representative

flattened metal cans that were joined together with rivets

In creating the work shown, Michel Tuffery used: - flattened metal cans that were joined together with rivets - molded porcelain that was painted with different colored glazes - cast brass that was molded into shape by using a lost-wax method - cloth that was soaked in resin and painted once hardened

scented air, photography, and a 3-D video shown in a small room

In her installation Pure Land, Mariko Mori created an immersive atmosphere by combining: - flashing neon lights with videos shown on closed-circuit televisions - scented air, photography, and a 3-D video shown in a small room - photographs, knickknacks, and found objects in a replica of a barbershop - cardboard silhouettes and colors projected onto a wall

fusing traditional cultural motifs with materials and techniques from Western artistic traditions

In her work Earth's Creation, Emily Kame Kngwarreye recontextualizes her Australian Aboriginal beliefs in order to create a more personal artistic vision by: - enlarging traditional Australian Aboriginal iconography onto a monumental scale - abandoning traditional Australian Aboriginal art style in favor of inventing completely new techniques - fusing traditional cultural motifs with materials and techniques from Western artistic traditions - rejecting figurative art traditions in favor of embracing European modernist abstraction

incorporating imagery from popular culture

In her work Pure Land, Mariko Mori breaks with art tradition and reflects the evolution of what is defined as art by: - including well-understood religious symbols - incorporating imagery from popular culture - depicting the scene in front of a rising sun - placing the image between layers of glass

Hand-bound books and scrolls printed with woodblock

In his installation A Book from the Sky, Xu Bing referenced which of the following traditional Chinese art forms in order to comment on the political and cultural context of twentieth-century Chinese society? - Silk screens painted with watercolor and ink - Propagandist posters depicting historical Chinese leaders - Wall hangings showing monumental calligraphic characters - Hand-bound books and scrolls printed with woodblock

story quilt

In order to express a connection with a medium that is typically linked to women, Faith Ringgold created Dancing at the Louvre as a mixed-media: - installation - story quilt - performance - exhibition

featured versions of the sculpture in interactive public street performances

In order to heighten the impact of his work, Tuffery: - created an immersive experience by featuring the sculpture in a video installation - sold miniature copies of the sculpture at international art exhibits - featured versions of the sculpture in interactive public street performances - documented the creation of the sculpture in a series of published photographs

explore the pure qualities of color as a subject in its own right

In painting The Bay, Helen Frankenthaler stained the canvas with fields of color in order to: - use abstraction as a means to express deeper spiritual truths - critique the commercialized nature of the contemporary art world - express her current emotional state as a type of visual diary - explore the pure qualities of color as a subject in its own right

orienting the walls so that they point to the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial

In the design of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Maya Lin drew connections between the Vietnam War and other events in United States history by: - including the names of soldiers who died in the First and Second World Wars - orienting the walls so that they point to the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial - situating the memorial at the exact center of the National Mall - positioning the memorial at an equal distance from the United States Capitol building and the White House

employing repetition of appropriated photographic imagery

In the work shown, Andy Warhol departed from earlier artistic approaches in European and American painting that attempted to distribute form and color evenly across a large canvas by: - creating ambivalence through a unique mixed-media installation - supplementing the painting with three-dimensional found objects - employing repetition of appropriated photographic imagery - abstracting the female form through frantic paint application

allude to the volume of Chinese goods in contemporary global markets

In the work shown, one reason that Ai Weiwei included over a million handmade sunflower seeds spread across a large area was to: - allude to the volume of Chinese goods in contemporary global markets - evoke a sense of environmental waste and destruction on a large scale - suggest unequal distribution of agricultural resources in the global economy - symbolize the mass migration of Chinese people from rural to urban areas

comment on the legacy of colonialism

In their works Pisupa Lua Afe (Corned Beef 2000) and Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People), Michel Tuffery and Jaune Quick-to-See Smith incorporate everyday items primarily in order to: - explore the aesthetic qualities of ordinary objects - criticize the economic impact of modern consumerism - make a contemporary antiwar statement - comment on the legacy of colonialism

Black lines that create movement

Julie Mehretu's Stadia II and Vassily Kandinsky's Improvisation 28 (second version) share which of the following features? - Black lines that create movement - Monumental size - Geometric shapes in flat colors - Heavily applied oil paint

provocative imagery to address issues of humanity

Magdalena Abakanowicz' Androgyne III demonstrates continuity with other figural works from the late twentieth century in the artist's use of: - precise molds to produce exact forms - conventional materials to illustrate timeless themes - provocative imagery to address issues of humanity - assistants to gain detachment from the process

symmetrical balance

Shirin Neshat's Rebellious Silence, from the Women of Allah series, demonstrates the use of: - symmetrical balance - chiarascuro - aerial perspective - hierarchic scale

draw attention to the environmental impact of cattle farming in the Pacific Islands

Michel Tuffery chose the image of a bull for his work in order to: - draw attention to the environmental impact of cattle farming in the Pacific Islands - symbolize the powerful forces of the modern globalized economy - pay homage to Pacific Island traditions by referencing a symbol of indigenous culture - evoke the memory of an infamous historic event that had lasting impact

Maya Lin's design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial draws primarily on the influence of which of the following artistic movements? Deconstructionism Abstract Expressionism Minimalism Post Modernism

Minimalism

El Anatsui's Old Man's Cloth demonstrates the artist's desire to maintain a connection with traditional art from Nigeria by including visual references to: graphic motifs that are linked to specific historical events European aluminum mining in Nigeria a rich tradition of relief sculptures that are hung on walls Nigerian cloth and its geometric patterns

Nigerian cloth and its geometric patterns

symbolized to him the natural cycle of creation and decay

Robert Smithson chose the motif of the spiral for his earthwork Spiral Jetty because its shape: - would promote interaction among visitors walking its path - increased the stability of the natural materials used - symbolized to him the natural cycle of creation and decay - represented for him the idea of human progress

camouflage the figure so it would blend into the background

One reason that the artist used a variety of patterned shapes and collage elements was to: - emphasize the handmade quality of the work - recall specific imagery from traditional folklore - move toward an art of pure abstraction - camouflage the figure so it would blend into the background

Although Kiki Smith's Lying with the Wolf and Jeff Koons's Pink Panther both depict women holding animals, which of the following statements accurately summarizes the difference in the meaning each conveys? - Smith's work focuses on mythologies about women, while Koons's work focuses on kitsch in popular culture. - Smith's work focuses on the tension of the human-animal pair, while Koons's work focuses on a peaceful relationship. - Smith's work focuses on how humans have affected animals, while Koons's work focuses on an idealized future. - Smith's work focuses on autobiographical content, while Koons's work refers to well-known stories constructed by others.

Smith's work focuses on mythologies about women, while Koons's work focuses on kitsch in popular culture.

produce a critique of how women's bodies are vulnerable to changing social norms

The artist collages photographic imagery from across ethnographic and media sources in order to: - produce a critique of how women's bodies are vulnerable to changing social norms - fabricate an image that recalls craft traditions typically associated with women - elevate local symbolic and ritualistic practices in depicting divine figures - make reference to cultural icons that promote diversity, progress, and unity

an art museum

The installation challenges institutional authority by means of its creation within: - an international airport - a university library - an art museum - a government building

The repetition of form and color in Christo and Jeanne-Claude's installation The Gates is most strongly intended to call attention to which of the following? The lines of the walking paths in the park The materials and impermanence of the work The static nature of the rigid vinyl gates Isolated forms against the landscape

The lines of the walking paths in the park

the David vases

The medium Ai Weiwei used in Kui Hua Zi (Sunflower Seeds) comments on an artistic tradition exemplified by which of the following works of art? - the David vases - Funderal banner of Lady Dai - Jade cong - Great Buddha at Nara

Which of the following is a feature of Maya Lin's Vietnam Veterans Memorial that constitutes its primary departure from traditional war memorials? The use of black granite rather than the more common polished bronze The nonfigurative composition made up of engraved names The omission of introductory texts and dates related to the war The link to environmentalism implied by its designation as an earthwork

The nonfigurative composition made up of engraved names

layering drawing with painting

The painter intentionally underscores the art-making process by: - applying paint mechanically - collaging printed material to create texture - using screen printing techniques in addition to paint - layering drawing with painting

consumerism and national identities

The painting reflects contemporary culture primarily through the mapping of: - information systems on the Internet - sports car and racing signage - consumerism and national identities - flight paths and time intervals

photo silk screening

The primary medium of the work is: - etching - photo silk screening - engraving - digital scanning

architectural drawing

The structural composition of the painting is grounded in the tradition of: - commercial advertising - history painting - cinema - architectural drawing

Zaha Hadid because of its deconstructed geometric form

The structure shown can be attributed to: - Zaha Hadid because of its deconstructed geometric form - Frank Gehry because of its curvilinear metallic shell - Robert Venturi because of its playful interpretation of historical antecedents - Maya Lin because of its interactive involvement with the spectator

an immortal tribute to a revered and iconic figure

The use of a diptych as a compositional device suggests that Warhol likely wanted viewers to respond to the work as: - a product of mass consumption and marketing - a symbolic representation of feminine beauty - an immortal tribute to a revered and iconic figure - an image evoking the fleeting passage of time

Which of the following features of Cindy Sherman's Untitled (#228) from the History Portraits series contributes the most to her comment on art historical models? - The use of photography in place of painting - The inclusion of the severed head of Holofernes in the image - The use of bright colors and lavish drapery - The placement of the figure in the composition

The use of photography in place of painting

Andy Warhol

The work shown can be attributed to which of the following artists? - Andy Warhol - Helen Frankenthaler - Claes Oldenburg - Willem de Kooning

Julie Mehretu

This work can be attributed to: - Jaune Quick-to-See Smith - Emily Kame Kngwarreye - Mariko Mori - Julie Mehretu

popular culture

This work is concerned with the visual language of: - classical mythology - nationalism - popular culture - existentialism

Shibboleth by Doris Salcedo

Through both its form and its symbolism, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is most similar to: - Shibboleth by Doris Salcedo - The Crossing by Bill Viola - Stadia II by Julie Mehretu - A Book from the Sky by Xu Bing

In addition to quilting, Faith Ringgold's Dancing at the Louvre demonstrates a continuity with which other textile tradition? - Tie-dyeing - Crocheting - Weaving - Batiking

Tie-dyeing

flattened labels from liquor bottle-caps fastened together with copper wire

To give his work, such as Old Man's Cloth, the appearance of a flowing tapestry, El Anatsui uses: - saffron-colored fabric that is draped from a metal gateway - pounded bark fiber that has been woven into a sheet and painted - handmade paper scrolls covered with invented characters and symbols - flattened labels from liquor bottle-caps fastened together with copper wire

Using a modern textile in the style of nineteenth-century Dutch wax fabric

When creating The Swing (after Fragonard), Yinka Shonibare included cultural references by doing which of the following? - Basing his work on a scene from a popular theatrical play - Reusing materials employed by a Romantic sculptor - Alluding to the setting of an English garden landscape - Using a modern textile in the style of nineteenth-century Dutch wax fabric

A complex interior of geometric shapes and curvilinear elements

Which of the following best describes Zaha Hadid's MAXXI National Museum of XXI Century Arts in Rome? - A simple exterior of concrete pierced with rows of small windows - A simple interior with a single modular shape for all the galleries - A complex exterior constructed of multiple interlocking, reflective surfaces -A complex interior of geometric shapes and curvilinear elements

The lotus flower beneath the central figure

Which of the following characteristics of Mariko Mori's Pure Land suggests that the artist is interested in Buddhism? - The lotus flower beneath the central figure - The placement of the small figures playing music - The traditional dress of the central figure in kimono and sash - The use of delicate pastel colors throughout the work

Critics initially claimed that the black granite suggested shame and degradation.

Which of the following statements correctly describes an audience response to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial? - Critics initially claimed that the black granite suggested shame and degradation. - National Park Service workers refused to maintain the grounds around the memorial. - Veterans successfully sued to prevent their names from being engraved on the wall. - Pedestrians complained that it impeded walkways and asked that it be moved to a new location.

could not meet human needs by being designed around pure functionality

With his design for the House in New Castle County, Robert Venturi departed from the traditions of modernist architecture because he believed that architecture: - could not meet human needs by being designed around pure functionality - should reflect the organic forms of its surrounding natural setting - focused too much on exterior ornamentation was not aesthetically pleasing - should be free from repeating stylistic elements of past periods

characters that resemble real text but have no actual meaning

With his installation A Book from the Sky, Xu Bing intended to elicit a response by confronting viewers with: - hand-drawn calligraphy that conveys only repetitions of propagandistic messages - images appropriated from western media but printed in traditional Chinese woodcut - characters that resemble real text but have no actual meaning - traditional watercolor paintings that show only abstract images

The most significant difference in the way writing is used to convey meaning in Xu Bing's A Book from the Sky and Shirin Neshat's Rebellious Silence from the Women of Allah series is that: Xu's work is made with block-printed characters while Neshat's text is written in ink Xu repeats a message many times while Neshat includes a single text Xu's work employs invented characters while Neshat's work quotes from a poem Xu does not use text for social commentary while Neshat does

Xu's work employs invented characters while Neshat's work quotes from a poem

Despite the many unconventional elements of its design, Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, demonstrates continuity with earlier architectural traditions through its inclusion of: - a central rotunda - a single spiraling ramp - pilasters and pediments - reflective exterior surfaces

a central rotunda

Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Maya Lin intended the monument's form to represent: - the valor of the service members who sacrificed their lives - the first letter of the English word "war" - a deep wound that will heal over time - the desire of the United States for a victory over North Vietnam

a deep wound that will heal over time

One reason for Lin's choice of black granite for the design of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was to elicit: - luxury connotations because of the great expense of the granite - a personal connection because the memorial's polished surface reflects the viewer - historical associations because the material is also used in nearby earlier monuments - a sense of disorientation created by the memorial's dark facade

a personal connection because the memorial's polished surface reflects the viewer

Robert Venturi's House in New Castle County is most similar to Thomas Jefferson's Monticello in its internal and external symmetry adaptation of classical design elements incorporation of spolia from other buildings location in a dense urban environment

adaptation of classical design elements

Basquiat's Horn Players shows continuity with an artistic choice often associated with medieval religious works through the: - use of grids to organize visual elements - application of multiple transparent paint layers - adoption of the triptych format - incorporation of a three-point perspective scheme

adoption of the triptych format

In The Swing (after Fragonard), Yinka Shonibare recreates Fragonard's Rococo painting in order to pay homage to the complex spatial structure of Fragonard's work by recreating it in three dimensions address the objectification of women in paintings from the Rococo period in France allude to the effects of European colonialism and question the morality of excess wealth draw parallels between the French Revolution and the end of apartheid in South Africa

allude to the effects of European colonialism and question the morality of excess wealth

Pepon Osorio created En la Barberia no se Llora (No Crying Allowed in the Barbershop) as: - an immersive video installation featuring various sounds and smells - a light projection that incorporated the shadows of the viewers as participants - a painting combined with an assembly of personal objects from the artist's personal life - an interactive installation that resembles a functioning barbershop

an interactive installation that resembles a functioning barbershop

In Jaune Quick-to-See Smith's Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People), the artist's choice to drip red paint over selected areas of the work's surface is intended to convey multiple meanings such as: - passion and love - anger and warfare - crime and punishment - chaos and confusion

anger and warfare

Zaha Hadid's MAXXI National Museum of XXI Century Arts is a contemporary building that references Roman architectural history through the use of: columns with elaborate capitals modeled after those used on the Colosseum a central dome similar to the one used in the design of the Pantheon concrete, a material used by the ancient Romans to shape space arcades, which function as a structural support used by the ancient Romans to define entrances

concrete, a material used by the ancient Romans to shape space

The female subjects in Shirin Neshat's Rebellious Silence from the Women of Allah series and Édouard Manet's Olympia are both depicted with: veiled faces confrontational gazes submissive smiles ideal proportions

confrontational gazes

Ai Weiwei chose to use porcelain to create sunflower seeds because the material: - connects the work to China's long tradition of porcelain production - alludes to the fragility of everyday life in modern societies - associates the work with England's colonial porcelain trade - references the mechanization of Chinese agriculture during the 1950s

connects the work to China's long tradition of porcelain production

Emily Kame Kngwarreye's monumental painting Earth's Creation includes visual elements such as: finely rendered lines dense gestural marks a structured composition dripping blocks of paint

dense gestural marks

In Electronic Superhighway, Nam June Paik combines closed-circuit television and video screens with a neon-outlined map of the United States to address the country's: - history of religious diversity - growth as more roads were built - traditional uses of mass media in art - entry into the information age

entry into the information age

Although Jacob Lawrence's The Migration of the Negro, Panel no. 49 and Doris Salcedo's Shibboleth use very different media, they are similar in that both: - incorporate culturally charged materials to comment on deeply rooted social injustice - incorporate multiple repetitions of imagery that represent the anonymity of modern urban life - appropriate visual elements from other works to question cultural norms and stereotypes - focus the attention of the viewer on a central line that represents societal divisions

focus the attention of the viewer on a central line that represents societal divisions

The Crossing, a video installation by Bill Viola, expands the viewer's temporal, psychological, and spiritual experience through his signature use of: - slow-speed film that creates ambiguous imagery featuring hazy, foggy effects - video projected onto side-by-side, reflective screens complemented by otherworldly sounds - a large-scale projection split between two opposing film screens - high-speed film, capturing extreme detail beyond the normal range of human perception

high-speed film, capturing extreme detail beyond the normal range of human perception

A similarity between Jean-Michel Basquiat's Horn Players and Faith Ringgold's Dancing at the Louvre is that both works: - refer to religious narratives - use traditional craft techniques - include text elements - include vivid brushstrokes

include text elements

Art historians have interpreted Jean-Michel Basquiat's experimentation with form and content in the work shown as demonstrating his: - awareness of how the study of anatomy affected the presentation of the human figure - desire to incorporate live performance as a critical component of the piece - interest in the role of improvisation and its relationship to jazz - adherence to strictly traditional materials and painting techniques

interest in the role of improvisation and its relationship to jazz

In contrast to the consistently bright and flattened colors on the left side of the work, the right side is composed of only black-and-white images of varied values, suggesting that the artist not only wished to emphasize the process used but also was: - influenced by the work of photojournalists - interested in conflating multiple images - fascinated by the loss of fame and fortune - intrigued by the actress's recent death

intrigued by the actress's recent death

A common scholarly interpretation of Nam June Paik's work Electronic Superhighway is that the United States: should promote books to combat too much television consumption is united more by electronic mass media than by roads is in the habit of using antiquated technology cannot reconcile cultural differences between states

is united more by electronic mass media than by roads

In Stadia II, the process used by artist Julie Mehretu that overlays projections of maps and diagrams with figures, notations, and photographs creates an effect that some critics have said is like unexplored depths of the world's ocean canyons that teem with lifeforms layered formations with characters that have been buried as if they were fossils contoured maps of remote, unsettled areas of the Earth with pristine ecosystems localized effects of chaotic weather patterns on geographic features

layered formations with characters that have been buried as if they were fossils

In Old Man's Cloth, the artist El Anatsui claims that one possible interpretation of his use of materials such as bottle caps to create meaning is that: - liquor bottle caps represent the transatlantic trade for slaves and alcohol - the Western world treats Africa as a resource for mining metal ore - Africa should build a sustainable economy through recycling - old, discarded items such as bottle caps can become renewed through art

liquor bottle caps represent the transatlantic trade for slaves and alcohol

One interpretation of Andy Warhol's Marilyn Diptych asserts that the artist intended to elevate the status of his subject to that of a religious icon by the use of a diptych format; another interpretation argues that the artist no longer viewed painting as a fine art distinct from popular culture because of the work's: - multiple references to mechanical forms of reproduction - abrupt variations of color found throughout the composition - combination of diverse painting styles or techniques - heightened contrast and realistic detailing in each portrait

multiple references to mechanical forms of reproduction

flag-waving pageantry of propagandistic nationalism

n Stadia II, art historians suggest that Julie Mehretu employs pictorial elements such as movement lines and brightly colored geometric shapes to intentionally draw analogies between these elements and the: - multidimensional space and time associated with a fourth dimension - promised fulfillment of future utopian civilizations - fragmentation of the status quo because of a polarized contemporary society - flag-waving pageantry of propagandistic nationalism

A widely accepted interpretation of Ai Wei Wei's use of millions of sunflower seed sculptures in his installation Kui Hua Zi (Sunflower Seeds) is that: - in encouraging visitors to walk on the work, the work intentionally breaks with traditional Chinese artistic traditions - in creating the sensation of a boundless vista, the work suggests that the artist's interest actually lies with landscape and space - the combination of so many individual sunflower seed forms is meant to suggest a disregard by the Chinese government for individuality - the choice of the subject matter is intended to send the message that the Chinese population in general is well fed

the combination of so many individual sunflower seed forms is meant to suggest a disregard by the Chinese government for individuality

Doris Salcedo's Shibboleth can be interpreted as relating the deep crack in the floor of the Tate Modern to: the immigrant experience shame and silence commercial culture nostalgia and memory

the immigrant experience

Despite its visual links to Western abstract painting, Song Su-nam's Summer Trees demonstrates a clear connection with traditional Korean art through the artist's: - inclusion of drips rather than consistently clean edges - use of brushes, rather than a pouring technique, to create the image - use of black ink only rather than black ink accented with colors - choice of a relatively small size for the work

use of brushes, rather than a pouring technique, to create the image